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Smart Buildings Combining energy efficiency, flexibility and comfort
Heller, Alfred; Uhd, Mette; Fischer-Nilesn, Pelle; Frederiksen, Jesper Klitgaard; Juhler-Verdoner, Helle; Hansen, Eva Egesborg; Torntoft, Birgitte; Kiar, Trine; Kronborg, Hanne; Petersen, Flemming Løkke Total number of authors: 17
Publication date: 2015
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Citation (APA): Heller, A., Uhd, M., Fischer-Nilesn, P., Frederiksen, J. K., Juhler-Verdoner, H., Hansen, E. E., Torntoft, B., Kiar, T., Kronborg, H., Petersen, F. L., Andreasen, J., Andersen, N. J., Kuehn, S., Eriksen, K. E., Sattrup, P. A., Kongebro, S., & Nørgaard, J. (2015). Smart Buildings: Combining energy efficiency, flexibility and comfort. State of Green.
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White papers for a green transition
SMART BUILDINGS
Combining energy efficiency, flexibility and comfort
INSIDE THIS WHITE PAPER
Building automation Building technologies impact the bigger picture
Smart buildings Automation makes buildings a flexible part of the energy system
Renovation The green potential of existing buildings
An intelligent approach to sustainable building design Thinking smart in the design phase 2 Foreword 3
A EUROPEAN ENERGY REVOLUTION A triple-win Energy Strategy – benefiting the economy, the society and the environment SMART BUILDINGS Combining energy efficiency, flexibility and comfort Version 1.0 Printed in October, 2015
Front page photo Cover photo showing Viborg Town Hall Architecture: Henning Larsen Architects Photo: Kontraframe
Editor in Chief State of Green Maroš Šefcovic Technical Editor Vice President of the European Danish Energy Association Commission for the Energy Union
Steering Committee Danish Energy Industries Federation Hans Peter Slente, [email protected] We are in the midst of a revolution. The in- really necessary; if there is no way we can The solutions you have highlighted man- Danish Energy Industries Federation Anne Lund Andersen, [email protected] dustrialised world which is highly depend- do without. The EU as a whole has commit- ifests, once again, that energy efficiency Danish Energy Association Helle Juhler-Verdoner, [email protected] ent on a secure supply of energy at compet- ted itself to improve its energy efficiency by provides Europe’s industry with an unpar- Danish Energy Association Jeppe Røn Hartmann, [email protected] itive prices has reached a breaking point. We at least 27% by 2030. alleled business opportunity. I have often Danish Energy Agency Jesper Ditlefsen, [email protected] in Europe now realise that our energy supply said that the Energy Union was a triple-win is dependent on external factors we cannot This ambitious target obliges all of us to Strategy, benefiting the economy, society, Contributors to White Paper control and that the traditional modes of work together; decision-makers and entre- and the environment. In your work – you ex- Technical University of Denmark Alfred Heller, [email protected] energy production, based on fossil fuels, preneurs, researchers and financial institu- emplify that! I therefore encourage you to Danfoss Mette Uhd, [email protected] have created the greatest threat lurking tions. For its part, the Commission will take a continue. I have no doubt that together we Schneider Electric Pelle Fischer-Nielsen, [email protected] human kind: climate change. series of measures in order to facilitate this can make Europe the most energy-efficient SE Energy & Climate Jesper Klitgaard Frederiksen, [email protected] transition. These include facilitating the continent. Danish Intelligent Energy Alliance Helle Juhler-Verdoner, [email protected] The European Commission has therefore access to finances when it comes to inno- UN City, Copenhagen Eva Egesborg Hansen, [email protected] made it a top priority to revolutionise vative efficiency projects, putting forward Yours, ABB Birgitte Torntoft, [email protected] Europe’s energy market, ensuring it is a Heating and Cooling Strategy for buildings Danfoss Trine Kiar, [email protected] secure, competitive and sustainable. One (where the saving potential is tremendous), Cronborg Hanne Kronborg, [email protected] of the most effective measures for reducing a Circular Economy Package which will Federation of Danish Building Industries Flemming Løkke Petersen, [email protected] both the energy price and its environmental address our resources consumption with a Kamstrup Jens Andreasen, [email protected] footprint is very simply to consume less. more holistic approach, and of course the Maroš Šefcovic Krydsrum Architects Niels Jakubiak Andersen, [email protected] promotion of research and innovation of Rockwool Susanne Kuehn, [email protected] We call it the ‘Efficiency First’ principle, new technologies. VELUX Group Kurt Emil Eriksen, [email protected] where we make sure that efficiency and Danish Association of Architectural Firms Peter Andreas Sattrup, [email protected] demand side response can compete on equal For all the above reasons, I warmly welcome Henning Larsen Architects Signe Kongebro, [email protected] terms with generation capacity. In other the Danish white paper, showcasing pioneer- Grundfos Jens Nørgaard, [email protected] words, before seeking new energy sources ing projects, from across Europe, which found we must ask ourselves if added energy is creative ways to be more energy-efficient. For more information To order copies of this white paper or receive information about other related publications, please contact State of Green at [email protected]
Copyright State of Green 2015 4 ABOUT INDEX 5
ABOUT THIS WHITE PAPER INDEX
In Denmark as well as in many other countries, fluctuating renewable energy resources account for A European Energy Revolution...... 3 an increasing share of power generation. The green transition requires enhanced focus on energy A triple-win Energy Strategy – benefiting the economy, the society and the environment consumption and the ability to shift demand to hours where there is more wind and solar power in the energy system. Buildings account for up to 40% of society’s energy demand and thereby play a key role in the green transition. Their design and function define our private and work lives. By build- Building automation - providing data for business opportunities...... 6-7 ing smarter it is possible to achieve greater energy savings, flexibility and comfort to the benefit of Building technologies impact the bigger picture people and the climate. The world’s second-largest building is packed with green technology...... 8-9 The aim of this White Paper is to share best practice on Smart Buildings that offer more flexibility, comfort and energy efficiency. Through several state-of-the-art case examples, the White Paper illustrates the potentials and lessons learned on how to maximise the outcome of implementing smart COWI learns from own flexible KNX solution...... 10 systems in buildings through innovative architecture, construction, technology, management and user-behaviour. Green partnership gives hospital major savings ...... 11
The White Paper is a tool for inspiration to spot the potential and promote or implement building auto- mation and energy-efficient measures in new and exsisting buildings globally. Smart buildings...... 12-13 Automation makes buildings a flexible part of the energy system The potential of smart buildings extend beyond the buildings themselves when they play their role as flexible components in a diverse energy system that offers still larger amounts of fluctuating UN City, Copenhagen...... 14 energy sources. The cases presented in this White Paper are examples of buildings that hold the potential needed for energy efficiency and flexibility to be integrated in the intelligent energy system of tomorrow. EnergyLab Nordhavn ...... 15
We hope you will be inspired. Supermarket keeps neighbours warm with surplus heat...... 16
A green municipal approach...... 17
Renovation...... 18-19 The green potential of existing buildings
Precise metering provides transparency in energy and water consumption...... 20
Smart architectural retrofitting...... 21
From outdated to refurbished, energy efficient and smart office building...... 22
One family home: Maison air et Lumière ...... 23
An intelligent approach to sustainable building design...... 24-25 Thinking smart in the design phase
A sustainable museum where new and old unite...... 26
The Sunhouse - an active house for children...... 27
Green hotel benefits from efficient pump technology ...... 28-29
Denmark - the State of Green...... 30
Smart buildings – why and how...... 31 Increasingly global questions. Denmark has quite a few answers 6 Building automation - providing data for business opportunities Building automation - providing data for business opportunities 7
BUILDING AUTOMATION - PROVIDING DATA FOR BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Building technologies impact the bigger picture
Building automation is going to be an even more important component of the smart energy agenda and a provider of important data for business development.
