Volume 54 • Number 3 • 2013
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Volume 54 • Number 3 • 2013 The Effects of a Time Management Professional Development Seminar on Stress and Job Satisfaction of Beginning Agriscience Teachers in West Texas Rudy Ritz, Scott Burris & Todd Brashears ...................................................................................................................1 How Six Women Deans of Agriculture Have Attained Their Leadership Role: A Qualitative Study Sarah Kleihauer, Carrie A. Stephens , William E. Hart & Christopher T. Stripling ................................................... 15 Agrarianism: An Ideology of the National FFA Organization Michael J. Martin & Tracy Kitchel ............................................................................................................................. 28 Utilization of a High Stakes High School Graduation Exam to Assess the Impact of Agricultural Education: A Measure of Curriculum Integration Joshua Brock Nolin & Brian Parr ............................................................................................................................... 41 Recruiting Strategically: Increasing Enrollment in Academic Programs of Agriculture Lauri M. Baker, Quisto Settle, Christy Chiarelli, & Tracy Irani ................................................................................. 54 Examining the Professional, Technical, and General Knowledge Competencies Needed by Beginning School- Based Agricultural Education Teachers Christopher T. Stripling & R. Kirby Barrick .............................................................................................................. 67 Diffusion of Social Media Among County 4-H Programs in Tennessee Rebekah D. Bowen, Carrie A. Stephens, Courtney C. Childers, Elizabeth J. Avery & Christopher T. Stripling ............................................................................................................................................. 84 Teachers’ Use of Experiential Learning Stages in Agricultural Laboratories Catherine W. Shoulders & Brian E. Myers ...................................................................................................................... 100 Vocational Programs in the Federal Bureau of Prisons: Examining the Potential of Agricultural Education Programs for Prisoners Ricky H. Coppedge & Robert Strong ....................................................................................................................... 116 What Images Show that Words Do Not: Analysis of Pre-service Teachers’ Depictions of Effective Agricultural Education Teachers in the 21st Century J. Shane Robinson, Kathleen D. Kelsey & Robert Terry, Jr. .................................................................................... 126 Socioscientific Issues-based Instruction: An Investigation of Agriscience Students’ Content Knowledge based on Student Variables Catherine W. Shoulders & Brian E. Myers ............................................................................................................... 140 Intrapersonal Factors Affecting Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Agricultural Education Teachers Jessica Stewart, Pavlo D. Antonenko, J. Shane Robinson & Mwarumba Mwavita .................................................. 157 Student and Faculty Perceptions of ICT Use in Undergraduate Agriculture Courses Donald M. Johnson, Leslie D. Edgar & Casandra K. Cox ........................................................................................ 171 Impacts of a Faculty Abroad Experience on Teaching Style and Technology Use in a College of Agriculture and Life Sciences M’Randa R. Sandlin, Theresa Pesl Murphrey, James R. Lindner & Kim E. Dooley ................................................ 186 The Effect of Vee Maps and Laboratory Reports on High- and Low-Order Content–Knowledge Achievement in Agriscience Education Andrew C. Thoron & Eric D. Rubenstein ................................................................................................................. 198 Embracing Alter-Identities: Socio-Cultural Development for Graduate Education Bryan J. Hains, Jonathan Tubbs & Stacy K. Vincent ................................................................................................ 209 Corn Clubs: Building the Foundation for Agricultural and Extension Education Cassandra Uricchio, Gary Moore & Michael Coley ................................................................................................. 224 Journal of Agricultural Education Volume 54, Number 3, pp. 1 – 14 DOI: 10.5032/jae.2013.03001 o The Effects of a Time Management Professional u r Development Seminar on Stress and Job Satisfaction of n Beginning Agriscience Teachers in West Texas a l Rudy Ritz Scott Burris o f Todd Brashears Texas Tech University A g The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a time management seminar on stress and job r satisfaction of beginning agriscience teachers. The target population for this study consisted of i agriscience teachers in the first or second year of tenure. All twenty-three (N = 23) beginning teachers c from a selected region of the state participated in the study. There was a 100% response. Eleven u participated in the time management seminar (n = 11) and 12 participated in the control group (n = 12). l The study employed a quasi-experimental, static-group comparison design. The treatment, a t comprehensive time management seminar, included: planning and scheduling, goal setting, and work and u family balance. A post-test, including instrumentation for stress and job satisfaction, was administered to r both groups. Independent samples t-tests revealed there were not any statistically significant differences a between groups on stress levels or job satisfaction levels. However, sub-scale constructs from each l instrument resulted in medium to large effect sizes in several sub-scale factors. Stress differences included work-related stress, time management, and professional investment. Job satisfaction differences included pay, recognition and advancement. Overall, the beginning teachers had slight to E moderate stress. Additionally, the teachers had slightly above neutral levels of job satisfaction. d u Keywords: teacher stress, time management, beginning teachers, work and family balance c a Teacher shortages in our public school profession and reflect the National Research t system have been occurring at an alarming rate Agenda (Doerfert, 2011). i (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). Some Teachers involved in agricultural education o school districts employ teachers who lack proper at the secondary level often face schedules that n certification due to a shortage of teacher extend well beyond a typical eight-hour work V education program graduates who decide to day. Professional development efforts targeting o pursue a teaching career. As a result, struggles areas such as job satisfaction, stress, and time l may occur in the quality of instruction available management are a reasonable approach to u to students (Camp, Broyles, & Skelton, 2002). possible burnout, particularly with beginning m There are national concerns about shortage teachers (McLean & Camp, 2000). e and efforts involving methods to recruit and Beginning teachers in the agricultural retain agriscience teachers including the education profession prepare for challenges in 5 National Council for Agricultural Education and classroom management, classroom instruction or 1 the National FFA (National FFA Organization, FFA activities (Roberts & Dyer, 2004a). , 2009). Members of the profession have However, research has caused other pressing monitored the supply of available pre-service issues to surface such as managing stress, N teachers. There is a reported shortage of balancing work and personal life, and time u qualified teachers (Kantrovich, 2007). Prior- management (Myers, Dyer, & Washburn, 2005). itizing teacher recruitment and retention must be Teacher job satisfaction levels should be m an area of focus to attain the goals of the addressed by teacher education programs b e r 1 , 1 p p . Ritz, Burris, and Brashears The effects of time management… through professional development efforts certified teachers. Roberts and Dyer found (Chaney, 2007). teacher stress and time management as the largest professional development concerns Theoretical/Conceptual Framework among both of the sample groups. The first year of teaching involves emotional The Herzberg Motivation-Hygiene Theory, reactions to the experience as suggested in the also described as the Two-Factor Theory, was Phases of a First-Year Teacher (Moir, 2005). developed by a study conducted in the 1950’s The phases were displayed as the trend of the (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, 1959). beginning teacher through the academic Herzberg defined two independent domains calendar. The initial anticipation or elation of which determine one’s level of job satisfaction securing that first teaching position was with their occupation. Herzberg identified the followed by the anxiety of the reality of the day- six factors which determine job satisfaction: to-day demands of the job. There was an achievement, recognition, work itself, increase toward a more satisfied level of responsibility, advancement, and growth. These agreement by the teacher as the growing pains of satisfaction factors were labeled motivators as the break-in period begin to subside (Moir, they cause satisfaction, but are not necessarily 2005). related to dissatisfaction. The top six factors Education research conducted by Ingersoll