Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials

Shiro Kobayashi • Klaus Mullen€ Editors

With 2021 Figures and 146 Tables Editors Shiro Kobayashi Klaus Mullen€ Center for Fiber and Textile Science Max Planck Institute Kyoto Institute of Technology for Polymer Research Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Mainz, Germany

ISBN 978-3-642-29647-5 ISBN 978-3-642-29648-2 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-642-29649-9 (print and electronic bundle) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015941019

Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface

Owing to technological developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology, our society currently enjoys an improved quality of life afforded to us by nanomaterials with precise functions. This is highlighted by the influence of scientific breakthroughs in everyday life because of advances in electronics (smartphones, computers, televisions, etc.), transportation (automobiles, superfast electric trains, and aircraft), medicine (pharmaceutical drugs, instrumentation, and apparatuses), and even simple examples around the house such as kitchenware, tools, and furniture. These functional nanomaterials are the result of extensive fundamental as well as application-based research carried out at both the academic and industrial scale. Several years ago, Springer-Verlag initiated a project to publish an encyclopedia that reflects the worldwide trends and transformations within a scientific field while keeping in mind important focal points. They asked us, as polymer scientists, to be Editors-in-Chief (EiC) for an important section of Major Reference Works (Springer Reference), which we graciously accepted and decided to name “Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials” (EPN). Here, “nano” refers to materials on the length scale of ~10À9 m (nm), which generally corresponds to the size of many polymeric macromolecules. Yet, it is essential to understand how the large-scale assembly of these nanomaterials eventually governs their physical and chemical properties as active compo- nents in various applications. It is the combination of controlling the specific functionalities and bulk properties of nanomaterials that allows for manipu- lating the final desired characteristics of the products. We would like to mention that this encyclopedia is the first to exclusively focus on the concepts, practices, and applications in the genre of polymeric nanomaterials (PNs). In regard to our intent with EPN, we aspired to provide a comprehensive overview of a wide range of PN fields. Based on the com- plexities and vast nature of the subject, it was necessary to classify section topics to more readily organize the available information. These sections were generally differentiated by chemical identification (both name and structural composition), preparation methods (synthetic and processing), and the resulting properties and application-based functions. Keywords for the chapters were chosen based on synthetic techniques, architectures, physical states and properties, as well as the fields of application for the nanomaterials in an effort to simplify the organization of EPN.

v vi Preface

We are much indebted to our section editors (associate editors), who were instrumental in selecting and organizing the topics as well as inviting the right authors to contribute in their respective fields. Furthermore, we would like to extend our gratitude to these topic authors for their efforts, which made it possible to successfully complete the EPN project. We believe that EPN provides a thorough analysis of the many fields related to polymeric nanomaterials both past and present with our aspiration to readily provide this knowledge to those who are interested in these rapidly progressing disciplines. EPN is expected to be an essential reference source for students and researchers from related fields as well as become a useful resource for members of both academia and industry. Ideally, the knowledge presented within this encyclopedia will present an excellent overview of polymeric nanomaterials, yet encourage the future pursuit of even greater challenges in this most exciting field.

February 2015 Editors-in-Chief Shiro Kobayashi Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Klaus Mullen€ Mainz, Germany Acknowledgments

At ﬁrst, we acknowledge all the scientists across the world who acted as section editors (associate editors) as well as topic authors. Without their great contributions, EPN would have never been launched. We thank the Springer-Verlag staff: Dr. M. Hertel was responsible for the project of EPN and encouraged us to work on editing EPN. Then, Dr. T. Wassermann took over her job. At the beginning, Ms. S. Fabiani and Mr. A. J. Chandy pushed and helped us to get the project started. During our editing works, Ms. T. Shelton and Ms. V. Shome have been doing important ofﬁce work to help us much over the years. Finally, we thank our former teachers, to whom we owe a lot concerning education, research, and human life: the late Professor Emeritus Junji Furukawa (Kyoto University), Professor Emeritus Takeo Saegusa (Kyoto University), Professor George A. Olah (University of Southern California, Los Angeles), and Professor Helmut Ringsdorf (University of Maniz, Mainz) from S. Kobayashi; the late Professor Emanuel Vogel (University of Cologne, Colonge), Professor Erhart W. Fischer, Professor Gerhart Wegner, and Professor Hans W. Spiess (all Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz) from K. Muellen.