Assoc. Prof. Alfred Heller, Deputy Leader of CITIES (Center for IT-intelligent Energy Systems for Cities), researcher in smart cities, building technologies in combination with data management, big data and Internet of Things.
Trends within building automation Basically, this tendency is based on the sector and thereby contribute to the global Building automation has been known in experiences with Thermo-Active Building trend of making data a basic resource of the some building types for centuries. It has Systems (TABS) constructions that will be modern industries’ business development traditionally been driven by a demand for further developed in the coming period. If opportunities. security, comfort and economic benefits. In buildings’ flexibility should play a role as recent years, the remarkable share of total a reserve in a demand response energy Data appears from the extensive monitor- energy consumption by buildings (around market, it is important that building auto- ing equipment, which is a precondition for 35–40%), has played a more significant role mation is designed for that purpose. building automation. Monolithic Building in the global energy and climate agenda. Management Systems (BMS) and Energy This has been a new driver for increased ap- The use and provision of data Management Systems (EMS) that dominate plication of building automation. Modern, smart buildings are data consum- current technology will probably have to ers, utilising external data sources such as make room for more adaptive technologies All over the world buildings have a large po- weather data and energy price data in their in the very near future. tential to reduce their total share of energy predictive control strategies. In the near consumption, while at the same time main- future we will also see control systems that A single well-equipped, modern office tain and improve their indoor environment will use signals from mobile devices, e.g. the building can easily supply data from 10,000 and comfort. Building automation is a key calendar of the home owners to predict their sensors with high-frequency data, and technology in this regard. presence and thereby demands for comfort. thereby contribute to the Internet of Things’ This allows the system to regulate the global trend, if data is made available. This Buildings and building automation are also energy consumption outside the comfort opens up a future where smart buildings and important elements in future demand re- range while the residents are absent, building automation deliver data to new and sponse markets which gradually emerge. thereby enabling increased flexibility. Big still unknown markets. The thermal mass of buildings is “for free” companies like Google and Microsoft and and can constitute a very large potential small innovators have already discovered for flexibility. Depending on conditions, the huge business potentials of these kinds buildings are able to contribute with up to of services. few days of energy shifting in time. This potential could be optimised in the future by Building automation could also provide a increased automation and revised designs. lot of data to the surrounding smart energy 8 Case: The world’s second-largest building is packed with green technology Case: The world’s second-largest building is packed with green technology 9
THE WORLD’S SECOND-LARGEST BUILDING IS PACKED WITH GREEN TECHNOLOGY Danfoss products are contributing to making Shanghai Tower a world-class green building
Shanghai Tower is the tallest structure in China and the second-tallest in the world.
Mette Uhd, Senior Project Manager, Danfoss Corporate Communications & Reputation Management
The Shanghai Tower stands 632 metres precise control and the right balancing of conditioning system is boosted by pres- tall as the tallest structure in China and the the water flow in the building’s kilometres sure transmitters and filter dryers, likewise second-tallest building in the world. In 2013, of pipes. This also means that people on the sourced from Danfoss. Danfoss won several orders for Shanghai top floor get the temperature they want, Tower, including one for 6,700 valves to help when they want it, regardless of the tem- With integrated cooling, heating and power control the skyscraper’s cooling and heating peratures preferred on lower floors. supply, buildings like Shanghai Tower systems. This is the biggest order for this provide huge opportunities to help meet the type of valve that Danfoss has ever supplied “The heating, ventilation and air condition- need for energy demand-response in next for a single building. ing system accounts for more than 50% generation energy systems. of the building’s energy consumption. Our Danfoss products help make Shanghai control valves can cut this energy con- Facts about Shanghai Tower: Tower a world-class green building. The sumption by 20%, and that means a lot to • The 121-floor building is 632 meters tall structure has already earned the American the owner,” says Danfoss sales engineer Lu and has a total floor space of 576,000 m2 LEED* Gold certification and the Chinese Guosheng, who was in charge of the project. containing a hotel, offices, retail and cul- “Green Building Three Star” rating, which is tural facilities, and observation decks at the highest standard achievable in China. Danfoss also delivered 660 variable speed the top. drives for the heating and cooling systems. • Construction finished in November 2015. Kilometres of pipework They ensure that the pumps, compressors • On completion, the tower became the The 6,700 control valves save more than and fans never run faster than necessary second-tallest building in the world, 20% of the energy used by the cooling to ensure the right temperature, providing after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. and heating systems, compared to normal additional savings to the tune of 20-40%. control valves. They automatically ensure Moreover, the energy efficiency of the air
Shanghai Tower is the tallest building in China and the second-largest in the world. It complies with the strictest environmental requirements – and Danfoss technology will help achieve that. (Photo: Danfoss) * Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of green buildings, homes and neighbourhoods. 10 Case: COWI learns from own flexible KNX solution Case: Green partnership gives hospital major savings 11
COWI LEARNS FROM OWN GREEN PARTNERSHIP GIVES FLEXIBLE KNX SOLUTION HOSPITAL MAJOR SAVINGS An ultra-modern building that puts energy Shared savings as part of energy performance services optimisation and comfort in focus Schneider Electric and Private Hospital Heart Center Varde have entered a partnership that Consultant engineering firm COWI in North Jutland moved into one of its own projects constructed follows a “shared savings” model, which will yield energy savings of almost EUR 140,000. with a flexible and open KNX (Konnex) installation, and learned more about the energy-efficient solutions they provide for others. Pelle Fischer-Nielsen, PR Manager, Schneider Electric
Pelle Fischer-Nielsen, PR Manager, Schneider Electric Anything you want to achieve usually comes Savings of almost EUR 140,000 changed the ventilation systems into a more at a price, also when it comes to energy In 2010, Private Hospital Heart Center Varde need-driven operation, made automatic savings. But occasionally it is neither dif- moved into new, modern buildings meas- adjustments to ensure the lowest possible Engineers from COWI had a taste of their management system making the building Visionary installation ficult, costly or in any other way risky to uring a total of 5,300 m2. Already during flow temperature in the heating systems, own medicine when they moved into one ready for the future of advanced energy Visionshuset now reigns over the old fi- reap the benefits of lower energy costs. the first three months of the agreement, and regularly optimise room temperatures, of their own building projects on a former management and demand response,” ex- bre-cement site in the heart of Aalborg, and Private Hospital Heart Center Varde found the hospital has saved almost EUR 7,000. air quantities and CO2 levels. industrial estate in Aalborg, Denmark. The plains Rene Aaholm, Head of Section at is proof of a special project where COWI was the answer in a close partnership with Over the five-year agreement period, the focus on energy efficiency and flexibility COWI in North Jutland, who helped develop the project manager for all the engineering Schneider Electric, who takes the risk of the total savings are expected to reach almost All adjustments have been made with in the technical installations means that the concept. disciplines. project. EUR 140,000. maximum regard for comfort for both pa- COWI’s engineers are now experiencing the tients and staff, and of course for the special benefits of premises that have become the Every day, the intelligent building forms the “We are delighted with the implementation “In just a short time we have managed to Schneider Electric’s specialists optimised requirements that a modern hospital with setting for their vision of tomorrow’s sus- workplace for around 200 employees, who of the KNX installation, where we have reduce our energy consumption significant- a number of operational parameters and surgical wards has for operational reliability. tainable building development. can follow the building’s indoor climate and gained some positive experiences. Our cus- ly. Just like other companies, we want to act controls in the hospital’s BMS system, e.g. energy consumption easily via info screens. tomers can benefit from these and from this responsibly towards our environment, and The intelligent heart These displays encourage users to maintain very efficient and flexible system, which by we would of course also like to run a company The heart of the building is the KNX instal- an energy-efficient behaviour. using relatively simple measures, creates in- with a healthy bottom line. The project with lation, which was developed in close collab- telligent buildings that add value in several Schneider Electric benefits both the envi- oration with Bravida Danmark A/S and KNX “Visionshuset is an ultra-modern building, areas. Often KNX installations lead to better ronment and the hospital’s finances,” says specialist, Schneider Electric. The installa- where all of the functions have been in- indoor climates and less energy consump- Ricardo Sanchez, CEO and Chief Surgeon at tion has provided the consultant engineers cluded in a sustainable cycle so that energy tion without users feeling any change to Private Hospital Heart Center Varde. with a living, architectural gem that is full of optimisation and comfort are in focus. In their daily comfort,” says Rene Aaholm. inspiration. the actual technical rooms, we have chosen Shared savings: Reduce risk and save to use a traditional Building Management KNX is an open protocol with numerous money for customers “The whole concept of the building is that System (BMS) for controlling ventilation and components, which can be easily combined The hospital is one of the first companies in people bring the building to life as it wakes heating systems, but as soon as you enter and provide countless options for optimising Denmark to enter an energy-saving part- from its energy-saving hibernation when- the offices, it is the KNX installation that comfort, energy consumption and indoor nership with Schneider Electric that follows ever movement and readings show a need controls all of the lights and climate con- climate in a single system. The integration the so-called “shared savings” model. As the for ventilation, light and temperature reg- ditions. The two systems have been inte- between KNX, HVAC and BMS systems is name suggests, the model is about sharing ulation. The 650 KNX components make grated via an Open Platform Communication seamless and easily handled via a gateway. any savings made. The entire risk falls on the building behaviour-controlled, which (OPC) server, which gives the customer a Schneider Electric and represents a com- provides a comfortable indoor climate while complete graphical interface with a display pletely new way of approaching energy keeping energy consumption at a minimum. of all the technical points in the build- savings. The intelligent KNX installation can easily ing,” explains Jørgen E. Sørensen, District be adjusted and linked to the buildings Manager at Bravida. The hospital’s Building Management System (BMS) is remotely monitored, gathering and analysing data and then changing the relevant parameters for the building’s operation.
