DOCSLIB.ORG

Absorption of Drugs, 14-15 Elderly And, 320-321 Abstinence Syndrome In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Absorption of Drugs, 14-15 Elderly And, 320-321 Abstinence Syndrome In Index Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, 146- Akathisia (cont.) 149 symptom, 140 Absorption of drugs, 14-15 treatment of, 140-141 elderly and, 320-321 Akinesia, elderly, 328; see also Parkinson's Abstinence syndrome syndrome in alcohol abuse, 272-274 Akineton®: see Biperiden in cocaine abuse, 281 Alanon, 278, 279 major, 274 Alateen, 278, 279 minor, 272-273 Alcohol in psychoactive substance use disorders , 244 dependence, 269 self-treatment, 273 pharmacology, 268-269 Acetylcholine, 334 tolerance, 269 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: see Alcohol abuse, 267-279 AIDS abstinence syndrome, 272-274 Acute dystonie reactions, 138-139 acute intoxieation, 270-271 antipsychotic drugs and, 138-139 alcoholic hallucinosis, 272-273, 275 diagnosis of, 138 alcohol idiosyncratic intoxication, 270-271 mechanism in, 139 behavioral treatment, 277-278 symptoms, 138 chronie intoxication, 271-272 treatment of, 139 definition of, 268 Adalat®: see Nifedipine delirium tremens, 274 Addiction: see Psychoactive substance use disor­ disease related to, 272 ders; Substance abuse disulfirarn treatment, 275-277 Adolescents fetal alcohol syndrome, 272 affective disorders, 373-374 halfway houses, 279 sleep disorders, 379, 380 insomnia and, 224 Adult Children of Alcoholics, 279 nervous system effects, 271 Aerosols: see Inhalants panic disorder and, 187 Affective disorders, children, 360, 373-374; see patterns of drinking in, 268 also Bipolar affective disorder; Depression postwithdrawal syndrome, 273 Aggression, children, 356, 361, 362 psychotherapy, 278 Agoraphobia, 187 psychotropic drug treatment, 277 Agranulocytosis risk factors in, 268 antidepressants, 44 self-help groups, 278-279 antipsychotic drugs, 161 withdrawal syndrome, 272-274 AIDS, opioid addiction and, 252, 253 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 278, 283 Akathisia, 140-141 Alcoholism: see Alcohol abuse antipsychotie drugs and, 140 Aldactone®: see Spironolactone children, 355, 374 Aldomet®: see Methyldopa elderly, 328 Aliphatic, 134 487 488 Index Cl l acid glycoprotein (AAGP) binding, 321 Antianxiety drugs (cont.) Cl-blockers, 68 generalized anxiety, 210-215 Alprazolam, 5, 40,191,196,206,208-209, obsessive compulsive disorder, 215 260, 335, 358, 399, 471; see also panic attacks, 207-210 Benzodiazepines patient evaluation, 206-207 Amantadine, 140, 143, 283, 355 phobic disorder, 210 Amiloride, 106 posttraumatic stress disorder, 215-216 Aminophylline, 110 propanediols, 203 Amitriptyline, 40, 62, 64, 75, 158,237,325, substance abuser and, 197, 215 327, 336, 349, 394, 427, 435, 447, 448 Antiarrhythmic activity, antidepressants, 47 Amobarbital, 202, 231, 259 Anticholinergic effects, 135, 139, 140, 143, Amotivational syndrome, marijuana abuse, 305 145, 151, 152, 155-156, 158 Amoxapine, 38, 42, 43, 50, 63, 64, 133, 349, anticholinesterase therapy, 59-60 435; see also Antidepressants antidepressants, 43, 49, 59-60 Amphetamine abuse antiparkinson drugs, 140, 142-143 acute intoxication, 286-287 drugs and elderly, 327, 330 management of toxicity, 286-287 Anticonvulsants, 273-274, 333; see also Car­ patterns of, 285 bamazepine; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; psychosis induced by, 287 Primidone withdrawal syndrome, 285, 287 adverse effects, 363, 364 Amphetamines, 68, 283-287, 341, 344, 345, children, 362-365 347,435 concomitant use, 364 chemical structure, 284 control of interictal behavior syndrome, 433 crystal, 285 guidelines for use, 432 dependence, 284-285 for nonepileptic conditions, 433-434 derivatives, 284 for psychosis, 433 effects of, 284 seizure disorders, 432-434 IV use, 285 Antidepressants, see also Cyclic antidepressants