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Home , Collingwood Shale, Lake Erie

The eight continuous AUs (and associated basins) are as follows: Table 2. Summary of mean values of Great oil and National Assessment of Oil and Gas Fact Sheet 1. Saginaw Bed Gas AU ( Basin), gas resource allocations by . 2. [] Northwestern Shale AU (Appalachian Basin), [Compiled from table 1, which contains the full range of statistical 3. [Devonian] Marcellus Shale AU (Appalachian Basin), values] Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources Underlying the 4. Devonian Antrim Continuous Gas AU (), 5. Devonian Antrim Continuous Oil AU (Michigan Basin), Total undiscovered resources U.S. Portions of the , 2005 6. [] Clinton-Medina Transitional AU (Appalachian Basin), Oil Gas Natural gas 7. [] Utica Shale Gas AU (Appalachian Basin), and (million (trillion liquids 8. Ordovician Collingwood Shale Gas AU (Michigan Basin). barrels), cubic feet), (million barrels), Of these eight continuous AUs, only the following four AUs were Lake mean mean mean Lake bathymetry (meters) 300 - 400 assessed quantitatively: [Silurian] Clinton-Medina Transitional AU, Devo- he U.S. Geological Survey recently completed Lake Erie 46.10 3.013 40.68 T 200 - 300 nian Antrim Continuous Gas AU, [Devonian] Marcellus Shale AU, and allocations of oil and gas resources underlying the U.S. por- 100 - 200 Allocation [Devonian] Northwestern Ohio Shale AU. The other four continuous AUs 141.02 0.797 42.49 area tions of the Great Lakes. These allocations were developed 0 - 100 lacked sufficient data to assess quantitatively. 124.59 1.308 37.40 from the oil and gas assessments of the U.S. portions of International border the Appalachian Basin and the Michigan Basin. With the Lake 0.00 0.112 1.12 State border completion of the assessments of these two basins, the fol- Lake Huron Lake Superior not assessed quantitatively Resource Summary lowing quantities of undiscovered, technically recoverable Total 311.71 5.23 121.69 oil and gas resources were allocated to the U.S. portions of WI the Great Lakes: (1) a mean value of 312 million barrels of oil, For the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes, the USGS estimated the (2) a mean value of 5.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and NY following quantities of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and MI (3) a mean value of 122 million barrels of natural gas liquids. Lake Michigan gas resources (table 1): Table 3. Summary of mean values of Great Lakes oil and gas resource allocations by State. 1. a mean value of 312 million barrels of oil, Lake Erie 2. a mean value of 5.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and [Compiled from table 1, which contains the full range of statistical PA 3. a mean value of 122 million barrels of natural gas liquids. values] IL IN OH These estimates are mean estimates. The ranges of uncertainty of Total undiscovered resources Introduction these estimates are shown in table 1. Oil Gas Natural gas (million (trillion liquids The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of Figure 1. Map showing the allocated areas (U.S. portions) of the barrels), cubic feet), (million barrels), the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the U.S. portions of the Appa- Oil and Gas Resource Allocations by Lake lachian Basin and the Michigan Basin in 2002 and 2004, respectively. Great Lakes. Allocation areas do not include islands within the State mean mean mean Following the assessments of these two basins, oil and gas allocations lakes. Allocated oil and gas resources were compiled for each of the 0.75 0.003 0.14 were assigned to the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes (fig. 1) — Lake Great Lakes (tables 1 and 2). The only identified petroleum system 0.82 0.003 0.14 Superior (Michigan, , and ), Lake Michigan beneath Lake Superior is the Nonesuch TPS, which (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin), Lake Huron (Michigan), Assessment Units lacked sufficient data to assess quantitatively. Michigan 282.48 2.157 83.27 Lake Erie (Michigan, , Ohio, and ), and Lake Minnesota not assessed quantitatively Ontario (New York). Allocations for Lake St. Clair (Michigan) were included with those of Lake Erie. Of the AUs, 