February 2015 Editors-in-Chief Shiro Kobayashi Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Klaus Mullen€ Mainz, Germany

vii

About the Editors

Shiro Kobayashi studied organic chemistry and polymer chemistry in Kyoto University, where he received his B.S. in 1964 and M.S. in 1966, both with the thesis on Ziegler-Natta polymerizations from Prof. J. Furukawa, and Ph.D. in 1969 with the thesis on organic synthesis reactions from Prof. T. Saegusa. Then, he worked with Prof. G. A. Olah as a postdoctoral fellow at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, for 2 years, during which he investigated basic carbocationic reactions. In 1972, he joined Kyoto University as a research associate to start studying new polymer syntheses including cationic ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic ethers, 2-oxazolines and cyclic phosphorus monomers, zwitterionic polymerizations, and bio-related polymer synthesis. In 1976, he studied pharmacologically active polymers as a Humboldt fellow working with Prof. H. Ringsdorf at the University of Mainz. In 1986, after lectureship in Kyoto University, he was appointed as a full professor at Tohoku University in Sendai, where he started a new project of enzymatic polymerization. The project brought about his major work in his research career. In 1997, he moved to Kyoto University and ofﬁcially retired in 2005 to become a professor emeritus. Since then, he has been a distinguished professor at Kyoto Institute of Technology, continuing research work on polymer synthesis. His research interests include new polymer synthesis reactions and their reaction mechanism and functional and high-performance polymeric materials. Among others, the enzyme-catalyzed polymer synthesis was focused and developed, which contributes to green polymer chemistry and enabled the ﬁrst in vitro synthesis of natural and unnatural polysaccharides such as cellulose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, cellulose-chitin hybrid polysaccharide, etc., various functional polyesters, and new aromatic polymers. For his contributions to polymer chemistry, he received the following awards: the Award of the Chemical Society of Japan for Young Chemists (1976); the Award of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan (1986); the Distinguished Invention Award (1993, for cellulose synthesis from the Min- istry of Science and Technology, Japanese Government); the Award of the Oil and Fat Industry Foundation, Japan (1996); the Cellulose Society of Japan Award (1996); Humboldt Research Award, Germany (1999); the Award of

ix x About the Editors the Chemical Society of Japan (2001); the Award of the “Hattori-Houkoukai” Foundation, Japan (2001); the 30th John Stauffer Distinguished Lecture Award in the Sciences, University of Southern California (2002); the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, Award for Outstanding Achievements in Polymer Science and Technology (2004); Medal with Purple Ribbon, from the Emperor (2007, Japanese Government); and the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon from the Emperor (2015, Japanese Government). He has been a Foreign Member of Northrhine Westfalian Academy of Sciences since 1999 and a member of the Scientiﬁc Advisory Board for Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz (2001–2009). He stayed as a guest professor at universities in China, Germany, Sweden, and USA and also worked as an adjunct professor at two national institutes in Japan. To date, he has served as editor, regional editor, or honorary editor and as a member of the (executive) advisory board or editorial (advisory) board for 24 international journals, and currently he is serving for 8 journals.

Klaus Mullen€ studied chemistry at the Univer- sity of Cologne, Germany, where he received his Diplom-Chemiker degree in 1969 working with Prof. E. Vogel. In 1972, he obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Basel, Switzerland, with a thesis on twisted pi systems and EPR spectro- scopic properties of the corresponding radical anions under supervision of Professor F. Gerson. In 1972, he joined the research group of Professor J.F.M. Oth as a postdoctoral fellow at ETH Zurich,€ where he worked in the field of dynamic NMR spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Here, he received his habilitation in 1977 and was appointed Privatdozent. In 1979, he became a Professor in Organic Chemistry at the University of Cologne and in 1983 at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. Since 1989, he is director of the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research. His research interests cover a broad range, from new polymer-forming reactions by methods of organometallic chemistry to multidimensional polymers with complex shape-persistent architectures, functional biosynthetic hybrids, dyes and pigments, chemistry and physics of single molecules, and materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices. Especially graphenes and carbon materials are the central theme throughout his scientific career. He owns world records in synthesizing well-defined nanographenes up to 222 carbon atoms and was able to produce graphene nanoribbons with atomically precise width and edge structures for tailor-made semiconductor properties. He owns about 60 patents, has published nearly 1,700 papers, and has an h-index of 113. Klaus Mullen€ received numerous prizes for his innovations from the scientific community: In 1993, he was awarded the Max Planck Forschungspreis, in 1997 the Philip Morris Forschungspreis, in 2001 the Nozoe-Award, in 2002 the Kyoto University Foundation Award, in 2003 the Science Award of the “Stifterverband,” in 2006 the Belgian Polymer Award, in 2008 the Innovation Award and the Nikolaus August Otto About the Editors xi