“Shared savings is a new offer within our Energy Performance Services, and we see major potential for the model. It is suita- ble for numerous companies, as they will not have any implementation risks. The company does not need to contribute KNX provides both energy savings and a with any investments – however we share good indoor climate at Visionshuset on any savings equally between us,” says the old fibre-cement site in Aalborg where Bo Johansson, manager of the Schneider the modern sustainable premises form the Electrics Remote Operation Center. setting for COWI’s innovative planning of Architecture: KPF Arkitekter the green buildings of the future. (Photo: Photo Credits: Private Hospital Heart Center Varde Schneider Electric) 12 Smart buildings Smart buildings 13
SMART BUILDINGS Automation makes buildings a flexible part of the energy system
Renewable energy resources account for an increasing amount of our power generation. The demand side needs to adapt by enhancing flexibility on the demand side. Smart buildings are part of the answer.
Managing Director Helle Juhler-Verdoner, The Danish Intelligent Energy Alliance Wi-Fi
Ventilation Meeting ambitious renewable buildings, e.g. for heating, cooling, lighting over the 24-hour period become more
energy and CO2 targets and ventilation. significant than they are today, flexible Solar cells Denmark and our neighbouring countries buildings are ready to benefit from this have decided to implement ambitious Remote monitoring systems development, without significant additional
Smoke detector renewable energy targets as well as CO2 Many buildings are already equipped with investment costs. Intelligent sunlight targets by 2020 and 2050. EU has set a some sort of monitoring system: Energy protection target at 27% renewable energy in 2030. Management System (EMS), Konnex (KNX), Rewarding flexibility The renewable target is a part of the goal Building Management System (BMS) or Denmark has decided to implement a
to reduce Europe’s CO2 emission by 80% in similar systems. The systems are also es- number of important policy decisions to 2050 compared to 1990 levels. tablished with the purpose of delivering a ensure that all consumers, including owners large variety of service on light, air quality, of larger buildings, can benefit from the Sun sensor Today, wind power’s share of the Danish heating and cooling and to optimise energy flexibility. Especially the decision to imple- Temperature control power generation already accounts for consumption in terms of energy savings and ment smart meters is fundamental and will almost 40%, which is why Denmark has a energy efficiency. Therefore, demand-side lead to hourly based billings of all consumers strong focus at enhancing flexibility in the flexibility is about applying what is already towards 2020. demand of electricity. Compared to earlier installed for the purpose of using electricity day’s traditional power generation this flexibly, when it is wind-based and there- Other elements in the market must be Heat pump Burglar alarm implies a major change. We can no longer fore cheaper. changed to support the business case for turn the power generation on and off the demand response. This includes new market way we used to do, as we are relying on the Improving the business case rules in the electricity markets, so that flexi- wind and sun to a larger extent. Combining energy savings and energy flex- bility can be offered into the market on equal Charge unit for EV ibility in new or renovated buildings can terms with power generation. Likewise, The logical reply to this is enhanced focus on be done at a minimum investment level. building codes and regulation of buildings’ the demand side through electrification that Investing in energy flexibility can improve energy performance should be changed, offers demand-side flexibility. What is lost in the combined business case and ensure not only to require energy efficiency in build- Water pressure control control on the production side can be gained that buildings are smart grid ready. In the ings, but also to require energy flexibility to on the demand side by enabling remote near future, we will see more price peaks. be part of the building code going forward. monitoring of electricity consumption in When differences in the electricity price
Heating system 7000 Wind power X 2 Control box and Consumption monitoring 5250
Fibre network Electrical control connection 3500 MWh/h Central door lock system Electric power with remote control 1750
0 Hour-by-hour over 14 days
Balancing electricity consumption with increasing shares of wind power – Getting ready for “the new reality” The graph demonstrates power consumption in Denmark held up against increasing fluctuating wind power generation, hour-by-hour during 14 days of the autumn 2013. The horizontal axe begins on Monday at 0:00h. Typically, the lowest level of consumption is a 03:00h in the night. To illustrate the increasing challenge of balancing the energy system towards 2020 and beyond, the 2013-level of wind power during those 14 days has been doubled in the graph. The point is that gaps between consumption and power generation will increase - part of the solution Image: Danish Energy Association must be delivered by demand response in buildings to assist in balancing the system (Source: Energinet.dk and Danish Energy Association) 14 Case: UN City, Copenhagen Case: EnergyLab Nordhavn 15
UN CITY, COPENHAGEN ENERGYLAB NORDHAVN The future of sustainable buildings New urban energy infrastructures
“UN City is an example of how modern, energy-efficient offices can play their From 2015 to 2019 EnergyLab Nordhavn will develop and demonstrate future part in building the future we want.” - Ban Ki-moon energy solutions in the urban development area Nordhavn in Copenhagen.
