Herewith the first official notice of Clivia 2006, the 4th International Clivia Conference, to be hosted by the Northern Clivia Club on September 6th and 7th, 2006 in Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.

A South African Championship Show will be held on September 9th & 10th, 2006, & a Clivia Auction of rare and special Clivia on September 9th, 2006 to coincide with Clivia 2006

For more information regarding the Conference, Championship Show, Auction, Accommodation & Tours please visit www.cliviasociety.org or contact

Dr Lena van der Merwe Tel & Fax +27 (0)12 804 8892 E-mail: [email protected]

E-mails, faxes and telephone messages will be forwarded by Dr van der Merwe to all relevant committee members.

Clivia 2006 promises to be a memorable occasion! Don't miss out! Be there!

Watch www.cliviasociety.org for updates CLIVIA SOCIETY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Inside back cover EDITORIAL — Meg Hart 2 FROM THE CHAIRMAN — Chris Vlok 3 OBITUARY — Johan Schoombee 3 IN MEMORIAM — A TRIBUTE TO FRED GIBELLO — A TRUE FRIEND OF ALL CLIVIA ENTHUSIASTS — Willie le Roux 3 CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION — Claude Felbert 4 STORIES BEHIND THE COVER PHOTOGRAPHS — John van der Linde 5 CORRESPONDENCE 8 The late Gert Wiese — acknowledgement — Andre Wiese 8 Clivia search — Wilma Tindall 8 Clivia mirabilis seedling orders — Mick Dower 10 Traditional uses of Clivia nobilis — Chris Vlok 10 A beginner’s perspective — Cobus Roos 10 Last laugh — Andy Falk 10 MUSINGS: Musing 1 — The sick Clivia — Roger Fisher 11 PRACTICAL HINTS FOR BEGINNERS 13 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 18 2005 SHOW DATES 21 2006 INTERNATIONAL CLIVIA CONFERENCE AND SHOW — James Abel 22 2006 CLIVIA AUCTION 24 FOR SALE 25 BEGINNER'S LUCK — Meg Hart 26 ON THE COMPOST HEAP — Meg Hart 28 WIN SEED WITH YOUR CLIVIA PHOTOS 28 CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS 30 CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION ENTRY FORM 31 CLIVIA 2006 CONFERENCE - SHARE YOUR INTENSIONS FORM 32

Views expressed in the newsletter are not necessarily those of the Committee and the Clivia Society.

1 The New Year starts with all the announce­ seedlings will hear about their orders. There ments of the forthcoming shows in South is a brief note on the uses of C. nobilis in tra­ Africa, and we also look as far ahead as ditional medicine. Cobus Roos makes sug­ 2006 to the International Clivia Conference gestions on starting a clivia collection. and Show. A programme has been planned Many members have contributed to for tours in 2006 so that Clivia enthusiasts ‘Practical hints for beginners’ and different can plan ahead to see whether they can aspects of clivia cultivation are discussed. A afford the time, money and effort to join us new section, ‘Questions and answers’ for our festivities. should also prove stimulating and bring up I suppose it is inevitable that when we have interesting points for discussion. Dickie a Society the size of ours made up of many Gunston and Tom Whitehorn have posed middle aged and elderly members there is some very interesting questions. Many of bound to be an obituary in almost every the subjects chatted about on the Clivia newsletter. This quarter we announce the Enthusiast Group also have merit, especially passing of Fred Gibello, another of our as there is instant feedback. Founder Members. He will leave a big gap in When I first heard that a fifth Clivia species the hearts of many clivia friends. had been discovered, I immediately thought John van der Linde is on holiday in the it must be the ‘Swamp Clivia’, found in Maldives and the Galapagos Islands but still Pondoland in the Transkei. However, it managed to glean sufficient information turned out to be Clivia mirabilis. Now the about the clivias depicted on this issue’s sixth species, the ‘Swamp Clivia’, has been cover before he left. Roger Fisher has filled described in the Botanical Journal of the the gap John left when he finished his series Linnean Society, 2004, 146, 369-374 by on ‘Some early names associated with Murray, Ran de Lange, Hammett, Truter and clivia’. During the academic vacation Roger Swanevelder. This new species, very similar did some ‘Musings’ the first of which appear in appearance to C. gardenii, has been in this newsletter. Please note that the dead­ named Clivia robusta. However it differs line date for the photographic competition from all the other pendulous species in that it has been extended to Sunday 10 April. has a unique morphology, distribution, kary­ otype and molecular fingerprinting. The The ‘Correspondence’ section deals with paper has been on the Clivia website, but will various matters. Andre Wiese thanks mem­ probably also be reproduced in the bers for their sympathy and caring on the Yearbook. The Newsletter would not do jus­ death of his father, Gert Wiese, and tells us tice to the photographs. what he intends doing with his father’s clivia collection. It is also gratifying to have news This is my penultimate letter as editor of the about the Cynthia Giddy clivias. Wilma Clivia Society Newsletter. I look forward to Tindall, Cynthia’s sister is trying to find out spending more time with my clivias and not more about the origins of the collection. having to worry about meeting deadlines. Those who placed orders for mirabilis Editor.

2 I will keep it extremely short and hopefully Swanevelder and Jaco Truter, of the Clivia sweet too. Thank you so much to those who Society are co-authors of the article that have responded to our appeal to send us officially describes Clivia robusta as a new Practical Hints for Beginners and questions taxon. The article, as it appeared in that we can refer to experts. Please, it was Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, not a once-off appeal. Let us know what 2004, 146, 369 - 374, can be viewed at works for you and keep sending the ques­ www.cliviasociety.org.za. tions. Chris Vlok Three members, Keith Hammett, Dirk

Dear friends, IN MEMORIAM - A TRIBUTE TO OOM It is with great personal sadness that I have FRED GIBELLO - A TRUE FRIEND OF ALL to inform you of the passing away of a very CLIVIA ENTHUSIASTS. good Clivia friend, whom a lot of you also know, Fred Gibello. Alfredo - better known as Fred - born on 11 December 1925, passed away peacefully on Fred died this morning [17 February 2005] the morning of 17 February 2005. from leukaemia here in the C. Louis Leipoldt Hospital. He will be buried at the Dutch The Chairman, committee and members of Reform Church in Melkboschstrand on the Eastern Province Clivia Club wish to Monday at 12:30. extend their deepest sympathy to his wife Hilda, their children and grand children. May We will all remember him for his great enthu­ the Good Lord comfort and carry you siasm and dedication to the society and its cause. through these sad times. There are many plants in private collections The name, Fred Gibello is, amongst others, that bear a name tag of “Fred Gibello”, bring­ synonymous with Clivia throughout South Africa as well as some of the other countries ing great pride and joy to their owners. where there are Clivia enthusiasts. Kind regards, Johan Schoombee As far as can be ascertained, Oom Fred, a From a very windy Cape Town lover of indigenous South African Flora, became involved with Clivia some 38 years “When we are willing to share, others will ago. He derived much pleasure from sharing share in return. If we are afraid to disclose his passion of Clivia as well as his plants our imperfect selves we cannot expect oth­ with others. He was a founder member of ers to feel secure enough to do so and we the first Clivia Club established in South continue to remain strangers.” Leo Africa during 1992. Driven by his enthusi­ Buscaglia asm he appointed himself as “Agent” of the

3 Club to promote interest in Clivia and recruit a large degree to the healthy growth in members, so much so, that he was awarded membership. He was also the driving force free membership for a year for his “active behind the idea to apply for full Club status interest in the Club and bringing in valuable for the Eastern Province, which was granted support needed to continue”. during 2002. In 2003 he was awarded Honorary Life Membership of the Clivia At this stage Oom Fred also established Society for his contribution to the promotion friendly relationships with Bill Morris and of Clivia. Ken Smith of Australia and Yoshi Nakamura of Japan. Many of the plants he cultivated Oom Fred was well known for his charitable were from seed exchanged with these gen­ and open handedness and was forever hand­ tlemen, and found their way to the gardens ing out seed and plants, which included the and shade houses of other enthusiasts well-known yellow and orange Fred Gibello throughout South Africa. Wherever he and miniata, to beginners, friends and even his family settled, he managed to create a strangers. following of Clivia lovers. In 2004 he decided to relocate to Oom Fred entered the lives of the Eastern Melkbosstrand due to Hilda’s ill health. He Province enthusiasts after he moved from however, assured us that he would carry on Cape Town to Great Brak River and eventual­ with his Clivia activities and kept us informed ly to Jeffreys Bay in 1998. In 1999 he was up to his last days. involved with the inception of the Port Oom Fred was a great inspiration to all who Elizabeth Clivia Interest Group. He became knew him and I am sure that if it were pos­ Public Relations Officer of the new group sible to backtrack his footsteps, it would and went on to organize the first Clivia show surely be a path lined with beautiful Clivia. in Port Elizabeth which was a wonderful success. Through his love for Clivia, his live­ He will always be in our hearts. ly enthusiasm and excellent knowledge he Willie le Roux gladly shared with others, he contributed to Chairman, Eastern Province Clivia Club.

This is a reminder of the Photographic is a copy can be found on page 31 of the Competition. It has been decided to margin­ newsletter. ally extend the cut off date to Sunday 10th I URGE ALL WHO HAVE PHOTOS OF FLOW­ April 2005 in order to give Northern ERS TO ENTER. Hemisphere growers a better chance of including this years flowering season. This is not a competition for experts but for Clivia enthusiasts. It also helps to support For those of you who missed the entry form the production of the Yearbook with new and and rules with the initial announcement there interesting photos. Claude Felbert 4 This quarter we feature flowers in the apricot heavily pigmented, but nevertheless produce to peach range - very much the rage for the light apricot coloured flowers. past few years, with peach perhaps being Anyone wanting to read more is referred to “flavour of the month”. Harold’s book. Also, every one of the 6 How do you describe these pastel colours? Clivia Society Yearbooks issued so far has It isn’t easy. Well, you could look at the had one or more articles on peaches, apri­ ‘diverse’ colours shown on the Cape Clivia cots and other pastels, besides some truly Club Colour Chart, which many of us use to beautiful pictures which illustrate the range colour code our plants as they bloom. You of colours very well. could also look at Harold Koopowitz’s Now, something for those who are planning superb “Clivias” - an essential book for on attending the 2006 International Clivia enthusiasts. He describes apricot as “honey Conference in Pretoria: it is said that plants amber with a touch of pink. This is quite a from the ‘Cameron Peach’ strain, which are different colour from those in the paler pas­ currently being held back from the market, tel oranges found in the standard clivias.” will be released then, priced for international He says that in peach flowers the pink is buyers. Better start saving up now if you more obvious, with some yellow still in the want one! background. It is worth studying his book, and these cover pictures, to see exactly what he is driving at, for there really is a continu­ Photo no. 1 - Front cover um of shades involved, as there is with the colours of the peach varieties we eat. To me this flower is really special - a lovely colour, and it doesn’t look too ‘man-made’. As more breeding results become available To Ken Fargher, its proud breeder, it was a from around the world we will be able to lovely surprise when it first flowered. Ken understand more about the production and bought a plant from Sean Chubb at the sec­ inheritance of this type of coloration. ond Northern Clivia Club Show he attended. However, we already know that there are Although only one flower was open it was a several quite different forms of inheritance peach colour he fancied. Ken felt it would be that give rise to the pastel colours, including ideal for breeding and took it home, and the very rare pinks and mauve-toned flow­ looked through his then small collection of ers. yellows in flower. He selected the best yel­ Note that the stem colours of seedlings from low of Nakamura origin that he had bought pastel breeding can be a range of different from Geoff Meyer the previous year. As the colours. Harold points out that some have peach flowers opened one after the other, he no pigment, whilst others can be quite dark. put pollen from the yellow onto his peach. He suggests that those without pigment will This resulted in about 40 seeds, and most of probably yield pastels, but I would not dis­ the resulting seedlings flowered in 2004. card the ones with pigmented stems too Ken first came across clivias in the early easily; who knows what colour their flowers 1980s, when he helped his wife’s godmoth­ will be? After all, seedlings from a light apri­ er Joan Provis plant out clivia seeds at her cot ‘Gladys Blackbeard’ x ‘Lőtter yellow’ are Nursery (mainly azaleas) on her farm across

5 the road from the Magoebaskloof Hotel, in Terri and Sean Chubb’s article, “Natal Northern Province. The bug bit him serious­ Peaches”, in CLIVIA 3, gives a lot more use­ ly when he attended his first Show some ful information about peaches, including years later. Today he is a keen member of ‘Chubb Peach’. Interestingly, they say, “The the Johannesburg-based Metro Interest intensity of peach pigment in the offspring Group and has about 30,000 plants grown seems to vary and some seedlings flower from seed. He says he is concentrating on considerably darker than the original clone. breeding variegated yellows and peaches, Seedlings carrying green markings in the amongst other exciting things. Ken is hot on throat of the flowers seem to be the darkest keeping records to assist in his breeding, peach”. noting, for the plants he chooses to keep, source, seed accession number, descrip­ tion, flower and leaf dimensions, and photo­ Photo no. 2 - back cover graph. This is Andre Calitz’s light apricot, awarded Ken runs a computer software business first place in the ‘ Apricot - one umbel’ class and, as a hobby more than a business ven­ at the 2003 ECCC Show. It is one of two ture, has used those skills to develop “The apricot flowering plants out of a batch of 15 Clivia Store” www.clivias.co.za, selling clivia that Andre bought from Floradale Nursery in seeds and plants over the internet to buyers East London in 2001, when they were not yet from all over the world. flowering size. He has found this plant to be self-sterile, but when he used its pollen on a Coming back to the plant pictured, Ken’s ‘Vico Yellow’ about three quarters of the ‘Chubb Peach’ x yellow cross, some breed­ resulting seedlings were green-stemmed. ers are of the view that flowers with broader, What colour will they flower? He will only more overlapping petals are produced if the know in 3 or 4 years time. cross is done the other way around, i.e. by using ‘Chubb Peach’ pollen on an appropri­ I phoned Floradale Nursery and spoke to its ate Group 1 yellow with the desired flower long-time proprietor and Border Clivia characteristics. Incidentally, be warned, Interest Group member, Gerald Muller, who ‘Chubb Peach’/Group 2 yellow crosses told me this interesting story: In the early result in plants with orange flowers. 1970’s he had imported seeds from New Zealand, which originated from Santa Today we know that all seedlings from a Barbara, California. (Di Smith, Secretary of ‘Chubb Peach’/Group 1 yellow cross should the NZ Clivia Club, tells me that ‘Santa be unpigmented and that all such green­ Barbara Reds’, were probably derived from stemmed seedlings will flower peach. these American plants and are still sold in NZ However, don’t forget this: If a peach flower­ today. According to Harold Koopowitz ing plant from this breeding (‘peach split for some Californian plants can possibly be yellow’) is crossed with a Group 1 yellow, traced back to plants/seeds imported from ALL seedlings will have unpigmented stems, Germany in the early 1900s.) but only 50% will flower peach; the rest will be yellows - you will have to grow the lot Gerald’s plants turned out to be mainly through to flowering to see which is which! broad-leafed, with flower colours ranging The only clue to help you, Rudo Lőtter says, from light orange right through to darkish is that the bases of the ones that will eventu­ orange/red, some with green throats. He ally flower peach are a more olive green than planted them in the ground and moles the lighter green of the eventual yellows. destroyed some of them. His eyes opened

6 when he saw the survivors in flower so he follow up on this possible “German quickly saved them from the moles and put Connection”? them in pots. He has since, over a thirty - Importantly, it would seem that the muta­ year period, intercrossed them and their off­ tion(s) which cause apricot in the broader spring on a haphazard basis, keeping leafed Floradale plants are different to the seedlings with features that he liked and sell­ single gene mutation which has resulted in ing the rest. His aim is to have clivias in ‘Chubb Peach’, a plant found in the wild in flower throughout the year, having selected the 1950’s in KwaZulu-Natal. It is interesting clivias with a tendency to flower out of sea­ that Mick Dower has had some green­ son. stemmed seedlings when crossing the two Mick Dower, a Cape Town member of the types. Cape Clivia Club, also has one of these apri­ cots from Floradale. It is pictured in CLIVIA Photos 3 and 4 5, on page 125 and is well worth looking at. He tells me that it is genetically the most Due to pressure of time before going on hol­ interesting plant that he has. Since 2001 he iday I have not been able to follow up on has crossed it with, amongst others, ‘Chubb these plants to tell you more about them. Peach’, Lőtter Peach’, ‘Gladys Blackbeard’ Photo no 3 is a good example of the wide light apricot, ‘Kirstenbosch Yellow’, and a range of colours appearing these days. To ‘Vico Yellow’ (meristem), obtaining varying me, judging only by the photo, the front proportions of seedlings with unpigmented flower fits in the peach category, though stems. All seedlings from a cross with a clearly it is a different peach to that shown in yellow that was not a Group 1 Yellow like photo 1. It probably breeds differently too. ‘Kirstenbosch Yellow’ and ‘Vico Yellow’ have What colour would you call the flower at the pigmented stems. Mick, who keeps very back of the picture? good records, but who emphasizes that some of his samples are too small to draw Note how the owner has tagged each of the conclusions based on the actual proportions crosses that he has made to his two seed of seedling stem colours, should get his first parents. It would have been nice to know flowering results from 2006 onwards. We what they were? await them with interest. I doubt whether many people would get too I wonder whether these plants are not close­ excited about the shapes of the flowers in ly related to some of the peach and apricot photo 4, but I am sure we agree that the plants being bred in California by people like colours are very special, and probably do Jim Comstock, Dave Conway and Victor not crop up too often. The combination of Murillo, which may also have Santa Barbara the lighter and darker colours is most attrac­ and German plants in the background? And tive. Note also the “keels” that are visible on what about similar colours cropping up in two of the petals of the flower at “six o Australia, grown from seed imported from clock” in the photo. Schenkel in Germany? Maybe someone can John van der Linde

7 The late Gert Wiese - acknowledgement Natal, South Africa, where I shall plant 83 Clivias back in their natural environment - Dear Clivia friends one for each year of his wonderful life. Thank you so much for the phone calls, flow­ Should you one day come across a patch of ers, e-mails, cards and personal visits to my yellow and orange Clivias blooming profuse­ mother over the past week. Thanks also for ly in the bush somewhere in KZN, it is possi­ the wonderful turnout at the church service ble you will have found Gert Wiese’s last on a sweltering Friday afternoon. resting place and private “Circle of Friends”. Many people are asking me what will now Kind regards, become of my father’s Clivia collection? Andre Wiese (eldest son) Nothing definite has been decided, but vari­ ous members of the family will be keeping Clivia search some of the best plants, mainly for sentimen­ tal reasons - and the rest will have to be sold Cynthia Giddy was my sister. I am aware as no-one in the family has the time or the that her name causes different reactions in space to accommodate the 2700 large different people, but I believe that through plants and 2400 seedlings (approximate distribution of her original yellow (where DID count). I shall be sorting out as much as I it come from?), she is an integral part of the can over the next week or so, and it is pos­ “great yellow clivia puzzle”, to quote Brain sible that a small “auction” might be held in Tarr. - or has it become a controversy? I am a fortnight’s time, possibly on the Internet or not in any way suggesting that she is the only on site in Durbanville. Your thoughts on this one that contributed to the yellow develop­ would be welcomed. ments. I do not wish to stir up too much controver­ Cynthia left very few written notes about her sy with this next statement, but I wish to collection and not many of the plants were caution all gardeners. From what I have read labeled. I believe she had good reasons for on the Internet, I have reason to suspect that this. We have little information about exact­ the cause of my father’s lymphoma could be ly what is what and where plants came from. attributed to excessive (and unnecessary?) While she was alive, I was not as interested exposure to chemical fertilizers and pesti­ in Clivia as I am now (and also quite scorn­ cides. Please be very careful with the chem­ ful of hybrids then) so we didn’t discuss icals you use in your garden or nursery! these or the origins of her plants. Now we (This might be an interesting field of study are trying to gather as much information as for an aspiring young biologist, botanist or possible so that we can document the collec­ medical researcher.) tion and its history. Once again, thanks from the family - as I Since her death in 1998, Caitlin, one of her mentioned on Friday after the church serv­ daughters, and I have been tending her col­ ice, the Clivia “Circle of Friendship” meant a lection of clivia - Caitlin in the Eastern Cape great deal to Gert Wiese. It will be my aim to and I in the Western Cape (mostly from return his ashes to the farm from which he seed/seedlings). Caitlin has kept the collec­ obtained his first yellow Clivia in KwaZulu- tion of mother plants intact in spite of many

