DOCSLIB.ORG

China's Evolving Green Planning System: Are Targets the Answer?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China's Evolving Green Planning System: Are Targets the Answer? A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kostka, Genia Working Paper China's evolving green planning system: Are targets the answer? Frankfurt School - Working Paper Series, No. 201 Provided in Cooperation with: Frankfurt School of Finance and Management Suggested Citation: Kostka, Genia (2013) : China's evolving green planning system: Are targets the answer?, Frankfurt School - Working Paper Series, No. 201, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Frankfurt a. M. This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80338 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Frankfurt School – Working Paper Series No. 201 China’s evolving green planning system: Are targets the answer? by Genia Kostka Department of Economics, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Frankfurt, Germany June 2013 Sonnemannstr. 9 – 11 60314 Frankfurt an Main, Germany Phone: +49 (0) 69 154 008 0 Fax: +49 (0) 69 154 008 728 Internet: www.frankfurt-school.de China’s evolving green planning system: Are targets the answer? Abstract China’s national leaders have recently set ambitious goals to restructure and diversify the economy towards a more resource-efficient and sustainable growth path. To address the grow- ing national environment and energy concerns, leaders introduced several binding environ- mental targets for government departments and large enterprises. The heavy reliance on a target-based implementation approach raises questions about the effectiveness of this strategy in the short and long run for environmental governance in China. Based on fieldwork in Jiangsu, Hunan, and Shandong provinces in 2012, this paper studies the desirable and unde- sirable outcomes of binding environmental targets in China’s evolving green planning system. This paper argues that environmental targets have a signaling function that has resulted in ecological issues movement onto local governments’ core policy agendas. However, in the nascent green planning system, classic planning problems have generated undesirable conse- quences such that that environmental targets are not always achieving their intended goals. Strategic and cyclical behavior by local government officials in leadership positions often lead to short-term maximization actions instead of long-term innovative environmental man- agement. This analysis of local leaders’ responses to top-down targets aims to generate a more realistic picture of what binding environmental targets can and cannot achieve. Keywords: environmental policy implementation, regulation, command and control instru- ments, targets, China, authoritarian environmentalism JEL classification: Q48, Q28, Q00, P21, O21, R58 ISSN: 14369753 Contact: Prof. Dr. Genia Kostka Frankfurt School of Finance and Management Sonnemannstraße 9-11, 60314 Frankfurt am Main Germany [email protected] +49 163 50 666 66 Acknowledgements: The author is grateful to Sarah Eaton, Thomas Johnson, Andrew Kipnis, Ran Ran, Benjamin van Rooji, and Ji Xi for helpful comments. Special thanks are also due to Li Bo and Yu Hang for excellent research assistance. The paper benefited from feedback gen- erated in workshops at the University of Amsterdam’s China Law Centre, the German Asso- ciation for Social Science Research in China, and at the Balsillie School of International Af- fairs. Funding from the Dr. Werner Jackstädt Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Frankfurt School of Finance & Management 2 Working Paper No. 201 China’s evolving green planning system: Are targets the answer? Content 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 2 Environmental Green Planning, State Capacity, and Policy Outcomes ................................ 6 3 Anticipated and desirable outcomes ...................................................................................... 9 4 Anticipated but undesirable outcomes ................................................................................. 11 5 Unanticipated but desirables outcomes ................................................................................ 12 6 Unanticipated but undesirables outcomes ............................................................................ 13 7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 22 References ................................................................................................................................ 26 Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Working Paper No. 201 3 China’s evolving green planning system: Are targets the answer? 