Eva Egesborg Hansen, Public Diplomacy and Communications Adviser, UN City Copenhagen Birgitte Torntoft, Senior Communication Consultant, ABB A/S
UN City, located at the tip of Marble Pier, is that UN City meets the UN’s demands for its Sophisticated solar shades on the building’s The project utilises a full-scale smart city subsystems and components – providing ”We are working on a model that makes the first new building in the heart of the new headquarters in Copenhagen. façade can be opened and closed to either energy lab and demonstrates how electric- necessary energy flexibility for efficient uti- it attractive to take part in a demand re- Northern Harbour – the new waterfront city UN City functions as an energy-efficient trap or reflect heat from the sun. UN City ity and heating, energy-efficient buildings lisation of renewable energy. sponse market. Our system should make district in Copenhagen. The area is being building with a calculated energy con- is entirely ventilated with filtered outside and electric transport can be integrated into it easy for consumers to follow energy transformed from an industrial port into a sumption of less than 50 kWh/m2/year. In air, and heat exchangers are pumping cold an intelligent, flexible and optimised energy One of the participants is ABB, who aims supply and prices and to select the cheap- modern residential and business quarter 2012, UN City was awarded the European seawater through to cool down the building. system. The project contributes to the at developing an energy system where est energy source available at a given time. with a focus on sustainability and smart Commission’s Green Building Award for New More than 1,400 solar panels are placed on grand challenge of transforming the energy demand and supply equilibrium is achieved For ABB it is important that our experiences energy systems. Buildings. UN City is the first UN complex to the roof of the building equalling electric system to efficiently integrate a large share in a ”smart” and sustainable way. in Copenhagen give us know-how that we receive the LEED Platinum Certificate (see savings of 30%. The roof has been made by of renewable energy -a means to support can use all over the world”, says Dorthe B. UN City provides office facilities for 1,500 page 8 for description). a white, recyclable membrane made from international and national climate goals. Data will be collected from private residents Schow, Communications- and Marketing UN employees in the UN organisations in plant-based materials. The environmen- and businesses, and the consumers will Director in ABB Denmark. Copenhagen under one roof. It is a state-of- UN City - sustainable in many ways tally-friendly coating reflects sunlight and The project focuses on the cost-effective, be given the opportunity to automatically the-art building in the field of energy effi- Thinking green was also at the top of the reduces the solar warming of the building. smart energy system of tomorrow that in- control lighting, ventilation and heating, ciency and climate friendliness. agenda during the building process of UN tegrates multiple energy infrastructures as well as allowing an aggregator to exter- City. All materials used for the building were Lastly, approximately 3 million litres of (electricity, thermal, and transportation) nally control and thereby support a future The architects at 3XN, along with Orbicon, transported less than 800 km to reduce rainwater are collected annually, which is and provides an intelligent control of demand response market. have designed the building. They have energy use and CO2 emission. enough to flush the building’s toilets an es- worked to comply with international envi- timated 5,300 times each day. Combined, ronmental standards and regulations. As UN City has been designed to use at least low flow taps and toilets and the usage of In relation to this lighthouse project, it is relevant to make reference to another Danish lighthouse project at the Danish island Bornholm, The the focus was on the needs and values of 55% less energy than similar-sized office rainwater reduce the consumption of water Eco Grid EU project, which demonstrates interesting demand response results. For more information on the results from the project please the UN, the work plan was developed ac- buildings. The need for energy is reduced by 60%. consult the website: www.ecogridbornholm.dk cording to more than 1000 specifications of through the adaptation of eco-friendly fea- the UN’s demands for the building. The us- tures that cut the need for energy used on er-driven innovative aspects have ensured heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation.
Nordhavn is an old harbour area of Copenhagen being transformed in the coming years into a modern city providing homes for 40,000 people and a similar amount of work places. (Photo: Adam Mørk, Architecture: 3XN Architects) Photo: By & Havn / Ole Malling Architecture: COBE & SLETH 16 Case: Supermarket keeps neighbours warm with surplus heat Case: A green municipal approach 17
SUPERMARKET KEEPS NEIGHBOURS A GREEN MUNICIPAL APPROACH WARM WITH SURPLUS HEAT From cost to income, benefiting city hall and citizens
CO2 refrigeration system saves energy and leads Hedensted Municipality was aware that it was a waste of resources to send excess heat from the surplus heat into the district heating network City Hall servers through the ventilation system. This made it an easier task for Cronborg to assure the municipality of the profitable and environmental advantages of buying and installing their RECOOL solution. “There is a huge untapped potential worldwide for refrigeration systems to become an integrated part of distributed district heating networks. The systems become suppliers of energy”, says Hanne Kronborg, co-founder and director of Cronborg Danfoss engineer Torben Green.
“An interesting project was presented to us. be stored in the buffer tank and used later Roughly 700 kWh is generated from the Trine Kiar, Communication Advisor, Danfoss Cooling Segment There was a prospect of a financial saving for space heating and domestic water. servers every day. This corresponds to the and an opportunity to improve the munic- Hedensted also has the opportunity to use daily electricity consumption of 24 house- ipality’s climate account. It was important electricity for cooling with the heat pump holds, and it provides the City Hall with
The supermarket chain SuperBrugsen in Saves money and reduces The business case for connecting supermar- that we could save CO2” says engineer Niels when it is cheap, and save the energy for 50% of its heating need during the winter
Høruphav, Denmark, does not only supply CO2 emissions kets with electricity and heating networks Abildsten from Department of Construction heating the building and the water when the months. When the outdoor temperature in- fresh groceries to the local residents. It also SuperBrugsen in Høruphav already saves stems from energy and CO2 savings and very in Hedensted Municipality. electricity is expensive. creases, the system provides up to 75% of supplies heat. The supermarket has been more than EUR 26,800 a year on gas and short payback times for the supermarket the City Hall’s heating. equipped with an innovative CO2 refrigera- reduces CO2 emissions by 34% by utilising owner. Flexibility in installation and use A good business case tion system that keeps food fresh, provides the surplus heat from the refrigeration Cronborg has developed a new product The specific system in Hedensted has an Overall, Hedensted Municipality saves ap- the entire store with a constant source system to heat tap water for cleaning. Demand response potential based on existing technologies. The heat annual operational cost of EUR 4,300 in proximately 10,000 litres of oil per year. of heating and delivers energy savings. Supermarkets also provide excellent oppor- pump system, RECOOL, can collect excess electricity consumption. In turn, the munic- This corresponds to an annual saving of
Additionally, all surplus heat is channeled “There is a huge untapped potential not only tunities to help meet the need for energy heat from e.g. a server and reuse it for space ipality saves approximately EUR 14,100 on 28 tonnes of CO2. into the district heating network for the in Denmark, but worldwide, for facilities demand response in next generation energy heating and domestic hot water through the the heating bill, creating an annual operat- benefit of residents living close by. with large refrigeration systems to become systems. existing heating system of a building. ing profit of around EUR 10,000. With a pur- an integrated part of distributed district chasing and assembly price of EUR 53,600 Supplies 16 private homes with heat heating networks. They shift from being Local district energy networks are very With RECOOL, Hedensted got a flexible the system has a payback period of approxi- “Calculations show that the surplus heat consumers of energy to also being suppliers effective to balance fluctuating supply option to use their surplus energy from mately 5.5 years. from SuperBrugsen will supply 16 standard of energy,” says Danfoss engineer Torben from renewable energy, like wind and sun, cooling systems. The surplus energy can homes of 130 m² annually with environmen- Green. The case is therefore a good example to meet the demand of electricity during tally-friendly district heating,“says Jan Due of energy flexibility across energy sectors peak load. They can act as storage facility Photo: Cronborg Christensen, Department Head, Sønderborg such as heating and electricity. to provide the required demand response. District Heating. Supermarkets as ‘virtual power plants’ In principle, all supermarkets located near utilise the flexibility in the cooling demand “Based on the political objectives of phasing a district heating supplier can supply heat and other electricity consuming activities out fossil fuels and utilising renewable from the refrigeration system to residents like defrosting. energy and surplus energy sources to a nearby. The solution in Høruphav has been greater extent, district heating will play a developed in cooperation with Kellmanns key role for the urban energy systems of the VVS & Blik, Vojens Køleteknik, Sønderborg future,” says head of development Jan Eric District Heating, CLEAN, and Danfoss. The The full potential of adding the flex- Thorsen, Danfoss Heating. investment’s payback time is just 12 months. ibility of supermarkets to the smart grid demands equals 15% of the wind electricity in Germany or more than 20% of the wind electricity in the EU. Adding the potential of today’s unused compressor capacity could add another 100% to the demand response flexibility in the event of overproduction of wind electricity. In connection with external thermal networks such as district heating, supermarkets may serve as storage opportunity for renewable energy sources like wind.
In Denmark, SuperBrugsen supermarkets always make shoppers feel welcome. In a local town, Høruphav, Danfoss has en- gineered an innovative kind of heating. Calculations show that the surplus heat from SuperBrugsen will supply 16 private homes of 130 m² annually. (Photo: Danfoss) 18 Renovation Renovation 19
RENOVATION The green potential of existing buildings
Around 40% of European energy consumption is from buildings – mainly for heating and ventilation. Renovation of buildings is therefore a major contributor to reduce energy consumption.