8 requests for plants or suggestions to relo­ the same or different? The pictures cate the collection. There have been ups and are confusing. Compare Yearbook 2 downs with mole rats and monkeys and Page 10 with Graham Duncan’s drought and disease and friendly visitors and “Growing clivia” page 20. My own chancers. “original” yellow is different from a ‘Cynthia Giddy yellow’ recently given At the time of her death her collection includ­ me by Fred van Niekerk. (Fred has ed: been so helpful and generous - many ● Some 300 or more plants, not only yel­ thanks!) lows, but wonderful broadleaf orange ● Did she really only send a yellow to hybrids and variegated leaves etc., Kirstenbosch in 1984? (She also probably all from Yoshikazu Nakamura donated one of the first Veltheimia, ● At least 3 or 4 yellow strains (Northern ‘Lemon Flame’, to them by the way.) branch newsletter Vol. 7 No. 3) - from She grew and sold yellows as early as the Saunders clone?, from a Bainsfield 1978 (Jim Holmes Yearbook 3 p.68). (?) find; there is reference to an USA ● When did she sell that yellow to Mrs. strain and a possible Vico plant. There Holls? (Newsletter 2001 Vol. 10 No 1 certainly are at least 4 strains amongst P 11). the mother plants. ● When did she first link up with ● At least 2 yellow hybrids she bred her­ Nakamura? How did this happen? self (I think) - ‘Cynthia’s Best’ which ● Did she supply/know Dr. Hirao? shows the typical lime coloration but ● Where was she going with her own has laxer umbels/individual flowers breeding programme? (now marketed by Showers of Flowers ● What is the parentage and history of - Spring 2004 catalogue - from a dif­ ‘Cynthia’s Best’? ferent source) and a ‘Best X Vico’ ● Where and when did she get her cross which is a lovely butter yellow Cyrthanthiflora? with a rounded head. ● From whom did she get her American yellow’ strain? For us the most pressing issue is about ● Did she get a yellow from Australia? which yellow is which and where they came ● She acknowledges help from some one from. I have had some ‘Giddy yellows’ (or in Australia about getting 100% yellow are they ‘Natal yellows’?) in my possession seedlings. Who was her Australian for years - we always thought of them as “mentor” referred to in an article by family heirlooms! We know she sent most of Kristo Pienaar? her yellow seed and offshoots to Yoshikazu ● What was the date of that Pienaar arti­ Nakamura in Japan in the early days. As Dr. cle? What was it in response to? Rourke has suggested (Yearbook 3 p.3) the ● What of her contacts with Marne and ‘Giddy Yellows’ live on in breeders’ collec­ Jill Hulme, Joyce De Villiers and the tions both here in South Africa and around Van Rooyen family from somewhere in the world. Northern Natal? Other questions that intrigue: ● Did she have any contact with the Schofield family from near Richmond, ● When/where DID she get her first Natal. They were horticulturalists and clivia? Ted and Cynthia moved to Natal plant people and may know some small in 1963 or thereabouts. detail. ● Are ‘Giddy yellow’ and ‘Natal yellow’ I have scoured the Newsletters and 9 Yearbooks and have had contact with a few website, he immediately recognized the wonderful people who have provided useful plant. Afterwards he posted me a letter in additional information. I believe there is which he wrote: more information “out there” that would be “This plant is mainly used for medicinal pur­ helpful. I would be most grateful if those poses, both for human beings and animals with answers to some of the questions or (especially domestic animals). interesting snippets would contact me by phone or email. Animals Greetings Wilma Tindall 1 Clivia nobilis stimulates levels of appetite. +27 21 6838305 (AH) 021 671 1519 2 It helps in cases where the animal has Email: [email protected] rejected its young one. When the mixture from the plant is given to the problematic animal, bonding takes place. Clivia mirabilis seedlings John Winter has asked me to explain to you Human beings all that handling a big seedling order does The mixture is used for washing because it not fall within the usual Kirstenbosch activi­ is used as a herb for complexion- especially ty and must be dealt with subject to staff among the blacks.” availability. Orders have been received from 425 persons for 1356 seedlings. Chris Vlok, Pretoria. Kirstenbosch is permitted to sell 1200 seedlings but John is not satisfied that there are that number that are big enough to sell. A beginner’s perspective Consequently he has decided that all orders Many a beginner has been faced with the will be met, but subject to a maximum of 3 question - “Where to from here?” per person. That maximum applies to the You get interested in Clivia, and join a club or individuals in group orders. Society. You get yourself some of the avail­ Different circumstances apply to most indi­ able literature, and you’re on your way. Not viduals which requires that an individual let­ so easy I’m afraid. A year or two down the ter must be prepared for everyone explain­ line you have all these wonderful plants you ing the allocation and what payment must be bought in the beginning, and you realize that made. These are now being prepared and they’re not at all what you initially thought hopefully will go out together within the next they would be. So off to the garden they go, couple of weeks. and you need to almost start from scratch ... two years down the line. Mick Dower, Cape Town. It happens, but fortunately it’s not the end of the world. I was very fortunate to have one Traditional uses of Clivia nobilis of the most wonderful mentors anyone could Recently one of my students from Elliotdale ever wish for, my beloved friend and “Clivia- in the Eastern Cape visited me in Pretoria. I dad”, the late Oom Ammie Grobler. He sort­ asked Mr. N Yuke whether he knew Clivia ed me out very quickly, and pointed me in nobilis. At first he did not know what I was the right direction. I wanted mature plants talking about. However, after I showed him that could flower for me, and I bought quite a the nobilis pictures on the Clivia Society

10 few, even from him. He allowed me to make while in the end. Buy lots of seedlings. And my own mistakes in the beginning. rather than buying plants at bargain prices that might not be up to standard (sometimes Then one day he confronted me with the a very special plant can be bought at a bar­ naked reality. His advice was to buy lots of gain price), buy less plants at higher prices seed from very good plants. My argument that you know is going to fit in with your idea was that it would take me 4 years to see the of what you want to achieve in your breeding first flowers. His reply was that this was program. indeed so, but if I did that every year, I would have new flowers every year after that first I am honoured to have had the opportunity year. And this changed my outlook com­ to be taught by a master teacher, and I share pletely about collecting plants and to choose with you his vision, knowing that his legacy those which would be worthwhile. will be with us for many years to come. I sincerely hope that the above advice will I now buy about 300-700 seeds a year, and bring you closer to your objectives as a another 50-100 seedlings from very special beginner, and that all beginners will grow plants. I’ve decided to build up my collection with their collections, and in future become of mature plants very slowly, although it will masters in their own right. rapidly increase when I have my own first flowerings next year. I’m buying very selec­ Cobus Roos, Pretoria, South Africa tively when I buy mature plants now, and concentrate mostly on suckers/offsets of such plants. Last laugh This is my advice to all beginners. Buy lots How about the term CUVIATUS NEUROSIS to of seed from different breeders. I know describe the sickness we all seem to suffer exactly the frustration of waiting for them to from? flower, but I assure you that it will be worth­ Andy Falk, Cape Clivia Club.

MUSINGS I have been contemplating clivias now for a while - I’m one of Lily Borer’s typical past- 1 Musing 1 - The Sick Clivial fifty males2 gone a little dotty in the pres­ O Clivia, thou art sick! ence of the allure of this plant. The invisible worm My attentions have been briefly diverted by That flies in the night, an infestation of the dreaded amaryllis worm In the moonlit balm, which has devastated a stand of crinum (C. bulbispermum). I’d collected a good crop of Has found out thy bed its seed, the plant having flowered particu­ Of verdant joy: larly well this season. Its first seedlings from And his dark secret love the first set I sowed back in 1998 also pro­ Does thy life destroy. duced their own first flowers and seeds as (With apologies to William Blake, 1757- well. I, as a matter of course and habit, put 1827) down these seeds around the bed to germi- 11 nate and grow, so there are a number of My observation of the devastated crinum is generations of seedlings about. Up until now that those plants that flowered most prolifi- I’d taken their pollination and germination for cally are the most infested, and that the granted - these just being the things that infestation is in a circle of diminishing inten­ plants do. After my session with the moth at sity around these plants. the clivias3 and having recently read an arti­ There are three possible explanations. cle on moth pollination in a back issue of Veld & Flora4 I have started to wonder a lit­ ● This is all coincidental. tle more deeply (and darkly) on matters of ● The attractive aspects - perfume and plant reproduction. lightness of blooms attracts moths, both pollinators and terminators. Having the moth in mind, I let a large clump ● The pollinator is the terminator, namely of potted clivias bloom without hand pollina­ one lily borer in its Blakean “invisible tion. These I’d inherited after my sister’s worm” stage, namely as moth. move from a house where she had in turn inherited them from their previous owner, I do not know enough about the habits and which makes them at least forty years old. lifecycle of both species5, but it would They were still in the same fibre cement pot, appear that there is enough time between although I have, once only, replaced the blooming and setting of seed for the plant to grow-mix. They are now under net after the complete its reproductive cycle before the frost devastation of 2003, and I’m pleased to cycle of the parasitic caterpillar reaches a add, thriving. They are now known as the devastating phase. This would all make per­ Jolly Clumpers’. Only two peduncles out of fect evolutionary sense. twenty-one have produced three fruit, one and two respectively. The nineteen others It does not, however, suit our aesthetic sen­ are barren. When this plant stood in the sibilities. Hence we resort to Malathion or open it produced fruit regularly and it was tobacco dust. Or, perhaps, Margaret the only bloomer about, so these must have Roberts. been selfed. Also, prior to their move, they Roger Fisher have been subject to lily borer infestations. There has been none this year. I deduce that the net keeps the pollinators and terminators 1 A parody on ‘The Sick Rose’ in ‘Songs of at bay. Experience’ in Bronowski, J. 1973. William Blake. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. I explain the fruit that has set as follows - the p48. one lot are of the blooms eaten by snails. 2 Borer, Lily. 2004. On the compost heap. Clivia These I discovered early one morning on that Society Newsletter. Vol. 13 No. 4 (Summer) particular umbel and removed and crushed p32. them before their work was done. The other 3 Fisher, Roger. 2004. Pollination by moths?. is on an umbel next to where I brush past the Clivia Society Newsletter Vol. 13 No. 2 plant. Therefore the snail and I are in all like­ (Winter) pp18-19. lihood the pollinators, both unintentionally 4 Johnson, S & Botha, M. 2002. The nightlife of so. But realising that the destructive action Maputaland. Encounters with hawkmoths and of the snail is also the agency of pollination their long-tubed flowers. Veld & Flora. June, has led me to consider the lily borer. pp. 52-53. Is the terminator also the pollinator? 5 Although I’ve attempted to find something on Brithys pancratii in the array of specialist and

12 reference literature at my disposal. I did how­ pillar) is a species that was introduced to ever find that of the family Noctuidae there are South Africa and it is unlikely that it is the feeding habits that are quite remarkable - natural pollinator. As clivia pollen is very dry tears of zebras and the fresh blood of tapirs and light pollination was most likely amongst other things. achieved from pollen spores in the air or transported by other vectors. Brithys pancratii (alias the Amaryllis cater­ Editor.

A Wysneus (Wise guy), Cape Clivia 3. How often do you water? This is a ques­ tion recently asked by a puzzled grower, Club an experienced class winner at a show. There is no answer to this. It depends on Watering: your own situation - your macro and micro climate, the relative humidity in 1. It is well known that Clivia should not be your green house, the surface on which over watered. But Clivia can also suffer your pots stand, your growing mix, the from under watering. Roots become des­ size of your pots, the size of the holes in iccated and will be slow to regenerate. your pots, etc, etc. Take the practical Leaves become a dull greyish or yellowish hands-on approach. Identify a few plants, green. If a pot has become bone dry, from large ones to seedlings that you almost all water will simply run through need to repot. Water them as you normal­ the mix or down the insides of the pot. So ly would. Then stagger your repotting regular small quantities of water should over the next two weeks, carefully noting be given rather than ‘droughts’ and the dampness of your growing mix. 'floods'. At least twice a year, the pots Obviously do this at least twice, at the should be flushed with lots of water to get wettest and driest time of the year. If you rid of unused chemicals. significantly change anything in your growing situation (as mentioned above) 2. Before and after your pots have been in an you will have to do the experiment again. extremely dry condition, from being on a display veranda, inside your house or 4. Watering should be done at a time that the simply from neglect, the whole pot can be plant has the opportunity of drying out at dunked under water up to 1 cm. below the the surface of the leaves and the stem - in pot rim. I find an old baby bath to be very my experience mostly on a dry day before useful. Keep this in for about 20 minutes. midday. If your leaves are dusty, from You will be amazed by the quantity of accumulated dirt, pollen and previous water absorbed. Let the pot drain at a sprays, wait for a really dry, windy day slight angle for at least 1 hour before put­ and use a really strong but thin spray. ting it on a saucer for display. Now you can leave it for at least 2 to 3 weeks. 5. If you have the time and energy, leaves

13 can be cleaned, first with water to which a a handful of charcoal and ash (from the few drops of dishwashing liquid has been braai fire). added and then with a 50% milk solution. Use two small cloths, one above and the Spraying: other below, firmly held between the thumb and forefinger and pull gently out­ 10. Whenever spraying your plants, even if wards towards the tip of the leaf. just on the soil, use a spreader - sticker, Surprisingly, milk on a plant seems to such as Nu-film P7. It is a fallacy to use have an antibacterial effect. Ignore the soap or dishwashing liquid. These may strong cheesy smell. It will disappear in a be spreaders, but they are certainly not day or two. stickers, and are designed to be rinsed off immediately. Feeding: Lighting: 6. What and how often should I feed? Feeding has an interaction with the water­ 11. How much light should my Clivia get? ing. Ideally we should measure and Again, no answer. 50 to 80% shade from analyse the inputs and outputs of our sys­ above and 20 to 50% from the sides tems and adjusting the dosages. But this seems to be the norm. Watch your can only be done in a few computerised plants. If you are feeding and watering closed systems, like the large orchid well, but the leaves seem narrow and light growers or the commercial Clivia grow­ green, they are probably getting too ers. The rest of us just have to guess and much light. If your leaves are a very dark hope. green, they probably get too little light and they will not flower well. 7. The plants need different substances at different times of the year: Medium 12. Clivia dislike direct sun, but can tolerate Nitrogen (N) all year round; medium some early morning sunlight. However, Phosphates (P) when the roots are grow­ most sun damage is done when the leaf is ing or need to be stimulated; high hit with a direct shaft of light at a right Potassium (K) when the flowers and angle to the surface (therefore often on stems form and grow. You must observe the bend of the leaf). The worst is when when this occurs in your situation. the plant and the environment are very Calcium (Ca) and other trace elements dry. Also, if a Clivia is moved from a dark must be present all year round. Calcium to a very light or sunny area, damage can Nitrate can be used once a year and a bal­ occur within the first day. Be careful of anced hydroponics mix can be used. sun damage, the lesions very often occur on the younger, more sensitive leaves, 8. An organic, slow release fertiliser, such disfiguring the plant for a very long time. as Bounce Back or a little well aged, dry horse manure can be used twice a year. 13. Forget the exotic names and complicat­ ed formula used for light in scientific liter­ 9. In my experience most bark mixes are too ature. Use the simple formulations as acid for Clivia, especially seedlings. stipulated in the environmental and facili­ Again, either measure and monitor it ties regulations under the Occupational accurately, or guess and hope. To a mix I Health and Safety Act. The unit is lux and regularly add some Dolomitic Lime and/or as a reference, an office building should

14 be between about 400 to 1000 lux. much in my own nappies as far as clivias are Outside in the sun, the intensity is up to concerned but - for better or worse - here it about 30,000 lux. Don’t depend on your goes (with reasons): eyes to measure light - the iris opens and 1 I take the plant out of whatever medium it closes as needed. Use a proper light is in and discard its original growth medi­ meter or borrow one from your cricket um. umpire friend. The measurements on Why? To get rid of parasites, pathogens, your old-fashioned photographic light earthworms (these turn any coarse medi­ meter can be converted, but it is a tedious um into a fine clayey mix - good for gar­ and confusing calculation. deners, bad for cliviators). Pollination and seeds 2 I shake out as much of the potting medi­ um with as little as possible disturbance 14. There are many more seeds around than to the roots and then wash the roots out we could possibly grow to maturity. under a spray nozzle while disentangling Every year the older plants again produce the roots, taking as much care as possi­ seeds, while the younger ones and shoots ble not to cause damage. also come on line. We should all be very 3 I soak the plant in a mild soapy mix (I use selective in which plants we pollinate and sunlight liquid but am beginning to wonder allow to set seeds. If you enjoyed the about something like Sannex antibacteri­ flower, but do not want seed, cut off the al). head just below the top. Leave the stalk to 4 While the plant is soaking I prepare the age and whither naturally. pot. I cut off all ridges on the bottom and extend the holes round from the bottom 15. If you do decide to pollinate, use the to the sides if the pot does not already pollen immediately after the anthers have have them. opened. Usually the stigma matures after Why? Clivias need the water to run clear the anthers, so pollinate from most through and not perch. Most pots are recently opened to a somewhat older designed for water-needy plants. Clivias flower. are, in effect, succulents. Pots must be placed on and in direct contact with a 16. Cover the stigma (which should be solid base so that water is drawn clear somewhat sticky when mature) com­ through the potting medium through cap­ pletely with pollen. A medicinal capsule illary action, so preventing perching of could be used to catch the pollen and then the water in the growth medium. inserted over the whole stigma. A gentle shake will allow much more pollen to 5 I prepare an empty plastic soft drink bot­ tle - 2I for a 250ml pot, a 11 for anything stick than a finger or brush would. Doing smaller up to 200ml - by cutting off the this several times over a week, will prob­ ably reward you with beautiful, large tips of the base ridges colourful berries - after all Clivia is known Why? To allow for aeration through the as the 4 season plant. medium To prevent flotation, the reason for which B How I pot up my clivias - Roger will become apparent as you read further. Fisher, Northern Clivia Club The inverted bottom end of the bottle becomes the central support for the plant This is probably audacious since I’m pretty Why? There are several reasons:

15 It allows you to only use one hand and not should therefore be finer at the growth three tips, while the top where the older roots It removes from the centre of the plant are, are aerated for respiration. that wet core that does not drain. It makes sure the mix is in contact with It keeps the medium at the place where the roots and there are no voids left the roots feed, that is the outer surface of It flushes out the fines in the mix as the the pot pot is lifted from its bath. So reducing the amount of potting medi­ The organic booster has micro-growth um required stimulants. Thus reducing the amount of watering needed for the plant 7 I use a removable label so that the label Hence optimising the use of growth addi­ can follow the plant as it is potted on (hence do not write on the pot). tives It keeps the roots at the height of the top 8 I drain the pot on a sieve over the bucket level of the growth medium used as bath It keeps the roots from cross-matting Why? Because I’ve Scottish blood and It provides a support for the plant to stop the liquid can do a fair number of plants! it dropping back into the pot as the medi­ Does it work? um composts or washes out, hence stop­ ping the base of the plant from becoming I’ve already had to pot on plants recently buried acquired because of vigorous growth, which It stimulates vegetative reproduction by was a simple task because they lifted easily way of stolon formation by providing a and cleanly from their pots and could be hard base which acts as stimulant to moved as is into the next size pot, support meristematic tissue and all. My Coromandel selecta now look It lightens the mass of the pot (which for like Coromandel robusta! ageing arthritic hands is a bonus, partic­ ularly when plants need to be marched in C Felicity Weedon, Cape Clivia and out of doors between summer and winter!) Club 6 I soak the plant in a pre-prepared condy’s Seedling containers crystal - enough to just still see the bot­ I am short of space for growing seedlings - tom of the container - and Hadeco aren’t we all? The solution I have come up Margaret Roberts Growth Booster mix, with is to plant the seedlings, after germina­ up to the rim of the pot for approximately tion, in 5 litre ice cream tubs, and then cover 30 min. with old plastic crates (used for bottle deliv­ Why? eries). The seedling box/crates receive half­ Condy’s crystals act as an antibiotic and day sun, some get morning sun and some also provide the potassium for flower, afternoon sun. Apparently they are getting stem and seed formation. sufficient shade as there is no sunburn and It drives out or drowns any earthworms - the leaves are all dark green and glossy. pity, but there it is! It grades the mix from coarse on top to less coarse beneath - root hairs are at the Reducing drip areas in the shade house tips of the roots and need the most inti­ I am presently making changes to the con­ mate contact with the medium, which struction of my shade house. It is construct- 16 ed of 90% shade net, poles and wire and has nal LOB plants did have long narrow leaves. a flat roof. Result - lots of drip areas as the So I presume somewhere along the line an shade net is too heavy for the support. original LOB was used in its breeding. So, the roof has been raised by 1 meter down the center and already the benefits are D Tom Whitehorn - EP.C.C. apparent. The drip areas have drastically reduced (we have just had a nice 23 mm Drainage slots rain) and the green house is much, much I have found the advice regarding extra cooler. This could of course mean that I will drainage slots on page 15 of Newsletter vol have late blooming plants this spring. We 13 no 4 summer 2004 to be very helpful. I will see! have however found a masonry disk CS 24T 1 It is my intention to put a solid roof over the - Superflex - 115 6,4x22.2 (4 /2” ¼" whole shade house to completely cut out any ⅛”) that is now available, that does an natural water supply and control all irrigation. excellent job instead of using two discs to make the slots it does a fine job when using the 6,4 mm disc. I also found that three Clivia mix slots on all the available plastic pots (except the small ones) works very well. I have been potting up clivias lately and have been amused at how different people use I have found a difference in the smoothness different mixes which they absolutely swear of the cut, depending on where you start by. My mixture is a little different and goes your cut. I prefer to start the cut on the side like this: of the pot with the angle grinder rotating towards the side whilst the pot is kept upside ● Approx. 70% medium to coarse bark - down. The best results are obtained when also sold as mulch. If bark is short, you keep the distance that the disk moves crushed fruit pips suffice. into the plastic equal on the side as well as ● Some horse compost. the inside of the base of the pot. ● NO SAND - as I always have trouble with rot if using it - and I have tried a few different kinds of sand. D John Ingram in L.A., CA. (Clivia Bone meal and Bounce Back and sometimes Enthusiast E-mail Group) 3.2.1 I have always cleaned the seed when they are still fresh and moist. But I got a little Variegation behind this year on a few piles and they dried out a little. Why didn’t someone tell me/us I have been inspecting my variegated plants that they are much easier to clean after they and have one that I find rather interesting. It have sat a week? They are not nearly as was selected as a random seedling for varie­ slimy and all the seed coat comes off nearly gation. Now three years down the line, it is completely in one pull. Had I known this, I displaying very definite ‘Light of Buddha’ wouldn’t have been so anxious to get the characteristics, although the leaves are quite seeds all cleaned at once. Well, I guess we long and narrow. all live and learn. This surprised me until I learnt that the origi­