1 Introduction Mounting global environmental crises have fed debate about what types of policy instruments and strategies are most conducive to addressing resource scarcities and environmental degra- dation. Within this debate, the relative merits of command and control versus market-based approaches have attracted particular scrutiny. Analyses of both types of instrument have tend- ed to focus on the requisite political scaffolding in democratic systems, especially legislators’ choice of policy instruments as well as the character of legal structures necessary for effective environmental enforcement (e.g., Goulder and Parry, 2008, Keohane et al. 1998, Wiener, 1999). Authoritarian systems operate by different rules and, as yet, very little is known about how command and control and market-based instruments actually function (or do not) in au- thoritarian contexts. Recent innovations in China’s approach to environmental management make it a par- ticularly relevant case to study how command and control mechanisms work in authoritarian regimes. China’s two most recent national Five Year Plans (FYPs), the 11 th (2006-2010) and 12 th (2011-2015), outline China’s ambitions to change lanes from a heavily polluting, growth- at-any-cost model to a resource-efficient and low carbon model. 1 China has employed a mix of top-down command and control and market-based mechanisms to propel the switch to a resource-efficient and low carbon growth path. 2 Since 1972, the central government has very noticeably deployed more and more administrative instruments to enhance compliance with national environmental rules and standards. In the last four decades, more than 28 environ- mental and resource laws, 150 national administrative environmental regulations, 1300 na- tional environmental standards, and 200 departmental administrative regulations have been issued (Chang, 2008 quoted in He et al., 2012, p.31). Since 1999, China has also experimented with a variety of market-based instruments to supplement existing command and control tools, including piloting a dozen sub-national voluntary emission cap-and-trade schemes, rolling out a three-tiered electricity pricing sys- tem, promoting energy service companies (ESCO) and introducing numerous payment for eco-system services to improve water, air, forest, and soil management (Kostka and Shin, 2013; Liang and Mol, 2013; Shin, 2013). Yet the majority of these market-based instruments have not scaled up to nation-wide programs due to the lack of market preconditions and ex- cessive state intervention in emission trading formats, allocation methods, and pricing ap- proaches (Lo, 2013; Shin, 2013). With market based instruments still in their infancy, China’s environmental governance system continues to rely primarily on top down command and con- trol instruments. Among the many different command and control instruments, setting binding envi- ronmental targets has become the key environmental management tool in China. Environmen- tal targets are incorporated into the target responsibility system ( mubiao zeren zhi ), wherein the central government sets a national target for a policy or program and then assigns specific targets for particular areas. Central leaders’ priorities are communicated by differentiating between “soft”, expected ( yuqixing ), and “hard”, literally restricted ( yueshuxing ) binding en- vironmental targets in the national FYPs. The majority of these “hard” binding targets have been accorded “veto power” ( yipiao foujue ) status, meaning that, if these targets are not met, all other achievements of a local leader will be rendered null
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Study on Association Between Spatial Distribution of Metal
    Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 5163-5177; doi:10.3390/ijerph10105163 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Study on Association between Spatial Distribution of Metal Mines and Disease Mortality: A Case Study in Suxian District, South China Daping Song 1,2,†, Dong Jiang 2,†, Yong Wang 2,†, Wei Chen 1, Yaohuan Huang 2 and Dafang Zhuang 1,2,* 1 College of Resource and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Weigang Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (W.C.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (Y.H.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6485-5048; Fax: +86-10-6485-5049. Received: 13 August 2013; in revised form: 23 September 2013 / Accepted: 1 October 2013 / Published: 16 October 2013 Abstract: Metal mines release toxic substances into the environment and can therefore negatively impact the health of residents in nearby regions. This paper sought to investigate whether there was excess disease mortality in populations in the vicinity of the mining area in Suxian District, South China. The spatial distribution of metal mining and related activities from 1985 to 2012, which was derived from remote sensing imagery, was overlapped with disease mortality data.