Flemming Løkke Petersen, Senior Adviser, Federation of Danish Building Industries
Why renovation? than 80% of the energy efficiency potential Another option to tap the energy efficiency Approximately 40% of the European worldwide, which is economically viable, potential is that the building sector continu- energy consumption comes from buildings will remain untapped unless current prac- ously develops new smart solutions for deep and the building stock accounts for 68% tices and policies change. This can be due renovation. It is a challenge to increase pro- of total gas consumption according to the to the fact that many types of renovations ductivity in the renovation sector whereby European Commission. Reducing the energy are of low-interest and competing with the cost of renovation can be reduced. A
consumption, CO2 emissions and depend- other more high-status projects – e.g. many solution will be universal renovation kits ence of foreign imports of energy can be ac- consumers prefer a new kitchen instead of and modular systems scalable to more and complished by renovating existing buildings replacing the existing windows with more larger renovation projects. Instead of in- or by demolition and subsequently building energy efficient ones or installing cavity venting the wheel over and over again, the new, energy-efficient ones. wall insulation. building sector should benefit from repeat- ing working procedures, which will cause New build is in general a more efficient How to tap the energy less faults and lower costs. and cost-effective way to achieve energy efficiency potential savings compared to renovation. The rate of It is a great challenge for the building Lowering the cost and improving the access new build is only in the range of ½-1% of the sector and the politicians to break through to financing for building renovation will existing building stock per year in Europe. this barrier of low interest for renovation also enable further efficiency gains to be Therefore, replacing the existing building projects. There is no easy solution to the obtained. The Danish mortgage system is stock will take more than a century. problem but one way would be to focus on probably among the most effective in the Many private house owners and tenants do the economic transparency of renovation world making it fairly cheap to finance reno- not have the necessary wealth or opportu- projects. vations and today it is a source of inspiration nity to new build and therefore only have for other countries. the choice to renovate or not. This is why The Federation of Danish Building Industries new build and renovation must go hand in advocates that focusing on Life Cycle Cost Reducing the costs of deep renovation, ena- hand when striving for higher energy effi- (LCC) analysis can leverage a more transpar- bling more accessible and cheaper financing ciency and flexibility in buildings. ent market for renovation. LCC analysis will and making the renovation market more make it easier for the customer to make the transparent by using LCC are three ways Huge energy efficiency right decision based on the economic perfor- to harvest the green potential of existing potential in the building sector mance of the project in its entire life span. buildings. The long-term economic potential of energy However, it is important that the LCC analy- efficiency is huge in the building sector. ses is backed up by the right communication According to IEA projections to 2035, more and marketing campaign.
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% Industry Transport Power generation Buildings Realised energy e ciency potential Unrealised energy e ciency potential
Long-term energy efficiency economic potential by sector Note: These energy efficiency potentials are based on the IEA New Policies Scenario outlined in the World Energy Outlook 2012. Investments are classified as “economically viable” if the payback period for the up-front investment is equal to or less than the amount of time an investor might be reasonably willing to wait to recover the cost, using the value of undiscounted fuel savings as a metric. The payback periods used were in some cases longer than current averages but they were always shorter than the technical lifetime of individual assets. (Photo: Skyfish.com) Source: IEA (2014), Capturing the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency. 20 Case: Precise metering provides transparency in energy and water consumption Case: Smart Architectural Retrofitting 21
PRECISE METERING PROVIDES SMART ARCHITECTURAL TRANSPARENCY IN ENERGY AND RETROFITTING Saves up to 75% energy and increases attractivity WATER CONSUMPTION in urban historical housing areas Kamstrup smart metering solution supplies data for operational efficiency Historical buildings possess a huge potential for sustainable urban growth. The key is integrated design processes, connecting the technical with the cultural, as well as the environmental with the financial. In the Dutch retirement residence Amaris De Veste, focus is on sustainable energy. With Kamstrup meters and communication technology, energy efficiency is increased even further. Niels Jakubiak Andersen, Associate Professor KADK, CEO Krydsrum Architects/e+
Jens Andreasen, Vice President Metering Services, Kamstrup Smart architectural retrofitting solves were added as well as a total upgrade of all Interplay of systems, building multiple urban challenges within the same existing apartments including french balco- and people project. As the Ryesgade 30 project in nies and new bathrooms and kitchens. In order to make a successful retrofit, the When the Housing Association Habion and It allows for more efficient adjustment of the energy and water supply always runs at its Copenhagen demonstrates, it is possible combination and interplay of systems must the care group Amaris decided to make a power generation, and the heat supply is best – operationally as well as economically. to reduce energy use drastically when ret- The building was in both physically and tech- be managed carefully. huge investment in 70 new apartments in generated more sustainably. With the solu- rofitting a historical building, while offering nically unhealthy condition, and living con- the Dutch city of Naarden, they also decided tion from Kamstrup, it is expected that the Involvement of end-users increases increased comfort, enhanced user control ditions for inhabitants were poor. However, Therefore, shifting the focus from the indi- that the complex should focus on sustaina- energy supply becomes even more energy- energy awareness of the indoor environment – and increasing several building features such as the signif- vidual component to the holistic intercon- ble energy. Heat pumps, heat recovery ven- efficient in the coming years. An extra plus is that each resident has an availability of attractive housing in urban icant and detailed brick façades had lots of nectivity between systems and people is tilation and thermal energy storage there- account, so that the end-user can see their centres. qualities as well as the prime location and crucial. Each individual component must be fore play an important role in the entire Kamstrup takes care of the entire system own energy consumption in a web applica- the qualities of the area around. understood, implemented, used and evalu- energy supply of the apartment complex. operation for the next ten years. This in- tion. This visualises the effect their every- The results from a successful smart ar- ated as part of a bigger holistic whole. cludes collecting hourly values for heat and day behaviour has on their energy bill, and chitectural retrofit are multiple: Cultural In order to change the living conditions of With the delivery of 282 energy and water water meters and 15-minute values for the it can help them to actively reduce their heritage and existing qualities of life are users, all year comfort levels, as well as The real success of such projects depends meters and an integrated communications electricity meters. Current electricity tariffs consumption. enhanced, property value increases dra- reducing the overall energy consumption on handling the interdisciplinary work network, the Danish company Kamstrup is are automatically registered in the system matically and the everyday environmental of the building, several advanced techni- between architects and engineers, but involved in the Amaris De Veste project. and can be presented to the consumers, footprint of use is reduced significantly. cal improvements have been integrated: also the administrative, legal and financial so that they can choose to shift their elec- Solution Double frame low energy windows, high aspects, as well as the collaboration with Operational optimisation through tricity usage to off-peak time periods when • 282 energy and water meters Technical and architectural performance solar cell roof, compact high the actual users, suppliers, developers and transparency power is less expensive. Every day, the • 30 rental apartments (heat and improvements insulation materials for inner face of exte- contractors. Transparency in the total energy consump- data is exported to a File Transfer Protocol water meters) Ryesgade 30 is a common Copenhagen rior walls and roof/basement, decentral low tion makes it a lot easier to optimise the (FTP) Server operated by Kamstrup. The • 40 apartments with care (heat, 5-storey 32 apartment house from 1896, sound heat regain ventilation systems and Investing in the Ryesgade 30 retrofit project energy supply in the apartment complex. enormous amount of data ensures that the electricity and water meters) which was retrofitted and completed in Intelligent House Concept (IHC) to mention more than tripled the owners’ yearly proper- 2013. Four new penthouse apartments some of the most important. ty profit, and it was fully rented from the be- ginning. It won the Danish RENOVER award for the best retrofit in Denmark in the year 2013.
