Sh'lach L'cha 2021 Numbers 13:1-15:41 Haft: Joshua 2:1-24

Home , Hebron (biblical figure), Kadesh (biblical), Shlach

Source Sheet by david straus

Shelach is the 37th parashah in the annual cycle of Torah reading. It tells the story of the Israelite spies journeying into Canaan, their fear and lack of faith, and the resulting punishment that struck the nation. It ends with laws about offerings, the story of the Sabbath desecrator, and the commandment to wear ritual fringes

Deuteronomy 1:19-46 (19) We set out from Horeb and traveled the great and terrible wilderness that you saw, along the road to the hill country of the Amorites, as the LORD our God had commanded us. When we reached Kadesh-barnea, (20) I said to you, “You have come to the hill country of the Amorites which the LORD our God is giving to us. (21) See, the LORD your God has placed the land at your disposal. Go up, take possession, as the LORD, the God of your fathers, promised you. Fear not and be not dismayed.” (22) Then all of you came to me and said, “Let us send men ahead to reconnoiter the land for us and bring back word on the route we shall follow and the cities we shall come to.” (23) I approved of the plan, and so I selected twelve of your men, one from each tribe. (24) They made for the hill country, came to the wadi Eshcol, and spied it out. (25) They took some of the fruit of the land with them and brought it down to us. And they gave us this report: “It is a good land that the LORD our God is giving to us.” (26) Yet you refused to go up, and flouted the command of the LORD your God. (27) You sulked in your tents and said, “It is because the LORD hates us that He brought us out of the land of Egypt, to hand us over to the Amorites to wipe us out. (28) What kind of place are we going to? Our kinsmen have taken the heart out of us, saying, ‘We saw there a people stronger and taller than we, large cities with walls sky-high, and even Anakites.’” (29) I said to you, “Have no dread or fear of them. (30) None other than the LORD your God, who goes before you, will fight for you, just as He did for you in Egypt before your very eyes, (31) and in the wilderness, where you saw how the LORD your God carried you, as a man carries his son, all the way that you traveled until you came to this place. (32) Yet for all that, you have no faith in the LORD your God, (33) who goes before you on your journeys—to scout the place where you are to encamp—in fire by night and in cloud by day, in order to guide you on the route you are to follow.” (34) When the LORD heard your loud complaint, He was angry. He vowed: (35) Not one of these men, this evil generation, shall see the good land that I swore to give to your fathers— (36) none except Caleb son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and to him and his descendants will I give the land on which he set foot, because he remained loyal to the LORD. (37) Because of you the LORD was incensed with me too, and He said: You shall not enter it either. (38) Joshua son of Nun, who attends you, he shall enter it. Imbue him with strength, for he shall allot it to Israel. (39) Moreover, your little ones who you said would be carried off, your children who do not yet know good from bad, they shall enter it; to them will I give it and they shall possess it. (40) As for you, turn about and march into the wilderness by the way of the Sea of Reeds. (41) You replied to me, saying, “We stand guilty before the LORD. We will go up now and fight, just as the LORD our God commanded us.” And you all girded yourselves with war gear and recklessly started for the hill country. (42) But the LORD said to me, “Warn them: Do not go up and do not fight, since I am not in your midst; else you will be routed by your enemies.” (43) I spoke to you, but you would not listen; you flouted the LORD’s command and willfully marched into the hill country. (44) Then the Amorites who lived in those hills came out against you like so many bees and chased you, and they crushed you at Hormah in Seir. (45) Again you wept before the LORD; but the LORD would not heed your cry or give ear to you. (46) Thus, after you had remained at Kadesh all that long time,

Numbers 13:1-4 (1) The LORD spoke to Moses, saying, (2) “Send men to scout the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelite people; send one man from each of their ancestral tribes, each one a chieftain among them.” (3) So Moses, by the LORD’s command, sent them out from the wilderness of Paran, all the men being leaders of the Israelites. (4) And these were their names: From the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zaccur.

