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The Myth of the Extermination of the Jews: Part II
The Myth of the Extermination of the Jews: Part II CARL0 MATTOGNO 1. Birth and Development of Revisionism ational Socialist policy in the matter of Jewish emigration, N pursued officially until the beginning of February 1942, thus posed a question that really was "throbbing," to use again the adjective employed by Poliakov. If it was true that exterminating the Jews "conformed to the fundamental objective of National social ism"^; if it was true that it was not "the coming to a head of an unforeseeable explosion of violence, or of a betrayal of trust by subordinates, but the fruit of an ideology of death and of an organic design"^; if it was true that "according to Hitler, among the ends that had to be achieved thanks to the war, the general extermination of the Jews had a very important place, to the realization of which the German government would devote a large part of its forces,"3 for what mysterious reason did Adolf Hitler deprive himself of at least a million victims by allowing them to emigrate? It was thus inevitable that so atrocious an accusation, based essentially on "third and fourth hand accounts," on 'Wle game of psychological deductions," knowing that "all these could offer was fragile and speculative," and on "fragmentary and sometimes hypothetical answers," be placed in doubt. In the immediate post-war period and in the following years severe criticisms were formulated in regard to the trials of those who were called "Nazi war criminalsn-in particular, the Nuremberg trial4-and concerning the behavior of the Allies during the war.5 The first to raise doubt about the reality of the "extermination" of the Jews was the Frenchman, Paul Rassinier,a who is justly considered to be the precursor of present-day Revisionism. -
Nazi Party from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Nazi Party From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the German Nazi Party that existed from 1920–1945. For the ideology, see Nazism. For other Nazi Parties, see Nazi Navigation Party (disambiguation). Main page The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Contents National Socialist German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (help·info), abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known Featured content Workers' Party in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. Its Current events Nationalsozialistische Deutsche predecessor, the German Workers' Party (DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The term Nazi is Random article Arbeiterpartei German and stems from Nationalsozialist,[6] due to the pronunciation of Latin -tion- as -tsion- in Donate to Wikipedia German (rather than -shon- as it is in English), with German Z being pronounced as 'ts'. Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Leader Karl Harrer Contact page 1919–1920 Anton Drexler 1920–1921 Toolbox Adolf Hitler What links here 1921–1945 Related changes Martin Bormann 1945 Upload file Special pages Founded 1920 Permanent link Dissolved 1945 Page information Preceded by German Workers' Party (DAP) Data item Succeeded by None (banned) Cite this page Ideologies continued with neo-Nazism Print/export Headquarters Munich, Germany[1] Newspaper Völkischer Beobachter Create a book Youth wing Hitler Youth Download as PDF Paramilitary Sturmabteilung -
D'une Guerre À L'autre : L'opportunisme De Georges Simenon
SIMENON, LE PASSAGER DU SIÈCLE : SÉANCE PUBLIQUE DU 23.XI.2002 D’une guerre à l’autre : l’opportunisme de Georges Simenon PAR JACQUES CHARLES LEMAIRE Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas. Comme en témoignent d’abondance Je me souviens et Pedigree, deux récits autobiographiques que Georges Simenon a écrits, au cours de la seconde guerre mondiale, sur son enfance, le souvenir de la pauvreté1, d’une satisfaction résignée à l’égard du « strict nécessaire2 » comme aimait à le répéter Henriette, la mère du futur romancier, de même que la réminiscence des temps de privation et d’asservissement3, imposés par l’occupation allemande, ont marqué en profondeur la conscience du jeune adolescent4. Dans son for intérieur, mû par une révolte contre la soumission des siens (des « petites gens5 ») envers un destin médiocre, 1 Voir aussi Georges Simenon, Quand j’étais vieux***, Paris, Presses de la Cité, 1970, p. 52, 85 et 106. 2 Henri-Charles Tauxe, De l’humain au vide. Simenon. Essai de micropsychanalyse appliquée, Paris, Buchet-Chastel, 1983, p. 200 ; Patrick Marnham, De man die Maigret niet was. De biografie van Georges Simenon, traduit de l’anglais par Tinke Davids, Amsterdam, De Arbeidspers, « Open Domein », 25, 1992, p. 49. 3 Georges Simenon, Je me souviens, p. 86, Un banc au soleil, Paris, Presses de la Cité, 1977, p. 39, La Femme endormie, Paris, Presses de la Cité, 1981, p. 81, Les Petits Hommes, Paris, Presses de la Cité, 1976, p. 89, 92 et 105. 4 Roger Stéphane, Portrait-souvenir de Georges Simenon, Paris, Tallandier, 1963, p. 51 et 54. -
Nico Wouters