The creation of new architectural values such as roof top housing within the historic areas is a strong financial driver for building owners and investors. Also, it is a very sus- tainable form of urban growth within the Dutch retirement residence Amaris De Veste has experienced sig- existing city and infrastructure. Culturally nificant increases in energy efficiency after the implementation of and aesthetically such building additions a smart metering solution. Precise and reliable metering combined are improving the surroundings significant- with a strong focus on data collection results in transparency that ly if designed carefully to enhance and not enables optimisation of the energy supply in the entire apartment obstruct existing quality of life on the street complex. (Image: Kamstrup) level. (Photo: Krydsrum Architects) 22 Case: From outdated to refurbished, energy-efficient and smart office building Case: One family home: Maison Air et Lumière 23
FROM OUTDATED TO ONE FAMILY HOME: REFURBISHED, ENERGY-EFFICIENT MAISON AIR ET LUMIÈRE AND SMART OFFICE BUILDING A Model Home 2020 Extensive renovation reduces energy consumption by 85% Model Home 2020 is an experiment launched by the VELUX Group as part of the strategy to take an active part in developing sustainable buildings for the future.
Sustainable housing is key to ROCKWOOL International. The company’s own headquarters Catherine Juillard, Institutional Relations and Sustainable Buildings, VELUX France recently went through a serious energy efficiency overhaul.
Susanne Kuehn, PA Manager, ROCKWOOL Scandinavia Maison Air et Lumière is based on the performance data was also collected as a system opens windows and deploys sun Active House principles and built on a basis for research into the sociological and screens to regulate the indoor temperature vision of creating a house with a positive scientific aspects of sustainable living. and ensure optimum comfort. energy balance and a neutral environmen- The decision to renovate upgrade the energy performance to meet The demand for heating is met by geother- tal impact, with the living conditions of the Ventilation and daylight at the heart of Energy efficiency With an energy consumption of 264 kWh/m2 standards and not least to make first class mal heat pumps and as one of the first cases residents at the focal point. Thanks to the comfortable living The energy efficiency derives from the per year there were only two options for the work places. in Denmark it is with vertical wells. The hot ingenious use of its pitched roof, the house By clever use of the space under the roof, maximum insulation of the house combined existing Rockwool office building of 1979: water supply is partly covered by heat col- provides both a pleasant living environ- the architect has created a habitable area with the optimised capture of sunlight Either demolish or renovate. The first step was to reduce the energy loss lectors on the roof, and the electricity use ment and energy efficiency. The key to its of 130 m² over two levels with an interme- through the windows, reducing heating from the building by improving the building is to some extent supplied by photovoltaic architectural design is the different roof diate level between the garden level and demand to a minimum. The energy concept “It was considered to demolish the building envelope with new and better insulated (PV) solar panels on the roof. pitches that boost the building’s potential the upper floor. The home was designed of the house is based on the maximum use of but as the construction is heavy concrete façades and more insulation towards the to capture solar energy, turning it into a to capture natural light from all directions: renewable resources: solar energy, natural the environmental footprint would be parking deck under the building, as well as The energy production by heat pumps, solar home with a positive energy balance. Air southern light, northern light and top light. light and fresh air. better if the building was deeply renovated,” new windows. collectors and PVs is measured on a monthly and daylight infuse the entire space, creat- Creating balanced light throughout the explains Arne Damsgaard Olsen, Department basis and so is the consumption for all three ing a healthy indoor environment. house, this makes for a pleasant and healthy Heat and domestic hot water are provided Manager in ROCKWOOL International. Another contributor to a low energy demands: heat, hot water and electricity. living environment. by a heat pump connected to thermal solar demand is LED electrical light and an effec- The house, which is situated at Verrières- panels and a low-temperature underfloor After extensive energy renovation the con- tive mechanical ventilation system with This control is already carried out by an le-Buisson, a green oasis close to Paris, The architectural design greatly facili- heating system. All residual energy con- sumption has been reduced by 85% to 38.5 heat recovery. This has been supplement- Energy Management System (EMS) and in is part of the Europe-wide VELUX Model tates natural ventilation, which, when the sumption is provided by the photovoltaic kWh/m2 per year, which is below the level of ed by natural ventilation in the top of the the near future production and consump- Home 2020 project. Once completed, its season and the weather require, is enhanc- panels integrated into the roof, resulting in the voluntary low energy class 2015 in the building. tion will also be balanced through smart occupants gave feedback on their expe- ing double-flow mechanical ventilation. In a positive energy balance. Danish Building Regulation (41 kWh/m2 per management with this system. With minor riences of living in the house, and energy the summer months, an intelligent control year). Demolishing and constructing a new Next step: smart solutions adaptions, the EMS system can be integrat- office building would have increased the for energy supply ed in a demand response market by deliver- cost significantly compared to the energy Having reduced the overall energy loss and ing flexibility. renovation project. energy demand of the office building, the next step to an energy-efficient building Upgraded energy performance is smart solutions towards achieving the The aim of the renovation has been to energy supply.
Solution • New façades with Rockwool-FlexSystem • Extra Hardrock insulation in the parking deck • New 3 layer windows • LED electrical light • Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and cooling • Natural ventilation in the top of the building • Heat pumps with 150 meter deep wells • 3 kWh/m² year heat collector (Photo: Adam Mørk) for hot water • 17 kWh/m² year PV production Working with Sustainable Living in Buildings can benefit society at • The renovated building will be EEC- large through increased productivity, improved learning abilities and (Image: Adam Mørk) ECO-Life certificated reduced health costs. Therefore, the VELUX Group takes active part Rockwool International office building was recently renovated to upgrade energy perfor- in this transition by engaging with stakeholders in the building indus- The architecture of Maison Air et Lumière is adapted harmoniously mance. The building envelope was improved with new and better insulated façades and new try, initiating experiments and offering high-quality roof windows to its site - revolves around natural light and ventilation. Carefully- windows. Also, heat collectors and PV has been installed on the roof for energy production. that enable people to live healthy and comfortable lives, while main- positioned façade and roof windows bring in sunlight from all direc- (Photo: ROCKWOOL) taining a good energy balance of the building. tions to bathe the interior with a balanced, natural glow. 24 An intelligent approach to sustainable building design An intelligent approach to sustainable building design 25
AN INTELLIGENT APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN Thinking smart in the design phase
Smart buildings require intelligent design. The architectural design of a building is the key to superior building performance.
Peter Andreas Sattrup, Architect MAA PhD, Chief Advisor Sustainability, Danish Association of Architectural Firms
The case for architectural design environment. You can think of architecture air, sun and daylight availability in the design We are surrounded by design. Some of it as a way to increase social and cultural ben- of façade openings and interior spaces. smart, some of it less so. Think of your city. efits by integrating and calibrating smart Next, you optimise building services and Its layout and planning will affect your need technical solutions on many scales. The smart control systems enhancing the indoor for a car, and the design of your car will in result is greater than the sum of parts. environment and reducing the energy turn affect your demand for energy. The demand further. Finally, once the architec- same thing is true for buildings. Intelligent Denmark was the first country to imple- tural design and integrated engineering has design is the first requirement for great per- ment voluntary near zero energy classes in reduced demand to an absolute minimum, it formance and enhanced experience. its building regulations, gradually making is possible to integrate renewable energy these mandatory over a decade. The con- systems that may produce energy, possibly Every building project is an exercise in re- sistency of this policy allowed (and pushed) making the building energy positive. source management, and its architecture an architects, engineers and the entire Danish expression of how this challenge is resolved. construction sector to innovate in know- Retrofits and upgrades An excellent building offers a productive, how and technology across the entire value Similar approaches can be seen targeting enjoyable environment to its users, while chain, with the result that Danish expertise the huge challenge of retrofitting and up- effectively managing the economic resourc- is now highly valued abroad. grading existing buildings. In Denmark, a es invested in it - not least through superior forecast predicts the construction market performance on indoor environment and Design methods for smart buildings to move from a 50/50 to a 10/90 ratio of energy use. An example of this is Henning Larsen new-build to retrofit projects. Integrating Architects where investments in research intelligent technical solutions in historic Danish design & know-how have led to innovation in design methods building districts and buildings is a way 50-75% of a building’s energy demand is and the development of a three step to enhance liveability, while upgrading decided by architectural design. Its orien- method ‘reduce, optimise and produce building performance in line with their tation towards the sun, the availability of to energy-efficient, smart buildings. architectural qualities, creating value daylight, the design of its structure and First, you reduce energy demand for owners, occupants and society façade, the choice of glazing and insulation by intelligent zoning and shaping as a whole. all work together with the building servic- of the building in relation to its es and control systems to produce a great context and attention to fresh
Produce Local energy
Optimise Components amd installations
Reduce Context, geometry, daylight, functions and systems
Photo by: Hufton+Crow, Building: SDU University of Southern Denmark, Campus Kolding, Architects: Henning Larsen Architects (Image: Henning Larsen Architecs) 26 Case: A Sustainable Museum where new and old unite Case: The Sunhouse - An Active House for children 27
A SUSTAINABLE MUSEUM WHERE THE SUNHOUSE - AN ACTIVE NEW AND OLD UNITE HOUSE FOR CHILDREN Daylight and technology as a design strategy A new standard for use of daylight and in sustainable building design fresh air in pedagogical environments
Sustainability has been a guiding parameter in the overall architectonic arrangement of Solhuset (The Sunhouse) is the most climate friendly daycare centre in Denmark and contributes to Moesgaard Museum as well as the technical design of the building. both the environment surrounding it, as well as to the health and comfort of the children using it.