17 What is an oleum mixture? - Dickie Take note that some of our Judges do not Gunston, Cape Clivia Club fancy very glossy leaves and will penalize such a plant. Congratulations to the instigator of “HINTS FOR BEGINNERS Doc 4.” and all those who Best Clivia regards contributed so constructively. I am sure we the beginners will be afforded the privilege to Mitch Rundle submit a question or two. Tom Whitehorn, Eastern Cape Clivia Club Mitch Rundle - EASTERN PROVINCE “All leaves shine as though they have just been I am extremely happy to hear that our wiped with “Oleum Mixture”. Could you newsletters will in future cater for a Q & A kindly define the “Oleum Mixture”? Is it section. For my benefit as well as all other something that can be used on the leaves of beginners I will appreciate some clarity on the plant prior to “SHOWING”? To give them the following: that lovely shine? Please Tell. Clivia Regards, Question 1 Dickie, Southern Peninsula, Cape of Good Some growers are inclined to refer to Tulip, Hope. R.S.A. Iris, and Posy, etc. shapes when discussing Temp. 25 degrees Celsius...... the form of some Clivia flowers. This is con­ And the Lobster season in full swing. fusing, as I cannot find any illustrations to explain these shapes. Response Response Oleum is a pasty insecticide used with great success to eliminate Mealy Bug. It leaves a A small section of what appears in the Guide glossy (oily) film when sprayed on the to the Classification & Exhibition of Clivia leaves thus preventing the insect from grip­ (Draft 2004-08-09), by Roger Dixon & Keith ping the leaves and inserting its suckers Hammett has been inserted here. The into the leaf. entire section on flower shapes can be viewed at Oleum is mixed at the ratio 10 ml to a litre http://www.cliviasociety.org/clivia_guide_ of water for spraying for Mealy Bug. This is main.php#Classification. The club repre­ a lot weaker than recommended by the sentatives serving on the Standards and manufacturer. It can also be used in groom­ Judging Committee have copies of the ing the Clivia leaves prior to being displayed entire document. at a show. A still weaker solution is used at a ratio of 5ml to a litre of water when wash­ Chris Vlok ing or polishing the leaves using a soft cloth or soft brush. If the mixture is too strong Flower Form then the leaves will have a heavy shine and there is a good possibility of the pores Flower form is determined by the width and being blocked and suffocating the plant presentation of the tepals to the viewer. In causing it’s departure to the Shade House order to quantify the basic forms the angle of in the Sky. flexure of the distal portion of the tepals in relation to the axis is used 18 Question 2 The Ella Van Zijl saga - are the markings on the leaves and flowers a virus or not? From a judge’s point of view, will such a plant be disqualified should it be displayed on a show? (I can recall Willie Le Roux asking this question some time ago but never received any reply). I have recently received a few Ella Van Zijl seeds but understand that the chances are very slim that any of these will Figure 1: Angle of divergence of tepals from ever look like the mother plant. throat in clivia flowers and the terminology. A reflexed tepal is recurved. Responses I am at the disadvantage of not having seen either flowers or leaves of Ella Van Zijl in the flesh. I am however, familiar with virus symptoms linked to specific virus particles in Clivia. It is important that we [Clivia enthusiasts] do all we can to encourage the maintenance of symptomless and hopefully virus free stocks of all plants in cultivation. I work on the basis of “If in doubt - Throw it out". My personal feeling is that Clubs and Societies should certainly not encourage the exhibition of plants thought to be infect­ ed with a virus. In the USA in the middle of last century lev­ Figure 2: Section through idealised clivia els of virus infection in Dahlias became very flowers showing the divergence from the high. To counter this, blooms were required throat. to be exhibited with leaves so that judges might determine the health of the plant. Any Definitions plant showing symptoms was eliminated from competition and for a period things A. Tubular Flowers. Tepals are essentially improved. Over time the reason for having parallel with a maximum divergence of leaves on blooms was forgotten and today 5°. they are judged as part of the overall aes­ B. Conical. Tepals are essentially straight thetic appeal of an exhibit. On a recent visit with an angle of divergence of 5° - 15° to the USA I was disappointed to note very C. Flared. Tepals are mainly straight with an high levels of obvious virus infection in exhi­ angle of divergence of 15° - 45°. bition Dahlias. D. Incurved (Tulip). Tepals orientated as in flared but tips curve inward. Because currently the vast majority of E. Open. Angle of flexure from throat 45° - Clivias are raised from seed and in general 90°. plant viruses are not seed transmitted, virus F Reflexed. Tepal flexure from throat is infection in Clivia appears to be at a very low greater than 90° level. However, as clones become more 19 common and more widespread we will need are rare. For more information read to be vigilant. Koopowitz’s book and articles in the Clivia Society’s yearbooks. Keith Hammett, Auckland. Roger Dixon, Pretoria I have a Ella van Zjl and can only say what a beaut - but then again I agree with Keith. According to paragraph 1.9 of the Show Question 4 Rules and Standards of the Northern Clivia Some while ago our gardener told us that if Club in Pretoria “plants entered for show we cover the berries of a Clivia with soil purposes must be of good quality, healthy, whilst still on the stem it will germinate and preferably undamaged and well groomed. It produce seedlings. We didn’t believe him remains the judge’s discretion to disqualify but great was our surprise when we heard a plant on aesthetic grounds”, and 1.10 Keith Kirsten saying the same thing on a TV “Plants showing signs of present disease or programme. How and when is it done? insect infestation may not be showed”. Verdict - I will not allow an Ella van Zijl or any other plant showing signs of virus infection Response on our benches. Clivia seeds will germinate inside the berry Koos Geldenhuys, Pretoria (Judge) if you leave it on the stem too long. However, the rootlet will wither and the food in the seed will be wasted if it is not put into Question 3 soil or a growing medium soon. Yes, Keith The expression “pigmented seed” or “seed Kirsten (and your gardener) is right; putting pigment” sometimes referred to in publica­ the whole berry or even the cluster under­ tions is mind-boggling and I have no clue ground will have some seeds germinate. what they are referring to. I cannot find any­ But why would one want to do that? They thing where this has been properly described would be crowded, the skin of the seed may or discussed. become mouldy and some seeds would be in the air. In nature, or in the garden, the rate of germination and survival is very low. Response Please note, however, the skin and fruit of What is seed pigment? There are a the berry seems to contain a germination number of words relating to Clivia retardant. If you are unable to use your seed which are incorrectly used. The seeds immediately, leave them on the plant fruit of a Clivia is a berry. This berry in the berry. They will last for many more can be different colours, depending on months, much better than storage in a the genetics of the plant. A yellow­ refrigerator or cleaned and stored. I have flowering C. miniata usually has a just harvested viable seeds which could or green berry; a dark red flowering C. should have been planted 6 months ago. miniata can have an almost purplish red berry. Within the berry are the Wysneus/Wise guy, Western Cape. seeds, which are usually a glassy translucent off-white colour. In C. I wish to encourage other beginners to also nobilis the outer covering of the seed air their questions via the newsletters as it is usually pigmented and red in colour. can benefit all of us. All other Clivia have an uncoloured Thank you seed covering, although some C. mini­ ata have been seen to have pigment­ Tom Whitehorn ed seed coverings as well, but these Tel: 046 - 6224573 20 Proposed Show Dates

Date Club/lnterest Group Venue Contact person Contact detail

4 June KwaZulu-Natal Kloof Baptist Church, Val Thurston 031-7635736 Gardenii show Abelia Road, Kloof Ken Rosling 031-7663952

20 Aug 2005 Waterberg Boslelie Mokopane Mall, Ernst Ferreira 015 491 6013 Interest Group Mokopane, (Potgietersrus) 25 - 28 Augustus Zoutpansberg Interest Dutch Reformed Zanette Wessels 084 5700 347 Group Church, 015-5177108 Soutpansberg, Louis Trichardt

27 Aug. 2005 Waterberg Boslelie Susan Strydom An Jacobs 014 717 3674 Interest Group School Hall, Modimolle, (Nylstroom) 3 -4 September 2005 Northern Clivia Club Safari Garden Centre, Christo Topham 082-4975879 Pretoria

10th and 11 Metro Clivia Garden World Braam Opperman 011 476-2586 September Nursery on Beyers Adri Haxton 011 802-7985 Naude Drive in Muldersdrift.

10/11 September KwaZulu-Natal Royal Show Grounds, Val Thurston 031-7635736 Pietermaritzburg Sean Chubb 031-7811978

10 and 11 September Lowveld Clivia To be confirmed Jeanette de Witt 084 512 6898 Interest Group

17 September Northern KwaZulu- New Tech, Newcastle Hottie Human 034-3181327 Natal Dries Olivier 034-3182586

24 and 25 September Eastern Province To be confirmed Andre Calitz 082 574 9058 Clivia Club Gideon Botha 083 463 5416 24 September Free State Clivia Club Bloemfontein Primary Hennie vd Mescht 083 5119519 School

1 and 2 October Garden Route Clivia Outeniqua Primary Gerrie Britz 044-8028420 Club School, Corner of Cathedral and Mead Streets, George 21 We have pleasure in sending you this update international auction on the 9th, with some of on the International 2006 Clivia Conference the rarest clivias in the world on offer. and Show, a five-week programme saturated See natural habitats of all six species of with clivia activity. Delegates will be able to clivia, in some of the most scenic parts of “mix and match” their dates and activities. It the country - the eastern escarpment, the will be an ideal opportunity to: eastern seaboard and the floral wealth of the Listen to, and interact with, an international W Cape and Namaqualand. For an indication panel of speakers and a large number of del­ of the vistas that will be opened for you, egates. The highlight of the five weeks will share in a 2001 virtual tour by visiting be the 4th quadrennial conference held in http://www.concentric.net/~ellipsis/Clivia/ South Africa, in Pretoria on September 6 & 7, Visit other S African attractions such as with a conference dinner on the 6th. game parks with the ‘Big Five’ top of the list, See prize clivias in all their forms, exhibited the ‘Cradle of Mankind’ with hominid fossils at twelve shows spread over five weekends. dating back 3.3 million years, and many oth­ The date of each show is determined by the ers. interest group concerned, based on their Most importantly, meet new (and old) clivia estimate of peak flowering time - seven have friends from around the world. These friend­ already been set and are given in the schematic. The Pretoria show will include an ships cemented at the conference will be a legacy for many years. By a happy coincidence, IBSA, the Indigenous Bulb Association of SA, will be holding a symposium and tours in the W Cape from Aug 28 to Sep 1, immedi­ ately preceding the first clivia tour. Clivia/Bulb enthusiasts should not miss this twin opportunity. The 2006 organizing com­ mittee will be offering guidance on all aspects, including travel, tours and accommodation, and costs will be given later.

22 September 2006 International Clivia Conference and Shows - Provisional Program

Date Option 1 | Option 2 | Option 3 Mon 28 Aug to Fri 1 Sep Bulb Society conference in Cape Town and Western Cape tours Sat 2 Western Cape Tour: Northern Kwa-Zulu-Natal Show Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens, in Newcastle Western Cape flower show, and via Clanwilliam to view C mirabilis* at Oorlogskloof (Northern Cape) Sun 3 One and two-day trips Mon 4 around Gauteng Tue 5 • Pretoria; 17:00-18:00 early conference registration • 18:00 Informal social function Wed 6 • 8:00 Conference registration • Day 1 of conference • Conference dinner Thu 7 Day 2 of conference Fri 8 Gauteng day trips - Soweto, de Wildt and Rietvlei Nature Reserves etc Sat 9 • Clivia show in Pretoria • Evening - Clivia auction Sun 10 • Clivia show in Pretoria Day trips to local growers in Pretoria Mon 11 to View Clivia caulescens in habitat Four day tour to Kruger National Thu 14 Park Fri 15 Travel or at leisure Sat 16 Metro Clivia Show in KwaZulu-Natal show in Garden Route Clivia Show in Sun 17 Johannesburg, Gauteng Pietermaritzburg and tours George (Sunday 17) to Strachan & Chubb collections Mon 18 View C gardenii & C miniata in habitat plus collections in KZN midlands Tue 19 View C robusta, gardenii & miniata habitats in KZN south coast Wed 20 to View Clivia nobilis in habitat Thu 21 Fri 22 Travel or at leisure Sat 23 to Cape Clivia Club Show in Cape Town, Western Cape Mon 25 Tue 26 Western Cape Tour: Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens and via Clanwilliam to view C mirabilis* Wed 27 at Oorlogskloof (Northern Cape) Thu 28 At leisure Fri 29 Sat 30 Port Elizabeth -Show of Eastern Province Clivia Club Sun 01 October

23 Important Notice: After the newsletter was submitted for layout we received the follow­ ing information from Mr Coen Calitz, coordinator of the Western Cape Tours. I am sorry to have to inform you that permission for the access to the Mirabilis location has been refused. The policy is to not allow anyone specifically to the Clivia. (They are concerned about theft, illegal entry and unregulated trade. The whole position of mirabilis as a protected specie is still in process.) At my request the policy will be recon­ sidered in due course, but the time and outcome is unknown.

All potential delegates, individually or in James Abel groups, are requested to please help us with Pretoria, South Africa our planning by completing (and posting +27-12-3616406 back) the form that appears on page 31.

In September 2006, during the International graph is essential as this will be used as part Conference to be held in Pretoria, an auction of the selection criteria. will be held of scarce, rare and sought after Clivia plants. The next flowering season is therefore of the utmost importance in order to obtain a photo As time will be a limiting factor on the of the plant to be auctioned, if you have not evening of the auction, only 60 plants will be already done so. selected from the entries received from members. A few more plants will be accept­ Rules and regulations as well as the auction­ ed, if the owners wish to part with their eer’s requirements, applicable to the selec­ plants, from the group winners of the tion and sale, will be published in the Northern Clivia Club’s show. This show will January 2006 newsletter as well as on the be a South African Championship show. Clivia Society website. An entry form will be published in Clivia Entries for the auction should be submitted Society Newsletter No. 2 / 2005 as well as by e - mail before 25 February 2006 to on the Clivia Society website www.cliviaso- [email protected]. ciety.org. All persons who have submitted plants for Herewith a friendly invitation to all members acceptance will be notified of their success of the different Clivia Clubs /Societies, to by 14 April 2006, to allow enough time for enter plants for the auction. overseas entries to be shipped to South Africa. Entries for the auction must be accompanied by a completed application form giving the An illustrated catalogue, with full details of owner’s particulars, together with a short the plants to be auctioned will be published history of the plants parentage as well as a on the website on 1 July 2006. All persons digital photo of the plant in flower. If you registering as potential buyers will be issued enter a sucker which is yet to flower for the with a printed catalogue on the evening of first time, then a digital photo is needed of the auction. the mother plant in flower. A good photo­ All persons who have plants accepted for the 24 auction will be personally responsible for the commission which is due to the Clivia transport of such plants to the Northern Society. Clivia Club in Pretoria, who will care for the plants at the owners risk until the auction. Further details will be made available closer After the auction, or as soon as possible to the auction date. thereafter, the proceeds of the sale will be Sakkie Nel made available to the owners, less 15% (Convenor of Auction Committee) 4 / 02 / 2005

Advertisements. Tariffs for advertising in should approach their local branches. We must the Clivia Society Newsletter: point out that it is difficult to quote a fixed price without knowing the method of payment and Smalls (1 to 6 lines): R25.00 delivery. We suggest you contact Bossie de Smalls (7 to 10 lines): R30.00 Kock (the treasurer) via e-mail at: Quarter page: R70.00 [email protected] or by fax at Half page: R125.00 +27 12 804 8892 and list the items you are Full Page: R250.00 interested in as well as the name of the coun­ A5 separate page insert: R600.00 try in which you reside. Bossie would then be in a position to suggest the most eco­ A4 separate page insert: R800.00 nomical option. Australian, UK, New Zealand (You will be sent an account from the treas­ and USA members are reminded that they urer for the appropriate amount.) can order via Ken Smith, Dr Hamish Sloan, Di Smith and Michael Morri respectively — From the Clivia Society: see covers for contact detail. Also note that Overseas members can order back volume further discounts can be negotiated with copies of the yearbooks and newsletters (since Bossie for orders exceeding 10 of a specific 1992) via the society. South African members item. The following items are available:

Item Approximate price (US $)* Yearbook 6 15 Yearbook 5 15 Yearbook 4 10 Yearbook 3 10 Yearbook 2 10 Yearbook 1 10 Volumes 1(1992) to 11 (2002) of newsletters 10 per volume Set of volumes 1 to 10 available on request Hints on growing Clivia - hard copy 3 Hints on growing Clivia - electronic PDF format 2 International membership list - hard copy 2 International membership list - electronic format No charge * Including postage and banking charges if paid by credit card. Contact Bossie de Kock for quotation re payments made by cheque.

25 Private advertisements: a/h or cell 082 7845401. Clivia species, interspecifics and specialities. Clivia miniata: Creams, yellows, peaches, apri­ Participate in our coordinated imports and cots, reds, pastels and polychromes. Seed, exports of seeds and plants - Asia, ANZ, N. Am. seedlings, mature plants and offsets of stock & Eu. Connie Abel, Pretoria, +27-12-3616406 or plants bred and selected over 25 years. Contact [email protected] Bing Wiese, Pretoria tel/fax (012) 460 6382 to Yellow Nogqaza strains from R15 to R120. view. Orange from R1 to R6 for mature plants. Delivery Thurlow Flora: We have on offer a large variety anywhere. South African Clivia Plantation of carefully bred seedlings and mature plants for Box 855, Hilton 3245. Call 082- 955 5433. sale. We specialize in pastel colours, oddities, Clivia miniata. Seed R100 per kilogram. Year old species and original wild collected and named plants R2 each. Roly Strachan, Box 57, Highflats clones of clivia. Mail order and visitors welcome. 3306 or Tel. (039) 835 0085 evenings only. For our latest plant list please contact Sean and Terri Chubb. Tel: 031 7811978 e-mail: Swamp gardenii and miniata seed and [email protected] We also have available a few seedlings available from various Natal and hundred different named daylily clones. Transkei locations. Phone Andrew (039) 3135024

Mealy bugs Q&A show here in the U.S., advises, here There was a question on the Clivia Enthusiast and there on his show, on the treatment of e-group by Joan Claybrook, from Perth. mealy bugs. According to him, there’s real­ Western Australia, who asked how she could ly no need to resort to such exotic potions get rid of Mealy bugs. like malathion (I’d avoid its use as much as I can, since it’s not a friendly product). Here are some of the replies: Simply, household rubbing alcohol is all Pen Henry, Western Australia that’s needed. Use a Q-tip dipped in alcohol to rub off the wooly critters from the plant. I found mealy bugs on a few of my Clivia Of course, if the problem is extensive, then yesterday so I sprayed them straight away. I you’d have an extensive Q-tip task. Or you use Yates, Confidor which is a systemic, may want to spray with the alcohol. active constituent 50g/kg IMIDACLOPRID. You can purchase Confidor in an aerosol can Also, he advises that it may require drench­ from the supermarkets but it’s cheaper from ing of the soil, since they often hide just the local nursery, hardware or stock feed below soil surface. 50% dilution household supplier for $14.95 per pack of 5 sachets. rubbing alcohol will do. But, it may require 2-3 applications. If you don’t like using poisons try 50/50 metho & water. Keep a spray bottle of this Gretchen Mercer, 36F, wet and dreary on hand so that every time you see them you Wilmington, DE can zap them before they do much damage. Using rubbing alcohol for mealy bugs is the Sam Mak, New York City, USA. way I recommend to eliminate both mealy bugs and scale. My clivia plants are win­ Ralph Snodsmith, a gardening expert who tered over inside my house and since both has a nationally syndicated gardening radio

26 my husband and I are cancer survivors, I’m missed. Mealy bugs get on to the roots too an absolute tyrant about what chemicals are so cleaning all the leaves and other visible used around here. I acknowledge that hav­ bits with whatever won’t fix the problem. ing hundreds of plants present problems far They damage the roots too and re-invade the beyond the realm of individual bugs being leaves from there. wiped out with a q-tip, however spraying with malathion isn’t the only effective Two solutions I've found useful are insecti­ method. Please consider using insecticidal cides - different brands in different coun­ soap. This can be prepared in small quanti­ tries- but make sure it is a SYTEMIC insecti­ ties and applied with a q-tip as well as mix­ cide. That is, one that is absorbed by the ing large batches for sprayer applications. plant and distributed through out its tissues Further consideration for the soap solutions through its vascular system (in Aus Confidor is that the aroma is noticeably less offensive does the trick). That way it will get to crit­ in an enclosed area. ters on the roots as well as those hiding deep in a crevice between leaves etc. Tony Start The other less toxic method is to soak the Sorry to keep the mealy bug theme growing plant in a detergent solution then stand the but I’ve not seen the mail for a few days. pot in a bucket full of “soapy water” over There is one critical aspect that has been night. The mealy bugs naturally have a waxy coating that ensures water runs off and can’t block their spiracles (breathing pores). The detergent overcomes that so they are simply deprived of oxygen and suffocate. Mick Dower, Cape Town We have found Confidor the most effective - used as a drench it gives protection for at least a year. DYNAPLANT Flowever, if you prefer the ‘green’ route try what our grape and wine farmers use - The Netherlands pheromone traps. The mealy bug males are attracted by the pheromone pills which sim­ ulate the presence of females. They are For sale used to lure them into boxes where sticky pads trap them. Their natural predators - Seed of Clivia miniata ladybirds and wasps, then control the “Dyna’s yellow** females. Because ants protect mealy bugs in exchange for the honeydew which they • Minimum amount 1000 excrete, keep ants off your plants if neces­ • Price €.450 per 1000 sary by putting a sticky ring on the pot. (excl. transport costs) • Period: Jan. to March 2005 A trap costs the equivalent of 3 USD here and the pads 5 USD for 10. Only one trap is www.dynaplant.nl needed to protect a couple of acres. I should think that grape farmers in Australia, New [email protected] Zealand and the USA must use similar con­ trols.

27 I just love those peaches and apricots depict­ tion has been extended to 10 April 2005. I ed on the cover of the newsletter this quar­ would be happy to pose any time if there are ter. I would give my stripes to have a no clivia in flower for you to photograph. ‘Victorian Peach.’ Lily Borer (Brithys pancratii). I feel very sad about the Clivia enthusiast e- group ganging up against a friend of mine, the Mealy bug. We all have our role to play in the ecosystem and I’m sure the mealy bugs must do some good. Just look how they help those ants. I would like to remind everyone that the deadline date for the photographic competi­

Society Yearbook 7 announces the second Clivia Categories are as follows: Society Photographic Competition. It is open to all and the object is to encourage clivia enthusiasts Best Photograph: R300 to submit photographs from around the world. Runner-up: R200 We would particularly like photos of plants that Each of four Species Sections: R100 flower outside of the normal Clivia Show dates (miniata, caulescens, gardenii & nobilis.) and therefore are not seen by many people. We Best Interspecific: R100 intend that this will be an annual event that brings Best Habitat Picture: R100 entries of photographs of attractive, as well as Single Flower any specie: R100 some unusual, Clivia flowers and plants. Prominent space will be allocated in the Yearbook The conditions and rules of entry are: to all category winners. The name of the Photographer and Grower will be publicized along 1. The completed entry form (see page 23) with any other relevant information. There will be must accompany submissions. prizes for winners as shown below. The Best 2. All entries are welcome, but due to pub­ Photograph and Runner-up will be selected from lishing deadlines must be received by all entries and will then not be eligible to win other Sunday 10 April 2005, to be eligible. categories. Prizes will be a selection of some of 3. Publication rights for entries will rest with the rarest and most sought-after seed and/or the Clivia Society. seedlings to the value shown below and will be 4. Entries are limited to six per class per per­ awarded next year when we know what is avail­ son. able. 28 5. Photographs may be mailed to from entering. Clivia Photographic Competition, iv. Photographs must be on their own and POBox 53219, not embedded in another program, Kenilworth. 7745. e.g. MS Word. Cape Town. South Africa. v. An email in jpeg format at 72 dpi with Or emailed to: [email protected] picture size 10 x 14 cm. 6. Photos must be submitted in one of the N.B. The type of submission in v. following formats: above must be available on a CD as all emailed photos that reach the final i. A Print in portrait or landscape at least selection of 12, or on request, will 10 x 14 cm but no larger than 14 x 18 have to be submitted to the specifica­ cm. tions in iii. above to remain eligible. ii. A plastic mounted 35mm slide or larg­ No scanned Pictures to be submit­ er format not mounted. ted by email. iii. On CD-R where the image is recorded in a tiff or jpeg format. The pixel size 7. If you wish your Photographs returned should be a minimum of 1600 x1200 after the competition then you should pixels as that should give a printable include a suitably addressed envelope. picture of approximately 14 x 10cm. (S.A. Entrants must include a stamp). The resolution of the image would be 8. The decision of the Editorial Board on the preferred at 300 dpi or greater but Winners of the Competition is final and no correspondence will be entered into. don’t let a lower resolution stop you