Numbers 13:17-33 (17) When Moses sent them to scout the land of Canaan, he said to them, “Go up there into the Negeb and on into the hill country, (18) and see what kind of country it is. Are the people who dwell in it strong or weak, few or many? (19) Is the country in which they dwell good or bad? Are the towns they live in open or fortified? (20) Is the soil rich or poor? Is it wooded or not? And take pains to bring back some of the fruit of the land.”—Now it happened to be the season of the first ripe grapes. (21) They went up and scouted the land, from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, at Lebo-hamath. (22) They went up into the Negeb and came to Hebron, where lived Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the Anakites.—Now Hebron was founded seven years before Zoan of Egypt.— (23) They reached the wadi Eshcol, and there they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes—it had to be borne on a carrying frame by two of them—and some pomegranates and figs. (24) That place was named the wadi Eshcol because of the cluster that the Israelites cut down there. (25) At the end of forty days they returned from scouting the land. (26) They went straight to Moses and Aaron and the whole Israelite community at Kadesh in the wilderness of Paran, and they made their report to them and to the whole community, as they showed them the fruit of the land. (27) This is what they told him: “We came to the land you sent us to; it does indeed flow with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. (28) However, the people who inhabit the country are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large; moreover, we saw the Anakites there. (29) Amalekites dwell in the Negeb region; Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites inhabit the hill country; and Canaanites dwell by the Sea and along the Jordan.” (30) Caleb hushed the people before Moses and said, “Let us by all means go up, and we shall gain possession of it, for we shall surely overcome it.” (31) But the men who had gone up with him said, “We cannot attack that people, for it is stronger than we.” (32) Thus they spread calumnies among the Israelites about the land they had scouted, saying, “The country that we traversed and scouted is one that devours its settlers. All the people that we saw in it are men of great size; (33) we saw the Nephilim there—the Anakites are part of the Nephilim— and we looked like grasshoppers to ourselves, and so we must have looked to them.”

Numbers 14:1-45 (1) The whole community broke into loud cries, and the people wept that night. (2) All the Israelites railed against Moses and Aaron. “If only we had died in the land of Egypt,” the whole community shouted at them, “or if only we might die in this wilderness! (3) Why is the LORD taking us to that land to fall by the sword? Our wives and children will be carried off! It would be better for us to go back to Egypt!” (4) And they said to one another, “Let us head back for Egypt.” (5) Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembled congregation of the Israelites. (6) And Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, of those who had scouted the land, rent their clothes (7) and exhorted the whole Israelite community: “The land that we traversed and scouted is an exceedingly good land. (8) If the LORD is pleased with us, He will bring us into that land, a land that flows with milk and honey, and give it to us; (9) only you must not rebel against the LORD. Have no fear then of the people of the country, for they are our prey: their protection has departed from them, but the LORD is with us. Have no fear of them!” (10) As the whole community threatened to pelt them with stones, the Presence of the LORD appeared in the Tent of Meeting to all the Israelites. (11) And the LORD said to Moses, “How long will this people spurn Me, and how long will they have no faith in Me despite all the signs that I have performed in their midst? (12) I will strike them with pestilence and disown them, and I will make of you a nation far more numerous than they!” (13) But Moses said to the LORD, “When the Egyptians, from whose midst You brought up this people in Your might, hear the news, (14) they will tell it to the inhabitants of that land. Now they have heard that You, O LORD, are in the midst of this people; that You, O LORD, appear in plain sight when Your cloud rests over them and when You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night. (15) If then You slay this people to a man, the nations who have heard Your fame will say, (16) ‘It must be because the LORD was powerless to bring that people into the land He had promised them on oath that He slaughtered them in the wilderness.’ (17) Therefore, I pray, let my Lord’s forbearance be great, as You have declared, saying, (18) ‘The LORD! slow to anger and abounding in kindness; forgiving iniquity and transgression; yet not remitting all punishment, but visiting the iniquity of fathers upon children, upon the third and fourth generations.’ (19) Pardon, I pray, the iniquity of this people according to Your great kindness, as You have forgiven this people ever since Egypt.” (20) And the LORD said, “I pardon, as you have asked. (21) Nevertheless, as I live and as the LORD’s Presence fills the whole world, (22) none of the men who have seen My Presence and the signs that I have performed in Egypt and in the wilderness, and who have tried Me these many times and have disobeyed Me, (23) shall see the land that I promised on oath to their fathers; none of those who spurn Me shall see it. (24) But My servant Caleb, because he was imbued with a different spirit and remained loyal to Me—him will I bring into the land that he entered, and his offspring shall hold it as a possession. (25) Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites occupy the valleys. Start out, then, tomorrow and march into the wilderness by way of the Sea of Reeds.” (26) The LORD spoke further to Moses and Aaron, (27) “How much longer shall that wicked community keep muttering against Me? Very well, I have heeded the incessant muttering of the Israelites against Me. (28) Say to them: ‘As I live,’ says the LORD, ‘I will do to you just as you have urged Me. (29) In this very wilderness shall your carcasses drop. Of all of you who were recorded in your various lists from the age of twenty years up, you who have muttered against Me, (30) not one shall enter the land in which I swore to settle you—save Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun. (31) Your children who, you said, would be carried off—these will I allow to enter; they shall know the land that you have rejected. (32) But your carcasses shall drop in this wilderness, (33) while your children roam the wilderness for forty years, suffering for your faithlessness, until the last of your carcasses is down in the wilderness. (34) You shall bear your punishment for forty years, corresponding to the number of days—forty days—that you scouted the land: a year for each day. Thus you shall know what it means to thwart Me. (35) I the LORD have spoken: Thus will I do to all that wicked band that has banded together against Me: in this very wilderness they shall die to the last man.’” (36) As for the men whom Moses sent to scout the land, those who came back and caused the whole community to mutter against him by spreading calumnies about the land— (37) those who spread such calumnies about the land died of plague, by the will of the LORD. (38) Of those men who had gone to scout the land, only Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh survived. (39) When Moses repeated these words to all the Israelites, the people were overcome by grief. (40) Early next morning they set out toward the crest of the hill country, saying, “We are prepared to go up to the place that the LORD has spoken of, for we were wrong.” (41) But Moses said, “Why do you transgress the LORD’s command? This will not succeed. (42) Do not go up, lest you be routed by your enemies, for the LORD is not in your midst. (43) For the Amalekites and the Canaanites will be there to face you, and you will fall by the sword, inasmuch as you have turned from following the LORD and the LORD will not be with you.” (44) Yet defiantly they marched toward the crest of the hill country, though neither the LORD’s Ark of the Covenant nor Moses stirred from the camp. (45) And the Amalekites and the Canaanites who dwelt in that hill country came down and dealt them a shattering blow at Hormah.