Award, in 2009 the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, International Award, in 2010 the Advanced ERC Grant, in 2011 the ACS Award in Polymer Chemistry and Tsungming Tu Award, Taiwan, and in 2012 the BASF Award for Organic Electronics. In 2013, he obtained the Franco-German Award of the Socie´te Chimique de France, the Adolf-von-Baeyer-Medal, the GDCh Utz-Helmut Felcht Award, SGL Group, and the ChinaNANO Award. In 2014, he obtained the Carl Friedrich Gauß-Medal of the “Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft” and was winner of the ACS Nano Lectureship Award. Klaus Mullen€ attained several honorary professorships from different universities in China and from the University of Heidelberg. He gained honorary doctorate degrees from the University of Soﬁa, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), and the Jiatong University, Shanghai. Further- more, he is member of numerous prestigious academies such as the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the European Academy of Sciences (EURASC). From 2008 to 2009, he served as president of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) and during 2013 and 2014 was president of the German Association for the Advancement of Science and Medicine. Klaus Mullen€ worked as member of editorial boards and as editor for more than 15 international journals. He is currently associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Section Editors

Sadahito Aoshima Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Yoshiki Chujo Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

xiii xiv Section Editors

Andrew C. Grimsdale School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

Akira Harada Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Dr. Gert Heinrich Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Section Editors xv

Alex M. van Herk Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Jurong Island, Singapore

Andreas Hirsch Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

Tadashi Inoue Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan xvi Section Editors

Masami Kamigaito Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Kazunori Kataoka Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Anzar Khan Institute of Polymers, ETH Zurich,€ Zurich,€ Switzerland Section Editors xvii

Yoshiharu Kimura Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan

Shunsaku Kimura Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Akio Kishida Tokyo Medical and Dental Hospital, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan xviii Section Editors

Markus Klapper Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany

Yasuhiro Koike Keio Photonics Research Institute, Keio University, Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan

Kazue Kurihara WPI-AIMR (Advanced Institute for Materials Research) and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Section Editors xix

Toshio Masuda Department of Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

Helmut Mo¨hwald Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany

Kazukiyo Nagai Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan xx Section Editors

Yukio Nagasaki Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Coleen Pugh Department of Polymer Science, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

A. Dieter Schluter€ Institute of Polymers, ETH Hoenggerberg, Zurich,€ Switzerland Section Editors xxi

Masato Suzuki Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan

Dayang Wang Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia

Hiroshi Watanabe Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan

Contributors

Jiro Abe Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

Yoshimoto Abe Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan

Jiji Abraham International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

Kaoru Adachi Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan

Seema Agarwal Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Inter- faces, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

Jamil Ahmed Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

David Aili Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Proton Conduc- tors Section, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

Hiroharu Ajiro Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Takeshi Akasaka State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba and Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Mitsuru Akashi Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Aya Mizutani Akimoto Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Hirao Akira Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan

xxiii xxiv Contributors

Kazunari Akiyoshi Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Mohammad Asif Ali School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan Roey J. Amir School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Mitsuru Aoyagi Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan Takao Aoyagi International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Gordon Armstrong Irish Centre for Composites Research, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Rickard Arvidsson Division of Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Tetsuo Asakura Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan Yuji Aso Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan Jose´ M. Asua POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain R. Rajesh Babu Global R&D, Apollo Tyres Ltd., Chennai, TN, India Jong-Beom Baek Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea Preetha Balakrishnan International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India Vincent Ball Faculte´ de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universite´ de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´dicale, Unite´ Mixte de Recherche 1121, Strasbourg, France Nitash P. Balsara Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA James L. Banal Bio21 Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Mel- bourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Contributors xxv

Lipiao Bao State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China Stephan Barcikowski Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration, Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany Nigel Barksby Polyurethane Raw Materials, Bayer MaterialScience LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Stephen Barlow School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA George Barnes Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK Debdipta Basu Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Technische Universit€at Dresden, Institut fur€ Werkstoffwissenschaft, Dresden, Germany Siegfried Bauer Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria Henrikke Baumann Division of Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Guillermo C. Bazan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Ronny Behnke Institute for Structural Analysis, Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Giacomo Bergamini Department of Chemistry “G Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Lars A. Berglund Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stock- holm, Sweden Samuel Bernard Institut Europe´en des Membranes – IEM, UMR ENSCM- UM-CNRS 5635, CNRS, Montpellier, France Tadeusz Biela Department of Polymer Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland Ste´phan Bien-Aime´ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA Anke Blume Department of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands xxvi Contributors