13 are characterized as conventional oil and gas accumu- Oil and Gas Resource Allocations by State New York 0.00 0.564 6.49 The allocations are based on the geologic elements of each total lations, and 8 are characterized as continuous (unconventional) accumula- tions. The 13 conventional AUs (and associated basins) are as follows: Ohio 25.71 1.942 24.72 petroleum system (TPS) defined in the region and the projected extent Allocated oil and gas resources were compiled for each of the of those elements from onshore beneath each of the lakes. These geo- Pennsylvania 0.00 0.552 6.58 1. Devonian to Berea/Michigan Sandstones AU Great Lakes States (tables 1 and 3). The only identified petroleum logic elements include the hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir rocks, (Michigan Basin); system in the Minnesota portion of the Great Lakes is the Precambrian Wisconsin 1.95 0.008 0.34 and traps. By using this geologic framework, the USGS defined 8 total 2. Middle Devonian Carbonates AU, which includes the Nonesuch TPS, which lacked sufficient data to assess quantitatively. Total 311.71 5.229 121.68 petroleum systems and 21 assessment units (AUs) within the Great River Group, Dundee , and Traverse Group (Michigan Lakes and estimated the quantity of undiscovered technically recover- Basin); able oil and gas resources within 16 of the 21 AUs in the Great Lakes 3. [Devonian] Oriskany Sandstone-Stratigraphic AU (Appalachian By James L. Coleman, Christopher S. Swezey, Robert T. (table 1). Basin); Additional Information 4. Devonian AU (Michigan Basin); Ryder, and Ronald R. Charpentier 5. [Silurian] Lockport Dolomite AU (Appalachian Basin); Supporting geologic studies of the U.S. portions of the Great Total Petroleum Systems 6. Silurian A–1 Carbonate AU (Michigan Basin); Lakes total petroleum systems, assessment units, and allocations are in Great Lakes Review Team 7. Silurian Niagara AU (Michigan Basin); progress. The results of this work, as well as information on the assess- 8. Silurian Burnt Bluff AU (Michigan Basin); ment methodology, are posted on the USGS Web site at The eight total petroleum systems identified in the U.S. portions 9. [Ordovician] -Trenton Hydrothermal Dolomite AU James L. Coleman (Co-Task Leader; [email protected]), http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/noga as they become available. Assess- of the Great Lakes are the (1) Precambrian Nonesuch TPS, (2) Ordovi- (Appalachian Basin); ment results for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portions Christopher S. Swezey (Co-Task Leader; [email protected]), Robert cian Foster TPS, (3) [Ordovician] Utica-Lower Paleozoic TPS, (4) 10. Ordovician Trenton/Black River AU (Michigan Basin); of the Appalachian and Michigan Basins may be found online at T. Ryder (Co-Task Leader; [email protected]), Ronald R. Charpentier, Ordovician to Devonian Composite TPS, (5) Silurian Niagara/Salina 11. [Ordovician] Knox Unconformity AU (Appalachian Basin); http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-009-03 and http://pubs.usgs.gov/ Robert C. Milici, Joseph R. Hatch, Troy A. Cook, Timothy R. Klett, TPS, (6) Devonian Antrim TPS, (7) Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper 12. Ordovician Sandstones and Carbonates AU, which includes the fs/2005/3070/, respectively. Richard M. Pollastro, Christopher J. Schenk, and James W. Schmoker. Paleozoic TPS, and (8) Pennsylvanian Saginaw TPS. Each TPS is du Chien Group, St. Peter Sandstone, Glenwood Formation, and named according to the petroleum source rock(s) of that system. For equivalent stratigraphic units (Michigan Basin); and most of the systems, each TPS is associated with only one source rock. 13. Precambrian Nonesuch AU (Michigan Basin). The Ordovician to Devonian Composite TPS, however, is a composite petroleum system having contributions from one or more of the follow- All these conventional AUs were assessed quantitatively, except ing different source rocks: Ordovician Collingwood Shale, Devonian for the Precambrian Nonesuch AU, which lacked sufficient data to Group, and Devonian . assess quantitatively.