- Nico Wouters - Between 1944and2019,thehistoryoftheGermanoccupation ofBelgiumduringtheSecondWorldWarhasbeenanobjectof political mobilization,a source for collective memory construc- tion,amoralyardstick,aeldfullofacademicopportunitiesanda sourceforcommercialgain.Belgianhistorianshavebeenauthori- tativegatekeepersofthepast,activeparticipantsinvolatilecultural processesorfrustratedbystandersonthesidelinesofpublicmem- ories.ThisarticletacklesBelgianhistoriographyandhistoriansof theSecondWorldWaragainsttheirchangingsocietalbackdrop. Itdoesnotgiveanexhaustivebibliographicaloverviewnoraholis- ticanalysisofpublicmemoriesbutratheranimpressionisticbirds eyeviewon75yearsofwritingthehistoryoftheSecondWorld WarinBelgium. seemed to apply the patriotic narrative tropes of the First World War (WWI) national suffering and sacrice, military heroism and victory to therecentGermanoccupation6.Thatthiswasnot an unwise approach was proven by the projects The single mostfrequentlyused term to describe broadpoliticalandprivatesupport7.Greenlighted the legacy of the Second World War (WWII) in by the ministry of Education, all political parties Belgium is probably divided. This mostly indi- (excepttheCommunistParty)supportedtheprop- catesthefailureofanyactor,theBelgianstatemost osition of law for this new national World Wars notably,tocreateanythingresemblingadominant InstituteinJanuary1945.Thetextwassteepedin nationalnarrativebasedontheexperienceofNazi aninclusive patriotism,with theoverarching aim occupation.The Dutch with a state sponsored ofcivicnationaleducation.Afteranoverwhelming -
Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand
5 NIOD STUDIES ON WAR, HOLOCAUST, AND GENOCIDE Knegt de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce Alfred and Jouvenel de in the Thought Political of Bertrand Liberalism andFascism, Europeanism Daniel Knegt Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce NIOD Studies on War, Holocaust, and Genocide NIOD Studies on War, Holocaust, and Genocide is an English-language series with peer-reviewed scholarly work on the impact of war, the Holocaust, and genocide on twentieth-century and contemporary societies, covering a broad range of historical approaches in a global context, and from diverse disciplinary perspectives. Series Editors Karel Berkhoff, NIOD Thijs Bouwknegt, NIOD Peter Keppy, NIOD Ingrid de Zwarte, NIOD and University of Amsterdam International Advisory Board Frank Bajohr, Center for Holocaust Studies, Munich Joan Beaumont, Australian National University Bruno De Wever, Ghent University William H. Frederick, Ohio University Susan R. Grayzel, The University of Mississippi Wendy Lower, Claremont McKenna College Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce Daniel Knegt Amsterdam University Press This book has been published with a financial subsidy from the European University Institute. Cover illustration: Pont de la Concorde and Palais Bourbon, seat of the French parliament, in July 1941 Source: Scherl / Bundesarchiv Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Typesetting: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 94 6298 333 5 e-isbn 978 90 4853 330 5 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462983335 nur 686 / 689 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The author / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2017 Some rights reserved. -
Schutzstaffel from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Schutzstaffel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "SS" redirects here. For other uses, see SS (disambiguation). Navigation The Schutzstaffel (German pronunciation: [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafәl] ( listen), translated to Protection Main page Protection Squadron Squadron or defence corps, abbreviated SS—or with stylized "Armanen" sig runes) Contents Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). It Featured content began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the "Saal- Current events Schutz" (Hall-Protection)[1] made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for Nazi Random article Party meetings in Munich. Later in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit which had by Donate to Wikipedia then been reformed and renamed the "Schutz-Staffel". Under Himmler's leadership (1929–45), it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most [2] Interaction powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under SS insignia (sig runes) Himmler's command was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during Help World War II (1939–45). The SS, along with the Nazi Party, was declared a criminal About Wikipedia organization by the International Military Tribunal, and banned in Germany after 1945. Community portal Recent changes Contents Contact page 1 Background SS flag 1.1 Special ranks and uniforms Toolbox 1.2 Ideology 1.3 Merger with police forces What links here 1.4 Personal control by Himmler Related changes 2 History Upload file 2.1 Origins Special pages 2.2 Development Permanent link 2.3 Early SS disunity Page information 3 Before 1933 Data item 3.1 1925–28 Cite this page 3.2 1929–31 3.3 1931–33 Print/export 4 After the Nazi seizure of power Adolf Hitler inspects the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler on 4.1 1934–36 Create a book arrival at Klagenfurt in April 1938. -
