DOCSLIB.ORG

Carpenter Bee, Carpenter Bee

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Carpenter Bee, Carpenter Bee T & LASTS S FAST S KILL 3 MONTHS TO **** UP T ONTROLL IINDOORS U NTHS CON MON TO 12 M UP T ODOR FO NON-STAINING, NO RMULA INDOOR/OUTDOOR Carpenter Bee, Ant & Termite KILLER CONCENTRATE KILLS DAMAGING LISTED INSECTS & PREVENTS NEW INFESTATIONS PROTECTS YOUR HOME, DECK & OTHER WOOD STRUCTURES FROM LISTED WOOD-DESTROYING INSECTS 300521127-9/16 Active Ingredient: By Wt. KEEP OUT OF REACH Zeta-Cypermethrin* ...................................0.35% OF CHILDREN Other Ingredients: ...................................99.65% See Inside Back Booklet for Precautionary Statements, 100.00% First Aid and complete Directions For Use For Residential Indoor and Outdoor Uses, (*This product contains 0.03 pounds active ingredient per gallon.) including Home Perimeter. *Cis/trans ratio: Max. 75% (±) cis and min. 25% (±) trans NET CONTENTS: 1 QT (946 mL) **Listed Insects Open for Precautionary Statements, First Aid and Complete Directions For Use INDOOR/O UTDOOUTDO ORR Carpenter Bee, Ant & Termite KILLER CCOONCENTRANCENTRATE DIRECTIONS FOR USE It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING Where to Use Outdoor and home perimeter Kills Carpenter ants, Crazy Ants, Tawny Crazy Ants, termites, Carpenter bees, wood boring beetles and other listed wood-destroying pests When to Use To kill wood-destroying insects outside, including home perimeters, decks, wood piles, wood patios, wood sheds and other wooded structures. Where to Use Indoors Kills Ants Wasps & yellow jackets, bees, carpenter bees This product controls acrobat ants, Argentine ants, bigheaded ants, carpenter ants, cornfield ants, crazy ants, field ants, ghost ants, false honey ants, little black ants, odorous house ants, pavement ants, pyramid ants, thief ants, and velvety tree ants When to Use For Crack and Crevice and Spot Treatment for the above listed pests How to Use For Indoor Crack and Crevice and Spot Treatment: Spray for listed pests. Spray edges and cracks and crevices where insects may be. Directly spot treat listed pests when they are seen. Do not spray to point of runo. How Much To Kill Ants, earwigs, and other named pests: Dilute 4 fl. oz. per to Use gallon of water. 300521128 – 9/16 Distributed by: Central Garden & Pet, Garden Division 1000 Parkwood Circle, Suite 700 Atlanta, GA 30339 EPA Reg. No. 279-3347-90098 EPA Est. No. 67572-GA-1A, 67572-GA-2B, 70815-GA-1C Subscript used is first letter of Run Code on Container. 1-800-265-0761 | [email protected] | www.amdro.com Amdro Quick Kill, Central Garden & Pet, and Central Garden & Pet with design are trademarks of Central Garden & Pet Company. BOOKLET INSIDE 2.375" 2.375" DIRECTIONS FOR USE Mixing Instructions- It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. How Much to Use SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING This product is to be diluted with water for spray or brush application. USE RESTRICTIONS 1.) Fill sprayer with the desired volume of water and add AMDRO Quick Kill® Indoor / Outdoor Do not treat pets with this product. Carpenter Bee, Ant & Termite Killer Concentrate. Do not apply this product in a way that will contact adults, children, or pets, either directly or through drift. 2.) To prepare a 0.003% ready to use solution, dilute Do not allow adults, children, or pets to enter the 1.0 fluid ounce of this product per gallon of water. treated area until sprays have dried. 3.) Mix only the amount of solution needed for the application Remove pets, birds, and cover fish aquariums before spraying. 4.) Close and shake before use in order to ensure proper mixing. Avoid contamination of food and feedstuffs. Remove or cover exposed food and drinking water before application. Do not use in food handling establishments in which food is held, processed, prepared, and/or served. How to Use - Outdoors When used in the home, remove or cover dishes, uten- NUISANCE PESTS ON OUTDOOR SURFACES sils, food processing equipment, and food preparation surfaces or wash them before use. To Kill Ants, Earwigs, • Apply 0.003% solution to Do not apply directly to animals. and other named point of run-off by brush Do not use in aircraft. Pests on Outside or as a residual spray to Surfaces and Around vegetation such as bushes Buildings and trees around buildings All outdoor applications must be limited to spot or and other structures. 7.1383" crack-and-crevice treatments only, except for the NOTE: The application 7.85" • For ants, apply to any trails, following permitted uses: of this product to around doors and windows (1) Treatment to soil or vegetation around structures; vinyl and aluminum and other places where ants siding (particularly (2) Applications to lawns, turf, and other vegetation; may be found. lightly colored, aged, (3) Applications to building foundations, up to a weathered or otherwise • To prevent pests from maximum height of 3 feet. damaged) may result in entering buildings, apply staining, bleaching or 0.003% solution to a band Other than applications to building foundations, all discoloration. Factors of soil and vegetation 5 to outdoor applications to impervious surfaces such as such as extreme heat 10 feet wide around and sidewalks, driveways, patios, porches and structural and direct sunlight adjacent to the building. surfaces (such as windows, doors, and eaves) are can promote damage. Also, treat the building limited to spot and crack-and-crevice applications, Before applying this foundation to a height of only. product to vinyl or 2 to 3 feet where pests Do not water the treated area to the point of run-off. aluminum siding, are active and may find treat a small area and entrance. Apply as a coarse Do not make applications during rain. evaluate 30 minutes spray. Thoroughly and later to allow any uniformly wet the band area, Application is prohibited directly into sewers or drains, potential staining to using 1 gallon of spray mix or to any area like a gutter where drainage to sewers, occur. Regardless of per 1,000 square feet. storm drains, water bodies, or aquatic habitat can occur. the test results, do • The surface to be treated Do not allow this product to enter any drain during or not apply to vinyl or should be dry at the time after application. aluminum siding while of application. Attics and exposed to direct unoccupied lofts should be sunlight or during the treated at the same time heat of the day. and at the same rate. 2.875" 2.875" 2.375" 2.375" To Kill Carpenter Ants • Apply to carpenter ant How to Use - Indoors trails around doors and Outdoors Use to kill This product may be used windows and other and control as a general spot, crack and places where carpenter listed pests crevice treatment in nonfood ants have been observed commonly found areas. All areas where insects or are expected to forage. indoors or that inhabit or through which • For best results, locate and may enter from insects may enter should be treat carpenter ant nests. outdoor areas. treated. • Apply a perimeter treatment • Spray directly to pest and as described above. to areas where pests are • To protect firewood from found or hide. carpenter ants (and termites), • Use only in well apply to the soil beneath where ventilated areas and do the firewood will be stacked. Use not use as a space spray. 1 quart to treat 640 square feet. DO NOT treat firewood with this To Kill Ants Indoors • Apply to any trails, around product. doors and windows and • Not intended to replace structural other places where ants treatments. For termites – not may be found. This product recommended as sole protection will provide up to 9 months against termites. Such residual control (of ants) applications are not a substitute Treatment of Wood-in- • For the control of insects for mechanical alterations, soil or Place to Kill Exposed such as Termites, Ants and foundation treatment but merely Stages of Wood-In- Carpenter Ants in localized as a supplement. For active festing Insects areas of infested wood in 7.1383" infestations, get a professional and around structures, apply 7.85" inspection to voids and galleries in Treatment of • For the control of insects such damaged wood and in spaces Wood-in-Place to as Termites, Ants and Carpenter between wooden members Kill Exposed Stages Ants in localized areas of of a structure and between of Wood-Infesting infested wood in and around wood and foundations where Insects structures, apply to voids and wood is vulnerable. Not galleries in damaged wood intended to replace structural and in spaces between wooden treatments. members of a structure and between wood and foundations PESTS CONTROLLED where wood is vulnerable. Not Termites Rotting-wood termite family intended to replace structural such as Pacific Coast Termite; treatments. Subterranean termite family such as subterranean termites. Use this product as a spot or crack and crevice Not intended to replace treatment to localized areas where pests are seen or structural treatments. For suspected only. Spot treat surfaces until visibly wet. termites – not recommended Apply to listed pests directly, whenever possible. as sole protection against termites. Such applications are not a substitute for mechanical alterations, soil or foundation treatment but merely as a supplement. For active infestations, get a professional inspection. 2.875" 2.875" 2.375" 2.375" Earwigs Long-Horned Earwig such as Hister beetles; Rove family such as Beetle family such as Gold- Ring-legged Earwig, and-brown Rove Beetle and and Riparian Earwig; Pictured Rove Beetle; Carrion Common Earwig
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gall-Making Insects and Mites Michael Merchant*
    E-397 9/13 Gall-Making Insects and Mites Michael Merchant* A gall is an abnormal swelling of plant tissue. It can es associated with feeding, by insect or mite excre- be caused by mechanical injury or by several species tions, or simply by the presence of the insect or mite of insects, mites, nematodes, fungi and bacteria. In in or on the plant tissue. Once stimulated, the plant fact, there are more than 2,000 species of gall-making produces gall tissue to surround the egg or immature insects in the United States. The association between insect or mite. As it grows, the gall and the insect/mite the gall-making organism and the host plant is usu- use nutrients from the host plant. Gall makers may ally quite specific. Different organisms produce galls live within individual chambers or within commu- of characteristic size, shape and color. These visual nal chambers inside galls, depending on the species. characteristics are useful in species identification. This Mature galls stop growing and cease to use host plant publication has basic information on the biology and nutrients. The developing insects or mites remain pro- ecology of common gall-making insects and mites and tected inside mature galls, grazing on the ready food suggestions for managing galls. source. Gall Development Damage and Host Plants Galls usually occur on leaves and stems, but also Gall-making insects are generally not considered may occur on flowers, fruits, twigs, branches, trunks pests, and some galls are even considered attractive and roots. Some galls are easy to recognize and the and are used in flower arrangements and other crafts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inky Story of the Dinky Oak Gall
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research US Geological Survey 2014 The nkyI Story of the Dinky Oak Gall Ken Sulak research biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (Biological Resources), [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Geology Commons, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons, Other Earth Sciences Commons, and the Other Environmental Sciences Commons Sulak, Ken, "The nkI y Story of the Dinky Oak Gall" (2014). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 1066. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/1066 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Volume 31: Number 1 > 2014 The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Native Plant Society Palmetto The Inky Story of the Dinky Oak Gall ● A Native Celebration ● The Rebirth of Cape Florida Pea galls on live oak leaves (Quercus virginiana) induced by Belonocnema treatae, a gall wasp. The Inky Story of the Dinky Oak Gall Article and photos by Ken Sulak Spring in North Florida – and all those magnificent live oaks are sporting a bright new flush of green leaves. Last year’s old clothes, those worn out leaves now lie dry and brown on the forest floor. But look closely and you will soon notice that many of those leaves are decorated with rows or clusters of little round woody galls on their underside, like little brown pearls.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitoids, Hyperparasitoids, and Inquilines Associated with the Sexual and Asexual Generations of the Gall Former, Belonocnema Treatae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
    Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 109(1), 2016, 49–63 doi: 10.1093/aesa/sav112 Advance Access Publication Date: 9 November 2015 Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research article Parasitoids, Hyperparasitoids, and Inquilines Associated With the Sexual and Asexual Generations of the Gall Former, Belonocnema treatae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Andrew A. Forbes,1,2 M. Carmen Hall,3,4 JoAnne Lund,3,5 Glen R. Hood,3,6 Rebecca Izen,7 Scott P. Egan,7 and James R. Ott3 Downloaded from 1Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 ([email protected]), 2Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected], 3Population and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666 ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]), 4Current address: Science Department, Georgia Perimeter College, Decatur, GA 30034, 5Current address: 4223 Bear Track Lane, Harshaw, WI 54529, 6Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, and 7Department of BioSciences, Anderson Biological Laboratories, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 ([email protected], http://aesa.oxfordjournals.org/ [email protected]) Received 24 July 2015; Accepted 25 October 2015 Abstract Insect-induced plant galls are thought to provide gall-forming insects protection from predation and parasitism, yet many gall formers experience high levels of mortality inflicted by a species-rich community of insect natural enemies. Many gall-forming cynipid wasp species also display heterogony, wherein sexual (gamic) and asexual at Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst Library on March 14, 2016 (agamic) generations may form galls on different plant tissues or plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of Mompha Trithalama Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Momphidae
    Field Release of Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), for Biological Control of the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in Hawaii Final Environmental Assessment April 7, 2008 Agency contact: Dr. Neil J. Reimer, Manager Plant Pest Control Branch Hawaii Department of Agriculture 1428 South King Street Honolulu, HI 96814-2512 Phone: (808) 973-9522 Fax: (808) 973-9533 E-mail: [email protected] This Final Environmental Assessment (FEA) and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) was prepared by the HDOA Plant Quarantine Branch (approving agency) for the HDOA Plant Pest Control Branch (proposing agency) and submitted to the Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC), Department of Health, State of Hawaii, to comply with the provisions of Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 343, Environmental Impact Statements. The appendix of this FEA contains public comment in the form of five letters of correspondence, four of which were supportive of the Erythrina Gall Wasp Project and one which required a reply to address a question raised by the writer. As a result, this FEA is unchanged from the Draft EA. I. Proposed Action An application was submitted by the Plant Pest Control Branch, Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA), to the HDOA Plant Quarantine Branch, 1849 Auiki Street, Honolulu, HI 96819, for a permit to introduce Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) into the State of Hawaii under the provisions of Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 141, Department of Agriculture, and Chapter 150A, Plant and Non-Domestic Animal Quarantine. Eurytoma sp. will be used to control the erythrina gall wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, an invasive eulophid wasp that has devastated endemic and introduced erythrina trees in natural and landscaped areas in Hawaii.
    [Show full text]
  • Erythrina Gall Wasp
    State of Hawaii New Pest Advisory DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE No. 05-03 Updated December 2008 Erythrina Gall Wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Ronald A. Heu, Dick M. Tsuda*, Walter T. Nagamine, Juliana A. Yalemar and M. Tremblay Troy H. Suh Figure 1. Enlarged photo of an adult female erythrina gall wasp. Actual length of the female is 1.5 mm. The adult male wasp, not shown, measures 1.0 mm. Introduction. Samples of gall-damaged leaves and stems of the coral tree, Erythrina variegata L., were first collected in Manoa, Oahu, on April 19, 2005, by a University of Hawaii graduate student. The galls were found to have been induced by the larvae of a tiny wasp which was subsequently identified as the erythrina gall wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (family Eulophidae) by J. La Salle of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia. R. Heu Figure 2. Erythrina variegata leaves exhibiting light gall wasp Erythrina variegata, with its bright red flowers, is damage (left) compared with undamaged leaves (right). also known as tigers claw, Indian coral tree, and wiliwili-haole. It is a common landscape tree in Hawaii. A tall, columnar form of E. variegata, “Tropic Coral,” known locally as “tall erythrina” or “tall wiliwili,” is also used as a windbreak for soil and water conservation and for planting around farmsteads (Rotar et al. 1986). R. Heu T. Suh Figure 3. Erythrina petioles Figure 4. “Tall erythrina” * College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources and leaflets exhibiting severe trees with severe gall (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa gall wasp damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus Kuriphilus) in Italy
    Hindawi Psyche Volume 2018, Article ID 8078049, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8078049 Research Article Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) in Italy Tiziana Panzavolta ,1 Francesco Croci,1 Matteo Bracalini ,1 George Melika,2 Stefano Benedettelli,1 Guido Tellini Florenzano,1 and Riziero Tiberi1 1 Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy 2Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Ofce, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-Environment, Budaorsi¨ Str. 141-145, Budapest 1118, Hungary Correspondence should be addressed to Tiziana Panzavolta; [email protected] Received 30 November 2017; Revised 18 January 2018; Accepted 8 February 2018; Published 13 March 2018 Academic Editor: Juan Corley Copyright © 2018 Tiziana Panzavolta et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Native parasitoids may play an important role in biological control. Tey may either support or hinder the efectiveness of introduced nonnative parasitoids released for pest control purposes. Results of a three-year survey (2011–2013) of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) populations and on parasitism rates by native indigenous parasitoids (a complex of chalcidoid hymenopterans) in Italian chestnut forests are given. Changes in D. kuriphilus gall size and phenology were observed through the three years of study. A total of 13 species of native parasitoids were recorded, accounting for fuctuating parasitism rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Insects
    CY501-C11[407-467].qxd 3/2/05 12:56 PM Page 407 quark11 Quark11:Desktop Folder:CY501-Grimaldi:Quark_files: But, for the point of wisdom, I would choose to Know the mind that stirs Between the wings of Bees and building wasps. –George Eliot, The Spanish Gypsy 11HHymenoptera:ymenoptera: Ants, Bees, and Ants,Other Wasps Bees, and The order Hymenoptera comprises one of the four “hyperdi- various times between the Late Permian and Early Triassic. verse” insectO lineages;ther the others – Diptera, Lepidoptera, Wasps and, Thus, unlike some of the basal holometabolan orders, the of course, Coleoptera – are also holometabolous. Among Hymenoptera have a relatively recent origin, first appearing holometabolans, Hymenoptera is perhaps the most difficult in the Late Triassic. Since the Triassic, the Hymenoptera have to place in a phylogenetic framework, excepting the enig- truly come into their own, having radiated extensively in the matic twisted-wings, order Strepsiptera. Hymenoptera are Jurassic, again in the Cretaceous, and again (within certain morphologically isolated among orders of Holometabola, family-level lineages) during the Tertiary. The hymenopteran consisting of a complex mixture of primitive traits and bauplan, in both structure and function, has been tremen- numerous autapomorphies, leaving little evidence to which dously successful. group they are most closely related. Present evidence indi- While the beetles today boast the largest number of cates that the Holometabola can be organized into two major species among all orders, Hymenoptera may eventually rival lineages: the Coleoptera ϩ Neuropterida and the Panorpida. or even surpass the diversity of coleopterans (Kristensen, It is to the Panorpida that the Hymenoptera appear to be 1999a; Grissell, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Niche Modelling of Species of the Rose Gall Wasp Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on the Iberian Peninsula
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 118: 31–45, 2021 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2021.004 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ecological niche modelling of species of the rose gall wasp Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on the Iberian Peninsula SARA SARDÓN-GUTIÉRREZ 1, DIEGO GIL-TAPETADO 1, 2, JOSÉ F. GÓMEZ 1 and JOSÉ L. NIEVES-ALDREY 2 1 Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Diplolepis, species distribution modelling, gall-inducing wasps, Spain, Rosaceae, habitat complementarity Abstract. Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) are gall wasps that induce conspicuous galls on Rosa spp. (Rosaceae). These species are distributed globally and in Europe some are especially common and are founder organisms of biological communi- ties composed of different insects. However, the ecological niches of these species have not been studied in detail. We modelled the potential distributions of these species using the locations of the galls of the four most abundant species of Diplolepis on the Iberian Peninsula (Diplolepis mayri, Diplolepis rosae, Diplolepis eglanteriae and Diplolepis nervosa, the galls of latter two are in- distinguishable) using four different algorithms and identifi ed the resulting consensus for the species. We compared the potential distributions of these species, considering their spatial complementarity and the distributions of their host plants. We found that D.
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Torymus Sinensis, a Parasitoid of the Gallforming Dryocosmus Kuriphilus, to Olfactory and Visual Cues ⇑ Ignazio Graziosi, Lynne K
    Biological Control 67 (2013) 137–142 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Response of Torymus sinensis, a parasitoid of the gallforming Dryocosmus kuriphilus, to olfactory and visual cues ⇑ Ignazio Graziosi, Lynne K. Rieske Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Ag North, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA highlights graphical abstract T. sinensis is a parasite used for biological control of D. kuriphilus. Behavior of T. sinensis adult females was tested in a Y-tube olfactometer. Insects were not attracted to gall odor presented alone. T. sinensis responded negatively to a gall image presented alone. Wasps responded positively to olfactory and visual cues when presented together. article info abstract Article history: Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) has been manipulated extensively in biological control pro- Received 19 March 2013 grams targeting the globally invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Accepted 19 July 2013 Cynipidae). The life cycle of T. sinensis is synchronized with gall wasp larval development to allow effec- Available online 27 July 2013 tive gall wasp population suppression and a reduction in gall formation. In spite of its extensive use for biological control, relatively little is known about its host location and host acceptance behavior. We Keywords: investigated T. sinensis host location behavior using a Y-tube olfactometer. Adult females were tested Host location for their response to olfactory and visual cues associated with D. kuriphilus galls and chestnut foliage. Olfactometer Adult parasitoids were not attracted by the odor of fresh galls alone, and had a negative response to Asian chestnut gall wasp Biological control the visual cues of galls and chestnut foliage when odor cues were not provided.
    [Show full text]
  • The Population Biology of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
    5 Nov 2001 10:11 AR AR147-21.tex AR147-21.SGM ARv2(2001/05/10) P1: GSR Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2002. 47:633–68 Copyright c 2002 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF OAK GALL WASPS (HYMENOPTERA:CYNIPIDAE) Graham N. Stone,1 Karsten Schonrogge,¨ 2 Rachel J. Atkinson,3 David Bellido,4 and Juli Pujade-Villar4 1Institute of Cell, Animal, and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] 2Center of Ecology and Hydrology, CEH Dorset, Winfrith Technology Center, Winfrith Newburgh, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8ZD, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] 3Center for Conservation Science, Department of Biology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] 4Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words cyclical parthenogenesis, host alternation, food web, parasitoid, population dynamics ■ Abstract Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) are characterized by possession of complex cyclically parthenogenetic life cycles and the ability to induce a wide diversity of highly complex species- and generation-specific galls on oaks and other Fagaceae. The galls support species-rich, closed communities of inquilines and parasitoids that have become a model system in community ecology. We review recent advances in the ecology of oak cynipids, with particular emphasis on life cycle characteristics and the dynamics of the interactions between host plants, gall wasps, and natural enemies. We assess the importance of gall traits in structuring oak cynipid communities and summarize the evidence for bottom-up and top-down effects across trophic levels.
    [Show full text]
  • July 15, 2020) Vol
    Pest Update (July 15, 2020) Vol. 18, no. 23 John Ball, Forest Health Specialist SD Department of Agriculture, Extension Forester SD Cooperative Extension Email: [email protected] Phone: office 605-688-4737, cell 605-695-2503 Samples sent to: John Ball Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Department rm 314, Berg Agricultural Hall, Box 2207A South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007-0996 Note: samples containing living tissue may only be accepted from South Dakota. Please do not send samples of dying plants or insects from other states. If you live outside of South Dakota and have a question, please send a digital picture of the pest or problem. Available on the net at: http://sdda.sd.gov/conservation-forestry/forest-health/tree-pest-alerts/ Any treatment recommendations, including those identifying specific pesticides, are for the convenience of the reader. Pesticides mentioned in this publication are generally those that are most commonly available to the public in South Dakota and the inclusion of a product shall not be taken as an endorsement or the exclusion a criticism regarding effectiveness. Please read and follow all label instructions and the label is the final authority for a product’s use on a pest or plant. Products requiring a commercial pesticide license are occasionally mentioned if there are limited options available. These products will be identified as such, but it is the reader’s responsibility to determine if they can legally apply any products identified in this publication. Plant Development………..……………………………....…………………….. 2 Timely topic Emerald ash borer updates…………………………………………….. 2 Emerald ash borer NOT found in Emery Which direction do emerald ash borer spread? More EAB imposters Dog-days of summer……………………………………………..……… 4 Oak galls and woodpeckers…………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus Kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), Its Native Parasitoid Community and Association with Oak Gall Wasps in Slovenia
    Eur. J. Entomol. 112(4): 698–704, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.091 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), its native parasitoid community and association with oak gall wasps in Slovenia KATARINA KOS 1, EVA KRISTON 2 and GEORGE MELIKA2 1 Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, ACGW – Asian chestnut galls wasp, oak cynipids, parasitoid recruitment, native fauna, Slovenia Abstract. The Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is a global pest of chestnut trees. This pest was first recorded in Slovenia in 2005. Despite strict phytosanitary measures it was present throughout the country in native chestnut stands by 2013. We provide here the first overview of the parasitoids of ACGW in Slovenia recorded over a 4-year period and the direct interactions between parasitoid communities attacking hosts on chestnut and oaks at the same sites. A total of 27 species of native parasitoids that normally parasitize oak cynipids emerged from ACGW galls. The most abundant species were Torymus flavipes and Eupelmus urozonus. Seven species appear to be geographically well distributed in Slovenia. Twelve species of oak gall wasp were parasitized by 19 species of parasitoids. All native parasitoids have broad host ranges, so a large parasitoid diversity within this community can be expected. This is a novel study comparing the parasitoid communities associated with chestnut and oak galls.
    [Show full text]