29 CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS

Cape Clivia Club: Joy Woodward (Secretary). PO Box 53219, Kenilworth, 7745. Tel (h) +27 21 671 7384, Tel (w) +27 21 799 8768, Fax +27 21 797 0002. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Eastern Province Willie le Roux (Chairperson) PO Box 19292, Linton Grange, Port Clivia Club: Elizabeth, 6015. Tel & Fax: +27 41 -360 3480. E-mail: [email protected] KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club: Sean Chubb (Chairperson). Thurlow Farm, PO Box 126, Eston, 3740. Tel & Fax: +27 31 781 1978. E-mail: [email protected] Northern Clivia Club: Lena van der Merwe (Secretary). PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040. Tel & Fax: +27 12 804 8892. E-mail: [email protected] Border Interest Group: Stella van Gass (Chairperson). 16 Greenan Street, Berea, East London, 5241. Tel +27 43 721 2964 Free State Clivia: Hennie van der Mescht, 18 Mettam Street, Fichardt Park, Bloemfontein, 9322. Tel. +27 51 522 9530. Fax: +27 51 436 4340. E-mail: [email protected] Garden Route Gerrie Brits (Chairperson). Tel: +27 44 8028420. Clivia Interest Group: Fax: +27 44 8707550. Cell: 082 7385 842. E-mail [email protected] Metro Group: Glynn Middlewick (Chairperson). 2 Willow Road, Northcliff, 2195. Tel +27 11 476 1463. E-mail: [email protected] Northern KZN: Dries Olivier. PO Box 8783, Newcastle, 2940. Tel +27 83 264 6230. Fax: +27 34 318 6667. E-mail: [email protected] Waterberg Boslelieklub: An Jacobs. PO Box 3893, Nylstroom, 0510. Tel & Fax: +27 14 717 2674. E-mail: [email protected] Zoutpansberg: Anneke Stroebel (Secretary). PO Box 1712, Louis Trichardt, 0920. Tel +27 83 326 6073. Fax +27 15 516 5710. E-mail: [email protected] Lowveld interest group: Ian Radmore (Secretary). PO Box 1146, White River, 1240 Tel: +27 13 751 2051. E-mail: ian@nelvet1 .agric.za

EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER Meg Hart. 70 The Valley Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. Tel & Fax +27 11 646 9392, E-mail: [email protected]

PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Cobus Roos. Tel 082 416 6178, E-mail: [email protected]

30 CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAHIC COMPETITION ENTRY FORM

31 Please complete and return to: Fax: +27 12 804 8892 Clivia 2006 Secretary PO Box 74868 Lynnwood Ridge 0040 Republic of South Africa. Name: (individual or group organiser) Total number of delegates: Postal address:

E-mail address: Telephone: Attendance: Mark applicable box with “x” Definite Probable Possible

Probable dates: Arrival: Departure:

Preferred type of accommodation (Mark appropriate box with “X” With club members Hotel Bed and Breakfast A more detailed form (Share your intentions) can be downloaded from www.cliviasociety.org

32 CLIVIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS Chairman: Chris Vlok, PO Box 99583, Garsfontein 0060, Tel H +27 12 998 5942, e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Lena van der Merwe, PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, Tel & Fax +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Chairman: John van der Linde, 1 Wheelan Str., Newlands, 7700 Tel & Fax +27 21 671 4535. e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Bossie de Kock, PO Box 38539, Garsfontein, 0042, Tel +27 12 998 3620, e-mail: [email protected] Office Bearer: Ken Smith, 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E- mail: [email protected]

REPRESENTATIVES OF CONSTITUENT CLIVIA CLUBS Cape: Claude Felbert, Felicity Weeden, one position vacant Eastern Province: Willie le Roux, Chari Coetzee Northern: Lena van der Merwe, Peter Lambert, Bossie de Kock KwaZulu-Natal: Sean Chubb

REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS Keith Hammett. 488C Don Buck Rd, Massey, Auckland 8, New Zealand. Tel +64 9 833-9453. E-mail: [email protected] Ken Smith. 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E-mail: [email protected] Aart van Voorst. Frederick Hendriklaan 49, Hillegom, TE 2181, Netherlands. Tel: +31 252529679; email: [email protected] Michael Morri, PO. Box 192, Union City, Michigan 49094 USA. Direct enquiries to Michael at either tel. (517) 741-4769 or E-mail: [email protected] (From 1st May) 625 Tuttle Road, Union City, Michigan 49094-9563, USA

OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION United Kingdom Dr Hamish Sloan, 40 Wendan Road, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 7AF, England, UK. Tel: 044 1635 47417; e-mail: [email protected] New Zealand Di Smith, 71 Taylor Road, Mangere Bridge, Auckland, New Zealand. Tel: (09) 634 6807 or 021 231 9200; e-mail: [email protected]

CLIVIA SOCIETY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Centre page EDITORIAL - Meg Hart 2 FROM THE NEW EDITOR - Roger Fisher 3 FROM THE CHAIRMAN - Chris Vlok 4 MINUTES OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 21 May 2005 (PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA) 5 A CLIVIA SOCIETY AGM REPORT Conservation status of Clivia - John van der Linde 12 NOMINATION FOR HONORARY LIFE MEMBERSHIP OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY 2005 Nominees: Connie and James Abel 13 Nominee: Meg Hart 14 CLIVIA PERSONALITY (POSTHUMOUS), ABRAHAM NICHOLAAS GROBLER — Roger Fisher 15 STORIES BEHIND THE COVER PHOTOGRAPHS — John van der Linde 18 CORRESPONDENCE 24 Some clivias associated with Ammie Grobler — Roger Fisher 24 Drainage slots in plastic pots - Tom Whitehorn 25 Bug eater — Mrs. J Martin 26 MUSINGS: Musing 2 - Breeder's sorrow- Roger Fisher 26 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 28 Persistent stigma 28 Offshoot or seedling? 28 Browning at tips of leaves 29 Variegated suckers from non-variegated plants? 29 Variegation in Clivia cyrtanthiflora 30 Drainage from pots on different surfaces 30 Conditions affecting flowering in Clivia 31 Clivias in big gardens 33 2005 SHOW DATES 35 CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS Joburg Clivia Club — Braam Opperman 36 FOR SALE 36 BEGINNER'S LUCK — Labeling pollinated flowers — Clivia enthusiast E-Group advice 38 ON THE COMPOST HEAP - Meg Hart 39

Views expressed in the newsletter are not necessarily those of the Committee and the Clivia Society.

1 It is with much sadness that I pen this last interesting review of "Stories behind the newsletter of which I shall be Editor. I have colour photographs': What amazes one at done so with passion and enjoyment. My how difficult it is to get members to talk contact with other Clivia enthusiasts has about themselves for "Personality Parade" in enriched my life. I shall miss the contact newsletters. But, ask a member to discuss with all the people who have submitted a special Clivia and out comes his whole his­ material for the newsletters as I feel I have tory! got to know them personally. Tom Whitehorn has kept members very busy Much of this newsletter is taken up with with comments and questions on various feedback from the Annual General Meeting aspects of Clivia characteristics and cultiva­ held in Pretoria on 21 May 2005. One of the tion. Mrs. Marten from Australia has a sug­ reports of the AGM is reproduced, that by gestion for destroying the moths of the John van der Linde concerning the number of Amaryllis caterpillar. A question by Ulrich Clivia taken out of the wild for "muti" purpos­ Landman regarding Clivia growing in a big es. This practice is posing a tremendous garden is also addressed. "Muse 2" by threat to Clivia in its natural habitats. At this Roger Fisher makes one appreciate the com­ meeting James and Connie Abel were made plexities of plant physiology, even if one Honorary Members of the Clivia Society doesn't fully understand it. (they had previously been made Honorary This will be the last newsletter in this format. Members of the Northern Clivia Club), a Roger Fisher takes over as the new Editor reward they richly deserve for the contribu­ and I am sure he will enjoy the challenge of tions they've made over the years. The the next decade with new ideas and presen­ Editor was also honored in this way. tation. He has already contributed substan­ Those who ordered Clivia mirabilis should tially to the newsletters. We have been con­ have received their seedlings by now - all fined to black and white photographs and beautifully packaged and containing a permit diagrams. With the use of modern comput­ to possess the seedling, a pamphlet with a er software and skills the new format should short history of their discovery and signifi­ be much more attractive and exciting with cance and instructions on how to grow colour pictures illustrating articles. Please them. continue with your contributions and sup­ port him in this new role. Roger Fisher gives a more detailed account of Ammie Grobler's life in a posthumous per­ I would like to thank the Chairmen who have sonality profile. He passed away shortly helped, encouraged and supported me while after the spring shows last year and there I was editor - James Abel, Tino Ferero, John were only hurried tributes in newsletter Vol Winter and Chris Vlok. There are other mem­ 13 No 3 p15. Roger has also written an arti­ bers too numerous to mention who have cle about some of the clivias collected and assisted me in one way or another with the bred by Ammie. newsletters and I am grateful for all their help. Some typed articles for me when I was John van der Linde has put together another

2 still at UNISA and overwhelmed with work. eties fail to maintain the interest of their Others have proofread and done the layout. members and once the founder members To all those who have contributed with arti­ have passed on they also die. It is up to the cles and comments, thank you. Without your Clivia Society to satisfy existing members input there would not have been newsletters. and to recruit enthusiastic younger members to help maintain its growth. The Clivia Society has grown remarkably since its inception in 1992 and I hope it con­ Editor. tinues to flourish. So many clubs and soci­

Dear Meg year back I purchased a set of the newslet­ I - as incoming Editor - wish to congratulate ters. They have proved a most valuable mine you on a sterling job well done. When you of information. The 39 issues you edited are took on the task as editor of the Clivia a living monument. I hope that one of my Society Newsletter there were four species early achievements will be to assist in having and one variety of Clivia. There are now six them made available to all in electronic for­ species and two varieties. This will be a mat as web-based publications. hard act to follow, let alone repeat! Enjoy many years of carefree cliviating. Congratulations too on you being awarded life membership of the Society. When I Regards joined the Northern Clivia Club just over a Roger Fisher

3 I received the Afrikaans and English copies Culture are much appreciated as indicated in of the new Clivia Society publication, this award. Cultivation of Clivias on 9 July 2005. After many years of dedication to the Clivia Congratulations and thank you very much Society and especially to the newsletter, Lena van der Merwe and Bossie de Kock for Meg Hart decided that other pursuits are the time, energy and enthusiasm that went more exciting than writing "On the Compost into the project. I also received a letter with Heap" or pleading for contributions. If the the publications and I quote "We wish that late Gert Wiese were still with us, I would the profits on selling these books be chan­ ask him to address a word of thanks and neled into research projects through which appreciation to Meg in this last newsletter. all lovers of Clivia could benefit." A fair He knew how much time and care was put request. I'm also pleased with the support into the newsletters over the past decade, received from clubs in South Africa who and when he addressed the Annual General have placed orders in advance and those Meetings of our Society he always made members who have taken advertising space. mention of her contribution. Meg, enjoy the This means that a large percentage of the hikes, travel, your family, the grand children cost of the layout and printing is covered and your clivias. before printing. Enjoy reading! I would like to thank Roger Fisher for accept­ After positive feedback in 2004 we decided ing the next Editorship of our newsletter. to include the minutes of the Annual General Good luck to him and his team members: Meeting again in this year's newsletter. Note Cobus Roos, Roger Dixon, Maxie Calitz and that these have yet to be approved. The min­ Coen Calitz. I have promised Roger my sup­ utes should be read with the relevant reports port in 2015 when he too can anticipate an that have been submitted. These will be Honorary Life Membership. published on the Clivia Society website and are also available through Clivia Club repre­ A sad note to conclude. I recently learned of sentatives and representatives of the Clivia the tragic and unnecessary death of Jack Enthusiast Group Coetzer, a member of the Northern and Joburg Clivia Clubs. Our condolences to his Congratulations to Connie and James Abel widow and family. and Meg Hart, the new Honorary Life Members of the Clivia Society. Your contribu­ Chris Vlok tions to the advancement of the Clivia

4 1. Welcome Eastern Province Clivia Club: Andre Calitz and an apology from Gideon Botha (proxy to The chairperson, Chris Vlok, welcomed all Willie le Roux) present and extended a special welcome to the representatives of the new Clubs, Glynn Northern Clivia Club: Bossie de Kock, Peter Middlewick (Joburg Clivia Club), Gerrie Brits Lambert and Lena v/d Merwe (Garden Route Clivia Club) and Hennie van KwaZulu-Natal: Apology form Sean Chubb der Mescht (Free State Clivia Club), as well Garden Route Clivia Club: Gerrie Brits as to Oom Pat (Mr. Pat Gore), a well known Free State Clivia Club: Hennie van der face at the AGM of the Society. He also Mescht thanked the Northern Clivia Club for hosting Joburg Clivia Club: Glynn Middlewick the AGM, the get together of the previous evening and the light luncheon to follow the Apologies: Ken Smith (proxy to Lena v d meeting. He explained that all were free to Merwe), and Aart van Voorst (proxy to Lena ask questions, but that only official delegates v d Merwe), Tony Barnes, Hamish Sloan and were entitled to vote. Chris also expressed Jim Black (representatives for associate his sincere thanks to all who had traveled far members). An attendance register was cir­ to attend the meeting. All the documents culated to record others attending the meet­ were distributed in time and will be consid­ ing. ered as read. The language of the meeting 4. Minutes of the Annual General may be Afrikaans or English. Meeting held on 5 June 2004 2. Constituting the meeting Point 13 .1: "Notice is taken that the confer­ The following proxies were recorded: Lena ence will be preceded by a conference (in van der Merwe for Ken Smith and Aart van Cape Town) of the International Bulb Voorst; Willie le Roux for Gideon Botha. The Society" should read "Notice is taken that members attending the meeting constituted the conference will be preceded by a confer­ a quorum and the chairman declared the ence (in Goudini) of IBSA". meeting duly constituted (proposed by John The minutes of the Annual General Meeting van der Linde and seconded by Bossie de held on 5 June 2005 was accepted as a true Kock). reflection of the meeting (proposed by Peter 3. Attendance register/Recording of rep­ Lambert and seconded by Claude Felbert). resentatives (alternates) of Clubs: 5. Matters arising from the minutes Present: Point 6.1: Report on Clivia mirabilis. Letters were received from Cathy Grimes and Ian Ex Officio: Chris Vlok and John v/d Linde Coates thanking John Winter and Joy Cape Clivia Club: Claude Felbert. Apologies Woodward for their dedicated hard work in for Felicity Weedon and Coen Calitz.

5 respectively growing on the Clivia mirabilis Gerrie Brits expressed the opinion that it is seedlings and taking care of the orders. A standard practice to regard the end of the motion of thanks to them was passed (pro­ financial year as an indication of the strength posed by Willie le Roux and seconded by of an enterprise. This is a technical point. Peter Lambert). Koos Geldenhuys said a constitution is an active document that needs to be revised 6. Honorary membership from time to time and pledged his assistance The Northern Clivia Club proposed (second­ in revising the constitution. Claude Felbert ed by Eastern Province Clivia Club) that Mr. supports the idea that the constitution be and Mrs. James and Connie Abel and Meg revised but suggested that the original com­ Hart be awarded honorary membership of mittee should also be involved. Peter the Clivia Society. Both proposals were Lambert also supports the revision of the unanimously accepted by the meeting. The constitution. Chairman handed a framed Honorary 8. Financial Report: B de Kock Member Certificate to James and Connie Abel. Meg Hart, who was not present, will The Society has had a successful financial receive her certificate later at a meeting of year with a net operating income of R45 175. the Joburg Clivia Club. The membership is approximately 1 300. The Society has had an exceptionally good 7. The constitution: Willie le Roux year regarding the sales of publications - the Willie pointed out that several clauses in the income of R53 506 exceeded the budgeted constitution refer to how representatives amount (R12 000). should be appointed for newly constituted The following recommendations were Clubs, such as clause 12.9. Only in the finan­ approved at the meeting. cial clause 15.4 and 15.5 is reference made to a date on which the number of paid-up • An additional amount of R5 000 to be members determines the number of repre­ transferred to an account earmarked sentatives. If the whole document is not for the future publication of names of studied, this may be overlooked. He propos­ Registered Clivia Cultivars. es that a sub-committee be appointed to • An amount of R20 000 be allocated to revise the constitution. Chris Vlok comment­ the printing of English and Afrikaans ed that: versions of Growing Clivia. • An amount of R10 000 to be trans­ • The intention was that the number of ferred to the 2006 Conference bank paid-up members as on 31 December account. will determine the number of represen­ • The net balance, being R10 175, be tatives to which a club is entitled. transferred to the Research and • The reference to 31 December as the Conservation Fund. date that determines the number of rep­ • The following membership fees apply resentatives is perhaps in the wrong to payments via Clivia Society bank position in the document. accounts administered by overseas • The constitution is not clear whether a representatives: United Kingdom successful application for club status (£12.50); USA ($25.00); Australia by an interest group impacts on the ($35.00); New Zealand ($30.00). membership totals of the former moth­ Membership payments (credit card) er club. This needs to be addressed. via the treasurer will be debited at the

6 equivalent of R160.00. RSA member­ Lambert and wishes them well. ship will remain at R80.00. 11.2 Yearbook: J van der Linde. John said he had received pictures of flowers The meeting approved the financial report and would like to retract his remark in and financial statements (proposed by Peter the report on the Yearbook. Peter Lambert and seconded by Willie le Roux). Lambert thanked John van der Linde, John van der Linde expressed sincere Claude Felbert and Roger Dixon on an thanks to Bossie for the way he handles the excellent publication, Yearbook 6. portfolio as treasurer and told the meeting Their hard work is much appreciated. that management receives financial state­ 11.3 Newsletter: M Hart. Chris Vlok made ments monthly. mention of the change in appearance 9. Budget for 2006 of Newsletter volume 14 (1). The next phase will be a change in the layout of The opinion was expressed that the budget­ the document. Gerrie Britz pointed out ed amount of R 2 000-00 for the Public that the newsletter is the only source Relations Portfolio is perhaps inadequate. of communication and should be of PRO and marketing will be dealt with in the good quality. Club representatives are PRO report. requested to motivate their club mem­ John van der Linde requested that R 66 000- bers to contribute to the Clivia 00 be budgeted for the Yearbook and the Society's newsletter. Claude Felbert meeting agreed that this might even be R 70 suggested that an electronic version of 00-00. The expected amount from publica­ the newsletter should be considered tions should be increased to R 30 000-00. as such a step could lead to substan­ tial savings in postage. John van der The meeting approved the proposed budget Linde thanked Meg for being editor of for 2006 (proposed by Peter Lambert and the newsletter for just over 10 years. seconded by Andre Calitz). Meg's job became harder to find arti­ 10. Appointment of Auditor cles over the years and deserves extra thanks for all her effort. The current firm of auditors, Snijders and 11.4 Research Committee. A report from Associates, was proposed by John van der Prof. Wynand Swart was circulated. Linde and seconded by Willie le Roux. Prof. Johan Spies reiterated that most clivias serve as host to five to six 11. Other reports pathogens at any time. A complete All reports were circulated and were consid­ description of the circumstances in ered as read. which the plant was kept is very important to correctly identify a dis­ 11.1 2006 Clivia Conference in Pretoria: ease. Gerrie Britz requested that this Peter Lambert. Registration fee will be project should be on going and more in the order of R 400-00 with an early money should be made available to bird discount and a discount for hus­ complete the research. A project sub­ band and wife. John van der Linde mission should be made for any new wished the organising committee research. A further R 5 000-00 was good luck with the project. Cobus made available for research. Prof Roos requested that in future a SA Spies requested a donation of at least championship show be held with each 20 plants of the same clone to be used conference. Chris Vlok thanked Peter in a research project on nutrition. 7 Lena van der Merwe undertook to have names incorrectly stated. This is donate such plants. only one part of the potential naming Viruses remain a headache for the confusion because so many plants are Clivia grower as nothing can heal a sold locally, with the local name that virus-infested plant. Roodeplaat mean nothing to the wider community. Research Laboratories is an option to Each year the number increases. I have plants tested for virus. Prof. renew my call to all enthusiasts to help Hannes Robbertse and Mr. Mick us in this matter and make available all Dower will be requested to look into information and images of the named this matter. A letter of thanks will be forms of Clivia. I am always ready to send to Prof. Swart. help in the registration process." 11.5 Public Relations: C Roos. Cobus Roos Registration can be done via clubs. All announced a donation of R 20 000-00 Clubs have the registration documen­ to be divided among the Clubs from tation. Registration is open to anybody Efekto for 2005, 2006 and 2007 in who accesses the ICRA information exchange for advertising space and a on the Internet. Claude Felbert is of the stall at their shows. Concern was opinion that Clubs should be far more expressed from Claude Felbert on involved in the registration process of behalf of CCC as they are not allowed plants and said we owe Ken a vote of to have commercial enterprises at thanks. their venue. The Chairman requested 11.7 Web Site: Chris Vlok reported that he Cobus to discuss with the PROs of the needs to look differently at the organ­ new Clubs how they could be accom­ ization of the website. Perhaps people modated. Gerrie Britz thanked Cobus serving on the website committee for his good work done and Willie le should take more responsibility. Willie Roux thanked him for the donation to le Roux pointed out that it is every­ the EPCC. Glynn Middlewick pointed body's responsibility to participate. out that the Society should budget to He thanked Chris for the good work advertise shows in periodicals to done to keep the website on the air. make advertising a joint effort. Cobus 11.8 Standards and Judging: Reports were Roos should liase with the different received from Roger Dixon (con­ Clubs in this regard. venor), the Cape Clivia Club, The 11.6 Registration of genus Clivia: Ken Eastern Province Clivia Club and the Smith wrote "The form is available as Northern Clivia Club. a printable PDF file on my Cliviasmith 1. Roger reported that "...since the website: http://cliviasmith.idx.com.au/. A last AGM when the draft on the link is available on the Clivia Society Standards was distributed to the website. I urge all enthusiasts to seek Constituent Clubs, very little has help from their Clubs and Societies so occurred." and that "Unless more par­ that the important name information ticipation and enthusiasm can be can be collated. I want members to obtained, I do not know if the contin­ again realize that every bit of detail, no ued existence of the committee is jus­ matter how small, that can be made tified." available will strengthen our under­ 2. The Cape Clivia Club reported "Our standing of cultivars, old and new. The Club as the way to go forward has sale of seeds is an all-important part accepted Keith and Roger's revision of of the hobby but many of the seed lists the Society's Show Standards docu- 8