Exodus 33:1-4 (1) Then the LORD said to Moses, “Set out from here, you and the people that you have brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying, ‘To your offspring will I give it’— (2) I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites— (3) a land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go in your midst, since you are a stiffnecked people, lest I destroy you on the way.” (4) When the people heard this harsh word, they went into mourning, and none put on his finery.

Exodus 33:18-23 (18) He said, “Oh, let me behold Your Presence!” (19) And He answered, “I will make all My goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim before you the name LORD, and the grace that I grant and the compassion that I show. (20) But,” He said, “you cannot see My face, for man may not see Me and live.” (21) And the LORD said, “See, there is a place near Me. Station yourself on the rock (22) and, as My Presence passes by, I will put you in a cleft of the rock and shield you with My hand until I have passed by. (23) Then I will take My hand away and you will see My back; but My face must not be seen.”

Exodus 34:6-9 (6) The LORD passed before him and proclaimed: “The LORD! the LORD! a God compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in kindness and faithfulness, (7) extending kindness to the thousandth generation, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin; yet He does not remit all punishment, but visits the iniquity of parents upon children and children’s children, upon the third and fourth generations.” (8) Moses hastened to bow low to the ground in homage, (9) and said, “If I have gained Your favor, O Lord, pray, let the Lord go in our midst, even though this is a stiffnecked people. Pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for Your own!”

Rashi on Numbers 13:2:2 (2) For yourself; I am not commanding you, If you want to-send spies. Because the Jews came to Moshe and said "let us send spies before we enter" as quoted in the verse... Moshe took counsel with G-d. G-d replied "I already told you that the land is good...By my life, I give you the option to choose incorrectly by following the spies and not inherit the land."

Rashi Send men for yourself. Why was the section on the spies adjacent to the section about Miriam? Because she was struck on account of the slander she spoke about her brother and these evil people saw and did not take a lesson. Send for yourself….Because Israel came and they said let’s send men before us as it says you all approached me etc. And Moshe consulted with the Shekhinah and he said “I told them that it was good! As it says I will raise you up from the oppression of Egypt...to a land flowing with milk and honey. By their lives! I will give them an opportunity to make a mistake regarding the words of the spies so that they do not inherit it!” They were all men any time it says “men” in the Bible it is a language of importance. At that time they were kosher

Ramban Bemidbar 13:2 Send men for yourself...And what was their grave sin and their error when they said to him Yet the people who live in the land are strong, and the towns are fortified and very large? Did he send them so that they would testify falsely? But the way to settle the matter is in this, that Israel said, like all people who come to fight against a foreign land, that they should send people ahead of them to know the roads and the entranced to the cities and when they return the scouts would be at the head of the army to instruct them in how to approach… and this is a proper approach for any conqueror of lands, and Moshe did this himself as it says Moshe sent to scout out Yazer...Therefore it was good in Moshe’s eyes. Because the Torah would not encourage one to rely in all of their doings on a miracle, rather it would enjoin combatants to gird and guard themselves and to lay in wait, like the Torah states regarding the war at Ai, which was by God’s word (and in many other places). Therefore Moshe consulted with the Shekhinah and God gave him permission and said to him You yourself should send men and they will scout out the land of Canaan and they will get to know it and tell you and according to their word you will be advised regarding the conquering...

