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An Approach to Standardizing Pedagogy for Extended Techniques on Tuba

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An Approach to Standardizing Pedagogy for Extended Techniques on Tuba An Approach to Standardizing Pedagogy for Extended Techniques on Tuba By Sean M. Kennedy, BM in Music Performance and MM in Music performance A Document In Tuba Performance Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS Performance (Tuba) Approved Dr. Kevin Wass Chair of Committee Dr. Andrew Stetson Dr. Lisa Rogers Accepted Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School August 2016 Copyright 2016, Sean M. Kennedy Texas Tech University, Sean Kennedy, August 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first acknowledge Dr. Kevin Wass for helping me see the light at the end of the tunnel with this project. Without him, this document would not have happened. Thank you to my committee for all the hard work and guidance with this document. Velvet Brown, thank you for helping me realize that I could perform this “crazy” music at a high level. I would like to acknowledge Manny Rettinger for making me see that anything is possible. And thank you Dr. Richard White for making me learn that it is hard work and not talent that gets you through everything. ii Texas Tech University, Sean Kennedy, August 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements................................................................................................................ii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. iii Abstract ................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I Introduction ..........................................................................................................1 Justification for the Study ........................................................................................................ 1 Review of Existing Literature ................................................................................................... 1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 3 Limitations for the Study.......................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER II Extended Playing for Tuba ....................................................................................6 Vocal Extended Techniques .......................................................................................................... 6 Multiphonics ............................................................................................................................ 6 Singing into the Horn ............................................................................................................. 13 Speaking into the Horn .......................................................................................................... 15 Tone Extended Techniques ......................................................................................................... 16 Wind Sounds .......................................................................................................................... 16 Vowel Formations or Vowel Shaping ..................................................................................... 19 Tongue Extended Techniques..................................................................................................... 23 Flutter Tongue ........................................................................................................................ 23 Growling ................................................................................................................................. 28 Clicks ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Stop Tongue ........................................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER III Shapes and Gestures for Tuba............................................................................ 34 Pitch Alterations and Gesticular Elements ................................................................................. 34 Lip Bends ................................................................................................................................ 34 Glissandi ................................................................................................................................. 36 iii Texas Tech University, Sean Kennedy, August 2016 Vibrato ................................................................................................................................... 39 Finger Work Extended Techniques ............................................................................................. 43 Half-Valving ............................................................................................................................ 43 Trills and Tremolos ................................................................................................................. 46 Color or Alternative Fingerings .............................................................................................. 50 CHAPTER IV Alternative Timbres for Tuba ............................................................................. 53 Percussive Elements ................................................................................................................... 53 Key Clicking ............................................................................................................................ 53 Hitting the Horn ..................................................................................................................... 55 Mouthpiece Pops ................................................................................................................... 60 Altered Tuba sounds .................................................................................................................. 61 Second End ............................................................................................................................. 61 Different Mouthpieces ........................................................................................................... 64 Mouthpiece Sounds .................................................................................................................... 67 Mouthpiece Alone ................................................................................................................. 67 Mouthpiece Whistle .............................................................................................................. 69 New Sounds for Tuba ................................................................................................................. 71 Sympathetic Vibrations .......................................................................................................... 71 Mutes ..................................................................................................................................... 74 Bowing of the Horn ................................................................................................................ 75 CHAPTER V Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 79 Further Research .................................................................................................................... 79 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 81 Appendix A Database of Solo Tuba works ............................................................................. 83 Appendix B Database of Tuba and Electronics ....................................................................... 99 Apendix C IPA Transcriptions .............................................................................................. 109 iv Texas Tech University, Sean Kennedy, August 2016 ABSTRACT The purpose of this document is to examine and attempt to standardize a pedagogical method for extended techniques for the tuba. This document will pull from various source materials including repertoire for the tuba and an examination of various documents on extended techniques for other instruments. This document will include common existing extended techniques for the tuba and will attempt to introduce new extended techniques that can be adapted for the tuba. Each technique will be described from a proposed sound concept. Notational examples from the repertoire will be included to aid in understanding the function of the sound concept. Then the technique will be discussed from a pedagogical standpoint, to create the proposed sound concept. Added pedagogical ideas will be included to discuss any helpful hints to aid in learning how to execute any and all of the included extended techniques. These pedagogical ideas will range from how a performer can learn a technique to how a performer can utilize the body to make a technique easier to perform. The document is divided into five chapters, with the three inner chapters discussing extended techniques and the pedagogy of extended techniques. Chapter two discusses extended techniques that are extensions
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