Nordicom Review Journal from the Nordic Information Centre for Media and Communication Research
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COIN in Afghanistan - Winning the Battles, Losing the War?
COIN in Afghanistan - Winning the Battles, Losing the War? MAGNUS NORELL FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, is a mainly assignment-funded agency under the Ministry of Defence. The core activities are research, method and technology development, as well as studies conducted in the interests of Swedish defence and the safety and security of society. The organisation employs approximately 1000 personnel of whom about 800 are scientists. This makes FOI Sweden’s largest research institute. FOI gives its customers access to leading-edge expertise in a large number of fields such as security policy studies, defence and security related analyses, the assessment of various types of threat, systems for control and management of crises, protection against and management of hazardous substances, IT security and the potential offered by new sensors. FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency Phone: +46 8 555 030 00 www.foi.se FOI Memo 3123 Memo Defence Analysis Defence Analysis Fax: +46 8 555 031 00 ISSN 1650-1942 March 2010 SE-164 90 Stockholm Magnus Norell COIN in Afghanistan - Winning the Battles, Losing the War? “If you don’t know where you’re going. Any road will take you there” (From a song by George Harrison) FOI Memo 3123 Title COIN in Afghanistan – Winning the Battles, Losing the War? Rapportnr/Report no FOI Memo 3123 Rapporttyp/Report Type FOI Memo Månad/Month Mars/March Utgivningsår/Year 2010 Antal sidor/Pages 41 p ISSN ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Försvarsdepartementet Projektnr/Project no A12004 Godkänd av/Approved by Eva Mittermaier FOI, Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency Avdelningen för Försvarsanalys Department of Defence Analysis 164 90 Stockholm SE-164 90 Stockholm FOI Memo 3123 Programme managers remarks The Asia Security Studies programme at the Swedish Defence Research Agency’s Department of Defence Analysis conducts research and policy relevant analysis on defence and security related issues. -
Gender Equality Policy in the Arts, Culture and Media Comparative Perspectives
Gender Equality Policy in the Arts, Culture and Media Comparative Perspectives Principal Investigator: Prof. Helmut K. Anheier, PhD SUPPORTED BY Project team: Charlotte Koyro Alexis Heede Malte Berneaud-Kötz Alina Wandelt Janna Rheinbay Cover image: Klaus Lefebvre, 2009 La Traviata (Giuseppe Verdi) @Dutch National Opera Season 2008/09 Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. 5 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... 8 Comparative Summary ............................................................................................................ 9 Introduction to Country Reports ......................................................................................... 23 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 23 Method ............................................................................................................................... 24 Indicators .......................................................................................................................... -
Broadcasting & Convergence
1 Namnlöst-2 1 2007-09-24, 09:15 Nordicom Provides Information about Media and Communication Research Nordicom’s overriding goal and purpose is to make the media and communication research undertaken in the Nordic countries – Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden – known, both throughout and far beyond our part of the world. Toward this end we use a variety of channels to reach researchers, students, decision-makers, media practitioners, journalists, information officers, teachers, and interested members of the general public. Nordicom works to establish and strengthen links between the Nordic research community and colleagues in all parts of the world, both through information and by linking individual researchers, research groups and institutions. Nordicom documents media trends in the Nordic countries. Our joint Nordic information service addresses users throughout our region, in Europe and further afield. The production of comparative media statistics forms the core of this service. Nordicom has been commissioned by UNESCO and the Swedish Government to operate The Unesco International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media, whose aim it is to keep users around the world abreast of current research findings and insights in this area. An institution of the Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordicom operates at both national and regional levels. National Nordicom documentation centres are attached to the universities in Aarhus, Denmark; Tampere, Finland; Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen, Norway; and Göteborg, Sweden. NORDICOM Göteborg -
Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Countries
POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES POWER, COMMUNICATION, POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES The Nordic countries are stable democracies with solid infrastructures for political dia- logue and negotiations. However, both the “Nordic model” and Nordic media systems are under pressure as the conditions for political communication change – not least due to weakened political parties and the widespread use of digital communication media. In this anthology, the similarities and differences in political communication across the Nordic countries are studied. Traditional corporatist mechanisms in the Nordic countries are increasingly challenged by professionals, such as lobbyists, a development that has consequences for the processes and forms of political communication. Populist polit- ical parties have increased their media presence and political influence, whereas the news media have lost readers, viewers, listeners, and advertisers. These developments influence societal power relations and restructure the ways in which political actors • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, & Lars Nord • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard communicate about political issues. This book is a key reference for all who are interested in current trends and develop- ments in the Nordic countries. The editors, Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, and Lars Nord, have published extensively on political communication, and the authors are all scholars based in the Nordic countries with specialist knowledge in their fields. Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Nordicom is a centre for Nordic media research at the University of Gothenburg, Nordicomsupported is a bycentre the Nordic for CouncilNordic of mediaMinisters. research at the University of Gothenburg, supported by the Nordic Council of Ministers. -
Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008
N O R D I C M E D I A T R E N D S 10 Media and Communication Statistics Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008 Compiled by Ragnar Karlsson NORDICOM UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2008 NORDICOM’s activities are based on broad and extensive network of contacts and collaboration with members of the research community, media companies, politicians, regulators, teachers, librarians, and so forth, around the world. The activities at Nordicom are characterized by three main working areas. Media and Communication Research Findings in the Nordic Countries Nordicom publishes a Nordic journal, Nordicom Information, and an English language journal, Nordicom Review (refereed), as well as anthologies and other reports in both Nordic and English langu- ages. Different research databases concerning, among other things, scientific literature and ongoing research are updated continuously and are available on the Internet. Nordicom has the character of a hub of Nordic cooperation in media research. Making Nordic research in the field of mass communication and media studies known to colleagues and others outside the region, and weaving and supporting networks of collaboration between the Nordic research communities and colleagues abroad are two prime facets of the Nordicom work. The documentation services are based on work performed in national documentation centres at- tached to the universities in Aarhus, Denmark; Tampere, Finland; Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen, Norway; and Göteborg, Sweden. Trends and Developments in the Media Sectors in the Nordic Countries Nordicom compiles and collates media statistics for the whole of the Nordic region. The statistics, to- gether with qualified analyses, are published in the series, Nordic Media Trends, and on the homepage. -
The Shift from High to Liquid Ideals Making Sense of Journalism and Its Change Through a Multidimensional Model
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv Nordicom Review 34 (2013) Special Issue, pp.141-154 The Shift from High to Liquid Ideals Making Sense of Journalism and Its Change through a Multidimensional Model Kari Koljonen Abstract By reading qualitative studies, surveys, organisational histories, and textbooks, one can claim that the ethos of journalists has undergone fundamental changes in recent decades. The “high modern” journalistic ethos of the 1970s and 1980s was committed to the core values of the journalistic profession: objectivity, public service, consensus maintenance, gate-keeping, and recording of the recent past. After the millennium, these central ideals have become more ambivalent and “liquid”: subjectivity, consumer service, the watchdog role, agenda-setting, and forecasting the future seem to be more tempting alternatives than before. This article develops an analytic framework that elaborates the simple narrative from “high modern” to “liquid modern” journalism. Five key elements, namely, (1) knowledge, (2) audience, (3) power, (4) time, and (5) ethics, are discussed and problematized to suggest a more nuanced view of the changing professional ethos of journalism. Keywords: journalistic profession, core elements of journalism, professional ethos, high/ liquid modern ideals, multidimensional model, analysis of change Introduction One of the most common ways of crafting normative, evaluative discourses is to con- struct a narrative of change. This has also been true in journalism research recently (e.g. McChesney & Nichols 2010, McChesney & Pickard 2011). However, because journalism is a multifaceted institution with many interfaces to its social, political, and economic contexts, many alternative narratives are possible. -
Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008