medical uses of, 285 anorexia nervosa, 445-446, 451-453 pharmacology, 284 anxiety, 205, 207-209, 215 tolerance, 284-285, 286 bipolar disorder, 118 Amytal®: see Amobarbital borderline disorders, 466-467 Anafranil®: see Clomipramine bulimia nervosa, 441, 448, 452-453 Anectine®: see Succinylcholine dysthymia, 81 Angel dust: see Phencyclidine history of use, 37-40 Anger, borderline patients, 469 insomnia, 237 Anorexia nervosa, 439-441, 446-448, 450-452 physician liability and, 479-480 antidepressants, 445-446, 451-453 resistance to, 83-85 criteria for hospitalization, 445 seizure disorders, 434-436 diagnostic criteria in, 440 Antihistamines, 224 drug therapies, 446-448, 451-452 for anxiety, 200-202 etiology of, 442-443 for insomnia, 231 medical complications of, 441 Antilirium®: see Physostigmine profile of anorectic, 439, 441 Antiparkinson agents, 140, 142-143,323; see resistance to treatment, 450 also specific drugs treatment of, 443-445 Antipsychotic drugs, 128-176,305 Antabuse®: see Disulfiram acute treatment, 167-169 Antianxiety drugs adverse effects, 135, 138-162 antidepressants, 205, 207-209, 215 amphetamine withdrawal, 287 antihistamines, 200-202 for anxiety, 205 antipsychotic drugs, 205 behavioral effects, 129-130 anxiety treatment with other syndromes, 216 bipolar disorders, 92, 96-97, 120 barbiturates, 202-203 children, 353-356, 374-375, 376 benzodiazepines, 190-199,210-215,216 classes/chemical structure, 133-135 ß-blockers, 203-206, 210, 215 continuation therapy, 169-170 buspirone, 199-200, 215 dosage, 136-137, 168 children, 358-359, 376 drug interactions , 164-165 Index 489 Antipsychotic drugs (cont.) Autism, 360, 375-376 guidelines for use, 135 drug treatment, 359-360 historical view, 128-129 Autonomie effects insornnia, 237 antidepressants, 51-54 maintenance therapy, 170-174 antipsychotics, 132 mechanism of action, 130-133 Autonomous anxiety, 179 medical screening, 165-166 Aversion therapy, alcohol abuse, 277 new drugs, 174-175 Avoidant disorder, children, 370 overdose, 163-164 pharmacokinetics, 136-138 Baclofen, 152 during pregnancy, 162, 392-393 Barbiturates, 322 seizure disorders, 434, 436 abuse of, 259 terms related to, 129 adverse effects, 203 withdrawal syndrome, 162-163 for anxiety, 202-203 Anxiety, see also Antianxiety drugs drug interactions , 203 adjustment disorder, 190 historical view, 3 autonomous anxiety, 179 overdose, 202-203 avoidant disorder, 370 Behavioral model, anxiety, 182 behavioral model, 182 Behavioral teratogenesis, psychotropic drugs biological model, 181-182 and, 390-391 children, 352, 358-359, 361, 362, 370- Behavioral treatment 371 alcohol abuse, 277-278 definition of, 179 cocaine abuse, 283 differential diagnosis, 183-185 depression, 33 elderly, treatment of, 334-335 insomnia, 223, 224 generalized anxiety disorder, 188-189 marijuana abuse, 306 medical screening, 184 Benadryl®: see Diphenhydramine obsessive compulsive disorder, 189 Benzodiazepines, 164, 167, 190-199, 206, organic causes, 12 210-215,216,321, 322 overanxious disorder, 370-371 abuse of, 197,259-260,261-262 panic attacks, 179-180, 185-186 adverse effects, 197, 226 panic disorder, 182, 185-187 alcohol withdrawal, 273 pathological anxiety, 179 anxiety, 190-199,210-215,216,334- phobie disorder, 183, 187-188 335 posttraumatic stress disorder, 189-190 chemical structure, 191-192 during pregnancy, 397-399 choosing specific drug, 213-215 psychological model, 182-183 classification of, 335 separation anxiety disorder, 370 common types of, 191 symptoms of, 180 dosage, 196 Anxiolytic drugs, 277; see also Central nervow drug interactions, 198-199 system depressant abuse elderly and, 334-335, 336 Aramine®: see Metaraminol insomnia, 225-229 Arrhythmias kinetics, 194-196 antipsychotic drugs, 157 long-term use, 225 drugs and elderly, 330 mechanism of action, 194 Artane®: see Trihexyphenidyl nonpsychiatrie uses, 199 Asendin®: see Amoxapine