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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,166,809 B2 Weston (45) Date of Patent: May 1, 2012

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,166,809 B2 Weston (45) Date of Patent: May 1, 2012 USOO8166809B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,166,809 B2 Weston (45) Date of Patent: May 1, 2012 (54) N-TRE MULT-ELEMENT (56) References Cited PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventor: David Alan Weston, Hendersonville, NC 3,760,351 A 9, 1973 Thomas 3,839,915 A 10, 1974 Schlitt (US) 4,061200 A 12/1977 Thompson 4,510,484 A 4/1985 Snyder (73) Assignees: Michelin Recherche et Techinque, 4,862.486 A 8/1989 Wing et al. Granges-Paccot (CH); Societe de 5,457.447 A 10, 1995 Ghaem et al. 5,749,984 A 5/1998 Frey et al. Technologie Michelin, 6,725,713 B2 4/2004 Adamson et al. Clermont-Ferrand (FR) 2003.0056579 A1* 3, 2003 Poulbot et al. .................. T3,146 2005/0103100 A1* 5/2005 Miyoshi et al. ................. T3,146 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2005/0134444 A1* 6/2005 Park et al. ..................... 340,445 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2006, OO44125 A1 3/2006 Pierbon U.S.C. 154(b) by 358 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS EP 1547827 A2 6, 2005 (21) Appl. No.: 12/374,355 EP 1816 013 A1 8, 2007 JP 2005-186930 7/2005 JP 2006-142993 6, 2006 (22) PCT Fled: Sep. 20, 2006 OTHER PUBLICATIONS PCT NO.: PCT/US2O06/036697 PCT International Search Report for PCT/US06/36697, dated Aug. (86) 20, 2007. S371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Nov. 18, 2009 * cited by examiner Primary Examiner — Lisa Caputo (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2O08/036088 Assistant Examiner — Punam Roy PCT Pub. Date: Mar. 27, 2008 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Dority & Manning, PA. (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data Disclosed is an apparatus and methodology for monitoring tire related conditions. A substrate is provided having one or US 2010/O147O61 A1 Jun. 17, 2010 more pairs of sensors mounted thereon. The pairs of sensors are mounted in predetermined relationship to each other at (51) Int. C. predetermined separation distances such that rotational direc GOIM 7702 (2006.01) tion, speed and other parameters of a tire with which the B60C23/OO (2006.01) sensors may be associated may be determined. In some (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................... 73/146; 340/442 embodiments, plural effective pairs of sensors are provided so (58) Field of Classification Search .................... 73/146, that mounting orientation of the sensor need not be predeter 73/146.2, 146.3: 340/442,693.1 mined. See application file for complete search history. 12 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets 228 226 224 202 200 102 00 130 212 S % 222 -- 110 120 112 214 216 218 U.S. Patent May 1, 2012 Sheet 1 of 3 US 8,166,809 B2 130 110 120 112 F.G. 1 228 226 224 202 200 212 S % 222 24 216 28 FIG. 2 U.S. Patent May 1, 2012 Sheet 2 of 3 US 8,166,809 B2 316 412 FG, 4 U.S. Patent May 1, 2012 Sheet 3 of 3 US 8,166,809 B2 520 504 FIG. 5 US 8,166,809 B2 1. 2 IN-TRE MULT-ELEMENT electronics systems that transmit from wheel locations to a PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR closer receiver location, information is then typically relayed via hard-wire transmission medium from the RF receiver FIELD OF THE INVENTION location to the vehicle cab thus requiring the installation of additional and often-expensive communications hardware in The present subject matter relates to tire sensors. More a vehicle. particularly, the present Subject matter is directed to piezo Yet another known method for deriving power for tire electric tire sensors that are capable of generating signals to monitoring systems relates to piezoelectric generators that deduce the position of host tires mounted on a vehicle. harvest energy produced by the rotation of a host tire. U.S. 10 Pat. No. 6,725,713 discloses a system for generating electric BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION power from a rotating tire's mechanical energy that employs a piezoelectric structure and an energy storage device. The incorporation of electronic devices with pneumatic The disclosures of all the forgoing United States patents are tire structures yields many practical advantages. Tire elec herby fully incorporated into this application for all purposes tronics may include sensors and other components for obtain by reference thereto. ing information regarding various physical parameters of a 15 While various implementations of piezoelectric sensors in tire, such as temperature, pressure, number of tire revolutions, tire electronic systems have been developed, no design has vehicle speed, etc. Such performance information may emerged that generally encompasses all of the desired char become useful in tire monitoring and warning systems, and acteristics as hereafter presented in accordance with the Sub may have potential use as a part of a feedback system to ject technology. regulate or control certaintire and/or vehicle related systems. U.S. Pat. No. 5,749,984 (Frey et al.) discloses a tire moni SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION toring system and