Applied Technology Rubber and Tire, Evonik Industries AG, Wesseling, Germany Stefan A. F. Bon Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK Elodie Bourgeat-Lami Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polyme`res et Proce´de´s (C2P2), LCPP group, Universite´ de Lyon, University of Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Villeurbanne, France Amandaa K. Brewer Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, PA, USA Sergio Brovelli Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy Karsten Bruning€ Department of Mechanics and Structure, Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Marek Brzezin´ski Department of Polymer Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland Michael R. Buchmeiser Lehrstuhl fur€ Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie, Institut fur€ Polymerchemie, Universit€at Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany Franco Cacialli Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK Buenaventurada P. Calabia Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Pinar Camurlu Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Dorian Canelas Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Ruth Cardinaels Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium Kevin A. Cavicchi Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA Ana Cenacchi-Pereira Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polyme`res et Proce´de´s (C2P2), LCPP group, Universite´ de Lyon, University of Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Villeurbanne, France Paola Ceroni Department of Chemistry “G Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Dongzhong Chen Key Lab of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology and Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China Contributors xxvii

Yongming Chen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Sung Ju Cho Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada U. Hyeok Choi Functional Composites Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, South Korea Lay-Lay Chua Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore Daniel Citterio Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan Eamonn D. Conrad Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Anthony J. Convertine Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Patrick Couvreur Faculte´ de Pharmacie, Universite´ Paris–Sud, Châtenay– Malabry, Cedex, France Institut Galien Paris–Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Châtenay–Malabry, Cedex, France Franck D’Agosto Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polyme`res et Proce´de´s (C2P2), LCPP group, Universite´ de Lyon, University of Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Villeurbanne, France Liming Dai Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Enrico Dalcanale Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy Larry R. Dalton Departments of Chemistry and Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Amit Das Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland Pooja Daswani Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich,€ Switzerland Raleigh L. Davis Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Umit B. Demirci Institut Europeén des Membranes – IEM, UMR ENSCM- UM-CNRS 5635, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France Francesco Di Stasio Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy xxviii Contributors

Wilma K. Dierkes Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Ionel Adrian Dinu Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Brian R. Donovan School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA Jeffrey F. Dormish Adhesive Raw Materials, Bayer MaterialScience LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Christoph Edlinger Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Siegfried Eigler Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg€ (FAU), Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Furth,€ Germany Takeshi Endo Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, Fukuoka, Japan Jan M. Englert Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Furth,€ Germany In Yong Eom Green Chemistry and Engineering Division, Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Thomas P. Farrell Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Xinliang Feng Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany Salvatore Filippone Departamento de Quı´mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı´mica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain Erik Frank Institut fur€ Textilchemie und Chemiefasern, Denkendorf, Germany Benny D. Freeman University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Holger Frey Institut fur€ Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg- Universit€at Mainz, Mainz, Germany Liat Frid School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Jens Friedrichs Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany Michiya Fujiki Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-Nara, Japan Atsuhiro Fujimori Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan Contributors xxix

Takashi Fukuda Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan

Masamitsu Funaoka Department of Environmental Science and Technol- ogy, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan

Tetsuya Furuike Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Yuki Furukawa Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and Gradu- ate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Vassilios Galiatsatos Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden), Dresden, Saxony, Germany

Changyou Gao MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Haifeng Gao Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

Jueyuan Gao Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Derek P. Gates Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Mario Gauthier Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Makoto Gemmei-Ide Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

Ulrich Giese Deutsches Institut fur€ Kautschuktechnologie e. V., Hannover, Germany

Ivan Gitsov SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA

P. S. Goh Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Jian Ping Gong Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Manesh Gopinadhan Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

Raita Goseki Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Insti- tute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan xxx Contributors

Eliana Grant Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polyme`res et Proce´de´s (C2P2), LCPP group, Universite´ de Lyon, University of Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Villeurbanne, France Jurgen€ Groll Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg,€ Wurzburg,€ Germany Zhibin Guan Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Yohann Guillaneuf Aix-Marseille Universite´, CNRS, Marseille, France Takahiro Gunji Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan Vipul Gupta Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Rainer Haag Freie Universit€at Berlin, Institut fur€ Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany Nikos Hadjichristidis Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Uwe Hahn Laboratoire de Chimie des Mate´riaux Mole´culaires, Universite´ de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Europe´enne de Chimie, Polyme`res et Mate´riaux (ECPM), Strasbourg, France Karl W. Haider Polyurethane Raw Materials, Bayer MaterialScience LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Marcus Halik Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg€ (FAU), Erlangen, Germany Susumu Hama Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceuti- cal University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan Hiroshi Handa Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Akira Harada Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Kazutoshi Haraguchi Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan Shimpei Hasegawa Polymeric Agents Research Department, Sanyo Chem- ical Industries, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan Akihito Hashidzume Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Contributors xxxi

Tamotsu Hashimoto Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, Japan Terunari Hayashi Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan Sophia C. Hayes Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Martin Heeney Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK Gert Heinrich Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Masahiro Henmi Technology center, Toray Industries, Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan Zachary Henson Chemistry Department, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Christian Hintze Institut fur€ Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Tomohiro Hirano Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Insti- tute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan Koichi Hirao North Eastern Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan Andreas Hirsch Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Rongrong Hu Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Cong Truc Huynh Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Hermis Iatrou Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Shohei Ida Department of Materials Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan Eiji Ihara Department of Material Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan Masayuki Imai Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan xxxii Contributors

