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Status of Action Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

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Status of Action Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children onitoring status of action against commercial sexual exploitation of children CAMBODIA 2nd EDITION This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the Swedish Cooperation Agency (SIDA), The Body Shop International, The Oak Foundation and Irish Aid. The views expressed herein are solely those of ECPAT International. The support from these donors does not constitute endorsement of the opinions expressed. This publication was compiled by Veyoma Hevamange with the assistance of Francois-Xavier Souchet, Patchareeboon Sakulpitakphon, Kritsana Pimonsaengsuriya, Junita Upadhyay, Alessia Altamura, Reshmi Mitra, Anjan Bose, Jake Lucchi, Terra Nevitt and Mark Capaldi. This report was also developed in collaboration with ECPAT Cambodia. Extracts from this publication may be reproduced only with permission from ECPAT International and acknowledgment of the source and ECPAT International. A copy of the relevant publication using extracted material must be provided to ECPAT. Copyright © 2011, ECPAT International (2nd Edition) Design by: Manida Naebklang ECPAT International (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) 328/1 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand www.ecpat.net [email protected] Cambodia|2 Cambodia|3 CONTENTS Glossary 4 Foreword 5 Methodology 6 Cambodia: Introduction 8 National Plan of Action 15 Coordination and Cooperation 16 Prevention 21 Protection 23 Child and Youth Participation 32 Priority Actions Required 34 Annex 36 Endnotes 46 Cambodia|2 Cambodia|3 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS • ASEAN: The Association of Southeast • MoU: Memorandum of Understanding Asian Nations • MoEYS: Ministry of Education, Youth • CCWC: Commune Council for Women and Sport and Children • MoSVY: Ministry of Social Affairs, • CEOP: The UK’s Child Exploitation and Veteran’s Affairs and Youth Rehabilitation Online Protection (CEOP) Center • MPCFI: Municipal/Provincial Court of • CNCC: Cambodia National Council for First Instances Children • NPA: National Plan of Action • COMMIT: Coordinated Mekong • NC/S.T.S.L.S.: National Committee Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking to lead the Suppression of Human • CRC: Convention on the Rights of Child Trafficking, Smuggling, Labour • CSEC: Commercial Sexual Exploitation Exploitation of Women and Children of Children • NGO: Non-governmental Organization • CTIP: The Countering Trafficking in • OPSC: Optional Protocol on Sale of Persons Programme Children, Child Prostitution and Child • CST : Child sex tourism Pornography • EAP : East Asia and the Pacific • SOMTC: ASEAN Senior Officials • ECPAT: End Child Prostitution, Child Meeting on Transnational Crime Pornography and the Trafficking of • TSECInfo: Trafficking and Sexual Children for Sexual Purposes Exploitation database • GNI : Gross National Income • TIP Task Force: National Task Force • HLWG: High Level Working Group against Trafficking in Persons • ICE: US Immigration and Customs • UNIAP: United Nations Inter-Agency Enforcement (ICE) Project on Human Trafficking • ILO: International Labour Organization • UNICEF: United Nations Children’s • ILO-TICW: ILO Project to Fund Combat Trafficking in Children and • UNOHCHR: United Nations Office Women of the High Commissioner for Human • IOM: International Organization of Rights Migration • UNHCR: United Nations High • LEASECTC: Law Enforcement against Commissioner for Refugees Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking in • UPR: Universal Periodic Review Children • USAID: United States Agency for • MAWG: Management and Analysis International Development Working Group • YPP: Youth Participation Project • MoJ: Ministry of Justice Cambodia|4 Cambodia|5 FOREWORD The 2008 Rio de Janeiro Declaration and We are confident these unique publications Call for Action to Prevent and Stop Sexual will support governments to take prescribed Exploitation of Children and Adolescents actions to protect children from such heinous (CSEC) represents a broad societal alliance violations, which are still perpetrated with that builds on more than twenty years of impunity in many countries. They also have global action. The First World Congress the potential to stimulate the exchange of against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of experience and knowledge among different Children was held in 1996 in Stockholm, actors to create a dialogue that can enhance Sweden. It marked the first public recognition our collective efforts against CSEC. by governments of the existence of CSEC and resulted in a commitment to an Agenda for Over the years, ECPAT’s A4A reports have Action adopted by 122 governments. become a baseline of information on actions taken and a roadmap for addressing