pharmacological effects, 191-194 Assertiveness training, alcohol abuse, 278 during pregnancy, 398-399 Atarax®: see Hydroxyzine social phobia, 210 Athenol®: see Theobromine receptors, 181 Ativan®: see Lorazepam temporolimbic epilepsy, 431 Atropine, 321 withdrawal syndrome, 194, 197-198 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Benztropine, 50, 139, 140, 143 children, 344-348, 365-369 ß blockers, 68 drug treatment, 285, 365, 369 adverse effects, 204-205 symptoms, 365 anxiety, 203-206, 210, 215 Aura, seizures and, 408 children,361-362 490 Index ß blockers (cant.) Borderline disorders (cant.) dosage, 204 sex bias in, 459-460 elderly and, 332-333 subtypes, 458, 465 Bethanechol, 52, 155 Bradykinesia: see Parkinson's syndrome Bicillin®: see Penicillin Brain damage, inhalant abuse and, 299 Biogenic amine deficit, depression, 25 Breast feeding, psychotropic drugs and, 391, Biological diagnosis, depression, 29-30 399-400 Biological models Brevital®: see Methohexital anxiety, 181-182 Bromides, 37 depression, 25-26 historical view, 3 eating disorders, 442 Bromocriptine, 142, 283 Biperiden, 139, 140 Bulimia nervosa, 441, 448, 452-453 Bipolar affective disorder, 91-121; see also antidepressants, 445-446, 451-453 Lithium diagnostic criteria, 440 clinical presentation, 93-94 drug therapies, 448-450, 452-453 course of illness, 94 medical complications, 441-442 depressive episodes, 29, 80, 93, 94, 118-119 profile of bulimic, 441 diagnosis of, 111 resistance to treatment, 452, 453 drug treatment, types of, 96-97, 120-121 Buprenorphine, opioid detoxification, 251 elderly, treatment of, 338 Bupropion, 6, 39, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49, 51, 54, electroconvulsive therapy, 94-95, 118-119 63,64,97, 118,208,435 hypomania, 91, 92, 93, 116-117 BuSpar®: see Buspirone lithium, 91-92, 96-120 Buspirone, 199-200,206,215,333 manic episodes, 91, 92, 93, 94,114-116, dosage, 200 120-121 effectiveness, 199-200 mood swing patterns, 92-93 insornnia, 238 patient concerns about, 113 Butazolidin®: see Phenylbutazone pregnancy and, 393-394, 395-397 Butyrophenones, 133, 134, 137 psychotherapy, 94-95 rapid cyclers,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Background to the Celebration of Herbert D. Kleber (1904 -2018) by Thomas A
    1 Background to the Celebration of Herbert D. Kleber (1904 -2018) by Thomas A. Ban By the mid-1990s the pioneering generation in neuropsychopharmacology was fading away. To preserve their legacy the late Oakley Ray (1931-2007), at the time Secretary of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP), generated funds from Solway Pharmaceuticals for the founding of the ACNP-Solway Archives in Neuropsychopharmacology. Ray also arranged for the videotaping of interviews (mainly by their peers) with the pioneers, mostly at annual meetings, to be stored in the archives. Herbert Kleber was interviewed by Andrea Tone, a medical historian at the Annual Meeting of the College held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on December 7, 2003 (Ban 2011a; Kleber 2011a). The endeavor that was to become known as the “oral history project” is based on 235 videotaped interviews conducted by 66 interviewers with 213 interviewees which, on the basis of their content, were divided and edited into a 10-volume series produced by Thomas A. Ban, in collaboration with nine colleagues who were to become volume editors. One of them, Herbert Kleber, was responsible for the editing of Volume Six, dedicated to Addiction (Kleber 2011b). The series was published by the ACNP with the title “An Oral History of Neuropsychopharmacology Peer Interviews The First Fifty Years” and released at the 50th Anniversary Meeting of the College in 2011 (Ban 2011b). Herbert Daniel Kleber was born January 19, 1934, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His family’s father’s side was from Vilnius, Lithuania, and the Mother’s side was from Germany. Both families came to the United State during the first decade of the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Opioid Antagonist Treatment for Opioid Addiction
