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Universidad De Oviedo Doctorado En Economía Y Empresa Tesis Doctoral Implicaciones En La Gestión Estratégica De Las Empresas

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Universidad De Oviedo Doctorado En Economía Y Empresa Tesis Doctoral Implicaciones En La Gestión Estratégica De Las Empresas UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO DOCTORADO EN ECONOMÍA Y EMPRESA TESIS DOCTORAL IMPLICACIONES EN LA GESTIÓN ESTRATÉGICA DE LAS EMPRESAS DE LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS DE GESTIÓN DE LA CALIDAD, MEDIO AMBIENTE Y SEGURIDAD Y SALUD LABORAL, BASADOS EN ESTÁNDARES INTERNACIONALES. EL CASO DE ECUADOR. AUTORA: MARCIA ALMEIDA GUZMÁN DIRECTOR: DR. FRANCISCO JAVIER IGLESIAS RODRÍGUEZ 2018 RESUMEN DEL CONTENIDO DE TESIS DOCTORAL 1.- Título de la Tesis Español/Otro Idioma: Inglés: IMPLICACIONES EN LA GESTIÓN IMPLICATIONS OF QUALITY, ESTRATÉGICA DE LAS EMPRESAS DE LA ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY AND WORK INTEGRACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS DE HEALTH IMSs BASED ON INTERNATIONAL GESTIÓN DE LA CALIDAD, MEDIO STANDARDS, IN THE STRATEGIC AMBIENTE Y SEGURIDAD Y SALUD MANAGEMENT OF FIRMS. THE CASE OF LABORAL, BASADOS EN ESTÁNDARES ECUADOR. INTERNACIONALES. EL CASO DE ECUADOR. 2.- Autor Nombre: DNI/Pasaporte/NIE: Marcia Almeida Guzmán Programa de Doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Economía y Empresa Órgano responsable: Comisión Académica del Programa de Doctorado RESUMEN (en español) El propósito de esta investigación es el de estudiar las consecuencias que se derivan en la gestión estratégica de las organizaciones ecuatorianas, en un proceso de integración de los sistemas de gestión de Calidad, Medio Ambiente y Seguridad y Salud Laboral, basados en estándares internacionales. Con el fin de lograr encontrar la evidencia (Reg.2018) empírica de la experiencia particular de dichas organizaciones, se aplica un método deductivo hipotético que parte en primer lugar del análisis del soporte teórico así como 010 - del estudio de los sistemas de gestión certificables más ampliamente implantados a nivel mundial (ISO 9001, ISO 14001 y OHSAS 18001, actualmente en proceso de VOA - migración hacia la ISO 45001) junto con los procesos más habitualmente utilizados en su integración. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo un trabajo de campo que por una parte recoge la evidencia empírica a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado aplicado a MAT - organizaciones ecuatorianas, para más tarde y, mediante su análisis, poner de manifiesto la realidad existente en dicho país sudamericano. Es necesario indicar a este FOR respecto que actualmente dicho país cuenta con unas tasas de certificación de sistemas de gestión relativamente bajas. Las hipótesis planteadas fueron contrastadas estadísticamente y los resultados obtenidos indican que, al igual que las organizaciones del resto del mundo, las organizaciones ecuatorianas también perciben importantes beneficios de la integración de los sistemas de gestión, tanto a nivel interno como externo. En la presente tesis doctoral se han identificado factores de éxito que han contribuido a este propósito y ayudado a las organizaciones a alcanzar la deseada sostenibilidad en el mercado global a través del incremento de su productividad, la satisfacción de sus clientes y la mejora de su imagen en el mercado. Finalmente, es preceptivo indicar una vez llegado a este punto, el hecho de que esta experiencia es pionera en su campo. A conocimiento de la autora no existe ninguna publicación científica donde se aborde el tema y se presenten resultados concluyentes de la realidad encontrada en las organizaciones ecuatorianas que participaron en la investigación, proporcionando así un conocimiento empírico de un país representativo de la situación que está aconteciendo en Latinoamérica. RESUMEN (en Inglés) The purpose of this research is to study the strategic management of Ecuadorian organizations and its consequences, due to an integration process of quality, environment and occupational health and safety management systems, based on international standards. In order to find empirical evidence of the particular experience of these organizations, a hypothetical deductive method is applied. The process started with the analysis of the theoretical support and the study of the most widely certifiable management systems implemented worldwide (ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001, currently in process of migration towards ISO 45001). The processes most commonly used in this kind of integration were assumed. In this way, a fieldwork is carried out collecting the empirical evidence through a semi-structured questionnaire applied to Ecuadorian organizations, for later and, by its analysis, discover the remaining reality in that South American country which currently has relatively low management system certification fees. The hypotheses presented were statistically contrasted and the results obtained show that, like the organizations of the rest of the world, Ecuadorian organizations also perceive internal and external important