Yusuke Imai Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Insti- tute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Yoshinori Inoue AdSep Business Promotion Department, Nippon Filcon Co., Ltd, Inagi, Tokyo, Japan Masahiro Irie Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan Jennifer A. Irvin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA Kazuhiko Ishihara Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engi- neering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Takashi Ishizone Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan A. F. Ismail Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Akira Isogai Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan Takuya Isono Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Polymer Chemistry Labora- tory, Sapporo, Japan Yoshinobu Isono Department of Materials Science and Technology, Grad- uate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan Zachary W. Iszard Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA Kohzo Ito Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Yoshihiro Ito Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan Maki Itoh Dow Corning, Resins, Coatings, and Adhesives Product Development, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan Shinichi Itsuno Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan Dmytro Ivaneyko Department of Mechanics and Structure, Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Takafumi Iwaki Department of Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan Contributors xxxiii

Takeru Iwamura Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo City University, Setagaya–ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo City University, Setagaya–ku, Tokyo, Japan Tadahisa Iwata Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomate- rial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Karin Jacobs Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrucken,€ Germany Jonggeon Jegal Green Chemistry and Engineering Division, Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Jens Oluf Jensen Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Proton Conductors Section, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Shaohua Jiang Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Macro- molecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany Shigehiro Kagaya Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan Hiroshi Kageyama University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan Toshikuni Kaino Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Michael Kaliske Institute for Structural Analysis, Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Jovan Kamcev McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Masami Kamigaito Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Arihiro Kanazawa Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Hitoshi Kanazawa Department of Industrial System, Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan Tatsuo Kaneko School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan Richard B. Kaner Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Alexander L. Kanibolotsky WestCHEM, Department of Pure an Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK xxxiv Contributors

The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, L. M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical–Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Donetsk, Ukraine Shinobu Kawaguchi Polymeric Agents Research Department, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan Seiichi Kawahara Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan Fusako Kawai Center for Textile Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan Akifumi Kawamura Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Akihiko Kikuchi Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan Do-Nyun Kim Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea So Youn Kim Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Young-Joo Kim Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea Masahiro Kimura Global Environment Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan Shunsaku Kimura Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Yoshiharu Kimura Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan Shinichi Kitamura Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan Takehiro Kitaura Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Manfred Kluppel€ Department of Material Concepts and Modeling, Deutsches Institut fur€ Kautschuktechnologie e. V., Hannover, Germany Hisatoshi Kobayashi WPI-MANA (International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Motoyasu Kobayashi Department of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan Shingo Kobayashi Department of Biochemical Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan Contributors xxxv

Shiro Kobayashi Center for Fiber and Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Joby J. Kochumalayil Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Keiichi Koda Division of Environmental Resources, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Kentaro Kogure Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceu- tical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Yasuhiro Koike Keio Photonics Research Institute, Keio University, Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan

Kenta Kokado Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Akshay Kokil Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA

Evgeniia Konishcheva Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Jindrˇich Kopecˇek Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

Hiromitsu Kozuka Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Takaya Kubo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroto Kudo Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka Prefecture, Japan

Masao Kunioka Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemis- try, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Shigeru Kunugi Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan

Kazue Kurihara WPI-AIMR (Advanced Institute for Materials Research) and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Jorge Lacayo-Pineda Continental, R&D Tires, Hanover, Germany

James J. Lai Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA xxxvi Contributors

Jacky W. Y. Lam Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Muriel Lansalot Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polyme`res et Proce´de´s (C2P2), LCPP group, Universite´ de Lyon, University of Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Villeurbanne, France Marco Lattuada Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Doo Sung Lee Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Jae-Hwang Lee Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Jose Ramon Leiza POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain Qingfeng Li Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Proton Conductors Section, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Wen Li Lab of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China Zhang Liqun Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Univer- sity of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Emil J. W. List-Kratochvil NanoTecCenter Weiz Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Weiz, Austria Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria Victor Litvinov DSM Resolve, Geleen, The Netherlands Jun Liu Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, P. R. China Luyao Lu Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Xing Lu State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China Brittany Lynn College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Zhipeng Ma Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engi- neering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Contributors xxxvii

Mizuo Maeda Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

Kenji Makino Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio Photonics Research Institute, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Shashwat Malhotra Freie Universit€at Berlin, Institut fur€ Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany

Zhengwei Mao MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Seth R. Marder School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

Hanna J. Maria International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

Nazario Martı´n Departamento de Quı´mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı´mica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain IMDEA–Nanoscience, Madrid, Spain