Waffen-SS from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from Waffenss)
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Waffen-SS From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from WaffenSS) Navigation The Waffen-SS (German pronunciation: [ˈvafәn.ɛs.ɛs], Armed SS) was created as the Waffen-SS [2] Main page armed wing of the Nazi Party's Schutzstaffel ("Protective Squadron"), and gradually [3] Contents developed into a multi-ethnic and multi-national military force of Nazi Germany. Featured content The Waffen-SS grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions during World War II, and [4] Current events served alongside the Heer (regular army) but was never formally part of it. Adolf Hitler Active 1933–1945 Random article resisted integrating the Waffen-SS into the army, as it was to remain the armed wing of Country Nazi Germany Donate to Wikipedia [5] the Party and to become an elite police force once the war was won. Prior to the war Allegiance Adolf Hitler it was under the control of the SS Führungshauptamt (SS operational command office) Branch Schutzstaffel beneath Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Upon mobilization its tactical control was Interaction Type Panzer given to the High Command of the Armed Forces (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht).[6] Help Panzergrenadier Initially membership was open to Aryans only in accordance with the racial policy of Cavalry About Wikipedia Nazi Germany, but the rules were partially relaxed in 1940, although Jews and Poles Infantry Community portal remained banned. Hitler authorized the formation of units composed largely or solely of Mountain Infantry Recent changes foreign volunteers and conscripts. By the end of the war, non-Germans made up Police Contact Wikipedia approximately 60 percent of the Waffen-SS.[citation needed] Size 38 Divisions and many minor units at its peak At the post-war Nuremberg Trials the Waffen-SS was condemned as a criminal Toolbox Part of Wehrmacht (de facto) organization due to its essential connection to the Nazi Party and involvement in Garrison/HQ SS Führungshauptamt, Berlin What links here numerous war crimes. -
Rex Vaincra! Lbon Degrelle and the Failure of the Rexist Movement
Rex vaincra! LBon Degrelle and the Failure of the Rexist Movement by Mark Esposito '05 A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree with Honors in History WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts April, 2005 Many thanks to Professor Alexandra Garbarini for her invaluable insights and editorial coritributions. Chapter 1-Introduction "l'homme a la fois le plus aime et le plus hai, le plus celebre et le plus calomnik de la Be1gique."-Pierre ~a~e' In 1937, it could be said of Leon Degrelle that he was, in the words of Pierre Daye, one of his supporters, "the man at once the most loved and the most hated, the most famous and the most infamous in all of Belgium." Degrelle's fame, however, proved to be fleeting. Outside of Belgium, Degrelle, a Catholic nationalist politician turned Nazi-collaborator, is a largely unknown figure. Besides rare translations of works by Degrelle himself, there are only a small number of books in English on Degrelle and Rexism, and none of them have attracted wide scholarly interest. There are sources on the internet about Degrelle, but they are not exactly characterized by rigorous scholarship. Judging by internet searches, virtually the only people in the English speaking world who care about Degrelle are Holocaust deniers, neo-Nazis, and white supremacists of various and sundry types. To this small segment of the population, Lkon Degrelle is a hero. Their admiration for Degrelle seems to be founded mainly on Degrelle9s wartime exploits and his admiration for Hitler, rather than on an analysis of Degrelle's political philosophy. -
Adolf Hitler from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Adolf Hitler From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Hitler" redirects here. For other uses, see Hitler (disambiguation). Navigation Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] ( listen); 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born Main page Adolf Hitler German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Contents Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was chancellor of Featured content Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany (as Führer und Reichskanzler) from Current events 1934 to 1945. Hitler was at the centre of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Random article Holocaust. Donate to Wikipedia Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the German Workers' Party (precursor of the NSDAP) in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup Interaction d'état in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, Help during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, Hitler About Wikipedia gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, Community portal antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. After his Recent changes appointment as chancellor in 1933, he transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a Contact Wikipedia single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. Hitler's aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in continental Toolbox Europe. -