N O R D I C M E D I A T R E N D S 10 Media and Communication Statistics Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008 Compiled by Ragnar Karlsson NORDICOM UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2008 NORDICOM’s activities are based on broad and extensive network of contacts and collaboration with members of the research community, media companies, politicians, regulators, teachers, librarians, and so forth, around the world. The activities at Nordicom are characterized by three main working areas. Media and Communication Research Findings in the Nordic Countries Nordicom publishes a Nordic journal, Nordicom Information, and an English language journal, Nordicom Review (refereed), as well as anthologies and other reports in both Nordic and English langu- ages. Different research databases concerning, among other things, scientific literature and ongoing research are updated continuously and are available on the Internet. Nordicom has the character of a hub of Nordic cooperation in media research. Making Nordic research in the field of mass communication and media studies known to colleagues and others outside the region, and weaving and supporting networks of collaboration between the Nordic research communities and colleagues abroad are two prime facets of the Nordicom work. The documentation services are based on work performed in national documentation centres at- tached to the universities in Aarhus, Denmark; Tampere, Finland; Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen, Norway; and Göteborg, Sweden. Trends and Developments in the Media Sectors in the Nordic Countries Nordicom compiles and collates media statistics for the whole of the Nordic region. The statistics, to- gether with qualified analyses, are published in the series, Nordic Media Trends, and on the homepage. -
Negotiating Kosovo's Final Status
NEGOTIATING KOSOVO’S FINAL STATUS Lulzim Peci, Ilir Dugolli, Leon Malazogu* 1. The current situation June 10th 1999 marks the beginning of a new stage for Kosovo. With confirmed withdrawal of the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the entry of KFOR, the UN Security Council adopted the Resolution 1244 (hereinafter: UNSCR 1244)1, replacing thus the existing legal order with a new one. In general, Kosovo has experienced a very wide range of constitutional solutions. Since the end of WWII and until the last constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1974, we have seen an enhancement of powers of Kosovo (as one of the two autonomous provinces). The federal constitution of 1974 introduced significant changes to the internal organization of the SFRY, decentralizing key areas of governance. Under these arrangements, the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo (SAPK) “had equal representation within the supreme commanding body of the federation, a collective presidency of eight, comprised of a member of each federal unit of Yugoslavia. All representatives enjoyed the right to veto any decision over which the collective body had authority, including those relating to security2. 1 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99. Available: http://www.unmikonline.org/misc/N9917289.pdf (last visited: 20 February 2006) 2 Ilir Dugolli & Lulzim Peci, Enhancing civilian management and oversight of the security sector in Kosovo, KIPRED and SaferWorld, November 2005. p.5. Available online at: http://www.kipred.net/UserFiles/File/SecSectorManagement.pdf (last visited: 15 February 2006). This positive evolution came to an abrupt end in 1989 when the autonomy was revoked. -
New Publications from NORDICOM
10.1515/nor-2017-0407 Nordicom Review 38 (2017) 1, pp. 137 New Publications from NORDICOM The Assault on Gendering War and Journalism Peace Reporting Building knowledge to protect Some insights – some missing freedcom of expression links Ulla Carlsson & Reeta Pö- Berit von der Lippe & Rune yhteri (eds.) Nordicom 2017, Ottosen (eds.) Nordicom 2016, 378 p. 278 p. In connection with World Press War reporting has tradition- Freedom Day 2016 in Helsinki ally been a male activity. Elite an international conference, sources like politicians, high entitled Safety of Journalists. ranking military officers and state officials are collec- Knowledge is the Key, was arranged by UNESCO and tively still dominated by men, and it will take more than the UNESCO Chair on Freedom of Expression at the the presence of an increased number of female journal- University of Gothenburg in collaboration with IAM- ists to change this male hegemony. CR), and a range of other partners. There is, though, no deterministic link between The aim of the publication is to highlight and fuel sex/gender and more peaceful news or a more peaceful journalist safety as a field of research, as well as to in- world. spire further dialogues and new research initiatives. The This book offers analytic approaches to how traditio- contributions represent diverse perspectives on both em- nal war journalism is gendered. Through different case pirical and theoretical research and offer many quantita- studies, the book reveals how the framing of different tively and qualitatively informed insights. femininities and masculinities affects the reporting and our understanding of war and conflicts. -
Hva Kjennetegner Talibans Propaganda Og Med Hvilke Kontrapropagandatiltak Kan ISAF Bekjempe Den?