Atsushi Maruyama Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

Fusayoshi Masuda Sanyo Chemical Industries, Kyoto, Japan

Toshio Masuda Department of Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

Kyoko Masui Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Kazunari Masutani Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Hidetoshi Matsumoto Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Ken’ichiro Matsumoto Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita-ku, Japan

Hideki Matsuoka Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan

Shin-ichi Matsuoka Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan xxxviii Contributors

Yushu Matsushita Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Iain McCulloch Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electron- ics, Imperial College London, London, UK Joshua D. McGraw Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrucken,€ Germany Mary Ann B. Meador Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Wolfgang Meier Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Michele Melchionna Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy Philippe Miele Institut Europe´en des Membranes – IEM, UMR ENSCM- UM-CNRS 5635, ENSCM, Montpellier, France Keigo Mikame Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan Mikiji Miyata The Institute of Scientiﬁc and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Takashi Miyata Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Kensuke Miyazaki Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan Toshiki Miyazaki Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineer- ing, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan Shuji Mizumoto Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan Paula Moldenaers Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium Martin Mo¨ller DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Insti- tute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Univer- sity, Aachen, Germany Hideharu Mori Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Depart- ment of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engi- neering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan Yasuhiro Morisaki Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku/Kyoto, Japan Ahmad Mousa Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineer- ing, Al Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan Contributors xxxix

Georges Moussa Institut Europe´en des Membranes – IEM, UMR ENSCM- UM-CNRS 5635, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Sophie S. Muller€ Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany Graduate School MAINZ, Mainz, Germany

Udo Mundloch Lehrstuhl fur€ Organische Chemie II, Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Furth,€ Bavaria, Germany

Simona Mura Faculte´ de Pharmacie, Universite´ Paris–Sud, Ch^atenay– Malabry, Cedex, France Institut Galien Paris–Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Ch^atenay–Malabry, Cedex, France

Yasuyuki Murase Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

Piercarlo Mustarelli Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Katsuya Mutoh Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engi- neering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

Kazukiyo Nagai Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan

Naoko Nagai Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan

Shigeru Nagase Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto Univer- sity, Kyoto, Japan

Baiju G. Nair Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

Kensuke Naka Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Grad- uate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku/Kyoto, Japan

Tasuku Nakajima Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yasushi Nakajima Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan

Kazuki Nakanishi Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Mitsuru Nakano Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, Japan

Ryo Nakano Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Tamaki Nakano Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan xl Contributors

Hisayuki Nakatani Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan Yuushou Nakayama Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan Akimitsu Narita Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany Kinsuk Naskar Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology- Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India Julien Nicolas Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Faculte´ de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, University Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France Jean-François Nierengarten Laboratoire de Chimie des Mate´riaux Molećulaires, Universite´ de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Europeénne de Chimie, Polyme`res et Mate´riaux (ECPM), Strasbourg, France Haruo Nishida Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Tech- nology, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan Yoshiyuki Nishio Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Nobuhiro Nishiyama Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan Jacques W. M. Noordermeer Faculty of Engineering Technology, Depart- ment of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Kyoko Nozaki Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Yukari Oda Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Tomoki Ogoshi Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Kakuma-machi, Japan Hitomi Ohara Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan Tomoyuki Ohishi Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Masashi Ohmae Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Yoshihiro Ohta Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan Chikara Ohtsuki Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, Japan Contributors xli

Yuichi Ohya Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Yoshio Okamoto Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China Taka-aki Okamura Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Masayoshi Okubo Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Hidenori Okuzaki Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan Kohtaro Osakada Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan Chinedum O. Osuji Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineer- ing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Hideyuki Otsuka Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Makoto Ouchi Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Toshiyuki Oyama Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Japan Constantinos Paleos Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientiﬁc Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece Cornelia G. Palivan Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Christian Papp Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl fur€ Physikalische Chemie II, Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg,€ Erlangen, Germany Derek L. Patton School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA Maria Paulis POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain N. Peyghambarian College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Catherine Picart CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), MINATEC, Universite´ de Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Grenoble, France xlii Contributors

Lakshmi R. Pillai International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India Roberta Pinalli Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy Marinos Pitsikalis Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Laly A. Pothen Department of Chemistry, C.M.S. College, Kottayam, Kerala, India Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala, India Maurizio Prato Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy Dominik Prenzel Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisci- plinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen- Nurnberg,€ Erlangen, Germany John L. Provis Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Univer- sity of Shefﬁeld, Shefﬁeld, UK Coleen Pugh Department of Polymer Science, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA Anjun Qin MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Guangdong Innovative Research Team, State Key Laboratory of Lumines- cent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China Eliana Quartarone Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy V. S. Raman Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschnung, Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Institut fur€ Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Seth Rasmussen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA Kedar Ratkanthwar School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, MS, India Matthew T. Ravalli Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Richard A. Register Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Contributors xliii