L ment. We would like to put on record sus was that a lot of hard work had our thanks to the authors for their hard gone into the compiling of the docu­ work to date. In the meantime we ment, and that it should not therefore have used the Society's draft as the be simply dismissed. It was, however, main guideline in our most recent revi­ noted that the contents and descrip­ sion of the Rules and Standards for tions, while well suited for scientific our 2005 CCC Show." The CCC Colour and botanical publications and users, Chart was used as the basis of defin­ was in too much detail and that a sim­ ing their Classes. The CCC report plified version should be made avail­ pointed out that there is a need for a able for use by the various clubs and dynamic schedule of Show Classes their members for show purposes and from which individual Clubs would for general description of plants. For select the Classes appropriate to their the majority of members, clivias are a own Shows. A practical flower colour hobby and therefore the need for an reference point is essential. The CCC easy to use guide." The report further Colour Chart had been the first proposed that: attempt to achieve such a reference • The Show Guidelines of the NCC as point. The Society's Show Standards printed in their annual show booklet be draft document does not refer to this used for this purpose. important issue. All clubs and mem­ • The sixth species, namely C. bers are welcome to recommend what robusta, should be included in the colours should be included in a sup­ introduction. plementary Colour Chart. An amount • Due to the constantly changing of R10,000-00 has been set aside by plants that are being seen, that whatev­ the Cape Clivia Club towards financing er document was adopted, should be this project. The report concludes revised and altered on a regular basis. with the comment "We regard both • That when it comes to classifying the Society and our own Show and judging imported Chinese and Standards documents as "work in Japanese plants, the guidelines laid progress" and are looking forward to down by the Chinese and Japanese cooperate in taking them forward." growers should be considered. 3. Eastern Province Clivia Club wrote • That the colour chart from the "Naturally, it would be impossible to Cape Clivia Club, with a few minor cover each and every aspect in the changes, be adopted as the standard finest detail but the guide, which they for describing colours at our shows. have produced, provides us with These proposed changes would be for­ more than enough to put us in the for­ warded to the CCC. This chart is very tunate position to do proper standardised easy to use and well suited for the classification and judging at average member and Clivia enthusiast. our shows. Eastern Province would The RHS Colour Cards will still remain like to sincerely thank Roger, Keith, the gold standard, but they are not Ken, Ian, Jim, John, Mick the late freely available, are expensive and not Ammie as well as all others who might easy to use. have been involved for their time and • More details of proposed changes effort to produce this valuable guide." and modifications to the above-men­ 4. The report from the Northern Clivia tioned document will be made available Club stated that "The general consen­ later. 9 Peter Lambert said the document is a man thanked Claude Felbert for his major step in the right direction for reg­ report and especially the initiative he istering and describing Clivia . has shown with this project. He urged However, Clivia is to most of the mem­ Clubs and members to take part in this bers a hobby and a more simplified annual competition and to be more version of the guide will be more user pro-active. friendly. He offered the less compre­ 11.10 Reports from Clubs. The chairman hensive NCC show booklet for every­ thanked all Clubs for the reports sub­ body to use for judging at shows. The mitted. CCC colour chart, with certain 11.11 Chairman's report: C Vlok. The chair­ changes can also be used as a guide­ man added to his report congratula­ line. Willie le Roux emphasized the tions to Connie and James Abel and to need of a standardized document that Meg Hart as new Honorary Life can then be adjusted by the Clubs so as Members. He thanked them for their to ensure that the same standard contributions to the advancement of applies at every show. This document Clivia. The Chairman's report was is important and each club can take out accepted as proposed by Willie le of the document what they want to use. Roux and seconded by Peter Lambert. Drawing up a show schedule needs to John van der Linde thanked the chair follow. The Clivia Society needs one for his very hard work this year. Chris document from which each club could has a lot to do with Clivia prima don­ draw out what they want to use. Tino nas and learned to be tolerant to Ferero said the NCC has been working other's mistakes. It is a pleasure to on standards for about 10 years and work with Ken, Chris, Bossie and care should be taken not to re-invent Lena. At Clivia Society level we do not the wheel. Willie pointed out that in wear club hats. On behalf of every­ 2003 Tino was part and parcel of the body thank you. decision that was taken to compile a manual on show standards and judging 12. Election of Office Bearers guides. Willie further expressed his The following nominations have been disappointment in the apparent lack of received and approved: support Roger received. Koos Geldenhuys pointed out that the Chairperson Chris Vlok Society's draft document is not reject­ Vice-Chairperson John van der Linde ed; but can be used for what it's worth. Treasurer Bossie de Kock The document of the NCC could be Secretary Lena van der Merwe attached to complement the standards Additional Member Ken Smith document. 13. Election/Appointment of members for The chairperson requested the com­ sub-committees mittee to report back within three weeks. Claude Felbert asked members Yearbook: John van der Linde (editor), Roger to give their input on the new colour Dixon, Claude Felbert chart. Willie le Roux thanked Roger Newsletter: Two nominations were received Dixon and all those members who col­ for the position of editor. Keith Rose and laborated in the drawing up of this doc­ Peter Lambert were appointed as election ument. officers and the meeting voted by ballot. 11.9 Photographic competition. The chair­ 10 Roger Fischer was elected as editor of the es are unavoidable. It was noted that the club newsletter. The other members are Cobus hosting the Clivia Society Conference should Roos, Maxie Calitz, Coen Calitz and Roger have the first choice of a show date for that Dixon. particular year. James Abel had already Web Site: Chris Vlok, Roger Dixon, Cobus liaised with all clubs regarding the show Roos, Owen Fletcher, Riel Lőtter and Johan dates for 2006. Schoombee. 16. Conservation status of clivias in the Research: Mick Dower and Hannes wild. John van der Linde (See Robbertse. Gerrie Britz was requested at the Appendix A) meeting to also serve on this committee. Registration of genus Clivia: Ken Smith, Muti plant collectors are not regulated. In Joan Sadie, Peter Lambert and Willie le Roux Johannesburg 15 busses arrive daily with Public Relations: Cobus Roos and Gideon muti plants including Clivia. The Clivia plants Botha. are sold for as little as R 1-70. The National Department of Environment and Tourism Roger Standards and Judging committee: turns a blind eye to this trade that decimates Dixon, Keith Hammett, Ken Smith, Ian populations in the habitat over night. John Coates, Andre Calitz, Mick Dower, Johan wanted to alert members to this problem. Schoombee and Koos Geldenhuys. The The Management Committee should decide members should notify the chairman within how to go forward. Roger Dixon said this three weeks hence who is the convener. fact should be made public - that is the only 14. Honoraria way to get reaction from the government. An honorarium of R 2 000-00 each to Bossie 17. Venue and date for the next AGM and Lena was proposed by Andre Calitz and Gerrie Britz, on behalf of the Garden Route seconded by Peter Lambert. Chris Vlok Clivia Club offered to host the next AGM. thanked Bossie and Lena for being two tow­ ers of strength. For instance they process 18. Closure the Newsletters within 24 hours after receiv­ ing it from the press. The meeting was declared closed at 12:56. Gerrie Britz, on behalf of the Garden Route 15. Co-ordination of Show Dates - the Clivia Club offered to host the 2006 AGM in Society's role. John van der Linde George. The chairman thanked every one present for the congenial way the meeting The CS initiates the coordination by request­ was approached and wishes them a safe ing clubs to share dates with the society and journey home. Gerrie Britz on behalf of the clubs. These dates are then published in the GRCC thanked the CCC for their mentorship newsletter. When dates clash, the onus is on and support and expressed the hope that the Clubs concerned to approach each other they will collaborate in future. Claude Felbert in order to find a solution. Unfortunately the mentioned that Felicity Weedon plans to reality is that with more shows/clubs clash­ start an interest group in Hermanus.

11 Conservation status of Clivia taken out of the wild. Genetic diversity is being lost - forever. Existing provincial statutes are quite strict about possession of indigenous plants and Several important local Clivia populations their transport across provincial boundaries. have already been wiped out and many more are under threat. Valuable genetic material is Also, SANBI staff who collect Clivia in the being systematically destroyed. Remember, wild for The National Botanical Gardens are extinction is forever! Incidentally, at Faraday, closely regulated, require permits, and can mature Clivia plants are bought in at around remove only a limited number of plants. R1 each and sold on at R1.70. The nation's However, it would seem that regulations are Clivia gene pool in the wild - a national her­ not applied in the case of "muti" collectors itage of diversity- is being sold off - and who are busy stripping habitats in the very, very cheaply. Transkei, Limpopo, KZN, Mpumalanga and It would appear that the national Dept, of Swaziland of clivias that have grown there in Environmental affairs and Tourism (DEAT) the wild for countless generations. and the provinces are aware of the scale of Remember, the plants that "muti" collectors what is going on, but they turn a blind eye. pull out are not grown on in gardens -they The "muti" industry is large and provides are destroyed. What is the scale of the "muti" employment for many people. Yet at the trade in clivias? I knew of its existence but same time DEAT is working on new was startled to learn of its extent. Biodiversity Regulations which affect seri­ At the Faraday Street muti market in ous Clivia collectors, like members of Clivia Johannesburg more than 15 buses a week Clubs throughout the country, who want to bring in "muti" plants, including clivias, from conserve clivias, not destroy them. What all over, crossing provincial boundaries, can the Clivia Society, as the umbrella body apparently without any trouble, to get there. for all the Clivia Clubs, do? A conservative estimate, based on a survey Chairman, this is a big topic and there is lit­ conducted at the market, is that at least 200 tle time for discussion. I therefore propose bags of 50 kg. size of clivias (maybe 17 000 that this Annual General Meeting of the Clivia plants, at an average of 600gms a plant) are Society takes note of this alarming situation sold at Faraday Market alone each year. The and ask the Management Committee to con­ implication is that possibly as many as 30 sider the actions that should be taken. 000 to 40 000 Clivia plants a year are sold at "muti" markets throughout the country. By John van der Linde far the majority of these plants are being Vice- Chairman 21 May 2005

12 Nominees: Connie and James Abel elected unanimously as Chairman, and Connie received her first miniatas from her he initiated discussions and plans on a sister in Ixopo in 1966. That was the start of number of activities which still form her passion for clivias and the original plants much of the focus of the Clivia of that Ixopo strain, a vigorous orange form Association, namely garden visits, with umbels of up to 45 flowers, are still conferences, shows, photographic prominent in a bed in their garden. James, exhibitions and habitat tours. having grown up on the eastern escarpment, — The first quadrennial Conference made an initial contribution of caulescens and Show was held later that year in that had been in his grandmother's garden. mid September (CN 3.8.1). The show They moved to their present home in Pretoria committee consisted of James, Renee in 1976, and clivias soon occupied most of and Michael Stevenson and Nick, with the available space. There are over a dozen co-opted members Connie, Adri beds of different Clivia as well as many pot­ Haxton, Toy Jennings and Wessel ted plants in the collection, which contains Lőtter. Attendance exceeded all expec­ most of the species and forms. tations, the conference proceedings made a good contribution to Clivia • In 1992 they heard of the newly formed know how, the show and plant sales Clivia Club, and joined towards the end started a long tradition and it was truly of the year - their membership is first international with contributions from recorded in the Clivia Newsletter (CN) Yoshikazu Nakamura, Keith Hammett in January 1993 (CN 2.1.16). and Pen Henry. • Editorials reflect that —Connie and James hosted many of — In October 1993 (CN 2.5.9) they the Club meetings at their home and participated in the first visits to Clivia organized a number of tours to see gardens in Pretoria. Clivia habitats. In an editorial in June — At the end of October 1993 they 1995 (CN 4.3.10) it was stated that organized the first habitat visit to see they had taken "the Clivia Club out of caulescens at Gods Window (CN an envelope and put it on the show 3.1.6). bench" — And then, January, the 22nd, 1994, —They encouraged Clivia activities in was an auspicious date in the annals of other centres, and Des Andersson Clivia. What is probably the first and reported on the first meeting in only Clivia Association was formed on Pietermaritzburg on June 3rd 1995 that day. On that historic date, at the (CN 4.4.5) where James Abel noted home of Mr. and Mrs. Abel, the follow­ that the Transvaal members had joined ing people were present" (CN 3.1.14). the meeting with a view to giving impe­ The names of 19 participants and 7 tus to a new membership drive..." The apologies were recorded. James, pro­ fruits of that meeting in posed by Nick Primich, founder of the Pietermaritzburg included the forma­ Club, and seconded by Pat Gore, was tion of the second branch of the Clivia 13 Club, and there has been continued plants, seedlings and seeds. growth in the number of members and The Northern Clivia Club honoured James groups. and Connie Abel with honorary membership The Abels declined to stand for re-election at of the Club on 23 November 2002. the AGM held on September 5th 1998 (CN I am of the opinion that Connie and James 7.2.4), and Tino Ferero was elected the sec­ Abel, as the first chairperson, have made a ond chairman of the Club. Connie and James very significant contribution to the establish­ have continued to make valuable contribu­ ment of the Northern Clivia Club and to the tions to the Clivia Society and the Northern success of the Northern Clivia Club in gener­ Clivia Club in various areas. These include al, and to the ongoing growth of both the the following: Northern Clivia Club and the Clivia Society • The recent bulk purchasing of copies and that they should be suitably honoured of Harold Koopowitz's book 'Clivias' for this. I therefore wish to propose Connie and of the Chinese book 'Junzilan and James Abel for honorary life member­ Xinpu' (including the production of an ship of the Clivia Society. English translation of the text which is Peter Lambert - Chairperson: Northern Clivia an interesting overview of Clivia grow­ Club ing in China). • Their efforts and encouragement (The contribution of Lena van der Merwe is helped ensure that over 15 overseas hereby acknowledged). members (Australia, Belgium, Japan, Nominated by: Northern Clivia Club Netherlands and the USA) attended the Seconded by: Eastern Province Clivia Club 2002 conference, shows and tours, helping cement relationships between Nominee: Meg Hart Clivia fanatics around the world. Dear members of the Clivia Society • The importation of clivias and Clivia seeds from various countries including The father of what we know today as the China, Japan, Belgium and the UK and Clivia Society is Nick Primich. In 1992 he put the sale and distribution of these to the practice to his vision of forming an informal members of the Northern Clivia Club association of Clivia enthusiasts from across and the Clivia Society. the world. There can be no doubt that Nick • James is also a member of the 2006 had the right idea at the right time. From a Conference Organizing Committee and modest start in 1992 Nick's idea grew into a has put together and coordinated a vibrant movement. Proof thereof is: truly wonderful tour program coincid­ ing with the 2006 Conference to all the • The 5 energetic constituent Clivia various Clivia natural habitat areas as Clubs (and their interest groups) of the well as visits to the various clubs and Clivia Society with a membership of interest groups. over 1 000 • James has until recently been the • An international membership of over coordinator of the Sellers Committee 300 of the Northern Clivia Club. The sales • Independent Clivia associations or are always a great success and James clubs in Australia, New Zealand and the was also instrumental in establishing USA the Club Stall, which gives the smaller • A proliferation of Clivia shows, exhibi­ grower the opportunity of selling their tions, conferences and symposia.

14 The success of any organization is depen­ In January 1995 the name of Meg Hart dant on: appeared for the first time in a Clivia publica­ tion - it was on the address list of a newslet­ • Member enthusiasm for a common ter called 'Clivia Club'. She was also present object (in our case Clivia); on 22 January 2004 when the 1992 initiative • A product or service that's adds value of Nick Primich was more formally struc­ to being a member; tured as the 'first and only Clivia association'. • People that have the enthusiasm and In November 1995 we saw the first newslet­ expertise to drive the idea and deliver ter (Vol.4, number 5) under the editorship of the product. Meg Hart. This brings me to a product being the I'm tempted to make the tongue in cheek newsletter of our organization. The Clivia comment that, during the past 10 years, Meg movement started in 1992 as a newsletter was one of only a few constants in the orga­ called 'Friends of Clivia'. In those years infor­ nizational structure of the vibrant Clivia mation about Clivia was scanty. The newslet­ movement. ter fulfilled a most important function by: • She served under four different chair­ • Building a body of basic Clivia knowl­ persons; edge; • The name of the organization changed • Providing the forum to exchange ideas, twice during her decade of editorship; communicate news and events, share • In 1999 the entire management corps ideas, distribute seed and plant materi­ of the Clivia Club resigned. It could al and build friendships. have been disastrous to the Clivia Club There is no doubt that without the newsletter if Meg Hart had also opted to call it a the 2005 Clivia scene would have been day. Fortunately she did not. much more modest. It provided the sound She has been a member of the organization foundation from which the Clivia movement since 1994. Nobody else has served the could diffuse in South Africa and indeed Clivia Society in any capacity longer than across the world. Plenty of letters to the edi­ Meg has. During her decade as editor of the tor can be quoted in which members refer to newsletter she gave us a total of 39 (one in the huge role newsletters have played in pro­ the press) newsletters. viding them with the know how of growing Clivia. In those letters new members were Meg Hart is in many ways the "Grand Lady" often advised to buy all the back copies of of the Clivia Society. She served with digni­ past newsletters. ty for 10 years and never allowed to be drawn into controversy. I trust that the Clivia If we assume that the newsletter was funda­ Society share my view that Meg Hart has mental to the growth of the Clivia moment, played an enormous role in the Clivia move­ credit should go to those enthusiastic people ment and that she is a worthy recipient of who made it possible. Nick Primich has been honorary life membership of the Clivia mentioned as the father of the idea and the Society. newsletter. However, Volume 4 number 2 of April 1995 (wrongly published as vol. 3 # 4 Written by Chris Vlok on behalf of the April 1994) announced his resignation and Northern Clivia Club the appointment of Meg Hart as Nick's suc­ cessor. (The contribution of Adri Haxton is hereby acknowledged).

15 Nominated by: Northern Clivia Club In 1955 he was seconded to Balfour Seconded by: Eastern Province Clivia Club Intermediate School and trekked with them to the newly established Balfour Hoërskool Abraham Nicolaas Grobler where he did his Honours degree part-time Ammie - the familiar form of his name - was in 1957 while teaching Pedi there. In 1958 born on the farm Fourieskloof near Afgunst in the school required a biology teacher, of the Waterberg on 25 January 1932 and died which there was a shortage, so Ammie was in Pretoria on 12 September 2004. called to fill the breach. He himself had only done Biology up to matriculation level, but, He was a man of many lives. as was the nature of the man, rose so well to the task that the Biology results of the school He came from a platteland farming back­ were the best in the entire Transvaal while he ground, the youngest of four children, his taught it there! While teaching Biology he father pursuing mixed farming while his used the laboratory to raise seedlings of var­ mother was postmistress of the nearby small ious decorative plants, which were used in post office. The remoteness of the farm necessitated his having to be a boarding the school gardens. At Balfour he rose scholar in Nylstroom, where he attended through the ranks, being promoted to an A- grade teacher, then vice-principal. In a both primary and high schools. He excelled farewell address made by C van Wyk, in rugby where he represented Nylstroom Hoërskool (Nylstroom Afrikaans-medium Chairman of the Governing Body, it was noted that "U ... bekwame hand in die uitleg High School) in the first team. Rugby van die pragtige tuine sal nie gou vergeet became one of the arenas for his administra­ word nie" [Your competent hand in the laying tive skills, where he acted as selector for the Eastern Transvaal Rugby Union, vice-chair­ out of the magnificent gardens will not soon be forgotten], and the new Headmaster, JA man of Stellaland High Schools Rugby Union Vorster remarked in his farewell note that and vice-chairman of the South-Eastern Transvaal Rugby Union, and Chairman of the these "... sal vir horn as monument bly staan"1 [will remain his monument]. Witbank High Schools Rugby Circle. By con­ trast he had also a great love of music and He also fell in love with one of his biology was active in directing school operettas at pupils, Tersia Coetzee, who matriculated in the various schools he served. 1959 and they were married soon after­ After matriculating in 1949 Ammie trained as wards in 1960. She remained his stalwart a teacher, specializing in History and companion and muse. They have three chil­ Northern Sotho (Pedi), receiving his teaching dren, Jannes, Martin and Rachel. diploma from Potchefstroom Onderwys- In 1974 he became Adjunct Head at kollege (College of Education) and graduat­ Hoërskool Wolmaranstad and in 1976 he ing with a BA a year later from became Principal of Patriot Hoërskool, Potchefstroom University for Christian Witbank. This was a spanking new school Education (the diploma plus degree graduate with undeveloped grounds, which he set to was a 'GePUKte POot' [the wordplay untrans­ developing and planting, an achievement that latable] in the parlance). He spent the year of won both admiration and respect. It was also 1954 teaching at Naboomspruit Hoërskool.

16 at this time that a persistent lifelong endoge­ nary vehicles. There, beneath an enormous nous depression was diagnosed. spreading tree was a magnificent display of Clivias in flower. They were invited to select In 1982 he accepted an appointment as Head the plants they wanted, which Ammie then of Potchefstroom Gymnasium, an Afrikaans carefully did. Their vehicle could only carry high school founded way back in 1907 on twenty-six of these large specimens, and Christian principles. The presence at his not the thirty promised. These are the famed funeral of the Head boy and prefects (girls) habitat Clivia miniata from the Pondoland from this honourable establishment is testi­ center of endemism2 which - as mother mony to the venerated memory of the man. plants - formed the core of Ammie's breed­ It was in their time there that Tersia bought ing programme. Some, such as 'King' and the first Clivia from the nursery that was 'Queen' have, in their uncultivated form, been forerunner to 'Gift Acres' in Lynnwood Road, repetitive show winners. Willows, Pretoria. The plant was kept in a pot in a secluded corner on the Western veran­ Ammie retired at the end of January 1992, dah of their home, where it flourished and the month of his sixtieth birthday. The was admired by all. Tersia recalls how the Grobler couple needed to do house hunting local Dominee [Church minister] would and one of those they viewed to purchase remark "Maar myne is noord ek kyk hoe was located at Rubida Street, The Willows, goed groei joune!" [Mine is on the northern Pretoria. Although the house was badly ven­ side and look how well yours is growing!]. It tilated with a pervasive smell of stale ciga­ was also at this time that Ammie started rette smoke, Tersia felt it a place she might dividing the offsets and potting them up sep­ call "home'. But when she glanced at the arately. cramped back garden she realized that she should not set her heart on it. Then a voice In 1985 Ammie was appointed Schools called in excitement "Ma, kom kyk hier" [Ma, Inspector, Academic, for African Languages come look here!]. Beyond what seemed like taught in - what were then - White schools. the end of the property was an additional The Groblers were housed in an official res­ piece of overgrown land. Ammie had found idence of the Department of Education at The the space for his Clivia nursery and Tersia a Hillside in Menlo Park. Here Ammie's love of place which she could make home. Clivias blossomed and grew. His travels to the various schools brought him into contact They raised a bond to erect the first shade- with plants throughout the province, and his house for the Clivia Nursery. In the beginning collection started. When holidaying at Port times were tough. Ammie started a small St John's in 1986, they visited a local art gardening firm and Tersia herself drew up the gallery. Ammie started chatting with another planting plans. But as time passed things of the gallery visitors, a Mrs. Nilsen, and she became easier. The Clivias flourished and inquired as to his retirement plans. He said started to pay their way. Tersia herself stayed that he intended starting a Clivia nursery, to actively involved with the business until a hip which she replied: "Then I shall give you your replacement operation of two years ago first plants'! She invited them to the Nilsen's forced her to ease up on her commitments. farm in the Oribi Gorge Reserve, which they There was the added bonus in that when the drove to in their Volkswagen Jetta sedan on 'Black Dog1 depression snapped at Ammie's their way back home. They needed to be heels, he would take himself off to the nurs­ fetched by the farmer in a four-wheel drive ery and spend time amongst his plants. As vehicle to reach the farm since the last the hours passed in contemplation the 'beast' stretch of the road was impassable for ordi­ would stand at bay. Besides this, Ammie had 17 two heart by-pass operations. Then the he loved, the Clivia. He treated each with the abdominal cancer set in ... Tersia honestly respect that devotion engenders. In the last believes that the Clivias extended Ammie's years of his life he lived yet another life. He life by a good many years. In their garden took to writing poetry. All we - especially grows a Clivia clump that blooms perpetual­ those who came to call him "Friend"- who ly. At Ammie's death it ceased blooming. have grown to love the genus Clivia, are the richer for Ammie's involvement with the Club It was Ammie's philosophy to bring in his and thankful for his added years. schoolteacher's enthusiasm to promote a love and understanding for the genus Clivia, The task of cleansing the proverbial Augean particularly among novices, to the benefit of stables has been left to Tersia. After thirteen both the new membership of the Club and years of breeding, thousands of plants need­ the future of the plant. He was actively ed to be disposed of. Providence and God involved in committees and was particularly have been kind. The plants are gone, the keen in starting a Clivia Breeders Society, structures sold, the sale of the house a for which he helped Louis Potgieter, leader of clinched deal. Tertia has a new home to the initiative, draft a constitution. His final occupy in April. And with her the prize prog­ time was spent in helping with the organiza­ eny of Ammie's Clivia breeding programme. tion of the 2006 Clivia Congress, to be host­ Roger Fisher ed by the Northern Clivia Club at the Safari Nursery. 1 Vorster, JA. 1973. Ons neem afskeid van Mnr. A.N. He was a devout Reformed Protestant Grobler. Skakels p. 10. Christian and lifelong member of the FAK 2 Van Wyk, AE & Smith, GE 2001. Regions of floristic (Federation of Afrikaner Culture), a man who endemism in southern Africa. A review with empha­ loved and served simply his God, his lan­ sis on succulents. Hatfield: Umdaus Press. guage Afrikaans, and the genus of the plant Particularly 3.2 Pondoland Centre, pp. 94-101