Signe Kongebro, Partner and Manager of the Sustainability Department, Henning Larsen Architects Kurt Emil Eriksen, Senior Political Advisor, VELUX Group
Uniquely located in a hilly landscape with sloping roof, oriented towards the south, The overall sustainable strategy has been Childcare centres and schools have a particu- To live up to this goal, Solhuset was designed The surplus energy production means that sloping roofscape of grass, moss and reduces the façade area and brings daylight integrated in the architectural design. lar need for a good and healthy indoor climate with high-ceilinged rooms and strategical- in about 40 years the centre will have paid flowers the new Moesaard Museum has through the rising northern end façade and Fundamental elements such as the build- as it strengthens well-being and learning ca- ly placed windows to ensure optimum use back the CO2 emitted during production of become a powerful landmark designed by the façades facing east and west. Thereby, ing’s geometry and orientation have been pacity as well as reduces the risk of diseases of daylight. The sloping roof and the roof its primary building materials. That makes
Henning Larsen Architects. an optimal use of daylight in the museum considered in order to maximise every for the users. The vision for Solhuset was windows that open and close automatically Solhuset CO2 neutral throughout its lifetime. has reduced the need for artificial lighting. square metre. The south-facing roof to set new standards for future sustaina- create varied ceiling heights for good air cir- The museum is sustainable by design, surface (roof façade) forms the calculated ble childcare centres. It rests on the Active culation in the rooms. Living with nature meaning that the work around architecture, Besides being an excellent example of basis for an energy-efficient building, which House principles of buildings that give more Solhuset contributes positively to its space and daylight is combined with evi- unifying landscape and architecture, the achieves Energy Class 1 status, according to than they take – to the children, adults, envi- Use of renewable energy surroundings and interacts with nature. dence-based design strategies and modern green roof also reduces the overall need for the Danish Building regulations. A series of ronment and surroundings. Solhuset uses renewable energy sources and The childcare centre is an open and trans- energy technology. cooling due to decreased heat absorption energy-saving measures have been imple- is designed to produce more energy than it parent building with seamless transitions
and transforms CO2 and other exhaust gases mented to minimise the building’s overall Solhuset has been a project founded in a pub- consumes. between functions and between outdoors Designing with daylight to oxygen, improving the environmental energy consumption. lic-private partnership between Hørsholm and indoors. It was designed, located, and The compact building volume integrates footprint of the building. Furthermore, the Municipality, VKR Holding A/S and Lions The sun supplies Solhuset with heat through constructed to let in nature and create close- into the landscape, thereby preserving overall amount of wastewater run-off from Børnehuse, and it is built by Hellerup Byg the roof and façade windows. The windows ness between indoors and outdoors. the existing green area. The rectangular, the site is reduced. A/S in co-operation with Christensen & co contribute half the heat needed in win- arkitekter a/s and Rambøll A/S. It is a unique tertime. The remaining requirement for The shape, orientation and windows are op- building, self-sufficient with energy, with space heating and hot water is produced by timised in relation to the plot as well as the Energy Management System (EMS) a healthy indoor climate and it is built as an a combined solar and geothermal system. sun in order to make maximum use of daylight controls energy consumption Active House. Strategically placed on the south-facing roof, and solar heat. Solhuset is triangular, like the But the museum is not only an example of smart architecture. SE 50 m2 solar collectors harvest energy direct- plot it is built on, and the roof surfaces face Energy & Climate has mounted modern automatics for controlling Daylight and fresh air ly from the sun and convert it into heat and north and south. The south-facing surfaces 2 and managing temperatures, CO2 emissions, air humidity, light, Giving plenty of daylight and fresh air to the hot water, while 250 m solar cells convert are steeper than those facing north to obtain alarms and more in the building. children in daycare was a central part of the solar energy into electricity. Solhuset was the optimal angle to harvest solar energy. strategy for securing a healthy and good designed to produce 9 kWh per m2/year more The Intelligent Buildings Installation (IBI) contains light regula- indoor climate. than it is expected to consume. tion, daylight regulation, presence-regulation, heat controlling, and ventilation controlling together with energy data collection Architecture: Christensen & Co The childcare centre has a healthy from the gauges. Photo: Adam Mørk indoor climate with fresh air and 3.5 A dynamic platform easy to use times more daylight than required by and adaptable to changes current building regulations. From the beginning SE Energy & Climate has focused on provid- The childcare centre is CO neutral ing user-friendly solutions, making it easy for all types of clients 2 in its lifetime and self-sufficient in to use. Giving the clients clear manageable graphical systemic energy through passive solar gain illustrations, the clients can easily foresee operations condi- from windows, solar collectors, solar tions and regulate it online. Photo: Jan Kofod Winther cells and geothermal pipes.
An essential but difficult variable to account for in the equation Up to 50% savings in energy consumption The building was designed to meet the of energy consumption is human behaviour. Another unknown EMS systems are an effective way of managing different systems requirements of Danish energy class factor is the weather. in a building. It is a management system that continuously secures 2015 (51 kWh/m2/year) even before a low level of consumption. The EMS that SE Energy & Climate has use of renewable energy sources. Besides being able to encounter internal factors, such as human provided for Moesgaard Museum in cooperation with Lindpro behaviour, the system can also encounter external factors, means cost savings up to 50% on electricity, water and heat. The such as weather data or energy prices. Thereby the Moesgaard payback time is often only a few years and in an addition to the In February 2011, the integrated childcare Museum is ready for future demands. direct economic measures there are many indirect savings like centre Solhuset in Hørsholm opened its less service expenditures and less renewals – for example in light doors to nearly 100 children and 30 adults. – Jesper Klitgaard Frederiksen, Director, IBI, SE Energy & Climate sources. They now enjoy life in a healthy environ- ment with plenty of daylight and fresh air. 28 Case: Green hotel benefits from efficient pump technology Case: Green hotel benefits from efficient pump technology 29
GREEN HOTEL BENEFITS FROM EFFICIENT PUMP TECHNOLOGY Smart Grundfos pumps contribute to energy saving in heating and cooling
At first sight the 85 metre tall, black luxury hotel does not look particularly green, but the Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers sets new standards for sustainability and low energy consumption.