Garry L. Rempel Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Tanchen Ren MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Christopher G. Robertson High Institute for Elastomer Industries, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia The University of Akron Research Foundation, Akron, OH, USA Eastman Chemical Company, Akron, OH, USA

Michael Roessle Development Anionic, R&D Synthetic Rubber, Styron Deutschland GmbH, Merseburg, Germany

C. M. Roland Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA

Xia Rong School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China

S. Rooj Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschnung, Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany

V. G. Rostiashvili Polymer Theory Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany

Shi Rui Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, China

James Runt Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylva- nia State University, University Park, PA, USA

Chang Y. Ryu Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

Kazuki Sada Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Hiromu Saito Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan

Toshikazu Sakaguchi Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, Japan

Satoshi Sakamoto Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Yuka Sakuma Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan xliv Contributors

Chrystelle Salameh Institut Europe´en des Membranes – IEM, UMR ENSCM-UM-CNRS 5635, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France Ryan R. Salata Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA Ifor D. W. Samuel Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Phys- ics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK Fumio Sanda Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Depart- ment of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Marina Saphiannikova Department of Mechanics and Structure, Leibniz- Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Janak Sapkota Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Marly, Switzerland Kotaro Satoh Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Toshifumi Satoh Faculty of Engineering, Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Materials Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Hideo Sawada Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan Mitsuo Sawamoto Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan A. Dieter Schluter€ Institute of Polymers, ETH Hoenggerberg, Zurich,€ Switzerland Thomas Schmaltz Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg€ (FAU), Erlangen, Germany Carmen Scholz Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Hunts- ville, Huntsville, AL, USA Bob C. Schroeder Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK Hiroshi Segawa Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Matthias Seiler Heitkamp and Thumann group Dusseldorf,€ Evonik Degussa, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Takahiro Seki Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan Alan Sellinger Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA Contributors xlv

T. Sharika International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India Jun Shen Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China C. X. Sheng Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA An-Chang Shi Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster Univer- sity, Hamilton, ON, Canada Mitsuhiro Shibayama Institute for Solid State of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Toshiyuki Shikata Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan Hiroaki Shimomoto Department of Material Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan Ryohei Shindo Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Tama- ku, Kawasaki, Japan Yu Shinke Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Takeshi Shiono Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan Masamitsu Shirai Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan Yasuhiko Shirota Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Satoru Shoji Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Anirudha Singh Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Departments of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Masahiko Sisido Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The Grad- uate School of Natural Science and Technology, Research Core for Interdis- ciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Kita-ku, Japan Peter J. Skabara WestCHEM, Department of Pure an Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Mario Smet Department of Chemistry, Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium Kaylie J. Smith Leaﬁeld Technical Centre, Ketonex Ltd, Langley, Witney, Oxfordshire, UK Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK xlvi Contributors

Zachary C. Smith Pearson Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemis- try, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA Dunja Sobot Faculte´ de Pharmacie, Universite´ Paris–Sud, Ch^atenay– Malabry, Cedex, France Institut Galien Paris–Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Ch^atenay–Malabry, Cedex, France Hiromitsu Sogawa Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Lakshmipriya Somasekharan International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India Mark D. Soucek Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA M. S. Sreekala Department of Chemistry, SreeSankara College Kalady, Enakulam, Kerala, India Manfred Stamm Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden and Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Patrick S. Stayton Department of Bioengineering, University of Washing- ton, Seattle, WA, USA Hans-Peter Steinruck€ Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl fur€ Physikalische Chemie II, Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg,€ Erlangen, Germany Klaus Werner Sto¨ckelhuber Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dres- den e.V., Dresden, Germany Kalaivani Subramaniam Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Atsushi Sudo Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan Kazuyuki Sugahara Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genomic Science and Technology, Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics Research Group, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Yoshiyuki Sugahara Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku–ku, Tokyo, Japan Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, Shinjuku–ku, Tokyo, Japan Shinji Sugihara Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, Japan Kazuki Sugimura Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Contributors xlvii

Nobuo Sugiura Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan Kenji Sugiyama Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan Dali Sun Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Jingzhi Sun MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Hirobumi Sunayama Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Yuji Suzaki Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan Shiho Suzuki Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan Yu Suzuki Tenure-Track Program for Innovative Research, University of Fukui, Fukui-shi, Fukui, Japan Zois Syrgiannis Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy Osamu Tabata Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Junji Tagami Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Akihiro Tagaya Keio Photonics Research Institute, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan Seiichi Taguchi Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita-ku, Japan Yoshiro Tahara Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Kenji Tajima Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita-ku, Japan Koji Takagi Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan Haruko Takahashi Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto–shi, Kyoto, Japan Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA xlviii Contributors