    Advances in Opioid Antagonist Treatment for Opioid Addiction a, a b Walter Ling, MD *, Larissa Mooney, MD , Li-Tzy Wu, ScD KEYWORDS • Addiction treatment • Depot naltrexone • Opioid dependence • Relapse KEY POINTS • The major problem with oral naltrexone is noncompliance. Administration of naltrexone as an intramuscular injection may be less onerous and improve compliance because it occurs only once a month (ie, extended-release depot naltrexone). • To initiate treatment with extended-release depot naltrexone, steps should be taken to ensure that the patient is sufficiently free from physical dependence on opioids (eg, detoxification). • Research on naltrexone in combination with other medications suggests many opportu- nities for studying mixed receptor activities in the treatment of opioid and other drug addictions. PERSPECTIVE ON OPIOID ANTAGONIST TREATMENT FOR ADDICTION Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist derived from the analgesic oxymorphone, was synthesized as EN-1639A by Blumberg and colleagues in 1967. Four years later, in 1971, naltrexone was selected for high-priority development as a treatment for opioid addiction by the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, an office created by President Nixon and put under the leadership of Dr Jerome Jaffe. Extinction Model The rationale for the antagonist approach to treating opioid addiction had been advanced by Dr Abraham Wikler a decade earlier, based largely on the extinction model explored in animal behavioral studies. It was believed that by blocking the euphorogenic effects of opioids at the opioid receptors, opiate use would become Disclosures: Dr Ling has served as a consultant to Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals and to Alkermes, Inc. Dr Mooney and Dr Wu report no relationships with commercial companies with any interest in the article’s subject matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Flashbacks and HPPD: a Clinical-Oriented Concise Review
    Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci - Vol. 51 - No 4 (2014) Flashbacks and HPPD: A Clinical-oriented Concise Review Arturo G. Lerner, MD,1-2 Dmitri Rudinski, MD,1 Oren Bor, MD,1 and Craig Goodman, PhD1 1 Lev Hasharon Mental Health Medical Center, Pardessya, Israel 2 Sackler School Of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT Hallucinogens encompass a group of naturally occurring A unique characteristic of LSD, LSD-like and substances and synthetic substances (1) which may trigger a transient with hallucinogenic properties is the recurrence of some and generally reversible state of intoxication characterized or all the hallucinogenic symptoms which had appeared by perceptual disturbances primarily visual in nature, often during the intoxication after the immediate effects of the referred to as “trips” (2, 3). A unique characteristic of LSD substance had worn off. This recurring syndrome, mainly (lysergic acid diethylamide) and LSD-like substances is the visual, is not clearly understood. The terms Flashback total or partial recurrence of perceptual disturbances which and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) appeared during previous intoxication and reappeared in have been used interchangeably in the professional the absence of voluntarily or involuntarily recent use (1-3). literature. We have observed at least two different This syndrome is still poorly understood (2, 3). LSD is the recurrent syndromes, the first Flashback Type we refer prototype of synthetic hallucinogenic substances and it is to as HPPD I, a generally short-term, non-distressing, probably the most investigated hallucinogen associated benign and reversible state accompanied by a pleasant with the etiology of this condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Algorithms for the Prophylaxis and Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes–Beyond Benzodiazepines