Or HaChayim ...Indeed the matter will be explained according to their words za”l who said and I quote their words: At first they gathered around Moshe to [convince him] to send the spies, but he didn’t want to and he said to them, “God already promised us!” And they said to him, “The nations know that we are coming to dispossess them and they are going to bury their money and when Israel comes they won’t find anything and God’s word will turn out to have been for naught (God forbid)” - then the matter was good in the eyes of Moshe that they said we will dig up the land for ourselves meaning the ditches where they would hide their money etc. and when Moshe heard this He was trapped by them. So we can see from that which they carefully said “trapped by them” that this indicates that they spoke deceitfully and they caught him in deceit. But it isn’t known what the exact deceitful thing is that they said that trapped him. Indeed there are two types of spying. One is the spying to find out the best way to enter...The second spying is a general spying is when they want to see and evaluate if they have the ability to conquer. And this is the spying that Israel schemed about to send someone to spy on the general land of Canaan as is made explicit by what happened, and this speaks to little faith and looking for an excuse [not to enter]...And to send spies for [the first goal] is not bad. Yehoshua similarly sent spies for this need as I have written, and this isn’t bad. Only spying for the reason that Israel sent [is bad] and that’s why they tricked Moshe…

Midrash Tanhuma (Buber) Shelach 5 Wherever it says men - they are righteous. As it says Moshe said to Yehoshua, choose men for us… And you are calling these people fools?! They aren’t called fools, but for the fact that they spoke slanderously about the Land as it says one who slanders is a fool. Nevertheless they were great people who made themselves into fools. And about them Moshe said, for they are a turned-around generation For they were chosen from all of Israel, by the word of the Holy Blessed One by the word of Moshe. As it says and the matter was good in my eyes. From here you learn that they were righteous in the eyes of Israel and in the eyes of Moshe. And later on, after 40 days, they changed and they made all of this trouble. And they caused that generation to be struck with that same plague as it says for they are a turned-around generation - that they were established as righteous but changed themselves. Therefore it says Send men for yourself. Rabbi Jonathan Sacks I prefer the word “hope” to “optimism.” Optimism is the belief that things will get better; hope is the belief that together we can make things better. No Jew, knowing Jewish history, can be an optimist, but no Jew worthy of the name abandons hope. The most pessimistic of the Prophets, from Amos to Jeremiah, were still voices of hope. By their defeatism, the spies failed as leaders and as Jews. To be a Jew is to be an agent of hope. The most remarkable by far of all the commentators on the episode of the spies was the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson. He raised the obvious question. The Torah emphasises that the spies were all leaders, princes, heads of tribes. They knew that God was with them, and that with His help there was nothing they could not do. They knew that God would not have promised them a land they could not conquer. Why then did they come back with a negative report? His answer turns the conventional understanding of the spies upside-down. They were, he said, not afraid of defeat. They were afraid of victory. What they said to the people was one thing, but what led them to say it was another entirely. What was their situation now, in the wilderness? They lived in close and continuous proximity to God. They drank water from a rock. They ate manna from heaven. They were surrounded by the Clouds of Glory. Miracles accompanied them along the way. What would be their situation in the land? They would have to fight wars, plough the land, plant seed, gather harvests, create and sustain an army, an economy and a welfare system. They would have to do what every other nation does: live in the real world of empirical space. What would become of their relationship with God? Yes, He would still be present in the rain that made crops grow, in the blessings of field and town, and in the Temple in Jerusalem that they would visit three times a year, but not visibly, intimately, miraculously, as He was in the desert. This is what the spies feared: not failure but success. This, said the Rebbe, was a noble sin but still a sin. God wants us to live in the real world of nations, economies and armies. God wants us, as He put it, to create “a dwelling place in the lower world.” He wants us to bring the Shechinah, the Divine Presence, into everyday life. It is easy to find God in total seclusion and escape from responsibility. It is hard to find God in the office, in business, in farms and fields and factories and finance. But it is that hard challenge to which we are summoned: to create a space for God in the midst of this physical world that He created and seven times pronounced good. That is what ten of the spies failed to understand, and it was a spiritual failure that condemned an entire generation to forty years of futile wandering.