benefits of management systems integration. In the present doctoral thesis success factors have been identified. Factors discovered, help organizations to achieve the desired sustainability through increasing their productivity, the customer satisfaction and the image of the Company in a global market. Finally, it is mandatory to present the fact that this experience is unique in its field because it has never been carried out an exhaustive analysis of the reality found in Ecuadorian organizations before. This analysis, provides a representative empirical knowledge of what is happening in Latin America organizations. SR. PRESIDENTE DE LA COMISIÓN ACADÉMICA DEL PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO EN Economía y Empresa DEDICATORIA A Dios, por darme amor, valentía y fortaleza. A mi país, como un granito de arena en la inmensidad del conocimiento. AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi Director Francisco Javier Iglesias, por su inestimable guía y de quien aprendí mucho en el ámbito de la investigación. A mi esposo Giovanni, por su ayuda idónea e incondicional. A mis padres Jorge y Laura, por inculcarme el valor de la superación. A mis hermanos y familia, especialmente a Sandra por sus oportunas sugerencias. A las empresas ecuatorianas y a todas aquellas personas que de una u otra manera contribuyeron en el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral. A la Universidad de Oviedo por acogerme y a la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, sede Ecuador por todo su apoyo. Índice de contenido Introducción .................................................................................................................................... 1 Antecedentes y justificación de la investigación ............................................................................................ 2 Capítulo 1. La mejora de la competitividad de las organizaciones a través de la certificación de sistemas de gestión basados en estándares internacionales ..................................................... 6 1.1 Introducción ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Principios generales de los estándares de sistemas de gestión. La Estructura de Alto Nivel del Anexo SL ........................................................................................................................................ 10 1.3 Sistemas de gestión de la calidad .............................................................................................. 12 1.3.1 Gestión de la calidad ....................................................................................................... 12 1.3.2 Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad. Familia de Estándares Internacionales ISO 9000 ..... 13 1.3.3 Razones para el desarrollo de un Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad (SGC) ..................... 14 1.3.4 Beneficios de ISO 9001................................................................................................... 15 1.3.5 La Certificación del Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad ISO 9001 .................................... 17 1.3.5.1 La certificación de ISO 9001 en el mundo ................................................................... 17 1.3.5.2 La certificación ISO 9001 en Ecuador .......................................................................... 21 1.3.5.3 Visión general de las certificaciones ISO 9001 en Ecuador dentro del contexto mundial, del Continente Americano y Regional (a nivel de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones - CAN) ..................................................................................................................................... 22 1.4 Sistema de gestión medioambiental........................................................................................... 26 1.4.1 Sistema de Gestión Ambiental. Norma Internacional ISO 14001 .................................... 27 1.4.2 Motivaciones y beneficios de implantar y certificar un sistema de gestión medio ambiental ISO 14001 ............................................................................................................... 28 1.4.3 La Certificación del Sistema de Gestión Medio Ambiental ISO 14001........................... 30 1.4.3.1 La certificación de ISO 14001 en el mundo ................................................................. 30 1.4.3.2 La certificación ISO 14001 en Ecuador ........................................................................ 32 1.4.3.3 Visión general de las certificaciones ISO 14001 en Ecuador dentro del contexto mundial, del Continente Americano y Regional (a nivel de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones - CAN) ..................................................................................................................................... 34 1.5 Sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud laboral ........................................................................ 37 1.5.1 OHSAS 18001:2007 (SGSSL) .......................................................................................
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