    Novel Algorithms for the Prophylaxis and Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes–Beyond Benzodiazepines José R. Maldonado, MD KEYWORDS Alcohol withdrawal Withdrawal prophylaxis Benzodiazepines Anticonvulsant agents Alpha-2 agonists Delirium tremens KEY POINTS Ethanol affects multiple cellular targets and neural networks; and abrupt cessation results in generalized brain hyper excitability, due to unchecked excitation and impaired inhibition. In medically ill, hospitalized subjects, most AWS cases (80%) are relatively mild and un- complicated, requiring only symptomatic management. The incidence of complicated AWS among patients admitted to medical or critical care units, severe enough to require pharmacologic treatment, is between 5% and 20%. Despite their proven usefulness in the management of complicated AWS, the use of BZDP is fraught with potential complications. A systematic literature review revealed that there are pharmacologic alternatives, which are safe and effective in the management of all phases of complicated AWS. BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are maladaptive patterns of alcohol consumption mani- fested by symptoms leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.1 Ethanol is the second most commonly abused psychoactive substance (second to caffeine) and AUD is the most serious drug abuse problem in the United States2 and worldwide.3 The lifetime prevalences of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,4thedi- tion, alcohol abuse and dependence were 17.8% and 12.5%, respectively; the total life- time prevalence for any AUD was 30.3%.4 Alcohol consumption-related problems are the Psychosomatic Medicine Service, Emergency Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Suite 2317, Stan- ford, CA 94305-5718, USA E-mail address: [email protected] Crit Care Clin 33 (2017) 559–599 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2017.03.012 criticalcare.theclinics.com 0749-0704/17/ª 2017 Elsevier Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update
    The ASAM NATIONAL The ASAM National Practice Guideline 2020 Focused Update Guideline 2020 Focused National Practice The ASAM PRACTICE GUIDELINE For the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder 2020 Focused Update Adopted by the ASAM Board of Directors December 18, 2019. © Copyright 2020. American Society of Addiction Medicine, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial, advertising or promotional purposes, and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the fi rst page. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form on servers, redistribution to lists, or other uses of this material, require prior specifi c written permission or license from the Society. American Society of Addiction Medicine 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20852 Phone: (301) 656-3920 Fax (301) 656-3815 E-mail: [email protected] www.asam.org CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update 2020 Focused Update Guideline Committee members Kyle Kampman, MD, Chair (alpha order): Daniel Langleben, MD Chinazo Cunningham, MD, MS, FASAM Ben Nordstrom, MD, PhD Mark J. Edlund, MD, PhD David Oslin, MD Marc Fishman, MD, DFASAM George Woody, MD Adam J. Gordon, MD, MPH, FACP, DFASAM Tricia Wright, MD, MS Hendre´e E. Jones, PhD Stephen Wyatt, DO Kyle M. Kampman, MD, FASAM, Chair 2015 ASAM Quality Improvement Council (alpha order): Daniel Langleben, MD John Femino, MD, FASAM Marjorie Meyer, MD Margaret Jarvis, MD, FASAM, Chair Sandra Springer, MD, FASAM Margaret Kotz, DO, FASAM George Woody, MD Sandrine Pirard, MD, MPH, PhD Tricia E.
    [Show full text]
  • Title 16. Crimes and Offenses Chapter 13. Controlled Substances Article 1
    TITLE 16. CRIMES AND OFFENSES CHAPTER 13. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ARTICLE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS § 16-13-1. Drug related objects (a) As used in this Code section, the term: (1) "Controlled substance" shall have the same meaning as defined in Article 2 of this chapter, relating to controlled substances. For the purposes of this Code section, the term "controlled substance" shall include marijuana as defined by paragraph (16) of Code Section 16-13-21. (2) "Dangerous drug" shall have the same meaning as defined in Article 3 of this chapter, relating to dangerous drugs. (3) "Drug related object" means any machine, instrument, tool, equipment, contrivance, or device which an average person would reasonably conclude is intended to be used for one or more of the following purposes: (A) To introduce into the human body any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state; (B) To enhance the effect on the human body of any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state; (C) To conceal any quantity of any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state; or (D) To test the strength, effectiveness, or purity of any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state. (4) "Knowingly" means having general knowledge that a machine, instrument, tool, item of equipment, contrivance, or device is a drug related object or having reasonable grounds to believe that any such object is or may, to an average person, appear to be a drug related object.
    [Show full text]
  • Myrtle Beach, SC May 24, 2019 New Drug Update 2019* *Presentation
    New Drug Update 2019* *Presentation by Daniel A. Hussar, Ph.D. Dean Emeritus and Remington Professor Emeritus Philadelphia College of Pharmacy University of the Sciences Objectives: After attending this program, the participant will be able to: 1. Identify the new therapeutic agents and explain their appropriate use. 2. Identify the indications and mechanisms of action of the new drugs. 3. Identify the most important adverse events and other risks of the new drugs. 4. State the route of administration for each new drug and the most important considerations regarding dosage and administration. 5. Compare the new therapeutic agents with older medications to which they are most similar in properties and/or use, and identify the most important advantages and disadvantages of the new drugs. New Drug Comparison Rating (NDCR) system 5 = important advance 4 = significant advantage(s) (e.g., with respect to use/effectiveness, safety, administration) 3 = no or minor advantage(s)/disadvantage(s) 2 = significant disadvantage(s) (e.g., with respect to use/effectiveness, safety, administration) 1 = important disadvantage(s) Additional information The Pharmacist Activist monthly newsletter: www.pharmacistactivist.com Myrtle Beach, SC May 24, 2019 Erenumab-aooe (Aimovig – Amgen; Novartis) Agent for Migraine 2018 New Drug Comparison Rating (NDCR) = Indication: Administered subcutaneously for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults Comparable drugs: Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (e.g., propranolol); (fremanezumab [Ajovy] and galcanezumab [Emgality]
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Oral Anticoagulants and Proton Pump Inhibitor Cotherapy with Hospitalization for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding
    Supplementary Online Content Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, et al. Association of oral anticoagulants and proton pump inhibitor cotherapy with hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.17242 eAppendix. PPI Co-therapy and Anticoagulant-Related UGI Bleeds This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/02/2021 Appendix: PPI Co-therapy and Anticoagulant-Related UGI Bleeds Table 1A Exclusions: end-stage renal disease Diagnosis or procedure code for dialysis or end-stage renal disease outside of the hospital 28521 – anemia in ckd 5855 – Stage V , ckd 5856 – end stage renal disease V451 – Renal dialysis status V560 – Extracorporeal dialysis V561 – fitting & adjustment of extracorporeal dialysis catheter 99673 – complications due to renal dialysis CPT-4 Procedure Codes 36825 arteriovenous fistula autogenous gr 36830 creation of arteriovenous fistula; 36831 thrombectomy, arteriovenous fistula without revision, autogenous or 36832 revision of an arteriovenous fistula, with or without thrombectomy, 36833 revision, arteriovenous fistula; with thrombectomy, autogenous or nonaut 36834 plastic repair of arteriovenous aneurysm (separate procedure) 36835 insertion of thomas shunt 36838 distal revascularization & interval ligation, upper extremity 36840 insertion mandril 36845 anastomosis mandril 36860 cannula declotting; 36861 cannula declotting; 36870 thrombectomy, percutaneous, arteriovenous
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Debrisoquine and Guanethidine In
    482 BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1 MARCH 1975 Comparison of Debrisoquine and Guanethidine in Treatment of Hypertension Br Med J: first published as 10.1136/bmj.1.5956.482 on 1 March 1975. Downloaded from F. C. ADI, C. J. EZE, A. ANWUNAH British Medicaljournal, 1975, 1, 482-485 close estimate of age and the presence or absence of symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, and state of the libido. From the start a level of standing diastolic pressure was chosen for each Summary patient (based on the age) which would be regarded as indicating a satisfactory degree of control of his blood pressure. For those A cross-over trial of debrisoquine and guanethidine in under the age of 40 a standing diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm 32 patients showed that both drugs were equally effective Hg or below indicated good control while for those over a standing diastolic pressure of 100 mm Hg or less in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. indicated good control. Levels not more than 10 mm Hg above the chosen diastolic The degree to which they were tolerated by the patients, pressures were regarded as showing fair control, but inability to however, differed greatly. After three months on each achieve even a fair control or the occurrence of intolerable side drug 18 patients preferred debrisoquine, nine preferred effects necessitating stoppage of the drug was regarded as failure guanethidine, and five showed no particular preference. of treatment. At current prices the cost of daily treatment to the Each patient had a "run-in" period lasting usually two to four patient was cheaper with debrisoquine than with guane- weeks at the start of the trial on either guanethidine or deb-riso- thidine.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacological Treatments in Insomnia
    Pharmacological treatments in insomnia Sue Wilson Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London Drugs used in insomnia Licensed for insomnia •GABA-A positive allosteric modulators •melatonin (modified release) •promethazine •diphenhydramine •doxepin (USA) Unlicensed prescribed frequently •antihistamines (and OTC) •antidepressants Sometimes prescribed drugs for psychosis Some GABA-A positive allosteric modulators Drugs acting at the GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor zopiclone zolpidem zaleplon benzodiazepines eg temazepam, lorazepam (safe in overdose, as long as no other drug involved) Drugs acting at the barbiturate/alcohol receptor chloral hydrate/chloral betaine clomethiazole (dangerous in overdose) GABA calms the brain Gamma aminobutyic acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays the principal role in reducing neuronal excitability and its receptors are prolific throughout the brain, in cortex, limbic system, thalamus and cerebellum sedative Increase anticonvulsant GABA anxiolytic function ataxia, memory effects Effects of GABA-A positive allosteric modulators •These drugs enhance the effect of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain •They all produce sedation, sleep promotion, ataxia, muscle relaxation, effects on memory, anticonvulsant effects •Therefore for insomnia the duration of action of the drug is important – these effects are unwanted during the day Effects of these GABA-ergic drugs on sleep EEG/PSG • Appearance of
    [Show full text]
  • 124.210 Schedule IV — Substances Included. 1
    1 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES, §124.210 124.210 Schedule IV — substances included. 1. Schedule IV shall consist of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section. 2. Narcotic drugs. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below: a. Not more than one milligram of difenoxin and not less than twenty-five micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit. b. Dextropropoxyphene (alpha-(+)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2- propionoxybutane). c. 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, its salts, optical and geometric isomers and salts of these isomers (including tramadol). 3. Depressants. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: a. Alprazolam. b. Barbital. c. Bromazepam. d. Camazepam. e. Carisoprodol. f. Chloral betaine. g. Chloral hydrate. h. Chlordiazepoxide. i. Clobazam. j. Clonazepam. k. Clorazepate. l. Clotiazepam. m. Cloxazolam. n. Delorazepam. o. Diazepam. p. Dichloralphenazone. q. Estazolam. r. Ethchlorvynol. s. Ethinamate. t. Ethyl Loflazepate. u. Fludiazepam. v. Flunitrazepam. w. Flurazepam. x. Halazepam. y. Haloxazolam. z. Ketazolam. aa. Loprazolam. ab. Lorazepam. ac. Lormetazepam. ad. Mebutamate. ae. Medazepam. af. Meprobamate. ag. Methohexital. ah. Methylphenobarbital (mephobarbital).
    [Show full text]
  • Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set
    MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01
    [Show full text]