09.- ‡ Lahuén Ñadi ‡ 114 ‡ Monumentos Naturales de Chile Helecho película (hymenophyllum pectinatum). Lahuén Ñadi ‡ 115 Natural Monument (NM) Declaration Date: January 10, 2000. Fecha de creación como Monumento Natural (MN): 10 de enero del año 2000. Location: Region X of The Lakes, Llanquihue Province, Puerto Montt County. Ubicación: X Región de los Lagos, provincia de Llanquihue, comuna de Puerto Montt. Surface area: 200 hectares1. Superficie: 200 hectáreas1. Motive for conservation: It is a small relic of an old-growth forest, representative of the temperate rainforests that Motivo de conservación: Es un pequeño bosque relicto, covered the entirety of the intermediate depression of Chile representativo de los bosques húmedos templados de la prior to the European colonization period, particularly zona sur de Chile que cubrían la depresión intermedia de la the German colonization that took place during the 19th región antes de la colonización europea, particularmente century. The forest contains alerce trees that are over 1,800 alemana, durante el siglo XIX. Destacan los alerces, algunos years old. Old-growth alerce trees are nearly extinct, con hasta 1.800 años de edad. Esta especie casi se extinguió, but continue to exist in protected areas like this. y hoy sólo sobrevive gracias a áreas protegidas como ésta. 1 www.conaf.cl Reviewed July 3, 2012. 1 www.conaf.cl Revisado 3-7-2012 116 ‡ Monumentos Naturales de Chile Lahuén Ñadi ‡ 117 118 ‡ Monumentos Naturales de Chile Dosel de alerces. Name origin: The name derives from the indigenous Mapudungún Origen del nombre: Proviene del mapudungún, lengua language, spoken by the Huilliche people who used to inhabit utilizada por los huilliches que habitaban la zona. Lahuén the area. Lahuén means “medicinal water”, and ñadi means significa “agua medicinal”, mientras que ñadi es “tierra “swampland”2. Both terms connect in this location, since pantanosa”2. Ambos significados se conectan con el lugar, ya the NM is in a very humid area where both medicinal water que el MN conforma un bosque en una zona muy húmeda, and plants used by the huilliches were likely to be found. donde probablemente se encuentran plantas y aguas medicinales que fueron utilizadas por ese grupo étnico. Geographic and climatic characteristics: A temperate rainforest climate influenced by its proximity to the sea, with Características geográficas y climáticas: Corresponde a temperatures averaging between 9 °C y 12 °C, and where templado lluvioso, con influencia mediterránea, donde las annual average rainfall is above 1,800 mm. The NM is located temperaturas rondan los 9 °C y 12 °C, y las precipitaciones on swampy volcanic soil, similar to most of the central valley tienen promedios anuales superiores a los 1.800 mm. areas found from Valdivia to the Chacao Channel. It is rich in organic material and has a hardened cap of iron oxides. El MN está situado en suelo volcánico pantanoso y de tierra muy húmeda, propia del área del Valle Central, de Valdivia al Canal de Chacao, rica en materia orgánica y con una capa endurecida de óxidos de fierro. 2 María Catrileo: Diccionario lingüístico-etnológico de la lengua mapuche. Mapudungún-Español-English [Linguistic and 2 María Catrileo: Diccionario lingüístico-etnológico de ethnologic Dictionary of the Mapuche language. Mapudungún- la lengua mapuche. Mapudungún-Español-English. Español-English]. Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile, 1995. Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile, 1995. Lahuén Ñadi ‡ 119 Musgo paragüita (Hypopterygium arbuscula). 120 ‡ Monumentos Naturales de Chile Iglesia construida con tejuelas de ciprés. Lahuén Ñadi ‡ 121 Flora: Is most characterized by its woodlands, where the Flora: Es de característica arbórea, donde la especie principal principal species is the alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides), together es el alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides), acompañado del arrayán with arrayán (Luma apiculata) and luma trees. There are also (Luma apiculata) y la luma, principalmente. Existen otros other tree species like the tepú (Tepuaria stipularis), the coigüe árboles como el tepú (Tepuaria stipularis), el coigüe y el and the canelo (Drimys winteri)3. Plants such as the helecho canelo (Drimys winteri)3. También se encuentran plantas como película or the musgo paragüita thrive in the forest’s shady and el helecho película o el musgo paragüita, que necesitan la wet soil4. In the alerce canopy there is a community of epiphytes sombra y la humedad constantes del bosque4. En el dosel de and associated animals that create a true aerial forest. alerces se desarrolla una comunidad de epífitas y animales asociados que forman un verdadero bosque aéreo. Fauna: Because of the small size of this NM, and taking into account the neighboring lands used for agricultural purposes, Fauna: Dado el reducido tamaño del MN, tomando en cuenta que as well as the highway traffic to and from Puerto Montt, the los sectores aledaños han sido habilitados para la agricultura, forest isn’t able to serve as a permanent habitat for many la cercanía a centro urbanos