LDS Perspectives Podcast
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LDS Perspectives Podcast Episode 54: The JST in the D&C with Kenneth Alford (Released September 6, 2017) This is not a verbatim transcript. Some grammar and wording has been modified for clarity. Taunalyn: Hello, this is Taunalyn Rutherford, and I’m here today with Dr. Ken Alford to discuss his work on connections between the Doctrine and Covenants and the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible. Welcome, Ken. Ken Alford: Great, thank you. I appreciate the invitation. Taunalyn: Great to have you. Dr. Ken Alford is a professor of church history and doctrine at Brigham Young University. He served a mission in Bristol, England. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Brigham Young University and a Master of Arts in international relations from the University of Southern California, a master of computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, and a PhD in computer science from George Mason University. After serving almost thirty years on active duty in the United States Army, he retired as a colonel in 2008. During his service, his assignments included work in the Pentagon, teaching at the United States Military Academy at West Point, and working as a professor and department chair at the National Defense University in Washington, D.C. He has published and presented on a wide variety of subjects during his career. His current research focuses on Latter-day Saint military service and the Hyrum Smith Papers project. Ken and his wife, Sherilee, have four children and fourteen grandchildren. Today we’ll be focusing on another of your research interests — the connections between the Joseph Smith Translation and the Doctrine and Covenants. LDS Perspectives Podcast Episode 54: The JST in the D&C with Kenneth Alford Can you tell us — this was from a presentation that you gave at ED week — a little bit about your interest in these connections and some of the background information about the Joseph Smith Translation? Ken Alford: Well, my interest in the Joseph Smith Translation started actually before it was even included in the LDS version of the Bible. Growing up, I kept hearing about the “Inspired Version” and was always curious about what it was. As a student at Brigham Young University, I took a course from Dr. Robert J. Matthews, and it’s to Brother Matthews we, as a church, really owe a lot of our familiarity and relationship with the Joseph Smith Translation today. It was Dr. Matthews who, with his master’s and PhD, first really brought the Joseph Smith Translation back to the church. I took his course. It was what was called an “R” course. It was a repeatable course, and every semester he taught it a little bit differently. One semester it would be the Old Testament, one semester it would be the New Testament, etc. I took it, I think, four times. Taunalyn: Wow. Ken Alford: It was a one or two credit course. In fact, as I was seriously dating my wife, we ended up taking it together and we went through a copy published by the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Herald Publishing, and we marked all of the three thousand and four hundred and something changes in that Bible. That was our Sunday morning activity before church, and we actually marked every one of the changes. It was kind of a fun activity. I’ve just really enjoyed learning about the Joseph Smith Translation from especially that time until the present. Taunalyn: That’s been part of your marriage. Ken Alford: It has. Taunalyn: Fantastic. Before we look directly at connections between the Doctrine and Covenants and the Joseph Smith Translation, can you explain for our listeners why we call it a translation? http://www.ldsperspectives.com/2017/09/20/jst-dc-kenneth-alford/ Page 2 of 23 Episode 54: The JST in the D&C with Kenneth Alford Ken Alford: It’s a King James Version of the Bible — and it’s English, of course — and we end up with an English copy of the Bible. Dr. Matthews gave a statement that I’d just like to share. This is in a book he wrote called Joseph Smith’s Translation of the Bible, and here’s how he explained it. He said, “This is apparently the sense in which he, Joseph, understood the work he was doing with the Bible. Since the Bible did not originate in English, his work, to some degree, would amount to an inspired, or revelatory, translation into English of that which the ancient prophets and apostles had written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and/or Greek.” Now we should also note that Joseph referred to this effort, himself, as a translation. The Lord also, in revelations that are now canonized in the Doctrine and Covenants, refers to it as a translation. So [it’s a translation] in the sense that it takes the English that’s there and puts it into the English that gives a better sense of the original intent. I should note at this point though, that Joseph never, at any point, says he is restoring, word for word, the exact and original text as written by those original authors. What Joseph is doing is restoring the sense of the text and restoring the doctrine, and sometimes that involved adding parenthetical phrases that, almost certainly, were not in the original text. Other things happened in the translation; there are major additions, texts that have been lost — for example, much of the Book of Moses. There are other little pieces that have been lost. There are many hundreds of changes, little revisions to the text. There are also a couple of deletions. For example, Joseph said the entire book of Song of Solomon, he put a “not” that says, “Not inspired.” When you read it, it’s basically Hebrew love poetry. Taunalyn: Right. Ken Alford: There’s also several entire books, most of them from the Old Testament, in which no changes were made. For example, Malachi, Ruth, Esther, Ecclesiastes, and so on have no changes at all. In the New Testament, there’s only two books that don’t have changes though, and that’s 2 John and 3 John. The New Testament, proportionately, has a much higher percentage of changes that Joseph made. http://www.ldsperspectives.com/2017/09/20/jst-dc-kenneth-alford/ Page 3 of 23 Episode 54: The JST in the D&C with Kenneth Alford Taunalyn: Right, okay. Great distinction to make. Thank you. What kind of a Bible did Joseph Smith use to do his translation? Ken Alford: Well, here’s where I wish we were in audio or visual. Taunalyn: Video, right. Ken Alford: A video at the time, because I could show that what we’ve got on the table here is a copy. This is an 1834 addition of what’s called a Cooperstown Bible. It was produced by two brothers whose last name was Finney. Many times in publications it’s called a Finney Bible or a Finney– Cooperstown Bible. It was published in Cooperstown, New York, prior to the Baseball Hall of Fame going in there. What the Finneys did is they made stereo plate. Stereotype is what it’s called. It’s a metal plate of the page, so once they had produced an edition, they could rerun it. That’s what we have here. I have an 1834 edition, but on October 8th, 1828, there’s a note in the original that Joseph and Oliver Cowdery used that says that they purchased it from the Grandin Bookstore. That’s the same Grandin that published the Book of Mormon. They went into that bookstore on the 8th of October, 1829, and purchased a copy of this Finney–Cooperstown Bible. It’s a very large Bible. It’s eleven inches tall and nine inches wide. It has a beautiful leather binding. Taunalyn: Very beautiful. Ken Alford: The pages are huge. It’s three inches thick. It’s a very, very large Bible, and this is what they began and used throughout the Joseph Smith Translation. Taunalyn: Wonderful. Ken Alford: I should mention the original is housed today in the archives of the Community of Christ, which was formerly the Reorganized Church. Taunalyn: Great, thank you so much for sharing that. http://www.ldsperspectives.com/2017/09/20/jst-dc-kenneth-alford/ Page 4 of 23 Episode 54: The JST in the D&C with Kenneth Alford Could you help us understand a little about the history, the timeline, of the Joseph Smith Translation? For example, who served as scribes as he was receiving this translation? Ken Alford: Well, what we have is a series of events that occur. They buy the Bible but apparently don’t start on the Joseph Smith Translation right away, or if they do, there’s not much recorded. The earliest date that we have recorded for a translation effort is June 1830, and you can actually find that by going to the Pearl of Great Price and looking at Moses 1. Taunalyn: Right. Ken Alford: Earlier editions of the Doctrine and Covenants dated that differently. Through the research of Dr. Matthews and others, they were able to correctly date it as June of 1830. Just two months after the church is organized, there they are. They have this brand new church, lot of things going on, and Joseph is given this charge. He calls it a “branch of his calling,” and it’s kind of the way that the Lord uses to teach Joseph more of the gospel.