    [Show full text]
  • The Urban Flood Control Project in the Mountainous Area in Hunan Province Loaned by the Asian Development Bank
    The Urban Flood Control Project in the Mountainous Area in Hunan Province Loaned by the Asian Development Bank The External Resettlement Monitoring & Assessment Report (Lengshuijiang City, Lianyuan City, Shuangfeng County, Shaoyang City, Shaodong County, Longhui County, Jiangyong County, Xintian County, Jianghua County, Qiyang County, Ningyuan County, Chenzhou City, Zhuzhou City, Liling City, Zhuzhou County and Youxian County) No.1, 2008 Total No. 1 Hunan Water & Electricity Consulting Corporation (HWECC) September, 2008 Approved by: Wang Hengyang Reviewed by: Long Xiachu Prepared by: Long Xiachu, Wei Riwen 2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Project Outline 2.1 Project Outline 2.2 Resettlement Outline 3. Establishment and Operation of Resettlement Organizations 3.1 Organization Arrangement 3.2 Organization Operation 4. Project Implementation Progress 4.1 Jiangyong County 4.2 Chenzhou City 5. Resettlement Implementation Progress 5.1 Resettlement Implementation Schedule 5.2 Resettlement Policy and Compensation Standards 5.3 Progress of Land Acquisition 5.4 Progress of Resettlement Arrangement 5.5 Removal Progress of Enterprises and Institutions 5.6 Progress of Resettlement Area Construction 5.7 Arrival and Payment of the Resettlement Fund 6. Psychology and Complaint of the Resettled People 6.1 Complaint Channel 6.2 Complaint Procedures 7. Public Participation, Consultation and Information Publicizing 7.1 Jiangyong County 7.2 Chenzhou City 8. Existed Problems and Suggestions 3 1. Introduction The Urban Flood Control Project in the Mountainous
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    HAITONG SECURITIES CO., LTD. 海通證券股份有限公司 Annual Report 2019 2019 年度報告 2019 年度報告 Annual Report CONTENTS Section I DEFINITIONS AND MATERIAL RISK WARNINGS 4 Section II COMPANY PROFILE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS 8 Section III SUMMARY OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS 25 Section IV REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 33 Section V SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 85 Section VI CHANGES IN ORDINARY SHARES AND PARTICULARS ABOUT SHAREHOLDERS 123 Section VII PREFERENCE SHARES 134 Section VIII DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 135 Section IX CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 191 Section X CORPORATE BONDS 233 Section XI FINANCIAL REPORT 242 Section XII DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION 243 Section XIII INFORMATION DISCLOSURES OF SECURITIES COMPANY 244 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Board, the Supervisory Committee, Directors, Supervisors and senior management of the Company warrant the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of contents of this annual report (the “Report”) and that there is no false representation, misleading statement contained herein or material omission from this Report, for which they will assume joint and several liabilities. This Report was considered and approved at the seventh meeting of the seventh session of the Board. All the Directors of the Company attended the Board meeting. None of the Directors or Supervisors has made any objection to this Report. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP (Special General Partnership)) have audited the annual financial reports of the Company prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP and IFRS respectively, and issued a standard and unqualified audit report of the Company. All financial data in this Report are denominated in RMB unless otherwise indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008
    L A O G A I HANDBOOK 劳 改 手 册 2007 – 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation Washington, DC 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation, founded in 1992, is a non-profit, tax-exempt organization [501 (c) (3)] incorporated in the District of Columbia, USA. The Foundation’s purpose is to gather information on the Chinese Laogai - the most extensive system of forced labor camps in the world today – and disseminate this information to journalists, human rights activists, government officials and the general public. Directors: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao LRF Board: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao, Lodi Gyari Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008 Copyright © The Laogai Research Foundation (LRF) All Rights Reserved. The Laogai Research Foundation 1109 M St. NW Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 408-8300 / 8301 Fax: (202) 408-8302 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.laogai.org ISBN 978-1-931550-25-3 Published by The Laogai Research Foundation, October 2008 Printed in Hong Kong US $35.00 Our Statement We have no right to forget those deprived of freedom and 我们没有权利忘却劳改营中失去自由及生命的人。 life in the Laogai. 我们在寻求真理, 希望这类残暴及非人道的行为早日 We are seeking the truth, with the hope that such horrible 消除并且永不再现。 and inhumane practices will soon cease to exist and will never recur. 在中国，民主与劳改不可能并存。 In China, democracy and the Laogai are incompatible. THE LAOGAI RESEARCH FOUNDATION Table of Contents Code Page Code Page Preface 前言 ...............................................................…1 23 Shandong Province 山东省.............................................. 377 Introduction 概述 .........................................................…4 24 Shanghai Municipality 上海市 .......................................... 407 Laogai Terms and Abbreviations 25 Shanxi Province 山西省 ................................................... 423 劳改单位及缩写............................................................28 26 Sichuan Province 四川省 ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Kostka Command Without Control Reg and Gov Preprint Version
    1 This is a pre-print version of the paper. The published version is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rego.12082/full Cite article as: Kostka, Genia (2016), Command without control: The case of China’s environmental target system, Regulation & Governance, Vol. 10, 58–74. Command without control: The case of China’s environmental target system Genia Kostka Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany Regulation & Governance In the existing literature there is general agreement that the effectiveness and efficiency of command and control instruments versus market-based instruments is highly context specific. A country’s particular regulatory environment and state capacity, as well as the features of given environmental problems, play an important role in ascertaining what the “right” set of policy instruments for environmental management might be. This article examines how command and control instruments are used as an environmental enforcement mechanism in China’s authoritarian state. Based on extensive fieldwork, this paper shows that the reliance on binding environmental targets as the main domestic policy instrument in China has generated numerous undesirable consequences. While China’s target-based approach to implementation has incentivized local officials to strictly enforce environmental mandates, there are numerous shortcomings in the system. In particular, target rigidity, cyclical behaviour, poor data quality, and the absence of an independent monitoring agency have generated adverse effects and contribute to a yawning gap between regulatory goals and outcomes. The paper concludes that binding environmental targets as the main command–control instrument in China can be more accurately described as “command without control” as the target- setting central government does not exercise a high degree of control over implementation and monitoring processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Financing Models for Soil Remediation in China Financing Models for Soil Remediation in China
    Financing Models for Soil Remediation Financing Models for Soil Remediation in China Financing Models for Soil Remediation in China © 2018 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning (CAEP) Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development and the Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IISD Head Office The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) is an 111 Lombard Avenue independent think tank championing sustainable solutions to 21st–century Suite 325 problems. Our mission is to promote human development and environmental Winnipeg, Manitoba sustainability. We do this through research, analysis and knowledge products Canada R3B 0T4 that support sound policymaking. Our big-picture view allows us to address the root causes of some of the greatest challenges facing our planet today: Tel: +1 (204) 958-7700 ecological destruction, social exclusion, unfair laws and economic rules, a Website: www.iisd.org changing climate. IISD’s staff of over 120 people, plus over 50 associates and Twitter: @IISD_news 100 consultants, come from across the globe and from many disciplines. Our work affects lives in nearly 100 countries. Part scientist, part strategist—IISD delivers the knowledge to act. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Province of Manitoba and project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations, the private sector and individuals. CHINESE ACADEMY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING CAEP Head Office Founded in 2001, the Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning of the 8 Dayangfang BeiYuan Road State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA), also known as the Chaoyang District, Beijing Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning (CAEP), is a public institution 100012 China with independent legal status.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Cities
    THE STATE OF THE STATE THE STATE OF CHINA’S CITIES CHINA’S CITIES CHINA’S 2014/2015 2014/2015 THE STATE OF CHINA’S CITIES 2014/2015 SPONSOR International Eurasian Academy of Sciences UNDERTAKER China Science Center of International Eurasian Academy of Sciences CO-ORGANIZERS China Association of Mayors Urban Planning Society of China EDIROR-IN-CHIEF Wang Guangtao, Secretary-General, International Eurasian Academy of Sciences (IEAS), Executive Vice President, China Science Center of International Eurasian Academy of Sciences (CSC-IEAS) HONORARY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Tao Siliang, Executive Vice President, China Association of Mayors EXECUTIVE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mao Qizhi, Academician, IEAS, Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Shao Yisheng, Academician, IEAS, Deputy Secretary-General, CSC-IEAS AUTHORS Mao Qizhi, Academician, IEAS, Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Shao Yisheng, Academician, IEAS, Researcher, Vice President, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Shi Nan, Professor, Secretary-General, Urban Planning Society of China Shen Jianguo, PhD., Inter-Regional Adviser, United Nations Human Settlements Programme Yu Taofang, PhD., Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Zhang Zhiguo, PhD., Associate Researcher, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Li Lin, Associate Senior Editor, City Planning Review magazine Chen Xiaohui, Deputy Chief Planner, Jiangsu Institute of Urban Planning and Design Qu Changhong, Senior Engineer, Deputy Secretary-General, Urban Planning Society of
    [Show full text]
  • Affected Area, Affected Farmers and Project
    35126 v 4 Public Disclosure Authorized Social Assessment Report for World Bank Financed China Agricultural Technology Project Hunan Sub-repor CONTENTS Chapter 1 Project Summary in Hunan....................................1 Public Disclosure Authorized I. Background of Hunan................................................................................................................. 1 II. Project Background ................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Detailed Survey of Each Project ............................2 I. Two-System Super Hybrid Paddy Project of Hunan Province ......................................... 2 (I) Project Background .......................................................................................... 2 (II) Affected Area, Affected Farmers and Project................................................... 3 (III) Comments and Suggestions.............................................................................. 5 II. Nuisance Free Vegetable of Changsha County................................................................. 8 (I) Project Background .......................................................................................... 8 (II) Affected Area, Affected Farmers and Project ........................................................................ 8 Public Disclosure Authorized (III) Comments and Suggestions............................................................................ 10 III. High-quality Melon and Fruit
    [Show full text]
  • China-Hunan-Forest-Restoration-And-Development-Project.Pdf
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00004889 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT ON LOAN IBRD-82150 IN THE AMOUNT OF US$80 MILLION FROM THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE HUNAN FOREST RESTORATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (P125021) September 30, 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Sustainable Development Practice Group Public Disclosure Authorized East Asia And Pacific Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Exchange Rate Effective March 31, 2019 Currency Unit = Chinese Renminbi (CNY) US$1 = 6.71 CNY 1 CNY = US$0.15 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 Regional Vice President: Victoria Kwakwa Country Director: Martin Raiser Regional Director: Benoit Bosquet Practice Manager: Ann Jeannette Glauber Task Team Leader(s): Jin Liu ICR Main Author: David Kaczan ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CO2 Carbon Dioxide CPF Country Partnership Framework CPMO County Project Management Office CPS Country Partnership Strategy EIB European Investment Bank EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return FM Financial Management FYP Five Year Plan GIS Geographic Information Systems ha Hectare IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ISR Implementation Status and Results Report m3 Cubic Meters M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MTR Mid-term Review OP Operational Policy PDO Project Development Objective PLG Project Leadership Group PMP Pest Management Plan PPMO Provincial Project Management Office RF Results Framework SA Social Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS DATA SHEET .......................................................................................................................................1 I. PROJECT CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ...................................................................5 A.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Annual Report.Pdf
    HAITONG SECURITIES CO., LTD. 海通證券股份有限公司 Annual Report 2020 年度報告2020 年度報告 Annual Report 2020 CONTENTS Section I DEFINITIONS AND MATERIAL RISK WARNINGS 3 Section II COMPANY PROFILE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS 7 Section III SUMMARY OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS 25 Section IV REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 33 Section V SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 85 Section VI CHANGES IN ORDINARY SHARES AND PARTICULARS ABOUT SHAREHOLDERS 123 Section VII PREFERENCE SHARES 136 Section VIII DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 137 Section IX CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 191 Section X CORPORATE BONDS 229 Section XI FINANCIAL REPORT 240 Section XII DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION 241 Section XIII INFORMATION DISCLOSURES OF SECURITIES COMPANY 242 2 HAITONG SECURITIES CO., LTD. | Annual Report 2020 (H Share) IMPORTANT NOTICE The Board, the Supervisory Committee, Directors, Supervisors and senior management of the Company warrant the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of contents of this annual report (the “Report”) and that there is no false representation, misleading statement contained herein or material omission from this Report, for which they will assume joint and several liabilities. This Report was considered and approved at the 15th meeting of the seventh session of the Board. All the Directors of the Company attended the Board meeting. None of the Directors or Supervisors has made any objection to this Report. PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP (Special General Partnership) and PricewaterhouseCoopers have audited the annual financial reports of the Company prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP and IFRS respectively, and issued a standard and unqualified audit report of the Company. All financial data in this Report are denominated in RMB unless otherwise indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunan Integrated Management of Agricultural Land Pollution Project with World Bank Loan
    The People’s Republic of China World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Hunan Integrated Management of Agricultural Land Pollution Project with World Bank Loan Public Disclosure Authorized (The Second Batch of Project Counties) Environmental and Social Impact Report Public Disclosure Authorized Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province Public Disclosure Authorized Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals July 2018 Project Name: Hunan Integrated Management of Agricultural Land Pollution Project with World Bank Loan Client: Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province Assessment Unit: Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Institute Qualification Certificate No.: G.H.P.Z.Y.Zi No. 2711 Institute Director: Chen Wei Project Director: Ouyang Kun Project Technical Directors: Wang Wei and Wang Ying Project Compilers: Xiang Qiulai, Liu Jun, Yao Hui, Yuan Cuiyu, You Ping, Xun Zhou, Wu Huan and Tang Jinyao Contents Chapter 1 Project Overview ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Project Background ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Lessons Learned from Similar Projects ........................................................................................... 4 1.3 Category and Characteristics of the Project ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]