Mémoire Et Usages D'une Référence Historique Par L'extrême-Droite Fran
Les enjeux d’un héritage. Les fascismes : mémoire et usages d’une référence historique par l’extrême-droite française de 1945 à 1984 Jonathan Preda To cite this version: Jonathan Preda. Les enjeux d’un héritage. Les fascismes : mémoire et usages d’une référence his- torique par l’extrême-droite française de 1945 à 1984. Histoire. 2009. dumas-00413649 HAL Id: dumas-00413649 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00413649 Submitted on 4 Sep 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UFR Sciences Humaines – Université Pierre Mendès France Grenoble II Jonathan Preda Les enjeux d’un héritage Les fascismes : Mémoire et usages d’une référence historique par l’extrême-droite française de 1945 à 1984 - sous la direction de Madame Marie-Anne Matard-Bonucci - Mémoire de master 2 « Sciences humaines et sociales » Mention histoire et histoire de l’art - Spécialité : Histoire des relations et des échanges culturels internationaux - - Année 2008/2009 - Je me souviens… ou plutôt il me souvient : le souvenir surgit en moi comme un obstacle qui se met en travers de ma pensée, comme le relent d’une odeur ancienne, ou encore comme un message en attente d’un rappel, consigné dans des lettres périmées pleines de piqures sournoises Günter Grass1 1 Cité in Thomas Serrier, « Günter Grass et la Waffen-SS », Vingtième Siècle, revue d’histoire, numéro 94, avril- juin 2007, p.87. -
Nazi Germany Third Reich Covers
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Nazi Germany From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 52°31′N 13°24′E Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are common names for Germany during the period Navigation from 1933 to 1945, when its government was controlled by Adolf Hitler and his National Greater German Reich Main page Socialist German Workers' Party, commonly known as the Nazi Party. Under Hitler's rule, Großdeutsches Reich Contents Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were ← 1933–1945 → Featured content controlled by the state. Nazi Germany ceased to exist after the Allied Forces defeated the Current events Wehrmacht in May 1945, thus ending World War II in Europe. Random article After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic Donate to Wikipedia Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate their power. Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934, and Hitler Interaction became dictator of Germany when the powers and offices of the Chancellery and Flag Emblem Presidency were merged. A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as Anthem Help sole Führer (leader) of Germany. All power was centralised in Hitler's hands, and his word "Das Lied der Deutschen" About Wikipedia was above all laws. The government was not a coordinated, cooperating body, but rather a Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript Community portal disabled or does not have any supported collection of factions struggling to amass power and gain Hitler's favour. -
History and Politics in French Language Comics and Graphic
History and Politics in French-Language Comics and Graphic Novels This page intentionally left blank History and Politics in French-Language Comics and Graphic Novels Edited by Mark McKinney UNIVERSITY PRESS OF MISSISSIppI / JACKSON www.upress.state.ms.us The University Press of Mississippi is a member of the Association of American University Presses. Copyright © 2008 by University Press of Mississippi All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing 2008 ∞ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data History and politics in French-language comics and graphic novels / edited by Mark McKinney. p. cm. Papers from the conference entitled History and Politics in French-language Comics held at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, Nov. 11–13, 2004. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60473-004-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Comic books, strips, etc.—Europe, French-speaking—History and criticism. 2. History in literature. 3. Politics in lit- erature. 4. History in art. 5. Politics in art. I. McKinney, Mark, 1961– PN6790.E9H57 2008 741.5’3580917541—dc22 2007045711 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available à Louise, qui a appris à lire grâce à Astérix et aux Barbapapa, dans sa langue maternelle and her father tongue, et qui vient de terminer son premier stage de dessinatrice de bandes dessinées This page intentionally left blank Contents xi Editor’s Acknowledgments xiii French-Language Comics Terminology and Referencing 3 ChAPTER ONE Representations of History and Politics in French-Language