Yoshiaki Takahashi Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan Masato Takasaki Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo City University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Yoshinori Takashima Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Akinori Takasu Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan Toshikazu Takata Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Hiroyasu Takemoto Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan Mikihito Takenaka Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Yukikazu Takeoka Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Toshifumi Takeuchi Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Hiroshi Tamura Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Kazuo Tanaka Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan Ryo Tanaka Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engi- neering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan Ben Zhong Tang MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molec- ular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Guangdong Innovative Research Team, State Key Laboratory of Lumines- cent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guang- zhou, China Norihisa Tanio Faculty of Photonics Science and Technology, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Chitose, Japan Akihiko Tanioka Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Contributors xlix

Yoshikuni Teramoto Course of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

Minoru Terano School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan

Ken Terao Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Takaya Terashima Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Thiprampai Thamamongood Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Tech- nology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Sven Thiele Development Anionic, R&D Synthetic Rubber, Styron Deutschland GmbH, Merseburg, Germany

Edwin L. Thomas Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

Merin Sara Thomas International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India Department of Chemistry, C.M.S. College, Kottayam, Kerala, India

Sabu Thomas International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India School of Chemical Sciences, International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selongor, Shah Alam, Malaysia

Samuel W. Thomas III Pearson Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA

Yutaka Tokiwa Green Products Laboratory Ltd., Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan

Ikuyoshi Tomita Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

Weijun Tong MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Levent Toppare Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

Vladimir Toshchevikov Department of Mechanics and Structure, Leibniz- Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany l Contributors

John G. Tsavalas Nanostructured Polymers Research Center, Materials Science Program and Chemistry Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA Hideto Tsuji Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan Yasuhisa Tsukahara Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan Naoto Tsutsumi Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan Graham A. Turnbull Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK Rik R. Tykwinski Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisci- plinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen- Nurnberg,€ Erlangen, Germany Leto-Aikaterini Tziveleka Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientiﬁc Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece Satoshi Uchida Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Yuko Uchimaru Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Yusuke Ueda SDP Global Co., Ltd., Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan Takeshi Ueki Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Kathryn Uhrich Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA Mathias Ulbricht Lehrstuhl fur€ Technische Chemie II, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universit€at Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany David Ulkoski Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Hunts- ville, Huntsville, AL, USA Tadashi Uragami Functional Separation Membrane Research Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan Osamu Urakawa Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Yasumitsu Uraki Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Contributors li

Arimitsu Usuki Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, Japan Hiroshi Uyama Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Z. Valy Vardeny Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Alex M. van Herk Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Jurong Island, Singapore Valentina Vasilevskaya A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia T. A. Vilgis Polymer Theory Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany Dimali Amarasinghe Vithanage Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK Stephanie L. Vivod Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Udo Wagenknecht Institute of Polymer Materials, Leibniz-Institut fur€ Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany Ernst Wagner Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig–Maximilians– University, Munich, Germany Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany Dayang Wang Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia Hui Wang Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Leyong Wang Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China Qiang Wang Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Akira Watanabe Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Hideto Watanabe Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan Christoph Weder Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Chuan Wei Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA lii Contributors

R. A. Weiss Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA Carsten Werner Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany Sven Wiessner Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Department of Elastomers, Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany Wallace W. H. Wong Bio21 Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Colin Wright Department of Polymer Science, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA Haiqiang Wu MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Jiansheng Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Jishan Wu Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Sai Wu MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functiona- lization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Univer- sity, Hangzhou, China Frederik R. Wurm Max Planck Institut fur€ Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany Xingquan Xiong College of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Huaqiao, Xiamen, China Bunichiro Yamada Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City Univer- sity, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan Shinji Yamada New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku Univer- sity, Sendai, Japan Shuhei Yamada Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan Tada-aki Yamagishi Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Kakuma-machi, Japan Hiroyasu Yamaguchi Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Masayuki Yamaguchi School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Insti- tute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan Contributors liii

Yuki Yamaguchi Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Koji Yamanaka Organo Corporation, R & D Center, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

Tetsuji Yamaoka Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita/Osaka, Japan

Hiroaki Yamashita Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

Deyue Yan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China

Jiatao Yan Lab of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

Hengquan Yang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China

Jiyuan Yang Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

Xinlin Yang Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

Hiroyuki Yano Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan

Chin Pang Yau Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK

Tsutomu Yokozawa Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan

Tetsu Yonezawa Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Ryo Yoshida Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Kenichi Yoshikawa Department of Biomedical Information, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan

Nicholas P. Young Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineer- ing, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Ju Hyun Yu Green Chemistry and Engineering Division, Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea liv Contributors

Luping Yu Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Tim Zeiner Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Labo- ratory of Fluid Separations, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Afang Zhang Lab of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China Baozhong Zhang Lund University, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund, Sweden Dongshi Zhang Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration, Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Dongwei Zhang Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China Qichun Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Wenbo Zhang MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Wei Zhao Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl fur€ Physikalische Chemie II, Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg,€ Erlangen, Germany Tianlei Zhou Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA Yongfeng Zhou School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China