method that is capable of determining Such information as tire deflection, tire speed, and number of tire In view of the recognized features encountered in the prior revolutions. Another example of a tire electronics system can art and addressed by the present Subject matter, an improved be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,510,484 (Snyder), which concerns 25 apparatus for generating tire related signals has been devel an abnormal tire condition warning system. oped. U.S. Pat. No. 4,862.486 (Wing et al.) also relates to tire In an exemplary configuration, a pair of piezoelectric sen electronics, and more particularly discloses an exemplary sors is mounted on a common Substrate for placement within revolution counterfor use in conjunction with automotive and a tire. truck tires. 30 In one of their simpler forms, paired piezoelectric sensors Yet another potential capability offered by electronics sys are mounted as components of a tire electronics system tems integrated with tire structures corresponds to asset track within a tire. ing and performance characterization for commercial vehicu In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments of the lar applications. Commercial truck fleets, aviation crafts and present Subject matter, methodologies are provided to provide earthmover/mining vehicles are all viable industries that 35 operating power to sensor associated electronics that may be could utilize the benefits oftire electronic systems and related co-located with the piezoelectric sensors. information transmission. Tire sensors can determine the dis In accordance with certain aspects of other embodiments tance each tire in a vehicle has traveled and thus aid in main of the present subject matter, methodologies have been devel tenance planning for Such commercial systems. Vehicle loca oped to co-locate one or more power harvesting elements on tion and performance can be optimized for more expensive the Substrate Supporting the paired piezoelectric sensors. applications such as those concerning earth-mining equip 40 In accordance with yet additional aspects of further ment. Entire fleets of vehicles could be tracked using RF tag embodiments of the present Subject matter, apparatus and transmission, exemplary aspects of which are disclosed in accompanying methodologies have been developed to insure U.S. Pat. No. 5,457.447 (Ghaem et al.). generation of tire location determinative signals without Such integrated tire electronics systems have convention regard to the installed orientation of the sensor Supporting ally been powered by a variety of techniques and different 45 substrate. power generation systems. Examples of mechanical features In accordance with yet still further aspects of certain for generating energy from tire movement are disclosed in embodiments, apparatus and methodologies are provided to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,061,200 (Thompson) and 3,760,351 (Tho provide long term histories of tire and/or vehicle operations. mas). Such examples provide bulky complex systems that are In accordance with yet further embodiments, apparatus generally not preferred for incorporation with modern tire 50 and methodologies are provided to regulate and/or control applications. Yet another option for powering tire electronics certain vehicle related operations based on various sensed systems is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,510,484 (Snyder), conditions. which concerns a piezoelectric power Supply symmetrically Additional objects and advantages of the present Subject configured about a radiating centerline of a tire. matter are set forthin, or will be apparent to, those of ordinary Another typical solution for powering tire electronics sys skill in the art from the detailed description herein. Also, it tems corresponds to the use of a non-rechargeable battery, 55 should be further appreciated that modifications and varia which inherently provides an inconvenience to the tire user tions to the specifically illustrated, referred and discussed since proper electronics system operation is dependent on features and elements hereof may be practiced in various periodic battery replacement. Conventional batteries also embodiments and uses of the invention without departing often contain heavy metals that are not environmentally from the spirit and scope of the Subject matter. Variations may friendly and which present disposal concerns, especially 60 include, but are not limited to, substitution of equivalent when employed in large quantities. Still further, batteries tend means, features, or steps for those illustrated, referenced, or to deplete their energy storage quite rapidly when powering discussed, and the functional, operational, or positional rever electronic applications characterized by complex levels of sal of various parts, features, steps, or the like. functionality. Battery storage depletion is especially preva Still further, it is to be understood that different embodi lent in electronic systems that transmit information over a 65 ments, as well as different presently preferred embodiments, relatively far distance such as from truck wheel locations to a of the present Subject matter may include various combina receiver in the truck cabin.
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