U.S. Department of the Interior Fact Sheet 2006–3049 U.S. Geological Survey Printed on recycled paper April 2006 Table 1. Great Lakes oil and gas resource allocations by total petroleum system and assessment unit. [All tabulated results are for technically recoverable resources. MMBO is million barrels of oil. BCFG is billion cubic feet of gas. MMBNGL is million barrels of natural gas liquids. Results shown are fully risked estimates. For gas fields, all liquids are included under the NGL (natural gas liquids) category. F95 represents a 95-percent chance of at least the amount tabulated. Other fractiles are defined similarly. Fractiles are additive under the assumption of perfect positive correlation. TPS is total petroleum system. AU is assessment unit. Gray shade indicates not applicable or not assessed quantitatively] Total undiscovered resources Resource Total petroleum Assessment Field Lake State Oil (MMBO) Gas (BCFG) NGL (MMBNGL) type systems units type F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean Devonian Shale- Oriskany Sandstone- Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Middle and Stratigraphic AU Gas 9.31 31.89 77.29 36.06 0.07 0.25 0.65 0.29 Upper Paleozoic Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Gas 4.31 14.55 34.71 16.41 0.03 0.11 0.29 0.13 Silurian Niagara/ Devonian Sylvania Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salina TPS Sandstone AU Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Silurian Niagara AU Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.28 3.34 11.09 4.21 0.54 6.66 23.60 8.65 0.04 0.50 1.90 0.68 Gas 0.84 10.21 33.78 12.80 0.05 0.63 2.23 0.82 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 38.86 90.59 163.97 94.74 72.90 181.49 362.23 194.89 5.20 13.78 30.16 15.22 Gas 117.27 273.60 507.52 287.74 6.82 17.13 34.58 18.42 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.01 0.17 0.56 0.21 0.03 0.33 1.18 0.44 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.03 Gas 0.04 0.51 1.70 0.64 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.04 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 32.31 75.55 144.54 80.23 60.77 151.61 315.02 165.05 4.35 11.54 26.09 12.89 Gas 96.95 228.66 445.25 243.90 5.71 14.25 30.17 15.61 Ordovician to Devonian to Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Devonian Mississippian Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Composite TPS Berea/Michigan Lake Huron Michigan Oil 1.88 4.76 9.33 5.01 0.85 2.28 4.96 2.50 0.03 0.09 0.21 0.10 Sandstones AU Gas 10.80 30.06 63.47 32.75 0.40 1.18 2.68 1.31 Middle Devonian Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Carbonates AU Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Indiana Oil 0.00 0.07 0.32 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.16 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 2.26 10.91 37.08 14.13 1.07 5.33 18.96 7.05 0.08 0.42 1.56 0.56 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.04 0.68 3.16 1.02 0.02 0.33 1.60 0.51 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.04 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 6.03 26.17 69.62 30.51 2.84 12.71 36.08 15.21 0.21 0.99 3.00 1.22 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Silurian A-1 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Carbonate AU Gas 1.36 6.89 26.03 9.37 0.03 0.13 0.53 0.19 Silurian Burnt Bluff Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AU Gas 0.00 0.05 0.22 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 3.86 13.32 35.21 15.60 0.07 0.26 0.73 0.31 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.12 1.61 6.54 2.24 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.04 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 4.67 16.34 45.02 19.43 0.09 0.32 0.93 0.39 Ordovician Trenton/ Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.79 11.41 47.98 16.16 1.52 22.12 98.61 32.38 0.10 1.50 7.08 2.27 Black River AU Gas 0.58 8.41 38.31 12.51 0.01 0.16 0.79 0.25 Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.78 11.35 48.54 16.18 1.51 22.09 99.21 32.38 0.10 1.51 7.08 2.27 Gas 0.58 8.38 37.99 12.42 0.01 0.16 0.78 0.25 Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.03 0.51 2.13 0.72 0.07 0.99 4.40 1.45 0.00 0.07 0.31 0.10 Gas 0.02 0.37 1.72 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 Lake Michigan Indiana Oil 0.03 0.51 2.15 0.72 0.07 0.99 4.40 1.44 0.00 0.07 0.32 0.10 Gas 0.02 0.38 1.70 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 