gaps Since 1996, many actors around the world in each country based on the framework have focused their efforts around this common of the Stockholm Agenda. The reports agenda, and more government and non- succeeded in their goal of providing a basis government entities have joined in to advance for more systematic assessment of progress positive change for children and to protect on implementation of country commitments. their right to live free from sexual exploitation. Moreover, we know they provide an important support to the implementation of other However, the increasing sophistication of international mechanisms that exist to protect resources available to those who seek to children’s rights, such as the Convention exploit children has grown in equal measure. on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Responding to these challenges, and Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child particularly to new CSEC manifestations such Prostitution and Child Pornography. Today, 193 as exploitation using the Internet and mobile countries have ratified the CRC, and 143 the technologies, requires new partnerships, and OPSC. more coordinated and targeted efforts to address a borderless crime. Production of such comprehensive publications requires global collaboration. ECPAT Experience demonstrates that the level of International would like to thank all those who responsibility and role that a government takes participated in the work and contributed their to set and uphold standards of protection inputs. This includes ECPAT member groups, determines the nature, quantity and quality local experts and organisations, as well as the of what the country achieves overall for its dedicated staff and interns in the Secretariat children. Unfortunately, country actions of ECPAT International. We acknowledge the have not been uniform, and far more urgent generous support of donors who back these work must be done. In particular, the efforts. The A4A reports would not have been Rio Declaration highlights the increased realised without their support and solidarity. vulnerability of children in a less stable world. This is why I welcome the publication of second editions of ECPAT International’s Agenda for Action (A4A) Country Reports Monitoring the Status of Action against the Kathleen Speake Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children. Executive Director, ECPAT International Cambodia|4 Cambodia|5 METHODOLOGY The Agenda for Action against Commercial in their work and to ensure consistency in Sexual Exploitation of Children provides a the gathering, interpreting and analysing of detailed framework and categories of actions information from different sources and parts to be taken by governments in partnership of the world. with civil society organizations and other relevant actors for combating commercial Desktop research has shown a continuing sexual crimes against children. Broadly, these lack of information in the areas of Recovery, actions are focused on: 1) Coordination and Rehabilitation and Reintegration. After Cooperation; 2) Prevention; 3) Protection; 4) extensive efforts to collect information Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reintegration; relevant to these areas for each of the and 5) Child Participation. The Agenda countries covered, it was decided that as this for Action is thus the formal and guiding information was not consistently available, structure used by governments that have the reports thus focus only on those areas adopted it and committed to work against of the Agenda for Action where verifiable CSEC. As such, the Agenda for Action information can be obtained. Thus, the report is also the main organising framework for covers: Coordination and Cooperation; reporting on the status of implementation of Prevention; Protection and Child and Youth the Agenda as seen in the World Congress Participation, and where information on II of 2001, the Mid-Term Review meetings recovery, rehabilitaton and reintegration, held between 2004 and 2005 and the World was available, it has been included under the Congress III in 2008. It has been used in the country overview. These 2nd Edition Reports same way to structure and guide the research, also reflect a greater focus on integrated and analysis and preparation of information inter-sector collaboration for the realisation presented in these reports on the status of the right of the child to protection from of implementation of the Agenda in the sexual exploitation, including the need individual countries. nationally for comprehensive child protection systems. Preparatory work for this 2nd Edition report involved a review of the literature available Research of secondary sources, including on sexual exploitation for each of the CRC country and alternative reports, OPSC countries where ECPAT works. A number country and alternative reports, the reports of of tools were prepared,
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