Jens Nørgaard, Senior Manager, Building Services Applications, Grundfos
The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers is not The ATES system, located in the base- ensures individually cooling, heating and just an architectural landmark and a world ment of the Crowne Plaza, covers up to ventilation of guest rooms and lobby as well class luxury hotel. It is a visible demonstra- 60% of the building’s total cooling need, as conference facilities in accordance to the tion of comfort walking hand in hand with and as a “free” cooling process it supplies demand at any given time. The system per- sustainable solutions, and since the opening cold groundwater for guest room cooling forms 4.1 MW cooling and 2.4 MW heating, in 2009, it has received a vast number of during the summer. The cold groundwater and ensures particularly low costs for air awards and recognitions for its path-break- circulates through an exchanger that cools conditioning and heating, compared with ing innovative construction. Among these water in the hotel’s hydronic air condition- other hotels. was the Skål International 2010 EcoTourism ing system. In this process, the groundwa- Award for the project World’s Greenest ter heats up and subsequently is stored in Efficient pumps Hotel. another well, so that it can be utilised for All Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning room heating during the winter. (HVAC) pumps in the building are from Advanced energy storage Grundfos. They contribute to considerably An exceptionally low energy consumption in Short payback time reduced energy consumption in all systems the hotel’s heating and cooling systems re- The extra investment in the ATES system for air-conditioning and heating. The pumps flects the energy efficient approach. Thanks really pays off. It has a projected payback are very energy efficient on their own, and to one of the world’s most advanced Aquifer time of between six and seven years. This all of them are equipped with frequency Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems, means that the Crowne Plaza Copenhagen converters in order to make them able to the total annual energy consumption is very Towers is greener as well as more profitable adapt variations in flow requirements – and low. The consumption for central systems than its competitors in the long term. thus further contribute to energy savings. for heating, air conditioning and ventilation is only 51 kWh/m2 for heating, air condition- Combined with a Variable Airflow Volume ing and ventilation. (VAV) ventilation system, the ATES system
The hotel’s projected energy con- sumption is 51 kilowatt-hour per square meter for heating, air-con- ditioning, and ventilation. For an average European four-star hotel, the energy consumption is about 300 kilo- watt-hour per square meter. The two figures can however not be compared directly, as the figure for the Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers – contra- ry to the average figure - does not include decentralized devices, con- nected to plugs. The size of this part in the average figure is not known.
The calculated payback time for the ATES system is six to seven years. Photo: Grundfos Photo: Grundfos Architecture: Dissing+Weitling Architecture 30 Denmark - The State of Green Smart buildings – why and how 31
DENMARK - THE STATE OF GREEN SMART BUILDINGS – WHY AND HOW Increasingly global questions. Denmark has quite a few answers. Denmark has a long tradition for energy collaborate and our expertise is in helping self-exploration to showcase green Danish efficiency improvements and renewable customers and stakeholders reach highly integrated solutions and scenarios, as well energy. In order to harness the full poten- efficient and ‘smart’ solutions, while in turn as an overview of the combined Danish tial of the increased share of renewables, developing their ability to profit from that story within energy, climate, water and re- energy must be used more efficiently, knowledge. We see great opportunity for sources. Danish representatives act as effectively, and intelligently. Flexible con- mutual benefits in the transfer of knowl- hosts that both inspire and inform delega- sumption and a smart energy infrastructure edge, spurring growth in both partners’ tions before they move on to on-site visits. must be developed to meet the challenge of businesses – holistically, with healthy For more information about House of Green, fluctuating energy sources. Buildings play a respect for different perspectives and please visit www.houseofgreen.com. crucial role in this process. agendas, as well as for the environment. Experience implemented Denmark knows smart energy Explore, learn and connect online green solutions – live! and energy efficiency State of Green gathers all the leading A cornerstone of the Danish vision is to Lars Chr. Lilleholt, Danish Minister of In Denmark we believe that knowledge is players within smart energy and energy inspire others and demonstrate how a green Energy, Utilities and Climate power. To ensure that the transition to a efficiency in Denmark. Stateofgreen.com society is both possible and profitable – and greener economy is a good investment, is the official platform for Denmark’s green we invite people to come see for themselves. renewable energy resources must be intel- solutions and knowhow. The web portal is Through State of Green Tours we offer com- ligently integrated into the energy system. an online entry point for all relevant infor- mercial and political decision makers and Wasting energy was never a good idea. But market is worth at least USD 310 billion a year employee efficiency and absenteeism. So, This requires more flexibility in the system, mation about Danish companies and institu- journalists from around the world a chance there was a time when we knew neither how and growing fast. This presents major eco- truly smart buildings are also attractive. And partly enabled by smart buildings, strong tions and their expertise within intelligent to take advantage of the lessons learned by to eliminate such waste nor the cost of it. nomic opportunities. Danish architects keep winning international interconnectors and market coupling energy and energy-efficiency in Denmark’s leading Danish companies and institutions This includes, as we know now, not only the competitions at a rate quite disproportionate throughout the region. eight other green strongholds. within the fields of energy, water, climate direct cost of unnecessary spending on fuel All over the world, businesses and govern- to the small size of our country. So it seems adaptation and environment, and to experi- and power plants, but also consequences ments have started acting on this. Many they must know a thing or two about attrac- Since the 70s, Danish governments have Come visit us in House of Green ence Danish green solutions – live. For more like health costs due to pollution, the cost countries have introduced minimum stand- tive designs. addressed the country’s limited natural House of Green is an interactive visitors’ information about State of Green Tours, to treasuries subsidising fossil fuels or the ards for energy efficiency. Not only US and resources, concentrating on using them and exhibition centre located in the heart please visit www.stateofgreen.com/tours. mounting costs of global warming. EU member states, but also many emerging Last but not least, smart buildings can in- wisely, pushing energy efficiency measures. of Copenhagen. House of Green uses a economies, including China. And businesses crease efficiency and reliability in the overall As a nation we are known for our ability to combination of guided storytelling and Many have discovered that buildings are an have responded by innovating and compet- energy system, storing energy when it is excellent place to start cutting these costs. ing to provide more efficient solutions. In abundant, and then releasing it and shut- In the world’s most energy consuming coun- many areas, this has brought spectacular ting down non-essential consumption when tries, the building stock is the most voracious results – more efficiency sooner, and at a demand is high. Obviously, this can reduce consumer – bigger than industrial process- lower up-front price than we had expected. peak loads, the need for generation capacity es or transportation. And the potential for Denmark is at the forefront of this revolution. and the risk of blackouts. This may be worth- smarter and leaner use of energy is huge. Our minimum standards for building energy while in any energy system. But it is particu- While there is no such thing as a zero-energy efficiency are the world’s most demanding. larly helpful, when intermittent wind or solar commercial airliner or a zero-energy cement And Danish businesses operating in the field generation account for a large share of total plant – not even on an experimental basis – are equally world class. capacity. In Denmark, this share was 40% in zero-energy buildings are already old hat. 2014 and it will be more than 50% in a few But smart buildings can do more than reduce years. Nevertheless, blackouts are virtually The market for energy efficiency is fast energy costs. While some buildings are loved non-existent, and this is another area where on its way from being a niche market to a by their users, others are hated. Quite often, Danish expertise is state-of-the-art. well-established market with a huge poten- this is a result of building design. The eco- tial. According to the International Energy nomic implications may be huge – not only Lars Chr. Lilleholt Agency (IEA), the global energy efficiency for rents or sales prices but also in terms of
About State of Green State of Green is a public-private partnership founded by the Danish Government, the Confederation of Danish Industry, the Danish Energy Association, the Danish Agriculture & Food Council and the Danish Wind Industry Association. H.R.H. Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark is patron of State of Green.
As the official green brand for Denmark, State of Green gathers all leading players in the fields of energy, climate, water and environment and fosters relations with international stakeholders interested in learning from the Danish experience. Connect through: www.stateofgreen.com Learn more about Danish solutions in intelligent energy, find more cases from around the world and connect with Danish expertise at: www.stateofgreen.com/intelligent-energy
State of Green is a non-profit, public-private partnership founded by: