Fellowship Programs change. He is also a Named in honor of NED’s principal founders, former president Ronald Reagan and seasoned journal- the late congressman Dante Fascell, the Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows Pro- ist whose writings gram was established in 2001 by the U.S. Congress to enable democratic activists, have appeared in policy makers, scholars, and journalists from around the world to deepen their un- La Parole, Nouvel derstanding of democracy and enhance their ability to promote democratic change. Echo, and Le Temps,

Reagan-Fascell fellowships are typically five months in duration and focus on the a he Dany Ayida political, social, economic, legal, and cultural aspects of democratic development. founded in 1999. Mr. Ayida remains an outspoken voice for In 2005–2006, the Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows Program hosted leading democratic human rights and democratization in Togo. activists, journalists, and scholars from countries in every region of the globe, including In 1996, he was recognized as the Togolese Argentina, Burma, , Iran, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Journalist of the Year, and in 1999 he was South , Togo, Turkey, the United States, Uganda, and Uzbekistan. runner-up for the CNN African Journalist of the Year Award. During his fellowship The Reagan-Fascell program seeks to deepen the knowledge, enrich the skills, broaden at NED, Mr. Ayida explored strategies for the perspectives, and strengthen the morale of some of the world’s most committed facilitating the transition from authoritar- and courageous democratic practitioners, journalists, and scholars. Fellows are in resi- ian rule to multiparty democracy in Togo. dence in Washington, D.C., at the International Forum for Democratic Studies, NED’s research and publications arm, which offers a collegial environment for fellows to con- Joel D. Barkan duct research and writing; to develop contacts and exchange ideas with counterparts in (United States) Washington’s policy, academic, media, and nongovernmental communities; and to build “Emerging Legislatures in ties that contribute to the development of a global network of democracy advocates. Emerging African Democracies” October 2005–July 2006 Through its outreach efforts, the Reagan-Fascell program seeks to connect its fellows Joel Barkan is professor emeritus of politi- with the media, policy, and academic communities in Washington, D.C. The Forum cal science and international programs at hosts a series of public presentations by the fellows and promotes contacts between the and senior associate fellows and experts in the U.S. Congress, the State Department, and other govern- at the Center for Strategic and International ment agencies, as well as at universities, think tanks, and media organizations. Studies in Washington, D.C. A widely rec- ognized expert on democratic transitions Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows 2005–2006 in East Africa, he is the author of numerous

The International Forum for Democratic Studies articles, books, and book chapters on Af- Dany Komla Ayida cal parties. A veteran activist for democratic rican politics, including Beyond Capitalism (Togo) reform in Togo, he founded and coordinat- versus Socialism in “Building Democracy on ed the Concertation Nationale de la Société and Tanzania the Ruins of Postcolonial Civile (CNSC), a network of prodemocracy (1994), “Uganda: Dictatorship” advocacy groups that observed Togo’s An African Success March–July 2006 2003 presidential election. In July 2003, he Past Its Prime” Dany Ayida most recently served as pro- launched a program named Alternative (Woodrow Wilson gram officer at NDI–Burkina Faso, where he Togo, which seeks to engage the Togolese Center, 2005), focused on capacity building among politi- diaspora in efforts to enact democratic “Kenya After Moi”

Joel Barkan

144 2006 NED Annual Report (Foreign Affairs,2004), and “The Many Ann Bernstein Dogu Ergil Faces of Africa: Democracy Across a Varied (South Africa) (Turkey) Continent” (Harvard International Review, “Business and its Role in “Democracy and Citizenship in 2002). Over the past three years, he and Newly Democratic Societies” Turkey: Assessing Youth Training several collaborators collected a large October 2005–February 2006 and the Role of Public Opinion” amount of data on the role of legislatures Ann Bernstein is founding director of the October 2005–February 2006 in transitional African democracies, which Center for Development and Enterprise, Dogu Ergil is chair of the department he drew upon during his fellowship as an independent policy research institute of political behavior and a professor of he prepared a book-length manuscript based in Johannesburg. A leading pro- political sociology at Ankara University in on the legislative experience and de- ponent of the importance of economic Turkey. He is also president and co-founder

mocratization in six African countries. growth in of the Centre for the Research of Societal Studies Democratic for Forum International The promoting Problems (TOSAM), based in Ankara. A Hossein Bashiriyeh democracy renowned expert on terrorism, European (Iran) and sustain- integration, and the Kurdish minority, Dr. “Political Mobilization and able devel- Ergil has written 21 books and dozens of Democratic Transitions” opment, she articles and November 2005–August 2006 previously research Hossein Bashiriyeh is an associate profes- served as an papers. He Ann Bernstein sor of political science executive has also at the University of director of the Urban Foundation, South served as Tehran, where he has Africa’s then-premier NGO, which had an advisor taught courses on been instrumental in using the power to Turkey’s subjects ranging from and influence of business to persuade former political mobiliza- the apartheid government to reform key ministers Dogu Ergil tion and develop- aspects of its approach to urbanization. A of inter- ment to theories of board member of the Development Bank nal and external affairs and as a special Hossein Bashiriyeh democratic transi- of Southern Africa between 1995 and 2001, advisor to the president of the Turkish tions since 1982. He is the author of 15 she has published extensively on business, Chambers of Commerce and Industry. books, including (in English) The State and democracy, development, and policy-mak- In 2004, TOSAM took on the challenging Revolution in Iran (1984) and (in Persian) ing in South Africa, including the books work of putting together a comprehen- Transition to Democracy (2005), The Politi- Migration and Refugee Policies (with M. sive youth democracy training program, cal Sociology of Iran (2001), Obstacles to Weiner, 1999), Business and Democracy: which was tested among high school Political Development in Iran (2000), and Cohabitation or Contradiction? (with Peter and university students in southeastern The Kingdom of Reason (1995). During his L. Berger, 1998), and Policy Making in A New Turkey. During his fellowship, Dr. Ergil com- fellowship at NED, he examined the role Democracy: South Africa’s Challenges for pleted this project by preparing a training of political oppositions in moving from the 21st Century. During her fellowship, Ms. manual, tentatively titled Democracy and “transitional situations” to “actual transi- Bernstein researched the role of business in Effective Citizenship Training: A Hand- tions,” comparing cases of successful and society, especially in developing countries, book. He also worked on a monograph unsuccessful democratic transitions in the and the impact of corporations on social, concerning citizens’ attitudes toward last quarter of the twentieth century. economic, and democratic processes. secular and religious politics in Turkey.

2006 NED Annual Report 145 Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr. Elena Gerasimova Guillermo Jorge (United States) (Russia) (Argentina) “Attempted Democratic “Social and Labor Rights “Bridging the North and South Breakthroughs in Advocacy in Russia” Anticorruption Agendas” Postcommunist Societies” March–July 2006 April–August 2006 September–January 2006 Elena Gerasimova is director and co- Guillermo Jorge is a lawyer currently Charles Fairbanks most recently served founder of the Center for Social and Labor working in as director of the Central Asia-Caucasus Rights, an anticorrup- Institute at the Paul H. Nitze School of Ad- NGO that tion and as- vanced International Studies of the Johns promotes set recovery Hopkins University in Washington, D.C. economic programs His areas of expertise include the politics equity, civil for different of Russia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus, rights, and Latin Ameri- strategic and security issues in the region; labor rights can govern-

and human rights and democratization. He in Russia. ments and Guillermo Jorge Elena Gerasimova is the author A leading international of The Allure labor attorney who advocates improved institutions. He is also a professor of law at of Summits wages and working conditions for Russian the Universidad de San Andres in Buenos (2000) and citizens and assists trade unions to defend Aires, Argentina. Mr. Jorge worked for numerous their rights, she is also a specialist in laws several years with renowned attorney Luis articles, regulating civil procedure and freedom Moreno Ocampo as a partner in Moreno including of association. She has lectured on labor Ocampo’s law firm. Mr. Jorge litigated “Georgia’s law at Moscow State University and the several cases before the Inter-American Rose Charles Fairbanks All-Russian Academy for International Trade Commission of Human Rights. Considered Revolution” and has published widely on the subject. “one of the experts in the region in asset (Journal of Democracy, April 2004), “Disil- During her fellowship, Dr. Gerasimova recovery,” he has served as pro bono legal lusionment in the Caucasus and Central compared Russian and U.S. approaches to adviser for Transparency International Asia” (Journal of Democracy, October 2001), preventing discrimination in labor relations and Poder Ciudadano. During his fellow- “Gorbachev’s Cultural Revolution,” (Com- and dispute resolution and explored the ship, Mr. Jorge laid the groundwork for mentary, August 1989), and “The Soviet U.S. legal community’s relationship with establishing a research center in Argentina Tragedy: A History of Socialism in Russia labor NGOs, including the relationships that focuses on the issue of corruption.

The International Forum for Democratic Studies 1917–1991” (Commentary, 1994). During of American NGOs with governmental He also produced a policy memoran- his fellowship, he conducted a compara- bodies, how legal experts provide counsel dum on asset recovery issues for Latin tive study of democratic breakthroughs in to NGOs, and how NGOs work to accom- American law enforcement agencies. the postcommunist world, a project that modate international guidelines governing culminated in the publication of his article, human rights. Her research culminated “Revolution Reconsidered,” in the January in a strategy memorandum aimed at 2007 issue of the Journal of Democracy. guiding the Center for Social and Labor Rights in its future activities and work.

146 2006 NED Annual Report Nozima Kamalova Miria Matembe Penda Mbow (Uzbekistan) (Uganda) (Senegal) “Civil Rights and the War “Strengthening Women’s “Citizenship and the Against Terror in Uzbekistan” Democratic Participation Separation of Islam and October 2005–March 2006 in Uganda” the State in Senegal” Nozima Kamalova is founding chair of March–July 2006 October 2005–February 2006 the Legal Aid Society of Uzbekistan (LAS), Miria Matembe has been at the forefront Penda Mbow is associate professor of a leading nongovernmental organization of the struggle for women’s rights in Ugan- history at Cheikh Anta Diop University in that safeguards and promotes the rule of da for over two decades. Until recently Dakar, where law and human rights in Uzbekistan by a member of Uganda’s parliament, she she has investigating served as Uganda’s minister for ethics and published

high profile integrity from 1998 to 2003, when she was widely on Studies Democratic for Forum International The human appointed to the Pan-African Parliament, African rights abuses an initiative of the African Union. She has political and provid- held a number of previous appointments, and social ing free legal including chairperson of Action for Devel- issues, often Penda Mbow services to opment, focusing on the poor. Uganda’s the role of Islam in Africa. She previously Nozima Kamalova Under Ms. leading served as Senegal’s minister of culture Kamalova’s direction, LAS also works with women’s and as cultural advisor to the Senegalese a number of respected international hu- advocacy department of ethnography and his- man rights organizations, such as Human organization; torical heritage. Dr. Mbow has received Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and member of numerous academic awards, including a Human Rights First. A highly respected the Uganda Fulbright grant to study at Michigan State Miria Matembe attorney who has been on the frontlines Constitu- University and a Rockefeller Foundation of the struggle for human rights and tional Commission; and deputy award for research at the Bellagio Center democracy in Uzbekistan, Ms. Kamalova secretary of the seventh Pan-African Con- in Italy. In recognition of her achievements has been instrumental in the revision of gress (held in Kampala in 1990). She is the as a scholar, thinker, and political activ- several Uzbek laws related to torture and author of Miria Matembe: Gender, Politics, ist, she was named Chevalier de la Légion human rights. Her lobbying activities have and Constitution Making in Uganda (2002) d’Honneur Française in 2003 and Com- influenced a large number of policies and and of several articles on women in politics. mandeur de l’Ordre National du Mérite in legislation adopted both internationally During her fellowship, she conducted a 1999. Among her many areas of expertise and in Uzbekistan. During her fellowship, comparative study of women’s involve- are African intellectual history and Islamic Ms. Kamalova explored the impact of se- ment in the political affairs of different gender studies. During her fellowship, Dr. curity measures in the “war against terror” democracies and wrote a blueprint for Mbow researched the evolution of Islam’s on democratic freedoms and civil rights. the establishment of a center promoting relationship with democracy in Senegal, as women’s participation in Ugandan politics. well as the interplay between women, hu- man rights, and religion in Islamic societies.

2006 NED Annual Report 147 Grigorij Meseznikov Vandita Mishra Alina Mungiu Pippidi (Slovakia) (India) (Romania) “The Role of Think Tanks in “Democracy and the Party “A Democratic Agenda Democratic Transitions and in System: Possibilities and for State Building” Democratic Policy Making” Constraints of India’s October 2005–February 2006 March–July 2006 Party System” Alina Mungiu Pippidi is director of the Grigorij Meseznikov is the president and March–July 2006 Romanian Academic Society, one of program director of the Institute for Public Vandita Mishra is a journalist and member Romania’s foremost think tanks and a lead- Affairs (IVO), widely considered one of of the lead editorial team with the Indian ing policy advocacy group in the region. Slovakia’s most influential think tanks. In Express, one of India’s most prominent She is an analyst for Freedom House’s an- addition to editing A Global Report on the English-language daily . As nual Nations in Transit survey for Romania, State of Society, IVO’s annual scorecard on the newspaper’s senior assistant editor, in addition to serving as a consultant to the Slovak democracy, for the last ten years, Mr. she writes a United Nations Development Programme Meseznikov also contributed to Freedom weekly op- in the Balkans and to the World Bank in the House’s Na- ed column Caucasus. Internationally recognized as one tions in Tran- called “Us of Romania’s sit from 1999 and Them,” most original to 2004. He which exam- thinkers, was a senior ines foreign she has researcher media, as produced Vandita Mishra of political well as an countless science and occasional books and Grigorij Meseznikov interna- column on political issues for the editorial articles on Alina Mungiu Pippidi tional rela- page. Prior to joining , she Central tions at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, served as assistant editor at the Pioneer, European politics, as well as a critically ac- where he published numerous articles another English-language daily, where she claimed play. In the fall of 2004, Dr. Mungiu that pushed for democratic reforms. He wrote a biweekly column for the editorial Pippidi helped initiate the Coalition for also served as a member of the advisory page. Her articles touch on a wide range a Clean Parliament, an anticorruption board to the Democratic Party, a center- of political issues and have also appeared campaign that sought to discourage the right political party that was part of the in the Times, , and election of politicians with a record of

The International Forum for Democratic Studies coalition that brought down the Meciar the journal Seminar. During her fellow- corruption. During her fellowship, she regime in 1998. During his fellowship, Mr. ship, Ms. Mishra conducted a comparative wrote a paper on anticorruption and Meseznikov examined the ways in which study of political party systems, with a public integrity campaigns within the think tanks in advanced democracies particular focus on India’s party system broader framework of state-building. influence the policy-making process in and the cultivation of norms govern- order to apply lessons learned to Slovakia. ing relations between parties when they unite to form coalition governments. Her project culminated in the publication of a series of articles in the Indian Express.

148 2006 NED Annual Report Andrei Piontkovsky Aasiya Riaz Tin-May (Judy) Thein (Russia) (Pakistan) (Burma) “Russian Political Elites and the “How Think Tanks and “Civil Society and the Democracy Challenge of the 21st Century” Other Research Centers Movement in Burma” October 2005–February 2006 Strengthen Democracy” March–August 2006 Andrei Piontkovsky has served as direc- March–July 2006 Tin-May (Judy) Thein was, until her retire- tor of the Center for Strategic Research in Aasiya Riaz is founding director of the ment in 2005, a political specialist at the Moscow, a Russian think tank that endeav- Pakistan Institute for Legislative Develop- U.S. Embassy in Rangoon where she ana- ors to support Russia’s political develop- ment and Transparency (PILDAT), an inde- lyzed and interpreted local political, eco- ment through research and consultation pendent, nonpartisan research institution nomic, and social developments for the U.S. on a wide range of reform issues, from the established to strengthen democratic gov- mission and supported the promotion of Studies Democratic for Forum International The rule of law to economic policy. He has also ernance, monitor legislative performance, human rights and democracy in Burma. As been a columnist for a number of Russian and enhance the embassy’s senior-most local employee, publications, including the Moscow Times, public she served as a vital link between the U.S. Novaya Gazetta, Russia Journal, and the participation embassy and Burmese political groups, online journal Grani.ru, as well as a regular in policy- evaluating political commentator for the BBC World making in and relaying Service and Radio Liberty in Moscow. A Pakistan. She information renowned has been essential to Russian po- involved in the formula- litical analyst Aasiya Riaz conceptual- tion of U.S. and one izing and foreign of Russia’s implementing a wide range of PILDAT’s policy to- foremost programs and activities, including capac- ward Burma. Tin-May (Judy) Thein political ity-building workshops for legislators, the A steadfast commen- formulation of issue-based caucuses across proponent of democratic change in her Andrei Piontkovsky tators, Dr. parties, and the publication of democracy country, Ms. Thein won the U.S. Depart- Piontkovsky has been a consistent and reports on policy issues. She previously ment of State’s Foreign Service National outspoken critic of Putin’s model of “man- worked as an editorial writer for the Nation, of the Year Award in 1998 and its Meri- aged” democracy. His articles on inter- a leading English-language newspaper, torious Honor Award in 1997 and 2001. national affairs and post-Soviet political and as deputy editor of Pakistan Calling, Ms. Thein spent her fellowship exploring development have been widely published an international monthly magazine. Dur- strategies for strengthening civil society and cited by Russian, European, and U.S. ing her fellowship, she studied U.S. think and the Burmese democracy movement, media. During his fellowship, he explored tanks and the Congressional Research including ways in which the international U.S. policy toward Russia and its implica- Service to consider their contribution to community may assist in their efforts. tions for democracy promotion in Russia. the democratic process in America. Based on her findings, she wrote a series of articles on the role of research institutions in deepening democracy in Pakistan.

2006 NED Annual Report 149 Visiting Fellows Program joining the Stanford faculty, he worked for two years as a senior In addition to the Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows Program, associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s the International Forum for Democratic Studies hosts a small Carnegie Moscow Center. One of the world’s leading scholars Visiting Fellows Program for scholars and practitioners with on Russian and U.S.-Russian affairs, Dr. McFaul has authored outside funding who wish to be affiliated with the Forum. or coauthored numerous books and monographs, including Between Dictatorship and Democracy: Russian Post-Communist Michael McFaul, Political Reform (2004) and Russia’s Unfinished United States Revolution: Political Change from Gorbachev Visiting Fellow (nonresidential) to Putin (2001). His most recent research has October 2005–July 2006 focused on a comparative study of countries International Dimensions of that have undergone successful democratic Democratic Breakthroughs breakthroughs and those that have not, pay- Michael McFaul is associate professor of political ing special attention to the role external actors science at Stanford University, where he is also have played in shaping political outcomes. a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. Prior to Michael McFaul

International Forum for Democratic Studies Research Council

Lahouari Addi Ladan Boroumand Gerald Curtis Abdou Filali-Ansary Institut d’Etudes Politiques Abdorrahman Boroumand Columbia University Institute for the Study of Muslim (France) Foundation for the Promotion of Civilizations (United Kingdom) Human Rights and Democracy Robert Dahl Muthiah Alagappa in Iran Yale University Steven Friedman East-West Center Institute for Democracy in Michael Bratton Francis Deng South Africa Abdulahi An-Na’im Michigan State University Brookings Institution Emory University Francis Fukuyama Daniel Brumberg Nikiforos Diamandouros Johns Hopkins School of Lisa Anderson Georgetown University National Center for Advanced International Studies Columbia University Social Research (Greece) Janusz Bugajski Sumit Ganguly Pauline Baker Center for Strategic and Denise Dresser Indiana University The Fund for Peace International Studies Instituto Tecnológico

The International Forum for Democratic Studies Autónomo de México Louis W. Goodman Shaul Bakhash Zora Bútorová American University George Mason University Institute for Public Affairs John B. Dunlop (Slovakia) Stanford University E. Gyimah-Boadi Joel D. Barkan Center for Democracy and University of Iowa Yun-han Chu Donald Emmerson Development (Ghana) National Taiwan University Stanford University Peter L. Berger Stephan Haggard Boston University Michael Coppedge João Carlos Espada University of California at University of Notre Dame Portuguese Catholic University San Diego Nancy Bermeo Wayne Cornelius Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr. Chaibong Hahm University of California Hudson Institute University of Southern California at San Diego

150 2006 NED Annual Report Peter Hakim R. William Liddle Joan M. Nelson Andreas Schedler Inter-American Dialogue Ohio State University Woodrow Wilson International Center for Research and Center for Scholars Economic Education (Mexico) John Harbeson Arend Lijphart City University of New York University of California at Ghia Nodia Philippe Schmitter San Diego Caucasus Institute for Peace, Instituto Universitario Europeo Harry Harding Democracy, and Development (Italy) George Washington University Juan J. Linz (Georgia) Yale University Stephen Sestanovich Iliya Harik Guillermo O’Donnell Columbia University Indiana University Abraham F. Lowenthal University of Notre Dame University of Southern California Lilia Shevtsova Jonathan Hartlyn Martha Brill Olcott Carnegie Moscow Center (Russia) University of North Carolina Scott Mainwaring Carnegie Endowment for University of Notre Dame International Peace Richard L. Sklar

Steven Heydemann University of California at Studies Democratic for Forum International The Georgetown University Kanan Makiya Ergun Özbudun Los Angeles Brandeis University Bilkent University (Turkey) Donald L. Horowitz Aleksander Smolar Duke University Vincent Maphai Thomas Pangle The Stefan Batory Foundation South African Breweries University of Texas (Poland) Samuel P. Huntington Harvard University José María Maravall Minxin Pei Stephen John Stedman Instituto Juan March Carnegie Endowment for Stanford University International Peace Saad Eddin Ibrahim de Estudios e Investigaciones Ibn Khaldoun Center for Devel- (Spain) Nathan Tarcov opment Studies (Egypt) Adam Przeworski University of Chicago Cynthia McClintock New York University Richard Joseph George Washington University Vladimir Tismaneanu Northwestern University Robert Putnam University of Maryland at Michael McFaul Harvard University College Park Adrian Karatnycky Stanford University Orange Circle Peter Reddaway Elizabeth Ungar Fatima Mernissi George Washington University Congreso Visible (Colombia) Ibrahim Karawan Mohamed V University University of Utah (Morocco) Pearl T. Robinson Ashutosh Varshney Tufts University University of Michigan Terry Lynn Karl Leonardo Morlino Stanford University Universita degli Studi di Firenze Anibal Romero Nicholas van de Walle (Italy) Simón Bolívar University (Venezuela) Byung-kook Kim Korea University Alina Mungiu-Pippidi Laurence Whitehead Romanian Academic Society Richard Rose Oxford University University of Aberdeen Atul Kohli (Scotland) Princeton University Joshua Muravchik Jan Zielonka American Enterprise Institute Oxford University Jacques Rupnik Ivan Krastev Fondation Nationale des Centre for Liberal Strategies Yasmeen Murshed Sciences Politiques (France) (Bulgaria) Center for Analysis & Choice (Bangladesh) Chai-Anan Samudavanija Bolívar Lamounier Chaiyong Limthongkul Augurium Consulting (Brazil) Andrew J. Nathan Columbia University Foundation (Thailand) Peter Lewis Robert A. Scalapino Johns Hopkins School of Ad- University of California at vanced International Studies Berkeley

2006 NED Annual Report 151