Forsvarets stabsskole Våren 2009 Masteroppgave Kampen om den mest uimotståelige historien Hva kjennetegner Talibans propaganda og med hvilke kontrapropagandatiltak kan ISAF bekjempe den? Ola Bøe-Hansen 2 3 Summary This analysis is split into two where the first half is dedicated to what characterizes Taliban propaganda, and the other half to an analysis of which counterpropaganda measures ISAF can utilize in order to counter it. The Taliban’s propaganda apparatus has grown in size, skill and emphasis since it was removed from power in late 2001. It has shown ability to adapt to modern media and technology, and can now communicate with a global reach and impact. Their messages are mostly based on real incidents, but often strongly exaggerated. They use strong religious connotations to harvest authority and legitimacy. The civilian population is deliberately used as human shields, which has lead to incidents where ISAF operations cause civilian casualties, giving Taliban propaganda opportunities. They utilize their knowledge of the people’s culture, history, traditions and language. They have also learned weaknesses within their enemy and the paramount role of the news media. The Taliban is an actor that efficiently exploits the physical battle domain to support the decisive cognitive domain. Three cases of Taliban propaganda are being discussed in this thesis; Mullah Mohammad Omar’s Eid Messages, how the Taliban utilizes spectacular incidents, and exploiting incidents where ISAF causes Civilian Casualties. The main ISAF counterpropaganda -
NEGOTIATIONS and RECONCILIATION with the TALIBAN: the Key Policy Issues and Dilemmas
NEGOTIATIONS AND RECONCILIATION WITH THE TALIBAN: The Key Policy Issues and Dilemmas By Vanda Felbab-Brown Fellow, 21st Century Defense Initiative, Foreign Policy, the Brookings Institution and Author of Shooting Up: Counterinsurgency and the War on Drugs (Brookings 2009) Thursday’s London conference on Afghanistan where the Afghan government, Britain, and Japan have presented their plans for reconciliation with the Taliban has reignited a months-long debate about whether or not to negotiate with the salafi insurgents. But although passions run strong on both sides of the debate, in its abstract form– negotiate: yes or no – the discussion is of little policy usefulness. The real question about negotiating with the Taliban is what shape and content any such negotiation and reconciliation should have and what are the costs and benefits of such an approach. THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF NEGOTIATIONS and RECONCILIATION: SOME QUICK LESSONS FROM HISTORY Negotiations and reconciliation frequently have been a critical component of ending conflict, reducing violence, and saving lives: be they the pentiti laws in Italy directed toward the Red Brigades or amnesty for the Shining Path’s soldiers in Peru or negotiations between the Provisional IRA and the Unionists in Northern Ireland. For many who advocate negotiations with the Taliban, negotiations are a way to extricate forces from what they consider unattainable and perhaps unimportant objectives in Afghanistan. But this position ignores the real and acute threat still emanating from the region in the form of terrorism and severe regional instability. It also underestimates the risk and the costs associated with negotiations, such as giving the opponent a chance to increase its forces, recuperate, and renege on its promises. -
National Centres Director and Administration
NORDICOM is an Institution within the Nordic Council of Ministers DIRECTOR AND ADMINISTRATION Director: Administration and sales: Technical editing and webmaster: Ulla Carlsson Anne Claesson Per Nilsson Telephone: +46 31 786 12 19 Telephone: +46 31 786 12 16 Telephone: +46 31 786 46 54 Fax: +46 31 786 46 55 Fax: +46 31 786 46 55 Fax: +46 31 786 46 55 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] FIELD OF ACTIVITIES Media- and Media- and Media- and The International Clearinghouse Communication Research Communication Research Communication Research on Children, Youth and Media Publications Research Documentation Media Trends and Information Co-ordinator: Scientific Coordinator: Editor: Ulla Carlsson Nordic Co-ordinator: Media Statistics Catharina Bucht Ilana Eleá Telephone: +46 31 786 12 19 Mogens Vestergaard Kjeldsen Nordic Co-ordinator: Telephone: +46 31 786 49 53 Telephone: +46 760 001 788 Fax: +46 31 786 46 55 University and State Library Eva Harrie Fax: +46 31 786 46 55 Fax: +46 31 786 46 55 [email protected] Universitetsparken Telephone: +46 31 786 46 58 [email protected] [email protected] DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Fax: +46 31 786 46 55 Telephone: +45 89 46 21 67 [email protected] Fax: +45 89 46 221 67 [email protected] NATIONAL CENTRES Nordicom-Denmark Nordicom-Finland Nordicom-Norway Nordicom-Iceland Nordicom-Sweden State and University Library School of Communication, Department of Information University of Iceland University of Gothenburg Media