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LINDH O Lm Hø JE L INDH Vikingetid: En statsmagt opstår I 900-tallet opstod alvorlige grænseproblemer ved Danne- broanlæg ved Ravning Enge. Broen vidner om, at kongen virke. Striden stod mellem Vesteuropas mægtigste hersker, anlagde et overordnet vejnet, der sikrede hurtig transport. den kristne, tyske kejser, og Harald Blåtand. Under pres Borgene og det centrale vejnet skal formodentlig ses i sam- gjorde kong Harald Blåtand kristendommen til stats- menhæng med samlingen af hele Danmark. religion i Danmark. Danmark gik fra at være et nordisk hedensk samfund til I 979–81 stod Harald Blåtand bag opførelsen af fem store en europæisk kristen civilisation. Storgodser og kongs- ringborge. Det var Fyrkat og Aggersborg i Nordjylland, gårde opstod over hele landet. De første byer blev grund- Nonne bakken på Fyn, Trelleborg på Sjælland og for modent- lagt. Grundlaget for det historiske kongerige Danmark var lig Borgeby i Skåne. Samtidig opførte kongen et storslået blevet skabt. O Viking Age: The birth of the State of Denmark L In the 10th century, serious border problems had arisen at In the same period, he had a magnificent bridge built at Denmark’s southern border. The conflict was between Ravning Enge. The bridge testifies to the King’s vision of a Western Europe’s mightiest ruler, the Christian, German national road system. The forts and roads may be inter- M HØ M Emperor and Harald Bluetooth. Under pressure, King preted as part of the vision to unify Denmark. Harald Bluetooth made Christianity the state religion of Denmark went from being a Nordic, pagan society to a Denmark. European, Christian civilisation. Large landed and royal In 979–81 Harald Bluetooth commissioned the construc- estates arose across the whole of Denmark. The first towns tion of five ring fortresses: Fyrkat and Aggersborg in North were established. The foundation for the historic Kingdom Jutland, Nonnebakken on Funen, Trelleborg on Zealand of Denmark had been laid. and probably also Borgeby in Scania in present-day Sweden. Wikingerzeit: Eine Staatsmacht entsteht Im 10. Jahrhundert entstanden ernsthafte Grenzprobleme eine grandiose Brückenanlage bei Ravning Enge. Die Brü- JE an Dänemarks Südgrenze. Es herrschte Streit zwischen cke zeugt davon, dass der König ein übergeordnetes Stra- dem mächtigsten Herrscher Westeuropas, dem christ- ßennetz anlegte. Alle Bautätigkeiten sind im Zusammen- lichen deutschen Kaiser, und Harald Blauzahn. Unter hang mit der Ver einigung Dänemarks zu sehen. Druck machte König Harald Blauzahn das Christentum Dänemark entwickelte sich von einer nordischen heid- zur Staatsreligion in Dänemark. nischen Gesellschaft zu einer europäischen christlichen 979-81 ließ Harald Blauzahn fünf große Ringburgen Zivilisation. Im ganzen Land wurden große Güter, Königs- errichten: Fyrkat und Aggersborg in Nordjütland, Nonne- höfe und die ersten Städte gegründet. Damit war die bakken auf Fünen, Trelleborg auf Seeland und vielleicht Grundlage für das Königreich Dänemark in historischer auch Borgeby in Schonen. Gleichzeitig errichtete der König Zeit geschaffen. KULTURSTYRELSEN NORDJYLLANDS HISTORISKE MUSEUM AALBORG KOMMUNE, TEKNIK OG MILJØFORVALTNINGEN. NATUR TEL: +45 9931 2000 På Lindholm Høje lå i yngre jernalder og vikingetid en stor gravplads og flere landsbyer. I begyndelsen af middel- alderen blev de årlige sandstorme for stor en plage for stedets beboere. Lindholm Høje blev forladt, og marker og landsbyer blev opgivet. Jellingstenen kaldes Danmarks dåbsattest. Vikingetidens landsby bestod Kristendommen blev dog indført gradvist. som regel af en 6-7 indhegnede Allerede ved vikingetidens slutning var der gårde. Gårdene fordelte sig bygget mange små trækirker i alle egne af omkring en åben plads eller landet. De var kun 10-20 m lange og hørte en gennemgående gade. Der ofte til en stormandsgård. skete store ændringer i land- bruget: En ny plovtype blev ind­­ført, og markerne blev dyr- ket med faste skift i afgrøder. Stensatte grave AF MANGE slags 900-TALLETS EUROPAKORT Danske Kattegatimperium Danske bosættelser Når de døde blev begravet på Lindholm Høje blev deres grav omkranset Kejser Ottos rige Kalifatet af sten. Næsten alle stenkredse er forskellige. Vi ved ikke hvorfor. Måske Byzans bestemte den afdødes slægtninge, hvordan graven skulle se ud? Gå en tur på området og oplev de specielle gravmonumenter. Vikingeskibet er et imponer- FÅ MERE VIDEN: ende fartøj. Der kendes både Se de arkæologiske fund fragtskibe og store krigsskibe fra udgravningerne inde med 30 par årer og 120 m2 sejl. på museet. Plankerne blev hugget til med Besøg også vikingeborgen økser, og sejlet blev vævet af Fyrkat og vikingehusene uld eller hør. på Fyrkatgården, Hobro nordmus.dk Europa var domineret af Kejser kulturarv.dk/danmarks- Ottos store tysk-romerske rige i 900-tallet. oldtidilandskabet De danske vikingetogter gjorde Vesteuropa usikker, 1001fortaellinger.dk men endte med bosættelser i Nordfrankrig og England. TIDSLINJE 750 e.Kr. Bjowulfkvadet 900-tallet Muldfjælsploven 2000 Vikingernes gamle guder fortæller om danske helte og opfindes. For første gang har dyrkes stadig. I 2003 blev Asa- hofliv i en kongehal, der man en plov, der løsner og trossamfundet Forn Siđr god kendt måske har ligget ved Lejre. vender mulden. af kirke ministeriet. I 2009 blev en hedensk gravplads indviet. 1000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 430 e.Kr. 793 e.Kr. Vikinger 1019-1035 e.Kr. Knud den Store 1952 Vikingetiden er Den hellige Patrick angriber klosteret på herskede over Danmark og populær i film, tegne serier og udbreder kristen- øen Lindisfarne ved England fra 1019 – 1035. teater. I 1952 opføres dommen i Irland. den engelske østkyst. Med ham sluttede vikingetiden. det første vikingespil i Frederikssund. LINDHOLM HØJE Vikingehuset A Viking house Das Wikingerhaus I græsset er stolperne til et hus fra vikingetiden afmærket The posts from a Viking house are marked out in cement Im Rasen sind die Pfosten eines Hauses aus der Wikinge- med cement. in the grass. rzeit mit Zement markiert. Huset havde buede langvægge og to rækker af indvendige The long walls of the house were curved and two rows of Das Haus hatte gebogene Längswände und zwei Reihen stolper, der bar taget. Væggene bestod af planker sat lodret posts inside supported the roof. The walls consisted of Pfosten im Inneren, die das Dach trugen. Die Wände be- i jorden, og taget måske af træspån. Udvendigt blev huset planks set vertically in the ground and the roof may have standen aus senkrecht in den Boden eingesetzten Planken, støttet af skrå stolper. I husets vestende er fundet et ild- been made of roofing shingles. Outside, slanting posts das Dach vielleicht aus Holzschindeln. Von außen wurde sted. shored up the house, which had a fireplace at its west end. das Haus durch Schrägpfeiler gestützt. Am westlichen Ende wurde eine Feuerstelle gefunden. Denne hustype er almindelig i vikingetidens landsbyer og This type of house was common in Viking villages and især i vikingeborgene, som Fyrkat og Aggersborg. especially in Viking fortress such as Fyrkat and Aggersborg. Dieser Haustyp war in den Siedlungen der Wikingerzeit und besonders in den Wikingerburgen wie Fyrkat und Huset stod her i slutningen af 900-årene. Da var man The house stood here at the end of the 900s. By then, Aggersborg üblich. ophørt med at bruge gravpladsen til begravelser. På dette people had stopped using the burial ground for interment. tidspunkt var beboerne kristne og begravede deres døde i At that time, the inhabitants were Christians and buried Das Haus stand hier Ende des 10. Jahrhunderts. Zu diesem indviet jord på en kirkegård. their dead in the consecrated ground of a churchyard. Zeitpunkt benutzte man keine Gräberfelder mehr für Be- isetzungen. Die Bewohner waren Christen und begruben ihre Toten in geweihter Erde auf einem Friedhof. Ved udgravning af stol- VIDSTE DU ... pespor var traditionen i • at vikingerne ikke brugte dansk arkæologi at tøm- save. Alt blev hugget ud med økse? me hullet, hvori stolpen • at på de store huse lagde havde stået. På Fyrkat Dragtspænder fra flere man et tag af udhuggede forsøgte man for første tidsperioder. Det eneste, træspån? gang at halvere dem og der er tilbage fra beboer- • at man kan se at de ud- se dem i profil. Herved nes dragt – og fra dem vendige stolper var stillet op dagede man, at støtte- selv på skrå, når man graver stolperne til taget stod huset ud og ser stolpens skrå. aftegning i jorden? LINDHOLM HØJE De døde på Lindholm Høje The dead of Lindholm Høje Die Toten auf Lindholm Høje På Lindholm Høje var der begravelser i henved 600 år. De Lindholm Høje (høj means hill) has been a final resting Auf Lindholm Høje fanden an die 600 Jahre lang Beisetzun- ældste grave er fra yngre jernalder i 400-årene, og de yng- place for almost 600 years. The oldest graves are from the gen statt. Die ältesten Gräber stammen aus der späten ste er fra vikingetiden i 900-årene. late Iron Age in the 400s and the youngest are from the Eisenzeit im 5. Jahrhundert, die jüngsten aus der Wikinger- Viking Age in the 900s. zeit im 10. Jahrhundert. De ældste grave ligger på toppen af gravmindet. Her blev den afdøde gravlagt under en lille tue af jord og i få tilfælde The oldest graves are at the top of the grave area. The Die ältesten Gräber liegen an der höchsten Stelle des Gräber- omkranset af sten. De yngste grave er placeret i gravfeltets deceased were buried under small mounds and in a few feldes. Hier wurde der Tote unter einem kleinen Erdhügel yderkant og lavt i terrænet. Graven blev på dette tidspunkt cases were surrounded by stones. The youngest graves are at bestattet, der in wenigen Fällen von Steinen umkränzt war. oftest omgivet af sten, men nu blev den døde også brændt. the lower outer edge of the grave site. At that time, graves Die jüngsten Gräber liegen am Rand des Gräberfelds und Denne tradition er langt den hyppigste, og først i 900-tallet were usually surrounded by stones but then the tradition of niedrig im Gelände.
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