Shelach has an intersting bracket. It opens with the sending of the spies to Canaan and their subsequent report to the people, and it closes with the mitzvah of tzitzit, "fringes." Imagine that the rabbis had an idea when they decided to bracket the portion like that. What connections can you find between the story and the mitzvah? Numbers 15:37-41 (37) The LORD said to Moses as follows: (38) Speak to the Israelite people and instruct them to make for themselves fringes on the corners of their garments throughout the ages; let them attach a cord of blue to the fringe at each corner. (39) That shall be your fringe; look at it and recall all the commandments of the LORD and observe them, so that you do not follow your heart and eyes in your lustful urge. (40) Thus you shall be reminded to observe all My commandments and to be holy to your God. (41) I the LORD am your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God: I, the LORD your God.

Rashi on Numbers 15:39:2 has the same meaning as in (Num. 13:25), “and they returned from תתרו The verb the land”. (The translation therefore is: AND YOU SHALL NOT (מתור) searching SEARCH AFTER YOUR OWN HEART). The heart and the eyes are the “spies” of the body — they act as its agents for sinning: the eye sees, the heart covets and the body commits the sin (cf. Berakhot 1:8; Tanchuma).

It seems that this sidrah is all about seeing--what we choose to see, and what we ignore. Caleb and Joshua saw the beauty of the land. The remaining spies could see only obstacles that stood in the way of the Israelites taking possession of the land. And the Israelites themselves, who heard the spies' reports, were blinded by their fear of the unknown, rather than being open to the opportunities that would be afforded to them as they enjoyed freedom in the land that had been promised to their ancestors. By contrast, the tzitzit require us to have our eyes open to appreciate them, and in so doing we are reminded of God's mitzvot and of the kindness that God showed to us in redeeming us from Egypt. We can go through our lives with blinders before our eyes, refusing to bear witness to God's graciousness toward us. Or, we can open eyes that have previously been blind and proclaim, Ashreinu, "How greatly have we been blessed!" (by Alan Cook, 2006, in Voices of Torah page 402-403)

Rashi They should make fringes. Named after the strings that are tied to [the garment] like he took me by the fringe (tzitzit) of my head. Alternately, tzitzit because and you will see it like peeking (metzitz) through the lattice And not follow the lust of your own heart like scouting (mitur) the land. The heart and the eyes are spies for the body. They are the middlemen for it to do sins - the eye sees, the heart wants, and the body does the sins Me’or Einayim (Menahem Mendel of Chernobyl-18th) Indeed the truth is as it has been written by us in a different place in the name of the Ba’al Shem Tov on the verse, watching through the windows peeking through the lattice. For the Creator Blessed be He is watching through the windows peeking through the lattice. Meaning that He contracts His fear over a person who is going to commit a transgression in secret. For every hour it appears to him and he is afraid lest another person see him. And he imagines in his mind and he is afraid as if someone/One is looking at him from behind the window and peeking through the lattice. And through this fear falls upon him as if someone/can see him. And he doesn’t know that it is the Supernal Fear contracts Himself for this person in order that he repent and separate from the transgression. Out of the great mercy of He who should be Blessed He contracts His fear, as it were, onto a person, on this person on this low level. And for this R. Yohanan ben Zakkai said to his students: May it be God’s will that the fear of Heaven shall be upon you like the fear of other people.

(by Alan Cook, 2006, in Voices of Torah page 402-403)

Chofetz Chaim, Rabbi Yisrael Meir HaKohen Kagan zt”l of Radin, asks a straightforward question. He says: this verse is truly amazing. The person who brought the Jewish people out of Egypt, who split the sea for them, and received the Torah from Heaven — how could he possibly consider himself smaller than everyone else? The answer is: true greatness is measured not in the eyes of other people, but in the eyes of G-d. We cannot judge people by absolute standards of measure. A person’s obligation, in the Service of G-d, is based upon how well he or she understands our obligation. Precisely because Moshe had ascended to Heaven, he believed that he had not fulfilled his obligations. He could not judge himself against the people “on the face of the earth,” for he alone had ascended to Heaven with the angels, and was required to be that much more like an angel than an ordinary man. We are not judged based upon where we are, but upon what we have accomplished with the “tools” we are given. Made with the Sefaria Source Sheet Builder w ww.sefaria.org/sheets