Photo No. 1 ago. The original plants came from my in­ law's farm nearby where they were growing This distinctive beauty is Val Thurston's in the indigenous bush. I split them up and 'Roly's Brocade'. It was grown by Roly set about planting wherever I found shade. I Strachan, and he and his wife Barbara have soon realised that they responded very well given us some background: to cultivation and did not need any water. "When I was getting on in life and had a son Early in spring, no matter how dry it was, to do the farming I had to find something to they never failed to flower just when every­ occupy myself with - I did not want to spend thing else in the garden was looking a bit my old age on a park bench feeding the drab after winter. pigeons. I collected all the seed and planted it in a I decided to expand the few Clivia clusters seedbed and gradually extended my stand. that were in our garden. That was 15 years We get 800mm of summer rainfall, which

18 comes mostly in the form of mist and drizzle, of this attractive orange miniata, bred and and I only water in August if we haven't had grown by Eric Heine, and photographed at rain. It certainly helps the flowering process his Stellenbosch home by Johan but unfortunately I can't water everything. Schoombee. Both are members of the Cape The biggest problem is periwinkle which we Clivia Club. Eric has built up a superb collec­ have to hand hoe but once the plants form a tion of plants over many years, but has not canopy nothing seems to affect them. They kept detailed breeding records. As a result, are not eaten by animals and because of the he was not able to tell me anything further shade, snakes and guinea fowl do not fre­ about this particular plant. quent the Clivia groves either. Eric is a quiet, unassuming person who, until We reap the seed crop in June and July 2003, declined to show his plants competi­ when it is red and ripe. I clean it well and the tively. In September that year, at show time, seed, which I haven't sold, I plant by spread­ the organisers had a massive problem; there ing thickly on soft soil and covering lightly just weren't enough entries to fill the show with old hay. This is undisturbed for about 2 benches - the miniata in the Cape Peninsula months. The germination at this stage is very had decided to flower late that year. good. The seed pops up through the hay and However, inland at Stellenbosch, Eric's I leave it in this form for 2 years as the small plants were in full flowering mode. He and plants don't like being transplanted. I have others were asked, almost at the last minute, also tried using fertilizer and kraal manure to provide plants for the vacant spaces on with very little response. As a result I now the benches. Being a good Clivia Club mem­ have a vast collection of mature plants grow­ ber, Eric agreed, but did not want his plants ing under evergreen trees - shade being their to be included for judging. He was eventual­ most important requirement. I was fortunate ly persuaded otherwise and, as they say, the to have a cluster of bamboos on the farm rest is history... and so I constructed extra shade shelters. Although they look untidy, they are very One of his plants was judged 'Reserve Champion', i.e., runner-up to the 'Best on effective. Show', and quite a few others were best or at Having started with no knowledge of what least amongst the top three in the classes lay ahead I owe the KwaZulu-Natal Clivia where they were "helping to fill the benches"! Club, Sean Chubb and Val Thurston a big 'thank you' for all that they have done for me Photo No. 3 over the years. Val inspects every flower in This is 'Tango', an Australian plant, from Bill my collection each spring and it was Val who Morris's bicolour breeding programme. Ken originally spotted and selected 'Chiffon' and Smith writes: 'Brocade', amongst others. My thanks go to Val for always preparing and showing these "It is not surprising that a Clivia like 'Tango' selected beauties on my behalf. Although I should emerge from Bill Morris's breeding still do not feed the pigeons I'm sure they work. Bill told me that he suspects that also admire my spring burst of glorious 'Tango' originated from orange plants but he clivias!" reserves final comment until further investi­ gation. 'Tango' flowered for the first time dur­ Photo No. 2 ing September 1999. It was re-potted the Orange miniata with posy-like umbel following year, which revealed some root damage, and, as a result of having to re­ Note the overlapping petals and tight umbel establish a root system, it failed to flower the

19 CLIVIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS Chairman: Chris Vlok, PO Box 99583, Garsfontein 0060, Tel H +27 12 998 5942, e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Lena van der Merwe, PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, Tel & Fax +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Chairman: John van der Linde, 1 Wheelan Str., Newlands, 7700 Tel & Fax +27 21 671 4535. e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Bossie de Kock, PO Box 38539, Garsfontein, 0042, Tel +27 12 998 3620, e-mail: [email protected] Office Bearer: Ken Smith, 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E- mail: [email protected]

REPRESENTATIVES OF CONSTITUENT CLIVIA CLUBS Cape: Claude Felbert, Felicity Weeden, Coen Calitz Eastern Province: Andre Calitz and Gideon Botha Northern: Lena van der Merwe, Peter Lambert, Bossie de Kock KwaZulu-Natal: Sean Chubb Free State: Hennie van der Mescht Garden Route: Gerrie Brits

REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS Tony Barnes. Ngamamaku, 1521 Surf Highway 45, R.D.4 New Plymouth, 4061 New Zealand. Tel. 64-6-752 7873. E-mail: [email protected] Ken Smith. 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E-mail: [email protected] Aart van Voorst. Frederick Hendriklaan 49, Hillegom, TE 2181, Netherlands. Tel: +31 252529679; email: [email protected] James Black. 8235 North 128th East Avenue, Owasso, Oklahoma 4055 USA. Tel (918) 272-4623. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Hamish Sloan, 40 Wendan Road, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 7AF, England, UK. Tel: 044 1635 47417; e-mail: [email protected]

OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

New Zealand Di Smith, 71 Taylor Road, Mangere Bridge, Auckland, New Zealand. Tel: (09) 634 6807 or 021 231 9200; e-mail: [email protected]

20 CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS

Cape Clivia Club: Joy Woodward (Secretary). PO Box 53219, Kenilworth, 7745. Tel (h) +27 21 671 7384, Tel (w) +27 21 799 8768, Fax +27 21 797 0002. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Eastern Province Willie le Roux (Chairperson) PO Box 19292, Linton Grange, Port Clivia Club: Elizabeth, 6015. Tel & Fax: +27 41 -360 3480. E-mail: [email protected] KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club: Sean Chubb (Chairperson). Thurlow Farm, PO Box 126, Eston, 3740. Tel & Fax: +27 31 781 1978. E-mail: [email protected] Northern Clivia Club: Lena van der Merwe (Secretary). PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040. Tel & Fax: +27 12 804 8892. E-mail: [email protected] Border Interest Group: Stella van Gass (Chairperson). 16 Greenan Street, Berea, East London, 5241. Tel +27 43 721 2964 Free State Clivia: Hennie van der Mescht, 18 Mettam Street, Fichardt Park, Bloemfontein, 9322. Tel. +27 51 522 9530. Fax: +27 51 436 4340. E-mail: [email protected] Garden Route Gerrie Brits (Chairperson). Tel: +27 44 8028420. Clivia Interest Group: Fax: +27 44 8707550. Cell: 082 7385 842. E-mail [email protected] Metro Group: Glynn Middlewick (Chairperson). 2 Willow Road, Northcliff, 2195. Tel +27 11 476 1463. E-mail: [email protected] Northern KZN: Hottie Fluman (Chairperson). PO Box 20244, Newcastle, 2940. Tel +27 34 3181327 or +27 82 290 6332. E-mail: [email protected] Waterberg Boslelieklub: An Jacobs. PO Box 3893, Nylstroom, 0510. Tel & Fax: +27 14 717 2674. E-mail: [email protected] Zoutpansberg: Anneke Stroebel (Secretary). PO Box 1712, Louis Trichardt, 0920. Tel +27 83 326 6073. Fax +27 15 516 5710. E-mail: [email protected] Lowveld interest group: Ian Radmore (Secretary). PO Box 1146, White River, 1240 Tel: +27 13 751 2051. E-mail: ian@nelvet1 .agric.za

EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER Roger Fisher. PO Box 856, Irene, 0062, Republic of South Africa. Tel: +27 83 602 7736 or +27 12 420 2550. Fax: +27 12 667 2406. E-mail: [email protected]

PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Cobus Roos. Tel +27 82 416 6178. E-mail: [email protected]

YEARBOOK EDITORIAL John van der Linde. 1 Wheelan Street, Newlands, 7700. Tel +27 21-671 4535. E-mail: [email protected]. 21 following season. Since then it has flowered Many of us have been excited by yellow each year. miniatas which opened with green throats, but which then disappointed as the green Several other bicolours have been produced faded away when the flowers matured. out of another breeding line, an [orange x Green throats that persist, and which recur yellow] x yellow breeding, and as they year after year, seem to be even rarer among flower, Bill puts them aside. Various crosses yellow clivias than they are amongst using these bicolours have been made with oranges, so this plant is really something 'Tango', and some of the resultant seedlings special. Trudie Otto, its owner, was thrilled are nearing flowering size, so the first flower­ when I phoned her to tell her that it was being ing is eagerly awaited, hopefully this coming featured in this Newsletter. She was so season. grateful to Tino Ferero who bred this plant My telephone call to Bill to ask about the ori­ from seed as part of his 'Yellow Green Girl' gins of 'Tango' certainly created a few ques­ programme and gave it to her for a birthday tions. Bill will be investigating the seedling present. Indeed, most of Trudie's clivias orig­ batches to see if there are any unpigmented inate from Tino. She says that he and his seedlings, which, Bill suggests, will point to wife Marita have been like parents to her. the presence of yellow in the background of Trudie exhibited it at the Northern Clivia Club 'Tango'. Show in the section for 'green-throated yel­ Bill thinks that 'Tango' may have been from a low miniatas', where it was judged the best similar group that produced a plant he refers in the section, but with a "second place" to as 'Allan's Special'. This is a wonderful, award, because the umbel was not suffi­ full-throated orange Clivia, typical of the ciently above the leaves. As I am sure you broad petal flower types that Bill selects for. will agree, its nevertheless pretty good, for I am sure that Bill will be looking over the a first-time flowerer. seedlings from the 'Tango' crosses a bit Tino tells me that it is an F1 sibling from his more closely now to determine if any unpig­ 'Yellow Green Girl' that was featured in the mented plants show up. A link to yellow in very first Clivia Yearbook. His experience is the background will certainly mean that that not all the offspring from seed have 'Tango' is worth crossing with the range of green throats, but that this characteristic is bicolours he has now. These few special carried over to about 50% of F1 siblings. Clivia are the basis of a group of stud plants Some have more prominent green throats that have the potential to create some out­ than the mother plant, and also retain this standing flowers. feature throughout. Joe Dana, in California The aim of this line of breeding is to increase also has one of these special plants of the range of colour, particularly if the outside Tino's. of the petals becomes darker than the inside. Trudie has pollinated her plant with pollen It just goes to show that if you raise enough from another green throated yellow, and seedlings you can get the variation that you plans to grow the resultant seedlings to want, so keep on sowing the seeds, because flowering stage, aiming to select those plants who knows what that first flowering of your that have inherited the highly sought after seedlings will produce?" persistent green throats. Photo No. 4 Photo No. 5 Yellow miniata with green throat Pierre and Isabelle de Coster, with Diné 22 Calitz in their highly efficient Clivia plants along overhead tracks and a hopper to Glasshouse in Melle, just outside Ghent, 50 fill the pots with sized holes to receive the kms Northwest of Brussels, Belgium - a standardized seedlings. Browsing around, memorable visit in April 2001. we were shown a rake-like tool which could pick up 12 pots at a time and deposit them Coen Calitz writes as follows: with a flick of the wrist; a movable conveyor "When, at an advanced age, my serious love belt to shift plants; simple templates to press affair with Clivia began, I discreetly asked holes in a standardised seed tray; a comput­ around about the people who really knew erised feeding and watering system with all what they were doing in the Clivia world. the input and output variables carefully Apart from the mysterious figures of measured and monitored and many more. Nakamura and Sahin, the name Pierre de Pierre must be the most naturally talented Coster was often mentioned. Ergonomist around. Now I understood why the two of them, plus one aged worker, I was elated to find two articles by him in my could market 200 000 flowering Clivia per first book on Clivia, the 1998 Yearbook. We year. devoured his articles, despairing of ever knowing enough, let alone growing clivias But what about the plants, you may ask? successfully. Twice in his article, Pierre Clivia have been grown in Ghent since the mentioned "mechanized" Being of profession middle 1800's. Over decades, through care­ an Ergonomist* and Industrial Psychologist ful selection, a standard, symmetrical minia­ and naturally lazy to boot, I had visions of a ta with lush dark green textured leaves and machine carefully, swiftly, precisely and lov­ large, bright flowers, marketable after two to ingly removing a plant, repotting it and mov­ four years, have been developed - the well- ing it along on a conveyor, with healthy, known 'Belgian Hybrid', which we probably glowing, flowering plants appearing at a all have in our collections. Yet, I was amazed hatch to be whisked off to their breathlessly to see amongst the remaining plants after waiting owners. their main marketing, many plants with beautiful and unusual features - green Well, the part of the machine was airy-fairy, throats, pastels, pinks, light greens, white but certain elements of it were true. All the hearts, polychromes, variegates, huge Old love, care and efficiency were there, but was Belgians, half sized miniatures and many done by only three sets of human hands. The others, all extremely desirable to me as a best organisation and the cleverest tools, beginner, but not popular amongst the con­ self-designed to remove some of the drudg­ servative regular buyers in Europe. The mar­ ery, aided them. We found a neat, kindly, ket for Yellows is very limited - there is only soft-spoken man with a shy smile and a live­ some demand at Easter, when all yellow ly, vivacious friendly woman carrying a red flowers are popular. At the 2002 Dutch notebook in which all the records of their flower auctions, on the list of pot plants, operations are kept. That they found time to Clivia are only ranked 103rd, with little fetch and return these ignorant strangers expansion potential (Knippels, P; IBSA from the guesthouse in Ghent, still amazes Bulletin No. 52, December 2003). me, since January to April is their busiest time. Another very obvious feature was how neat and clean the whole glasshouse was. You Some of the innovations designed and adapt­ could sit on the concrete floor in your white ed by Pierre can be seen in the background. slacks, not a leaf or root lying around. The You can see cantilevered pallets to move young plants, all sorted by size, stood in ser- 23 ried ranks, with all the leaves neatly pointing would be to cause hordes of rubbernecking in the same direction. Here and there a Clivia lovers to descend unannounced upon flower shyly peeped out - promises of great them. For the record, I posted a message on things to come. the enthusiast group's website and received personal invitations from 9 European grow­ Pierre sells large numbers of seeds, also to ers. Based on our time and itinerary, we growers in South Africa. I was very careful were able to visit 4. Thanks very much to not to ask for seeds, but as we left, was pre­ Dirk, Jaap and Aart, who all also went out of sented with several small envelopes contain­ their way to show us around. We learned a ing the seeds from the very same plants I lot from all of you and thoroughly enjoyed it. enthused about! They should flower this year When you come to the Cape, we will gladly and it is a great joy just to think of it. return the favours. Coen and Diné Calitz) Flavours of the season may vary, and unusu­ *(My old - and sexist, in today's terms - dic­ al shapes and colours may appear, but one tionary defines ergonomics as: the study of of the best Clivias is still the 'Belgian Hybrid', man or of individual men in relation to work­ proud heritage of the most efficient Clivia ing environment: adaptation of machines and grower and some of the nicest people we general conditions to fit the individual so that have ever met - treasures in the Clivia com­ he may work at maximum efficiency. But munity, they and their plants. what about working women?) (Personal note: The last obstruction I would John van der Linde. wish to place on Pierre's efficient operation

Some Clivias associated with Ammie exchange it for any plant of her choosing. Grobler But she would not part with it. He Ammie was fortunate in starting with habitat approached her son as intermediary. specimens of Clivias that are show stoppers Eventually she, with tears welling in her eyes, in their own right, such as 'King' and 'Queen'. returned the plant. In gratitude he gave it her Then there is his signature plant, also one of name. the habitat specimens of Oribi Gorge, never In setting his breeding programme, Ammie shown, although published in New spectrum decided to attempt to breed for shorter of Clivias - picture number 150, rather cir­ broad leaves whilst retaining the soccer-ball cumspectly termed "South African Clivia" - umbel for which the Oribi Gorge habitat form namely his 'Lady of Oribi'. Some of the culti- of C. miniata is renowned. To this end he vars derived from his breeding of Oribi bought in 'Coromandel robusta' varieties of Gorge (coded NOG = Natal Oribi Gorge) are Clivia miniata, derived from the stock of respectively 'Amersia', 'Tersia' and 'Carol'. He Belgium broad-leafed orange-reds brought enjoyed telling the story of 'Carol', a plant he in by Sidney Press's horticulturalist to his had sold from his nursery stock to a nearby nursery at his Coromandel Farm in the then neighbour. When he saw it in bloom he Eastern Transvaal Lowveld. Ammie's belief begged her to sell it back to him, or was that Clivias for the home should be

24 smaller plants with showy umbels. His brand variegated orange C. miniata was a perenni­ stock-plant was thus a short broad-leafed al winner in its class at the Northern Clivia variety with good clear open large orange Club Show. flowers on sturdy peduncles clear of the leaves. Surprisingly, although he bred and He selected from his breeding for extra sold these by the hundreds - if not thousands broad leafed multi-tepal bright orange-reds, - they were never named. The first pollen I which he marked 'HO' (Helder Oranje = was given was from such a plant, merely by Bright Clear Orange) or 'HO-R' (Helder way of experimentation. It has extremely Oranje-Rooi = Bright Clear Orange-Red) 'MP' (Multi Petal) and plants that had excep­ viable pollen and produces large fat berries. tional characteristics were labeled 'x3' or The only other plants that Ammie bought to 'Super (x3)'. These became mother plants in supplement his breeding stock were yel­ his breeding stock. His expectation was that lows, variegated and, more recently, Chinese the best of his breeding programme will be cultivars. Ammie's first yellow C. miniata seen at the 2006 Show when they will be in was a 'Giddy Yellow' given to him by an old bloom for the first time. school friend, Joe Gevea. In order to acquire more yellows he traveled across the country His last venture was the importation and sale - in association with Andre van Ryn - of to visit growers. At the time of Ammie's death he had bred an F2 generation of his Chinese Clivia cultivars. Select specimens 'Giddy Yellow', which produced about eighty from these formed a new addition to his expansive collection - Monks, Light of percent green-based seedlings. He was par­ ticularly proud of this achievement. Although Buddas, Darumas and Sparrows. he visited the Giddy home, Cynthia was not Plants from Ammie's breeding programme there at the time so he never made her per­ are spread nation-wide, and seed and pollen sonal acquaintance. He visited Emmie Wittig has been distributed across the globe. at Dalton, KwaZulu Natal, to acquire plants - Ammie's advice was for every grower to yellows and pastels. His breeding pro­ retain mother stock - particularly of unim­ gramme produced the so-called 'Wittig proved and unhybridised forms - as a gene Gemeng' [Wittig Mixed] - yellow taken to bank for the future. pastel producing green-based seedlings, with results still expected. 'Watkins' Yellow' Tersia kept the bulk of the mother plants and was acquired from the "oubaas" (old chap) collectables, although she has been obliged and used to produce his first variegated yel­ to reduce their numbers, and sell some on to lows, which have yet to bloom. On my last other breeders and collectors. Joubert van visit - one of, sadly, too few - Ammie spoke Wyk, who will - in all likelihood - be showing of the conservationists reporting yellows in specimens at the 2006 show, bought the the Oribi Nature Reserve, but their where­ rest of Ammie's nursery stock in its entirety. abouts are a well-guarded secret. Yet he Roger Fisher must, by then, have known that he had cracked the code, for in his collection was a Drainage slots in plastic pots tray of Oribi Gorge seedlings - all green I have found the advice by Willie le Roux based! regarding extra drainage slots on page 15 of His first variegated plants - three of them - newsletter 13 (4) summer 2004 very help­ were bought on a visit to Jim Holmes in the ful. However, I have found a masonry disk Cape in about 1997, which were plants of CS 24T - Superflex -115x6.4x22.2 that is Jim's own breeding programme. Ammie's now available, that does an excellent job 25 instead of using two discs to make the slots. I have used Natrasoap with great results but It does a fine job when using the 6,4mm have also made sure ants are kept under disk. I also found that three slots on all the control. available plastic pots (except the small ones) J Marten work very well. 17 Greenwattle Street I have experienced a difference in the Toowoomba smoothness of the cut, depending on where Queensland you start your cut. I prefer to start the cut on Australia the base of the pot with the angle grinder Thank you for your suggestion, Mrs. Marten. rotating towards the side whilst the pot is I have not heard of a Bug eater here in South kept upside down. The best results are Africa. We do have special blue lights which obtained when you keep the distance that the attract insects and moths. They are then disk moves into the plastic equal on the side burnt on the light filaments. However, a as well as the inside of the base of the pot. power source is needed to electrify the Tom Whitehorn apparatus, so it is not very feasible in a big 046-6224573 garden. Bug eater In her latest newsletter, Linda de Luca of Random Harvest suggests using a mixture I have read Newsletter Volume 14 No 1 and of Eucalyptus Oil and water and spraying it I was wondering if you people have access on Amaryllis leaves to deter moths from lay­ to a light called a "Bug Eater": It works by ing eggs. However she is not sure of the attracting moths which then fall into water strength of the mixture and will experiment with detergent added. This greatly reduces with different solutions before publishing the the Lily borer and any other destructive results. Too strong a mixture could burn the moths from which caterpillars emerge. In leaves. this country cluster caterpillars and many others are a pest. Editor.

Musings 2 - Breeder's Sorrow1 The odd thing about plant pollination is that it exposes one to one's greatest depths of My mother bloom'd! my father ripe'd. ignorance. I've noticed at Clivia Club meet­ Into the dangerous world I crept. ings that members show the greatest level of Helpless, fruited, looking proud; ignorance concerning the biology of plants. I Like a friend hid in a shroud. actually have no excuse for ignorance since I Struggling from my infant bond, have both first year University level biologi­ Striving against my swaddling strands, cal sciences and ecology, both of which I Bound and weary I thought apt passed comfortably well (unlike physics). To sulk, beyond my breeders grasp. The teaching of biology as a subject in this (William Blake, I am humbled by the debt!) eco-systemic era should be compulsory at schools, and the Clivia a mandatory model

26 plant in the curriculum. Can you imagine the hendible logic once you understand where membership this would engender if each organelles - in this case chloroplasts - come pupil were charged with minding their own from. plant, and the hybridisation opportunities if But try the theory that in order to increase pupils were doing crossings as part of their class work! the chance of multi- and/or polytepals you have a far greater success rate if you cross I only now in later life discover that, with onto a multi- and/or polytepal flower5 - even plants, there are three episodes of genetic if this is the only one on the umbel! This exchange in the making of a planting. smacks of pure Lamarckianism.6 And his theories are not favoured in the circles of 1. The gametes meet and unite to form the earnest geneticists. embryo 2. There is a parallel union of haploid cells to I recall reading Arthur Koestler's 'The case of form the supporting seed tissue the midwife toad' and putting credulity on 3. In the formation of the seedling the moth­ hold. It's obviously a read I need to revisit. er donates a range of organelles, each with their own genetic identity The other recent piece of information I have is that the male Y chromosome was pro­ Now some of this is old hat. We all know that duced some three million years ago and then the father fertilises the mother and the result had three thousand odd genes but has now is, amongst all other things, us human been reduced to eighty since it has no sexu­ beings. But it is news to me that, in plants, al technique of genetic replenishment. this is a double fertilisation.2 Apparently a failure of fertilisation is more often than not So my addled brain is full of questions, some a failure of the supporting fertilisation for the of them probably trivial to the knowledge­ formation of the nutrients in the seed. able. Is there really a Lamarckian aspect in plant - and perhaps even animal - inheri­ And then there is the genetics of the support­ tance, namely that acquired characteristics ing cell organelles of the gamete. These all are inheritable? derive from the mother. And each has its own genetic identity - free of sexual repro­ And if variegation is the consequence of a duction. The theory is that all organelles dysfunctional chloroplast should it be were once bacteria which have now come encouraged? into such a unified symbiosis so as to create Roger Fisher cells.3 The apple cart that this concerted effort of bacterial symbiosis upset is 1 A parody on 'Infant Sorrow in 'Songs of Experience' Mendelian inheritance. I was raised on sim­ in Bronowski, J. 1973. William Blake. ple Mendelianism - put a pure red pea to a Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p54. pure white pea and you'll get pure pink pea. 2 Robbertse, H & Swanevelder, ZH. 2001. Clivia Put pink to red or white and you'll get reds or pollen: function and structure. In: Winter, J, Dower, whites and pinks in equal measure; to pink M & Felbert, C (Eds). Clivia Three. Kirstenbosch: and you'll get one of the classic Mendelian Clivia Society, pp 13-15; Robbertse, H. 2001. The colour distributions. In Clivias this is the split Clivia pistil: structure and function. In: Winter, J, orange colour inheritance pattern. Dower, M & Felbert, C (Eds). Clivia Three. Kirstenbosch: Clivia Society, pp 16-19. Well things are not that simple. If you wish to 3 Mendel, Gregor Johan (1822-84), an Austrian monk perpetuate variegation it's to mother plants who discovered and formulated the basic statistical you must go.4 This still has a compre- laws which describe inheritance of characteristics.

27 His work was neglected in his own lifetime but redis­ Kirstenbosch: Clivia Society pp 57-59. covered in 1900. 6 Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monnet, 4 See Chapter 11 'Variegated Clivias' in Koopowitz, Chevalier de (1744 -1829), a French biologist and Harold. 2002. Clivias. Portland: Timber Press; founder of a theory of evolution where any sustained Smith, Kenneth R. 2004. Maternal inheritance: some change in the conditions of life change the habits of observations about variegated Clivia. In: Van der creatures which in turn change their structures, Linde, J, Dixon, R & Felbert, C. Clivia 6. which then become inheritable characteristics. It is Kirstenbosch: Clivia Society pp 30-32. claimed that this theory is demonstrated by experi­ 5 Sasaki, Shingetaka. 2004. Multipetal breeding. In: ment to be untenable. He coined the term 'biology'. Van der Linde, J, Dixon, R & Felbert, C. Clivia 6.

Persistent stigma three fused leaves (carpels) round the reduced stem. The tips of these carpels are I have a broad leaf Belgium Hybrid type mini­ drawn out into threads and fused to form the ata that is bearing seed. It flowered on a style, and at the very end of the style the short peduncle. I have observed that what three leaves separate again to form the three must have originally been the stigma of the branches of the stigma. It appears that, for flower is now protruding at the front of the some or other reason, the growing tip of the berry. I assume that the seed pods have floral stem did not stop growing, eventually developed around the stigma after fertilisa­ branched, and then bore more flowers. The tion and have now formed part of the berry. structure on your photos is therefore not a I have seen this happen on several of my style, but a continuation of the floral axis. other plants. The difference is that in the present case the stigma has developed with Dr. Piet Vorster the berry and has not fallen off as they usu­ Stellenbosch, South Africa ally do. The stigmas are now firmly attached to the berries and have a natural green colour, giv­ ing the impression that it has formed and developed naturally with the berries. The protruding stigmas are about 28 - 30mm in length. This occurrence is only visible on a few of the berries. I would like to know whether or not this is a normal occurrence. Tom Whitehorn Tel: 046-6224573 Answer: All plants consist of three organs only, namely root, stem, and leaf; and all structures originate from one or more of Offshoot or seedling? these organs. A flower is a short stem with How do judges differentiate between an off­ limited longitudinal growth (it’s growing tip shoot (sucker) and a seedling plant, when becomes inactive), and a definite number of plants are entered as "seedlings - flowering modified leaves. In Clivia the ovary (which for the first time" at shows? after fertilization forms the fruit) consists of

28 Tom Whitehorn meeting I attended. (Charl Coetzee had the plant on display). Answer: The judges rely on the honesty of members. Only if there was a challenge Tom Whitehorn would they, and the Club, take any action. Answer: We enjoy variegation at a macro­ John van der Linde. scopic level, but it is determined microscop­ Cape Town, South Africa ically, with a Clivia leaf cell being perhaps 0.01 mm in size. Most of the seedling's Browning at tips of leaves genes will be on the 22 chromosomes in the Is it correct to say that the slight browning at nucleus (half from each parent) but some the tip of leaves of Clivias originating from are in the cytoplasm which is contributed by KwaZulu Natal is a common occurrence? If the berry parent only. According to Ben so, what is the reason? Zonneveld of Leiden University, although those genes that finally determine the pres­ Tom Whitehorn ence of chlorophyll appear to be in the cyto­ Answer: The majority of C. miniata plants plasm, there are many (perhaps 1 000) originated in KwaZulu-Natal and show no nuclear genes that also influence the devel­ signs of browning of the leaf tip. Therefore it opment of chloroplasts. is not a common occurrence. However, a For a seedling to develop variegation, its certain strain, 'Giddy's Yellow' or 'Natal ovum must have contained in its cytoplasm Yellow' (see discussion in Yearbook 7 on the a mix of chlorophyll functional and dysfunc­ controversy regarding the correct names of tional organelles, the tiny bodies that give these strains) usually show this phenome­ rise to chloroplasts, chromoplasts, mito­ non. The reason is not known. The dis­ chondria, etc. In regular variegation, the colouration looks similar to certain nutrient stripes down the length of the leaf arise from deficiencies. It appears as if even high adjoining chlorophyll dysfunctional cells in dosages of nutrients do not rectify this prob­ the meristem, which is the source of all new lem. Therefore this strain may contain a growth. mutation inhibiting the uptake of certain nutrients or it may be a mutation causing leaf The number of such adjacent cells will deter­ tips to die. Our lack of knowledge on Clivia is mine whether the stripe is wide enough to be staggering! visible and there must be many invisible stripes that are only one or a few cells wide. Prof Johan Spies The scape, inflorescence and finally the spe­ Departement Plantwetenskappe: Genetika cific seed that gave rise to our specific plant (62) can trace their origin back to a single cell in Universiteit van die Vrystaat the meristem. That single cell may have been Posbus 339 in line with an invisible stripe and so have the BLOEMFONTEIN 9300 necessary mix of chloroplasts for our SUID-AFRIKA Tel. +27 51 4012261 seedling to be variegated. Variegated suckers from non-variegated To confuse amateurs such as us, a final plants? curve ball is that with cell division the cyto­ We know that variegation is the result of plasm separates at random and not pre­ dividing cells. How can an ordinary Clivia dictably as do the chromosomes, so inheri­ miniata have a variegated sucker? Such a tance of variegation is unpredictable. Our plant was on display during the EP annual single cell may have chloroplasts that are all

29 green, albino or a mix of the two, and our instead of placing them directly on the soil plant will reflect that mix. surface? Similarly, the offset in question may have Tom Whitehorn arisen from a section of the meristem which has, invisible to the naked eye, a number a Answer: I would like to discuss "drainage aeration or capillary action" first: variegated cells. In our experience, the majority of seedlings a Aeration: This depends mainly on the from a variegated parent are not visually var­ sizes of pores in the growing medium. iegated and most of those green leaf plants Pore size depends on the particle size: probably end up as standard clivias, being large particles pack with large pores kept in the collection, sold or given away. between them, And in amongst them and their progeny there small particles pack with small pores and could be lurking the cytoplasmic genes a mixture of large and small particles which will give rise to the next show winner! results in close packing of particles and, Connie and James Abel depending on the ratio of large and small Pretoria, South Africa particles, a variety of pore sizes. Variegation in Clivia cyrtanthiflora? Air in the growing medium depends on the percentage of large pores present and is Why is variegation not seen in Cyrtanthiflora expressed as air-filled porosity (AFP). The -type Clivias? recommended AFP of a growing medium for Tom Whitehorn clivias is 20 % (volume percent). Answer: There is no scientific reason why b. Capillary action: It is a phenomenon cyrtanthiflora hybrids cannot have variega­ whereby water (liquid) overcomes gravity tion. I am not sure of the genetical basis of through the action of two forces - cohe­ variegation, but it looks as if it may be reces­ sion (water molecules glued together) and sive. This means that such a hybrid pro­ adhesion (water molecules glued onto the duced from a variegated Clivia miniata won't surface of the solid). The smaller the show variegation, but if that hybrid is self- diameter of the pore (capillary) the higher pollinated some of its seedlings should show the water will rise into the pores. Widening variegation. A reason why spontaneous var­ the pores by using larger particles results iegation in cyrtanthiflora hybrids appears to in less "free water" (water not used to be unknown, may be that it is by nature a "wet" the surface of the particle), rare phenomenon. There are many more because gravity pulls the free water plants of C. miniata than that of hybrids so down. The top will be drier than the bot­ that chances of spontaneous variegation in tom in the soil profile. hybrids is much less common. c. Drainage: An analogy between the drying of washing and drainage can be drawn: If Dr. Piet Vorster we observe a water saturated blanket Stellenbosch, South Africa pegged onto the washing line we will first Drainage from pots on different surfaces see water draining rapidly from the higher parts of the blanket and flowing freely Is there a difference affecting the drainage, from the lowest edge. The flow gradually aeration or capillary action when Clivia in lessens and finally stops. The top of the pots are placed on bricks or similar material blanket feels relatively dry while the bot­ tom is wetter. This is exactly what hap-

30 pens when we water a pot filled with a there is to a large extend a common sharing growing medium. The amount of water in the findings that the under mentioned retained by the growing medium depends issues plays an important role as far as on the distribution of large and small flower initiation and flower stalk elongation, pores in it. as well as the setback or retarding of flower­ ing are concerned:- If we use a dry towel (or blotting paper) and dip the one side into water we will notice that 1. Cold treatment, which differ from 14 the water moves up into the towel wetting it. days, 45 days and several months. This movement of the water is by capillary 2. The increase of the growing temperatures action in the small pores of the towel. How after the cold treatment high will the water rise? It depends on con­ 3. Supplementary lighting tinuous capillary pores. Any coarse layer 4. Drought stresses gives rise to large pores and less or no cap­ 5. Conducting optimal growing conditions illary action. 6. Nutrition 7. Promotion of healthy growth during the If the growing medium and the soil are in juvenile stages of the plant direct contact to form continuous pores 8. Exposing the Clivia to longer or shorter (capillaries) drainage from a pot placed on a days that is artificially created brick will differ from one directly placed on 9. Placing of the plant in a dark room to soil. A brick's surface, depending on the fir­ retard the flowering. ing temperature, will have more sealed pores on the surface resulting in little or no capil­ lary action. With the exception of point 9 which was Dr. Lena van der Merwe obtained as part of an annexure on preparing Pretoria, South Africa Clivia plants for show that was issued by the EPCC the rest of the above points were Conditions affecting flowering in Clivia obtained from the under mentioned year- books:- As an ordinary grower it appears that vari­ ous studies have been carried out in respect First Yearbook 1998 pages 13 to 17 of the flowering period of Clivia. It appears Yearbook three pages 30 to 35 that I either miss the most important aspects Yearbook five pages 42 to 47 as well as as I struggle year after year with plants that pages 69 to 71 either flower too early or too late for the Could someone e.g. an experienced grower annual show. or expert in the field please advise where the In at least two of the editorial comments in emphasis should be as well as the recom­ the Clivia society's newsletters, Vol. 12 No 4 mended feeding and time when the cold Summer 2003 and Vol 13 No 3 Spring 2004, treatment etc. should be carried out. has the effects of a mild winter and that of an I am personally of the opinion that one's own exceptional cold winter being describe in individual climate and other conditions play a relation to the influence that these had on the tremendous roll and that except where you flowering of Clivia. remove potential plants before the time and From the yearbooks one finds that various place them in an environment that could be studies have being conducted in respect of a controlled, that there is actually very little wide range of aspects, concerning Clivia, else, besides giving the correct nutrients, where the flowering of Clivia has to some that one could do. Plants that are kept in a extend been discussed. It would appear that

31 shade house can also be managed better to papers delivered. When our Chairman, Chris ensure better flowering. Vlok, discussed the reprinting of "Hints on growing Clivia" I volunteered to co-ordinate My own plants are kept under a tree with a the project of rewriting Hints. This lead to a canopy and apart from having a fierce prob­ new book - Cultivation of Clivia. This publica­ lem with the elements one have a big tion is available from your club, representa­ onslaught from pests that is not usually tive or from the Clivia Society. About all found in a shade house. Tom's concerns are addressed in this book Another question that will also have to be as quoted in the answers to follow: answered is the extent to which the move­ Questions 1 & 2: Do you have a commercial ment that had occurred on the ocean floor, interest to have masses of Clivia blooms prior to the Tsunami disaster, would have an ready for the market before anyone else? If effect on plant life in general, as it would to yes, then invest in cold treatment. But the some extend contribute to a worldwide ordinary Clivia enthusiast only wants his change in the atmosphere. I have observed selected pollen parent to flower before the various changes in other plants over the last seed parent. Section 5.2 explains how to couple of years in respect of their growth enhance and delay flowering: cycles and flowering time and is therefore also interesting to know whether changes in • Lower temperature to delay flowering the growth pattern and cycle of Clivia could and also be expected. • Increase temperature to enhance flow­ ering. The contents and scope of my questions is very wide and would perhaps have to be Questions 3,8 and 9: Supplementary lighting divided into more than one question, and has no effect on leaf number (section 8.1). would most likely have to be answered by The first flower bud is initiated after 12 to 13 more than one person in the various fields of leaves and subsequent flower buds after expertise. each four to five leaves. I am busy erecting a small shade house and Less light (section 8.7) - one to two hours - need the information to do a sensible trans­ ensures that the flower lasts longer especial­ fer of some of the plants from the canopy ly if the temperature is also low (12 °C)(Table under the tree to the shade house, as I would 8.2). only be able to move about half of the plants. At a suitable temperature Clivia will flower I anticipate an answer to my questions to normally immaterial of the length of daylight solve at least some of my problems in received per day. More important is the tem­ respect of the unusual flowering time of most perature difference between day and night of my plants. (section 8.3). Tom Whitehorn Question 4: There are some benefits of water 046 622 4573 stress as pointed out in section 10.2: Slight water stress may help to induce flowering, Answers: I was elected on the management but continued stress once the buds start committee of the NCC from January 2000 developing will reduce yields. responsible for the programme of events in the Club. As a trained scientist I realised the Questions 5, 6 & 7: Optimal growing condi­ need of writing up the information tions shorten the time from seedling to exchanged at the Club meetings and started mature flowering plant. These conditions to write notes and collect hard copies of the include growing medium (chapter 7), tem-

32 perature (chapter 8), nutrition (chapter 9), day or afternoon sun. Clivia planted in full watering (chapter 10) and a healthy plant sunshine usually look very unhappy. The (chapter 11). leaves and flowers become scorched and ugly. Those growing in full shade may look Erecting a shade house healthy but very often they do not flower. This topic was left out of the book — diffe­ Even if they receive no direct sunlight, for rent localities have different solar aspects example against a south-facing wall, they and with it different climates. The most should get some reflected light. Enthusiasts important factors for South Africa is should remember that Clivia only flower for about six to eight weeks of the year with a • enough shade - at least 50 % shade spectacular show in August, September and • good quality reflected light - red region October but they have little to offer for the or blue region of the spectrum depend­ rest of the year except for an occasional ing what result you are looking for Clivia which will flower out of season. • good ventilation as stagnant air or poor air movement creates ideal conditions Clivia should be grown in a frost-free area of for mealy bugs and scale the garden. Mature Clivia can tolerate light • not too humid and hot - conditions frost and damaged leaves can be removed favoured by many of the pathogens but small plants may not survive. Clivia grow and well in semi-shade or dappled shade. Select • do not keep the roots of the Clivia wet an area under a tree or shrub which provides - they only want to be damp. dappled shade or where it is shady for much of the day. Clivia are not averse to competi­ Buy Cultivation of Clivia - it is worth every tion with the roots of other plants. Ensure the cent or penny spent on it! area in which they are to be planted is well Dr. Lena van der Merwe composted and that there is adequate Pretoria, South Africa drainage. The root system of clivias is not very deep, so it is therefore not necessary Clivias in big gardens to prepare the ground too deeply. A spade's The many articles on various aspects of depth is adequate. Do not plant Clivia too Clivia cultivation are very interesting and I close together. A single Clivia plant will devel­ have learnt a lot from the last two newslet­ op many suckers and over the years will ters. grow into a big clump. Plant Clivia in groups as they show up to better advantage when I have a reasonably large garden with Clivias they are massed. A golden rule of gardening as the focal points. How about an article for is to plant in groups of uneven numbers - 3, us gardeners? 5, 7 9, etc. Once planted Clivia should remain in situ for many years, if not perma­ Ulrich Landman nently. If the clumps grow too big or they are Port Elizabeth, South Africa too close together they can be divided after Answer: When developing a Clivia garden the ten or so years. They may not flower for a most important point to keep in mind is the season or two after being divided and natural habitat in which they are found and to replanted. emulate this as far as possible. Clivia minia­ ta grow in groups on hillsides in relatively Trees provide shade and shelter against sun frost-free summer rainfall areas, under dap­ and frost to understory plants. Take note of pled shade with their roots in leaf mould and the trees that grow well in your area and where there is good drainage. They will tol­ which are drought and frost resistant. erate some morning sun but not strong mid­ Provide variety in colour, texture, shape and

33 foliage to make the garden look interesting. With a big garden it is impossible to control However, bear in mind the size of your gar­ infestations of Amaryllis caterpillar without den when planting trees. Deep rooting trees regular spraying with a contact insecticide. are better than surface rooting trees. (If only one or two plants are involved, regu­ Deciduous trees may not provide sufficient lar inspections and hand removal of the eggs shade for clivias when they are dormant. and worms would be sufficient). Between Evergreen trees, which are not too dense September and April spray all the Amaryllis and which allow sunlight to filter through species in the garden fortnightly with them, create the best canopy for Clivia. If Ripcord (active ingredient Cypermethrin). necessary, trim off untidy or low branches. Keep a few Crinum moorei unsprayed as indicator plants for the Amaryllis caterpillar. Caring for Clivia in a garden is not as compli­ Clivia should receive as much light and air as cated as caring for them in a shade house. possible around them to prevent Mealy bug When established a Clivia garden does not infestations. need excessive water or fertilizing. In sum­ mer rainfall areas there is sufficient precipi­ It is unlikely that any Clivia in a garden will be tation for plants to be healthy and to flower up to show standards. If one wants speci­ well. It is advisable to water Clivia more fre­ mens for showing, Clivia should be potted quently during periods of drought (perhaps and grown in a greenhouse or under shade once a fortnight), but they are good plants to cloth so that the leaves and flowers are not have in a water-wise garden. On the other damaged by rain, hail, falling twigs and hand they also thrive in gardens which have leaves. Other hazards are one’s pets and big irrigation systems. Where Clivia are grown in birds like Hadidas. A bonus for growing winter rainfall areas they should be watered Clivia outdoors is that the scapes do not have during the hot summer months. Most clivias to be staked. As they create the most mag­ thrive in the garden without the addition of nificent displays they are a must in any gar­ fertilizers, manure or compost. However, den. there will be better flower heads if they are given some nourishment. Meg Hart.

Late news. A year ago the Cape Club called for contributions to a supplementary Clivia Colour Chart they were planning to produce. To that end Roger Dixon of the Standards sub-committee requested the Clubs to measure the Clivia flower colours at their Shows with reference to the CCC Colour Chart and the RHS colour Chart but only one Club responded and no other suggestions were forthcoming. Quite apart from selecting colours, a very real problem is to record and transmit those colours accurately. The camera and computer do not always achieve this. Then the selected colours must be matched with print­ ing ink colours and the colours monitored and corrected as they are printed. Just before the Northern Hemisphere flowering season the Cape Club approached leading growers to match the peach flower colours in particular to printers ink colours but nothing came of this either. Given the success world wide of its first Colour Chart, the Cape Club is determined to pursue its supplemen­ tary Colour Chart project and has set money aside to do so. In a final effort to have as many Clivia growers as possible join in the selection of the colours, it is sourcing printers' ink colour charts which will be forward­ ed to as many Clubs/Societies as possible, depending on the number which can be obtained. They will be advised how to select colours from that chart and requested to forward their selections to the Cape Club which will make the final selection, based on popular demand and printing feasibility. They are also looking into expanding the number of colours considerably by using a chart folded into a con­ certina of 4-5 cm wide strips each with about 8 colours printed on each side with viewing holes. Please support this initiative (C Vlok)

34 Date Club/lnterest Group Venue Contact person Contact detail

4 June KwaZulu-Natal Kloof Baptist Church, Val Thurston 031-7635736 Gardenii show Abelia Road, Kloof Ken Rosling 031-7663952 20 Aug 2005 Waterberg Boslelie Mokopane Mall, Ernst Ferreira 015 491 6013 Interest Group Mokopane, (Potgietersrus) 25 - 28 Augustus Zoutpansberg Interest Dutch Reformed Zanette Wessels 084 5700 347 Group Church, 015-5177108 Soutpansberg, Louis Trichardt 27 Aug. 2005 Waterberg Boslelie Susan Strydom An Jacobs 014 717 3674 Interest Group School Hall, Modimolie, (Nylstroom) 3 -4 September 2005 Northern Clivia Club Hoerskool die Wilgers Christo Topham 082-4975879 (to be confirmed) (to be confirmed)

10th and 11 Metro Clivia Garden World Braam Opperman +27 11 476-2586 September Nursery on Beyers Adri Haxton 011 802-7985 Naude Drive in Muldersdrift.