0.59 8.59 36.33 12.21 1.11 16.72 74.00 24.46 0.08 1.14 5.28 1.71 Gas 0.43 6.39 29.09 9.45 0.01 0.12 0.59 0.19 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.03 0.51 2.15 0.72 0.07 0.99 4.40 1.44 0.00 0.07 0.31 0.10 Conventional oil and gas resources oil and gas Conventional Gas 0.03 0.38 1.73 0.56 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 1.23 17.93 74.13 25.27 2.33 34.84 154.67 50.81 0.16 2.37 11.03 3.55 Gas 0.87 13.00 60.07 19.47 0.02 0.25 1.21 0.39 Utica-Lower Lockport Dolomite Lake Erie New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Paleozoic TPS AU Gas 1.63 7.87 27.85 10.40 0.02 0.08 0.28 0.10 Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 42.51 140.20 321.82 156.39 0.40 1.37 3.39 1.56 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 4.50 18.15 46.13 20.81 0.04 0.18 0.48 0.21 Black River-Trenton Lake Erie New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydrothermal Gas 5.54 41.19 152.58 55.08 0.05 0.40 1.56 0.55 Dolomite AU Lake Erie Ohio Oil 1.03 5.22 16.25 6.51 4.89 25.54 84.08 32.54 0.05 0.25 0.87 0.32 Gas 15.65 72.02 237.53 92.15 0.15 0.70 2.46 0.92 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 2.23 13.83 49.70 18.29 0.02 0.13 0.51 0.18 Lake Ontario New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 16.81 85.05 286.70 109.92 0.16 0.83 2.95 1.10 Knox Unconformity Lake Erie New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AU Gas 0.69 4.84 17.10 6.33 0.01 0.05 0.18 0.06 Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.78 2.73 6.43 3.04 3.60 13.27 33.45 15.21 0.03 0.13 0.35 0.15 Gas 5.38 23.63 74.04 29.54 0.05 0.23 0.76 0.30 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.54 3.28 11.19 4.22 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.04 Lake Ontario New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.13 1.58 5.78 2.09 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.02 Ordovician Foster Ordovician Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Sandstones and Gas 0.03 0.41 1.65 0.56 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.02 Carbonates AU Lake Michigan Indiana Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.03 0.40 1.62 0.56 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.02 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.44 6.02 24.58 8.43 0.02 0.25 1.06 0.35 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.08 1.21 4.95 1.69 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.07 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 29.15 128.57 412.88 162.60 1.15 5.30 17.88 6.85 Total 86.98 271.03 675.82 311.71 531.61 1,711.59 4,444.51 1,998.09 25.82 79.16 204.35 92.35 Devonian Shale- Northwestern Ohio Lake Erie New York Gas 2.75 8.94 24.10 10.61 0.05 0.17 0.50 0.21 Middle and Shale AU Lake Erie Ohio Gas 6.18 24.32 68.78 29.19 0.12 0.47 1.43 0.58 Upper Paleozoic Lake Erie Pennsylvania Gas 2.98 11.07 30.98 13.26 0.06 0.22 0.64 0.27 Marcellus Shale AU Lake Erie New York Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Lake Erie Ohio Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Devonian Antrim Devonian Antrim Lake Erie Michigan Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Continuous Gas Lake Michigan Indiana Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AU Lake Michigan Michigan Gas 445.18 728.39 1,114.73 747.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Huron Michigan Gas 5.51 63.95 179.31 74.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Utica-Lower Clinton-Medina Lake Erie New York Gas 166.18 339.16 674.58 369.82 1.80 3.98 8.61 4.44 Paleozoic TPS Transitional AU Lake Erie Ohio Gas 843.70 1,505.53 2,179.97 1,506.52 9.15 17.43 29.20 18.08 Continuous gas resources gas Continuous Lake Erie Pennsylvania Gas 252.61 463.27 756.52 479.10 2.74 5.42 9.88 5.75 Total 1,725.09 3,144.64 5,028.97 3,230.62 13.92 27.69 50.26 29.32 Total undiscovered resources Oil (MMBO) Gas (BCFG) NGL (MMBNGL) F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean TOTALS 86.98 271.03 675.82 311.71 2,256.70 4,856.23 9,473.48 5,228.71 39.74 106.86 254.61 121.68 Table 1. Great Lakes oil and gas resource allocations by total petroleum system and assessment unit. [All tabulated results are for technically recoverable resources. MMBO is million barrels of oil. BCFG is billion cubic feet of gas. MMBNGL is million barrels of natural gas liquids. Results shown are fully risked estimates. For gas fields, all liquids are included under the NGL (natural gas liquids) category. F95 represents a 95-percent chance of at least the amount tabulated. Other fractiles are defined similarly. Fractiles are additive under the assumption of perfect positive correlation. TPS is total petroleum system. AU is assessment unit. Gray shade indicates not applicable or not assessed quantitatively] Total undiscovered resources Resource Total petroleum Assessment Field Lake State Oil (MMBO) Gas (BCFG) NGL (MMBNGL) type systems units type F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean Devonian Shale- Oriskany Sandstone- Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Middle and Stratigraphic AU Gas 9.31 31.89 77.29 36.06 0.07 0.25 0.65 0.29 Upper Paleozoic Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Gas 4.31 14.55 34.71 16.41 0.03 0.11 0.29 0.13 Silurian Niagara/ Devonian Sylvania Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salina TPS Sandstone AU Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Silurian Niagara AU Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.28 3.34 11.09 4.21 0.54 6.66 23.60 8.65 0.04 0.50 1.90 0.68 Gas 0.84 10.21 33.78 12.80 0.05 0.63 2.23 0.82 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 38.86 90.59 163.97 94.74 72.90 181.49 362.23 194.89 5.20 13.78 30.16 15.22 Gas 117.27 273.60 507.52 287.74 6.82 17.13 34.58 18.42 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.01 0.17 0.56 0.21 0.03 0.33 1.18 0.44 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.03 Gas 0.04 0.51 1.70 0.64 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.04 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 32.31 75.55 144.54 80.23 60.77 151.61 315.02 165.05 4.35 11.54 26.09 12.89 Gas 96.95 228.66 445.25 243.90 5.71 14.25 30.17 15.61 Ordovician to Devonian to Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Devonian Mississippian Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Composite TPS Berea/Michigan Lake Huron Michigan Oil 1.88 4.76 9.33 5.01 0.85 2.28 4.96 2.50 0.03 0.09 0.21 0.10 Sandstones AU Gas 10.80 30.06 63.47 32.75 0.40 1.18 2.68 1.31 Middle Devonian Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Carbonates AU Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Indiana Oil 0.00 0.07 0.32 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.16 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 2.26 10.91 37.08 14.13 1.07 5.33 18.96 7.05 0.08 0.42 1.56 0.56 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.04 0.68 3.16 1.02 0.02 0.33 1.60 0.51 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.04 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 6.03 26.17 69.62 30.51 2.84 12.71 36.08 15.21 0.21 0.99 3.00 1.22 Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Silurian A-1 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Carbonate AU Gas 1.36 6.89 26.03 9.37 0.03 0.13 0.53 0.19 Silurian Burnt Bluff Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AU Gas 0.00 0.05 0.22 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 3.86 13.32 35.21 15.60 0.07 0.26 0.73 0.31 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.12 1.61 6.54 2.24 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.04 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 4.67 16.34 45.02 19.43 0.09 0.32 0.93 0.39 Ordovician Trenton/ Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.79 11.41 47.98 16.16 1.52 22.12 98.61 32.38 0.10 1.50 7.08 2.27 Black River AU Gas 0.58 8.41 38.31 12.51 0.01 0.16 0.79 0.25 Lake Erie Michigan Oil 0.78 11.35 48.54 16.18 1.51 22.09 99.21 32.38 0.10 1.51 7.08 2.27 Gas 0.58 8.38 37.99 12.42 0.01 0.16 0.78 0.25 Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.03 0.51 2.13 0.72 0.07 0.99 4.40 1.45 0.00 0.07 0.31 0.10 Gas 0.02 0.37 1.72 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 Lake Michigan Indiana Oil 0.03 0.51 2.15 0.72 0.07 0.99 4.40 1.44 0.00 0.07 0.32 0.10 Gas 0.02 0.38 1.70 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 0.59 8.59 36.33 12.21 1.11 16.72 74.00 24.46 0.08 1.14 5.28 1.71 Gas 0.43 6.39 29.09 9.45 0.01 0.12 0.59 0.19 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.03 0.51 2.15 0.72 0.07 0.99 4.40 1.44 0.00 0.07 0.31 0.10 Conventional oil and gas resources oil and gas Conventional Gas 0.03 0.38 1.73 0.56 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 1.23 17.93 74.13 25.27 2.33 34.84 154.67 50.81 0.16 2.37 11.03 3.55 Gas 0.87 13.00 60.07 19.47 0.02 0.25 1.21 0.39 Utica-Lower Lockport Dolomite Lake Erie New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Paleozoic TPS AU Gas 1.63 7.87 27.85 10.40 0.02 0.08 0.28 0.10 Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 42.51 140.20 321.82 156.39 0.40 1.37 3.39 1.56 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 4.50 18.15 46.13 20.81 0.04 0.18 0.48 0.21 Black River-Trenton Lake Erie New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydrothermal Gas 5.54 41.19 152.58 55.08 0.05 0.40 1.56 0.55 Dolomite AU Lake Erie Ohio Oil 1.03 5.22 16.25 6.51 4.89 25.54 84.08 32.54 0.05 0.25 0.87 0.32 Gas 15.65 72.02 237.53 92.15 0.15 0.70 2.46 0.92 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 2.23 13.83 49.70 18.29 0.02 0.13 0.51 0.18 Lake Ontario New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 16.81 85.05 286.70 109.92 0.16 0.83 2.95 1.10 Knox Unconformity Lake Erie New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AU Gas 0.69 4.84 17.10 6.33 0.01 0.05 0.18 0.06 Lake Erie Ohio Oil 0.78 2.73 6.43 3.04 3.60 13.27 33.45 15.21 0.03 0.13 0.35 0.15 Gas 5.38 23.63 74.04 29.54 0.05 0.23 0.76 0.30 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.54 3.28 11.19 4.22 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.04 Lake Ontario New York Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.13 1.58 5.78 2.09 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.02 Ordovician Foster Ordovician Lake Michigan Illinois Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Sandstones and Gas 0.03 0.41 1.65 0.56 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.02 Carbonates AU Lake Michigan Indiana Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.03 0.40 1.62 0.56 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.02 Lake Michigan Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.44 6.02 24.58 8.43 0.02 0.25 1.06 0.35 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 0.08 1.21 4.95 1.69 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.07 Lake Huron Michigan Oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gas 29.15 128.57 412.88 162.60 1.15 5.30 17.88 6.85 Total 86.98 271.03 675.82 311.71 531.61 1,711.59 4,444.51 1,998.09 25.82 79.16 204.35 92.35 Devonian Shale- Northwestern Ohio Lake Erie New York Gas 2.75 8.94 24.10 10.61 0.05 0.17 0.50 0.21 Middle and Shale AU Lake Erie Ohio Gas 6.18 24.32 68.78 29.19 0.12 0.47 1.43 0.58 Upper Paleozoic Lake Erie Pennsylvania Gas 2.98 11.07 30.98 13.26 0.06 0.22 0.64 0.27 Marcellus Shale AU Lake Erie New York Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Lake Erie Ohio Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Erie Pennsylvania Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Devonian Antrim Devonian Antrim Lake Erie Michigan Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TPS Continuous Gas Lake Michigan Indiana Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AU Lake Michigan Michigan Gas 445.18 728.39 1,114.73 747.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Michigan Wisconsin Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lake Huron Michigan Gas 5.51 63.95 179.31 74.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Utica-Lower Clinton-Medina Lake Erie New York Gas 166.18 339.16 674.58 369.82 1.80 3.98 8.61 4.44 Paleozoic TPS Transitional AU Lake Erie Ohio Gas 843.70 1,505.53 2,179.97 1,506.52 9.15 17.43 29.20 18.08 Continuous gas resources gas Continuous Lake Erie Pennsylvania Gas 252.61 463.27 756.52 479.10 2.74 5.42 9.88 5.75 Total 1,725.09 3,144.64 5,028.97 3,230.62 13.92 27.69 50.26 29.32 Total undiscovered resources Oil (MMBO) Gas (BCFG) NGL (MMBNGL) F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean F95 F50 F5 Mean TOTALS 86.98 271.03 675.82 311.71 2,256.70 4,856.23 9,473.48 5,228.71 39.74 106.86 254.61 121.68 The eight continuous AUs (and associated basins) are as follows: Table 2. Summary of mean values of Great Lakes oil and National Assessment of Oil and Gas Fact Sheet 1. Pennsylvanian Saginaw Coal Bed Gas AU (Michigan Basin), gas resource allocations by lake. 2. [Devonian] Northwestern Ohio Shale AU (Appalachian Basin), [Compiled from table 1, which contains the full range of statistical 3. [Devonian] Marcellus Shale AU (Appalachian Basin), values] Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources Underlying the 4. Devonian Antrim Continuous Gas AU (Michigan Basin), 5. Devonian Antrim Continuous Oil AU (Michigan Basin), Total undiscovered resources U.S. Portions of the Great Lakes, 2005 6. [Silurian] Clinton-Medina Transitional AU (Appalachian Basin), Oil Gas Natural gas 7. [Ordovician] Utica Shale Gas AU (Appalachian Basin), and (million (trillion liquids 8. Ordovician Collingwood Shale Gas AU (Michigan Basin). barrels), cubic feet), (million barrels), Of these eight continuous AUs, only the following four AUs were Lake mean mean mean Lake bathymetry (meters) 300 - 400 assessed quantitatively: [Silurian] Clinton-Medina Transitional AU, Devo- he U.S. Geological Survey recently completed Lake Erie 46.10 3.013 40.68 T 200 - 300 nian Antrim Continuous Gas AU, [Devonian] Marcellus Shale AU, and Lake Superior allocations of oil and gas resources underlying the U.S. por- 100 - 200 Allocation [Devonian] Northwestern Ohio Shale AU. The other four continuous AUs Lake Huron 141.02 0.797 42.49 area tions of the Great Lakes. These allocations were developed 0 - 100 lacked sufficient data to assess quantitatively. Lake Michigan 124.59 1.308 37.40 from the oil and gas assessments of the U.S. portions of International border the Appalachian Basin and the Michigan Basin. With the Lake Ontario 0.00 0.112 1.12 State border completion of the assessments of these two basins, the fol- Lake Huron Lake Superior not assessed quantitatively Resource Summary lowing quantities of undiscovered, technically recoverable Total 311.71 5.23 121.69 oil and gas resources were allocated to the U.S. portions of WI the Great Lakes: (1) a mean value of 312 million barrels of oil, Lake Ontario For the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes, the USGS estimated the (2) a mean value of 5.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and NY following quantities of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and MI (3) a mean value of 122 million barrels of natural gas liquids. Lake Michigan gas resources (table 1): Table 3. Summary of mean values of Great Lakes oil and gas resource allocations by State. 1. a mean value of 312 million barrels of oil, Lake Erie 2. a mean value of 5.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and [Compiled from table 1, which contains the full range of statistical PA 3. a mean value of 122 million barrels of natural gas liquids. values] IL IN OH These estimates are mean estimates. The ranges of uncertainty of Total undiscovered resources Introduction these estimates are shown in table 1. Oil Gas Natural gas (million (trillion liquids The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of Figure 1. Map showing the allocated areas (U.S. portions) of the barrels), cubic feet), (million barrels), the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the U.S. portions of the Appa- Oil and Gas Resource Allocations by Lake lachian Basin and the Michigan Basin in 2002 and 2004, respectively. Great Lakes. Allocation areas do not include islands within the State mean mean mean Following the assessments of these two basins, oil and gas allocations lakes. Allocated oil and gas resources were compiled for each of the Illinois 0.75 0.003 0.14 were assigned to the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes (fig. 1) — Lake Great Lakes (tables 1 and 2). The only identified petroleum system Indiana 0.82 0.003 0.14 Superior (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin), Lake Michigan beneath Lake Superior is the Precambrian Nonesuch TPS, which (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin), Lake Huron (Michigan), Assessment Units lacked sufficient data to assess quantitatively. Michigan 282.48 2.157 83.27 Lake Erie (Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania), and Lake Minnesota not assessed quantitatively Ontario (New York). Allocations for Lake St. Clair (Michigan) were included with those of Lake Erie. Of the AUs, 13 are characterized as conventional oil and gas accumu- Oil and Gas Resource Allocations by State New York 0.00 0.564 6.49 The allocations are based on the geologic elements of each total lations, and 8 are characterized as continuous (unconventional) accumula- tions. The 13 conventional AUs (and associated basins) are as follows: Ohio 25.71 1.942 24.72 petroleum system (TPS) defined in the region and the projected extent Allocated oil and gas resources were compiled for each of the of those elements from onshore beneath each of the lakes. These geo- Pennsylvania 0.00 0.552 6.58 1. Devonian to Mississippian Berea/Michigan Sandstones AU Great Lakes States (tables 1 and 3). The only identified petroleum logic elements include the hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir rocks, (Michigan Basin); system in the Minnesota portion of the Great Lakes is the Precambrian Wisconsin 1.95 0.008 0.34 and traps. By using this geologic framework, the USGS defined 8 total 2. Middle Devonian Carbonates AU, which includes the Detroit Nonesuch TPS, which lacked sufficient data to assess quantitatively. Total 311.71 5.229 121.68 petroleum systems and 21 assessment units (AUs) within the Great River Group, , and Traverse Group (Michigan Lakes and estimated the quantity of undiscovered technically recover- Basin); able oil and gas resources within 16 of the 21 AUs in the Great Lakes 3. [Devonian] Oriskany Sandstone-Stratigraphic AU (Appalachian By James L. Coleman, Christopher S. Swezey, Robert T. (table 1). Basin); Additional Information 4. Devonian Sylvania Sandstone AU (Michigan Basin); Ryder, and Ronald R. Charpentier 5. [Silurian] Lockport Dolomite AU (Appalachian Basin); Supporting geologic studies of the U.S. portions of the Great Total Petroleum Systems 6. Silurian A–1 Carbonate AU (Michigan Basin); Lakes total petroleum systems, assessment units, and allocations are in Great Lakes Review Team 7. Silurian Niagara AU (Michigan Basin); progress. The results of this work, as well as information on the assess- 8. Silurian Burnt Bluff AU (Michigan Basin); ment methodology, are posted on the USGS Web site at The eight total petroleum systems identified in the U.S. portions 9. [Ordovician] Black River-Trenton Hydrothermal Dolomite AU James L. Coleman (Co-Task Leader; [email protected]), http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/noga as they become available. Assess- of the Great Lakes are the (1) Precambrian Nonesuch TPS, (2) Ordovi- (Appalachian Basin); ment results for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portions Christopher S. Swezey (Co-Task Leader; [email protected]), Robert cian Foster TPS, (3) [Ordovician] Utica-Lower Paleozoic TPS, (4) 10. Ordovician Trenton/Black River AU (Michigan Basin); of the Appalachian and Michigan Basins may be found online at T. Ryder (Co-Task Leader; [email protected]), Ronald R. Charpentier, Ordovician to Devonian Composite TPS, (5) Silurian Niagara/Salina 11. [Ordovician] Knox Unconformity AU (Appalachian Basin); http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-009-03 and http://pubs.usgs.gov/ Robert C. Milici, Joseph R. Hatch, Troy A. Cook, Timothy R. Klett, TPS, (6) Devonian Antrim TPS, (7) Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper 12. Ordovician Sandstones and Carbonates AU, which includes the Prairie fs/2005/3070/, respectively. Richard M. Pollastro, Christopher J. Schenk, and James W. Schmoker. Paleozoic TPS, and (8) Pennsylvanian Saginaw TPS. Each TPS is du Chien Group, St. Peter Sandstone, Glenwood Formation, and named according to the petroleum source rock(s) of that system. For equivalent stratigraphic units (Michigan Basin); and most of the systems, each TPS is associated with only one source rock. 13. Precambrian Nonesuch AU (Michigan Basin). The Ordovician to Devonian Composite TPS, however, is a composite petroleum system having contributions from one or more of the follow- All these conventional AUs were assessed quantitatively, except ing different source rocks: Ordovician Collingwood Shale, Devonian for the Precambrian Nonesuch AU, which lacked sufficient data to Detroit River Group, and Devonian Antrim Shale. assess quantitatively.

U.S. Department of the Interior Fact Sheet 2006–3049 U.S. Geological Survey Printed on recycled paper April 2006