como Puerto Montt, y a carreteras species. As a result, the “fragmentized habitat” phenomenon de alto tráfico, no se espera que el bosque en sí pueda servir takes place. Therefore, it is of great importance to maintain, de hábitat permanente a muchas especies, produciéndose el protect and conserve the vegetative aspect of the area. fenómeno conocido como fragmentación del hábitat. En este Even so, there are great numbers of bird species that can be sentido, es primordial poder conservar el lado vegetacional observed here, including the chucao (Scelorchilus rubecula), del espacio, ya que forma parte esencial de la zona. No the huet-huet (Pteroptochos tarnii), the rayadito (Aphrastura obstante, hay numerosas aves que se pueden observar en este spinicauda), the choroy (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), bosque, como el chucao (Scelorchilus rubecula), el huet-huet the bandurria (Theristicus melanopis), the tiuque and the (Pteroptochos tarnii), el rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), el traro. The Darwin frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) also lives choroy (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), la bandurria (Theristicus here, as does a species of skunk (Conepatus chinga). melanopis), el tiuque y el traro. También habitan la ranita de Darwin (Rhinoderma darwinii) y el chingue (Conepatus chinga). Public usage and community relationship with the NM: There is a trail in the NM that allows you to see different species, but most Relación con los habitantes y usos del MN: Dentro de especially the alerce. The NM is easily accessible, as it is located los límites del MN hay un sendero que permite observar on flat swampy land, and the walk lasts 20 to 30 minutes. las distintas especies inmersas, especialmente el alerce. Es de fácil acceso por estar situado en terrenos planos y Species in need of conservation: The Darwin frog is in húmedos, y el recorrido puede durar 20 ó 30 minutos. danger of extinction, while the alerce tree is vulnerable. Especies con problemas de conservación: La ranita de Darwin está en peligro de extinción, mientras que el alerce es vulnerable. 3 www.conaf.cl Reviewed July 3, 2012. 3 www.conaf.cl Revisado 3-7-2012. 4 www.conaf.cl Reviewed July 3, 2012. 4 www.conaf.cl Revisado 3-7-2012. 122 ‡ Monumentos Naturales de Chile FLORA FAUNA ALERCE. Black-THROatED HUET-HUET. Scientific name: Fitzroya cupressoides. Scientific name: Pteroptochos tarnii. Conservation status: Vulnerable. Conservation status: Low risk. Named in honor of Robert Fitz-Roy, This bird has very large feet adapted captain of the HMS Beagle, the boat to life on the ground. It is a good used by Darwin for his scientific walker that tends to raise its tail, with investigations as he traveled throughout colors that help it blend in with its South America. It is monotypic and forest environment to protect it from endemic to Southern Chile. Its current predators. The birds live in couples habitat is only 15 percent of what it was and are much more likely to be heard before the 16th century. It grows well than seen, thanks to the characteristic in poor, abandoned, acidic soils, but “huet-huet” sung to call its mate. very slowly, reaching sexual maturity after 30 years. This partly explains CHUcaO. its vulnerability. It is the largest tree Fitzroya Scientific name: Scelorchilus rubecula. in Chile’s forests, growing as much as cupressoides Conservation status: Low risk. 60 meters high with a diameter of 5 Very common in the forests of southern meters, although there are descriptions Chile. It is a curious bird that follows by earlier naturalists of trees even people walking in the forest, but bigger – most likely logged years ago. always at a prudent distance. It can be approached with patience. It lives CHILEan MYRTLE. mostly on the ground near streams. Scientific name: Luma apiculata. Conservation status: Low risk. BUFF-NECKED IbIS. A tree recognized by the unmistakable Scientific name: Theristicus melanopis. cinnamon color of its trunk and its Conservation status: Low risk. white flowers which, during spring, This bird tends to travel in groups, are an important source of pollen looking for animals to eat. It is very and nectar for native bees and honey common from Antofagasta to the south. producers. While the tree is valued THORN-taILED RaYADITO. for its ornamental appearance, its Scientific name: Aphrastura spinicauda. wood is prized for its hardness and Conservation status: Low risk. resistance. Its fruit may be eaten. This is a small, omnivorous bird found in densely forested areas from Rancagua to the south. Also found in: Cerro Ñielol. Fitzroya cupressoides Scelorchilus rubecula Glosario ‡ 123 FLORA FAUNA ALERCE. HUET-HUET. Nombre científico: Fitzroya cupressoides. Nombre científico: Pteroptochos tarnii. Estado de conservación: Vulnerable. Estado de conservación: Riesgo menor. Nombrado en honor a Robert FitzRoy, Tiene patas bastante largas y capitán del HMS Beagle, buque de Aphrastura adaptadas a la vida en el suelo. investigación científica en el que Darwin spinicauda Es buen caminador, suele erguir la viajó por Sudamérica.