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Waste and Recycling in Australia

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Waste and Recycling in Australia Waste and Recycling in Australia Amended report 19 November 2009 A Report Prepared for the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts Waste and Recycling in Australia Amended report Author: M Oke, P Allan, K Goldsworthy, J Pickin Checker: P Allan Approver: P Allan Report no: 1 Date: 19 November 2009 © Commonwealth of Australia 2009 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted at http://www.ag.gov.au/cca The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts or the Minister for Climate Change and Water. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. This report has been prepared for Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts in accordance with the terms and conditions of appointment for Waste and Recycling in Australia dated 13/6/08. Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd (ABN 76 104 485 289) cannot accept any responsibility for any use of or reliance on the contents of this report by any third party. Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd ABN 76 104 485 289 Level 16, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia Tel: +61 3 8623 4000 Fax: +61 3 8623 4111 www.hyderconsulting.com Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Data on waste disposal and recycling in Australia ....................................................... 1 1.2 Organics ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Priority products ......................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Priority rating .............................................................................................................. 11 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 14 2 Australian data on waste and recycling ............................................................... 16 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Disposal and recycling ............................................................................................... 19 2.3 International data comparison .................................................................................... 37 2.4 Trends in waste and recycling .................................................................................... 45 3 Organic waste ......................................................................................................... 49 4 Current consumer products of national significance ......................................... 55 4.1 E-waste (including computers, TVs and mobile phones) ........................................... 55 4.2 Tyres .......................................................................................................................... 66 4.3 Packaging ................................................................................................................... 67 4.4 Fluorescent lamps ...................................................................................................... 74 5 Other key products in Australia ............................................................................ 77 5.1 Consumption and disposal ......................................................................................... 77 5.2 Priority rating system .................................................................................................. 78 6 Waste management strategies/ policies ............................................................... 83 6.1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 83 6.2 New South Wales ....................................................................................................... 83 6.3 Victoria ....................................................................................................................... 86 6.4 Queensland ................................................................................................................ 90 6.5 Western Australia ....................................................................................................... 91 6.6 South Australia ........................................................................................................... 93 6.7 Australian Capital Territory ......................................................................................... 96 6.8 Tasmania .................................................................................................................... 97 6.9 Northern Territory ....................................................................................................... 98 Page i Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd Waste and Recycling in Australia ABN 76 104 485 289 http://aus.hybis.info/Projects0/VC/Awarded/AA002720/F_Reports/1-2008 report amendments/F0001- 19/11/09 2:41 6 AA002720-07 Waste and recycling in Australia - Amended Report 2009_submitted 191109.doc 7 Greenhouse impacts of waste management .......................................................100 7.1 Direct emissions attributed to waste management ................................................... 100 7.2 A life cycle perspective to landfill emissions ............................................................. 102 7.3 The greenhouse implications of recycling and composting ...................................... 103 8 Environmental impacts of waste disposal ..........................................................105 8.1 Types of landfill ........................................................................................................ 105 8.2 Landfill inventory ...................................................................................................... 106 8.3 Landfill emissions and their management ................................................................ 106 8.4 Future landfill capacity .............................................................................................. 112 9 Barriers to resource recovery ..............................................................................113 9.1 Resource Pricing ...................................................................................................... 113 9.2 Disposal pricing ........................................................................................................ 115 9.3 Community awareness ............................................................................................. 116 9.4 Infrastructure availability ........................................................................................... 118 9.5 Policy instruments .................................................................................................... 119 9.6 Data gaps ................................................................................................................. 121 10 References .............................................................................................................123 Appendix 1 Material based summaries for disposal and recycling from the municipal, C&I and C&D waste streams across Australia. Appendix 2 Organics recovery by sector and state/territory Appendix 3 Priority product assessment criteria scores Appendix 4 Landfill inventory tables (WMAA) Appendix 5 Data on computers and televisions Page ii Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd Waste and Recycling in Australia ABN 76 104 485 289 http://aus.hybis.info/Projects0/VC/Awarded/AA002720/F_Reports/1-2008 report amendments/F0001- 19/11/09 2:41 6 AA002720-07 Waste and recycling in Australia - Amended Report 2009_submitted 191109.doc Executive summary In February 2006, Hyder Consulting produced a report titled Waste and Recycling in Australia . This paper informed the then Department of Environment and Heritage’s submission to the Productivity Commission’s inquiry into waste generation and resource efficiency in Australia. The objective of this current report is to update and supplement the information contained in the 2006 report and to provide additional information to illustrate the current picture of waste and recycling in Australia. This report endeavours to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive picture of waste and recycling activity in Australia. However, the data contained within the report should be used with
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