10/11 September KwaZulu-Natal Royal Show Grounds, Val Thurston 031-7635736 Pietermaritzburg Sean Chubb 031-7811978

10 and 11 September Lowveld Clivia Hoerskool Bergvlam Jeanette de Witt 084 512 6898 Interest Group

17 September Northern KwaZulu- New Tech, Newcastle Hottie Human 034-3181327 Natal Dries Olivier 034-3182586

17 and 18 September Cape Clivia Club Bellville Civic Centre Johan Schoombee +27 21 91 90066 0836808780

24 and 25 September Eastern Province Verkenner School Andre Calitz 082 574 9058 Clivia Club Hall, Gideon Botha 083 463 5416 Port Elizabeth 24 September Free State Clivia Club Bloemfontein Primary Hennie vd Mescht 083 5119519 School 1 and 2 October Garden Route Clivia Outeniqua Primary Gerrie Britz 044-8028420 Club School, Corner of Cathedral and Mead Streets, George Joburg Clivia Club Clivia Society followed. I'd like to thank the Chairman of the Northern Clivia Club, Peter The Metro Interest Group has held four suc­ Lambert and the Secretary of the Society, cessful annual shows. Our last show at the Lena van der Merwe for the assistance in the Garden World Nursery attracted our largest transition to club status. number of spectators to date. We have had regular talks at our meetings held at the Our first representation as the Joburg Clivia home of Braam Opperman. Club, at the Gardenex exhibition held at the Coca Cola Dome, gave us an opportunity of At a Metro Clivia Interest Group meeting on advertising our September show as well as the 12th March, we decided to form an inde­ recruiting new members and developing pendent club. In addition to our independ­ contacts within the horticultural trade. ence we wished to be a constituent member of the Clivia Society. As the name Metro was As our membership has swelled we have not specific to the Johannesburg Metro, the moved the venue of our next meeting to the new name Joburg Clivia Club was introduced Garden World Nursery to accommodate the and accepted, as was the constitution. Mick numbers. The enthusiasm and support from Dower of the Cape Clivia Club assisted us the members has been encouraging and we with a draft of a constitution which met with hope to continue building the interest in our approval. clivias in the Johannesburg area in the forth­ coming years. Acceptance from the Northern Clivia Club, of which we were an Interest Group, and the Glynn Middlewick.

Advertisements. Tariffs for advertising in From the Clivia Society: the Clivia Society Newsletter: Overseas members can order back volume Smalls (1 to 6 lines): R25.00 copies of the yearbooks and newsletters (since Smalls (7 to 10 lines): R30.00 1992) via the society. South African members Quarter page: R70.00 should approach their local branches. We must point out that it is difficult to quote a fixed price Half page: R125.00 without knowing the method of payment and Full Page: R250.00 delivery. We suggest you contact Bossie de A5 separate page insert: R600.00 Kock (the treasurer) via e-mail at: A4 separate page insert: R800.00 [email protected] or by fax at +27 12 804 8892 and list the items you are (You will be sent an account from the treas­ interested in as well as the name of the coun- urer for the appropriate amount.)

36 try in which you reside. Bossie would then seedlings available from various Natal and be in a position to suggest the most eco- Transkei locations. Phone Andrew (039) 3135024 nomical option. Australian, UK, New Zealand a/h or cell 082 7845401. and USA members are reminded that they Clivia miniata: Creams, yellows, peaches, apri- can order via Ken Smith, Dr Hamish Sloan, cots, reds, pastels and polychromes. Seed, Di Smith and James Black respectively seedlings, mature plants and offsets of stock see centre pages for contact details. Also plants bred and selected over 25 years. Contact note that further discounts can be negotiated Bing Wiese, Pretoria tel/fax (012) 460 6382 to with Bossie for orders exceeding 10 of a view. specific item. The following items are avail- able: Thurlow Flora: We have on offer a large variety

Item Approximate price (US $)* Yearbook 6 15 Yearbook5 15 Yearbook 4 10 Yearbook3 10 Yearbook 2 10 Yearbook 1 out of stock Cultivation of Clivias 15 Volumes 1(1992) to 11 (2002) of newsletters 10 per volume Set of volumes 1 to 10 available on request International membership list - hard copy 2 International membership list - electronic format No charge * Including postage and banking charges if paid by credit card. Contact Bossie de Kock for quotation re payments made by cheque.

Private advertisements: of carefully bred seedlings and mature plants for Clivia species, interspecifics and specialities. sale. We specialize in pastel colours, oddities, Participate in our coordinated imports and species and original wild collected and named exports of seeds and plants - Asia, ANZ, N. Am. clones of Clivia. Mail order and visitors welcome. & Eu. Connie Abel, Pretoria, +27-12-3616406 or For our latest plant list please contact Sean and [email protected] Terri Chubb. Tel: 031 7811978 e-mail: [email protected] We also have available a few Yellow Nogqaza strains from R15 to R120. hundred different named daylily clones. Orange from R1 to R6 for mature plants. Delivery anywhere. SOUTH AFRICAN CLIVIA PLANTATION, Peach seedlings (three years old) at R75 per Box 855, Hilton 3245. Call 082- 955 5433. plant. Contact Rudo Lőtter on 072 777 0956 or via e-mail at [email protected]. Clivia miniata. Seed R100 per kilogram. Year old plants R2 each. Roly Strachan, Box 57, Highflats The collection of the late Jack Coetzer of 3306 or Tel. (039) 835 0085 evenings only. Mulbarton is for sale. Interested parties can con­ tact his widow (Dawn Coetzer) at tel +27 11 432 Swamp gardenii and miniata seed and 3003 (after hours).

37 Labeling pollinated flowers - Clivia-enthusiast vidual berries, so that the code is not lost if they e-group fall off during harvesting. I'm curious how others label the flower heads they I find this both simple and effective. have pollinated. I use flat plastic stakes to identify Mick Dower plants but haven't come up with a secure way of Cape Town labeling the flower heads that will last till the seed is mature. Looking for suggestions. I use twister seals in different colors to mark dif­ John Wilson ferent pollen donors. I keep an Excel program of San Francisco my plants with each plant assigned a number. They all have a hard plastic identification tag at the I haven't tried them but what about the little plas­ base of every plant. tic things that come on bread? I know I've seen a lot of colors on them. They have to be available One of the columns in my Excel program is devot­ somewhere. They would be compact. ed to current year pollinations. In 1014's data I will enter "red tag 3005 blue tag 1004" That means John Ingram in L.A., CA. that the red twisters are pods pollinated by plant www.floralarchitecture.com check it out 3005, the red twisters are pollinated by plant The ties are readily available at Home Depot, or 1004. Just an idea... Lowe's in the U.S. So I'd wonder if they're not Marilyn Paskert available at Wal-Mart's. On a sunny morning in the SF Bay Area Here is an inexpensive source for cable ties in the USA; Since I've been asked by several people, they http://www.buycableties.com/catalog/?cid=5 make twist ties in many colors. If you go to google and type in "twist ties" you will see what I The big "tails" can be cut off so they look neater. mean. The trick is trying to buy them in small Joe, your system sounds great but some of us quantities. Here is one link for plastic outdoor­ aren't dealing with 1000's of pollinated flowers. worthy ties. Just a hobbyist, http://www.uline.com/Browse_Listing_3151.asp Marilyn Paskert ?desc=Plastic+Colored+Ties+%2D+Precut Sam Mak If you purchase the 4" ties you can cut them in I use plastic straps or ties, whatever they are half and get twice as many. called that you feed one end into a slot on the Marilyn other end, they come in black, yellow, green, red, and white. zone 9 SF Bay Area Jerrie I also use the wire ties (Great idea Marilyn!!!) or different coloured flex (electrical solid core I use a sunfast pen to make first one stripe on the cable). I record each cross on separate plastic pedicel of the first flower pollinated and then write labels kept in the pot/ground at the base of the on the flower stem"/ = name of pollen plant'. Two plant. When the berries are harvested, seeds stripes are made on the pedicel of the flower on cleaned & sown these labels are placed in the which the next pollen is used and on the stem is container with the seed. written"// = name of pollen plant", and so on. As soon as the berries are big enough the number of Pen:) stripes on their pedicels are marked on the indi- Western Australia

38 I use plastic ties to put around each individual have over 170 distinct varieties of pollen in stor­ flower and record what color was used for what age and write the plant number key in ink on the cross. There are five different colors, you could flower stalk to designate what each flower was double up or use two different ones on the same pollinated with. Currently there are now over flower to give you more combinations. I suppose 1,800 distinct family group units and clones. you could even punch a hole in a plastic tag and When there are so many plants to work with, use these to hang the tag on the flower. there needs to be a simple efficient way to desig­ The worst is I don't know where to get them indi­ nate what is what, especially when hundreds of vidually, I get them at the auto supply store in an flowers need to be individually pollinated within, assortment of ties, and these are the smallest one lets say six or so hours, three times a week. After in the assortment. pollinating each individual flower on the umbel, I Jerrie Palotti then place a plastic bag loosely over the umbel of flowers. Let's all take our hats off for Mick Dower! Three reasons: I never could understand why placing twist ties in the pedicel would be any easier or efficient than (1) Keeps keep helpful minded pollinators away. using an indelible ink marker on the pedicel and (2) the overhead sprinklers from wetting the then writing a key to what you pollinated on the pollen and ruining it as well as washing off. flower stem. I do several crosses on each plant (3) Helps increase the flowers personal humidi­ mostly and have done as many as a dozen on a ty resulting in keeping the stigmatic fluid on single umbel. When there are too many lines, (I the tip of the stigma from drying out, result­ call them tics) it gets hard to count and then use ing in better seed set and harvest. an X, and after so many X's, I use O's. I know peo­ ple who use colored threads also and never found These are just my opinions and don't mean to any sense to it. tread on other very successful hybridizers. It's just how my mind works. Always trying to figure All clones and each family unit are assigned a out easier and hopefully better ways to do things. number. Each family unit member, which is dis­ Especially when there is so much to do! tinct enough to keep in the collection and not weeded out, is assigned an alphabetical subsec­ Joe Dana tion letter. Like 770-A, 770-B, 770-C. I currently

Many Clivia in Johannesburg flowered out of sea­ that I can ensure my Clivia flower on time for son in the middle of June. It has been a surpris­ shows. ingly mild winter up here on the highveld - no Lily Borer (Brithys pancratii). severe frosts yet. We had a severe hailstorm in Johannesburg on 24 April, with approximately 25 cm or 1 inch of hail. Could it not be the chill resulting from the hail causing them to flower, exactly six weeks after that hailstorm? A natural "cold treatment"? Is anyone willing to experiment with ice around their Clivia for 24 hours to see what happens? If it works, please let me know so

39 40 Connie and James Abel receiving their Honorary Life Membership Certificate from the chairperson of the Clivia Society.

Meg Hart, our newsletter editor for the past 10 years and the latest recipient of Honorary Life Membership

CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS

Cape Clivia Club: Joy Woodward (Secretary). PO Box 53219, Kenilwor th, 7745. Tel (h) +27 21 671 7384, Tel (w) +27 21 799 8768, Fa x +27 21 797 0002. E- mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Eastern Province Willie le Roux (Chairperson) PO Box 19292, Linton Grange, Por t Clivia Club: Elizabeth, 6015. Tel & Fa x: +27 41-360 3480. E-mail: [email protected] KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club: Sean Chubb (Chairperson). Thurlow Farm, PO Box 126, Eston, 3740. Tel & Fa x: +27 31 781 1978. E-mail: [email protected] Lena Nor thern Clivia Club: van der Merwe (Secretary). PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040. Tel & Fa x: +27 12 804 8892. E-mail: [email protected] Stella van Gass (Chairperson). 16 Greenan Street, Berea, East Border Interest Group: London, 5241. Tel +27 43 721 2964 Hennie van der Mescht, 18 Met tam Street, Fichardt Park, Free State Clivia: Bloemfontein, 9322. Tel. +27 51 522 9530. Fa x: +27 51 436 4340. E-mail: [email protected] Gerrie Brits (Chairperson). Tel: +27 44 8028420. Garden Route Fa x: +27 44 8707550. Cell: 082 7385 842. Clivia Club: E-mail [email protected] Joburg Clivia Club: Nor Glynn Middlewick (Chairperson). 2 Willow Road, Nor thcliff, 2195. Tel +27 11 476 1463. E-mail: [email protected] thern KZN: Hot tie Human (Chairperson). PO Box 20244, Newcastle, 2940. Tel +27 34 3181327 or +27 82 290 6332. E-mail: hot [email protected] Waterberg Boslelieklub: An Jacobs. PO Box 3893, Nylstroom, 0510. Tel & Fa x: +27 14 717 2674. E-mail: [email protected] Anneke Zoutpansberg: Stroebel (Secretary). PO Box 1712, Louis Trichardt, 0920. Tel +27 83 326 6073. Fa x +27 15 516 5710. E-mail: [email protected] Lowveld interest group: Ian Radmore (Secretary). PO Box 1146, White River, 1240 Tel: +27 13 751 2051. E-mail: [email protected]

EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER Roger Fisher. PO Box 856, Irene, 0062, Republic of South Africa. Tel: +27 83 602 7736 or +27 12 420 2550. Fa x: +27 12 667 2406. E-mail: [email protected]

PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Cobus Roos. Tel +27 82 416 6178. E-mail: [email protected]

YEARBOOK EDITORIAL John van der Linde. 1 Wheelan Street, Newlands, 7700. Tel +27 21-671 4535. E-mail: [email protected]. CLIVIA SOCIETY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Inside front cover CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS Inside back covrer EDITORIAL — Roger Fisher 2 CLIVIA PERSONALITY:AURIOL BATTEN — Roger Fisher 3 STORIES BEHIND THE PHOTOGRAPHS 5 CORRESPONDENCE 8 DNA - Food for thought 8 DNA perspective Chimps v Clivia 8 Clivia Habitat Collection in the Netherlands 8 Dear Ed [of NewZletter] 9 Bug Eater 2 10 Oribi Gorge habitat Clivias 10 Supplementary Colour Chart 11 Clivia neologisms 12 Breeding mutants 13 New South African Biodiversity Act 14 MUSINGS 3 15 BREEDER’S HINTS 16 CULTIVARS 18 CLIVIA CONFERENCE 2006 20 CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS 22 FOR SALE 23 BEGINNER'S LUCK 25 CLIVI-ARTA 26 THIRD CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION 27 CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAHIC COMPETITION ENTRY FORM 28

Views expressed in the newsletter are not necessarily those of the Committee and the Clivia Society.

1 Editorial When the Newsletter was conceived it was objectives. I shall concentrate on the aspects just that - a typed and photo-statted of engendering interest in the cultivation of news sheet distributed by mail to those inter- the Genus, its protection in the habitat, the ested. This fast became established in its preservation of genetic diversity through the booklet form, and over time took on an set ting up and curating of living collections, appearance of a booklet, eventually bound in a the recording of habitat forms, encouraging colour jacket. contributions by the membership of Clivias in nature and natural phenomena and events The newsletter aspect now seems to have been over taken by the web-based Clivia related to such observations, identification of interest group. Those newsworthy aspects aspects needing scientific research, dissem- which appeared in earlier copies such as list of ination of findings, particularly of projects name and contact numbers of new members funded by the Society, the development of a have disappeared over time as mem-bership category of Heritage Clivias - which is of burgeoned, as has full lists of show winners, particular interest to me - the broadening of etc. as these events have multi-plied. This the interested to younger as well as a more begs the question then "What is the newslet diverse and culturally representative groups, ter to be?" Many of the Clubs cir-culate their the recording of personal details of breeders own newsletters electronically, the latest and collectors who have laid the foundations being that of the Free State Clivia Club. I of the breeding material and specimens that request that that I as editor of the Society have become the stock of present-day col- Newsletter be added to your mailing list. The lectors and breeders. I shall foster and Yearbook, which seems to become more engender a spirit of recording and register- substantial and authoritative with each ing of cultivars through the auspices of the successive issue, seems to take on the Society. I shall also endeavour to travel and weighty issues and present current wisdom. It meet as many of the clubs, interest groups, also has the advantage of colour illustra-tion. shows and breeders as is humanly possible. At the moment the prohibitive cost of colour Through these connections I wish to set up a dictates that the newsletter be restricted network of Clivia friendly people and places to black and white. I will investigate having a to stay and visit. I shall try to keep my finger parallel annexure of web-based colour on the pulse of things botanical that have illustrations as a project for 2006. bearing on Clivias, their conservation and breeding. I am prepared to act as conduit for I would really appreciate hearing from the the dissemination of information to other members and readers as to what you believe organizations etc. that have shared or similar this publication should be. I have the rest of interests and concerns. I have an interest in this year (2005) to then think about it and language and its use and will endeavour to present ideas to the Secretariat of the use terminology correctly, create an enthusi- Society should we need to review and revise asm in others to do the same, and broaden the publication in 2006. the vocabulary and record specific mean- As incoming editor I have the following as ings of terminology used or to be used in Clivia circles.

2 Terwyl ek my nie as voldoende literêr in Musings which were accepted for publica- Afrikaans voorhou nie, beskou ek myself as tion by Meg Hart. Some of the reflections volkome tweetalig in die lees en praat van have been over taken by articles in Clivia 7. die taal. Ek is heeltemal bereid om korre- Our congratulations are ex tended to the edi- spondensie of bydraes in Afrikaans te ont- torial team of that publication. vang maar sal dit vir die breër leeserskap in ver taalde weergawe publiseer vir redes van I would like to include in future CS toeganklikheid. Newsletter comments on and any further observations that derive from these articles. This issue follows closely on the previous newsletter and there is not much by way of While I will miss the excitement of receiving contributions from the readership. my own copy of the Newsletter in the post to read afresh, there is an unexpected delight We do not seem to have much by way of of receiving hand-written correspondence Questions and Answers for this issue. by mail from the members, a mode of com- Perhaps the web-based Interest Group is munication I'd almost forgotten. These are catering to this need? Do the readers wish to included in the Correspondence section. see some of these repeated in hard copy here? Clivia greetings I have also taken the liberty of continuing my Roger Fisher Clivia personality: Auriol Batten

You may not have realized it, but if you've natural surrounds. Beauty Bush was a near- been around the Clivia world since the C. by haunt, a piece of natural bush with its mirabilis was announced you have made the own plant treasures. From here she harvested indirect acquaintance of Auriol Batten. The her first Clivia plant, which is still with her depiction of the plant that adorned the cover some seventy-odd years on. of Clivia Four (2002 Yearbook) was by her She matriculated with Art and Botany as hand. The representation had been used as a subjects. She wished to pursue both of these at full page illustration (Plate 2 ) accompanying university level, but could not simultane- the article in which the species was intro- ously have them both in her curriculum. Her duced and named by John Rourke in father had decreed that she be a teacher - the Bothalia, Vol. 32/1 of May 2002 (pp. 1-7). only career options for women at the time Auriol Ursula Bat ten (1918-, born Taylor) were either teaching or nursing - so it would grew up in Pietermaritzburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, seem that her artistic bent would of needs both her parents being keen plants persons have to be sacrificed. She chose to do a and gardeners, thus, from an early age, Bachelor's degree in Science majoring in imbuing her with a love of things horticultural Botany at the University of Natal. While she and botanical. As a child she explored her was not allowed to formally enroll for Ar t as a subject, the Professor of Ar t, Professor 3 Oxley was sympathetic and said she could painted, as well as three additional plates spend as much time as she liked in the and a reprint was arranged through the aus- classes as long as she did not alert the pices of the Botanical Society as 11th in their authorities to the fact. series of Wild Flower Guides, this then to the eastern Cape (2001). When her then Senior Lecturer (later Professor) A. W. Bayer discovered her abili- Her magnum opus is Flowers of southern ties as artist, he asked her to illustrate his Africa (1986) in which the Clivia species C. articles for publication. He in turn alerted Dr miniata is illustrated. She submitted a plate R. A. Dyer, then Chief Botanist in Pretoria, to of C. nobilis for publication in Botanical art in her talent. While there was not a post avail- South Africa. Peeling back the petals (2002). able, he approached the State for funding The illustration is still in her possession. She and a position was created for her. has a penchant for pencil drawing and uses this facility to create detailed representa- This was not to be. Her father did not consider tions of the habitat of the species as context this a suitable occupation for his daughter, for the colour representation of the plants, a particularly since the post was not secured. distinctive and distinguishing aspect of her She had instead to teach, something she did drawings. When William T. Stearn had his for five years, for the first two-and-a-half manuscript for Botanical Artists of the World in years at Estcourt High School. Her most press, he had the publishers reserve a illustrious pupil to matriculate from her plate and delay printing until he had located Biology Class was Darrel Powes, who Auriol Batten to obtain one of her illustrations became a leading naturalist in Zimbabwe. for the book, such was the regard he held for The War years found her having to make the importance of her work. The original rep- marriage arrangements to fit her future hus- resentations for Flowers of southern Africa band's military itinerary, he having to set sail she has generously donated to the South from Durban for the front. She advised her African nation, and they are conserved in the headmistress on the Thursday that she was archives of the Pretoria branch of the South marrying on the Saturday! She then moved African National Biodiversity Institute. Some to Durban, teaching at Parkview Primary and of these should be on view at the 2006 Clivia there af ter Durban Girls' High. Congress. Many other books on flowering In 1945 she moved from Natal to East genera carry her illustrations. London where the couple set up home in Auriol has also contributed illustrations to what was then a wilderness. She set about Flowering Plants of Africa and Curtis's creating a garden, a passion that has occu- Botanical Magazine as well as designing pied her for her entire life. She has a partic- seven sets of stamps for Philatelic Services ular proclivity for indigenous flora and has of the SA Post Office. Her sensitive pencil been party to illustrating many books on drawings illustrate Douglas Hey's autobio- South African plants. Her first was Wild flow- graphical account Water and wildlife (1977). ers of the eastern Cape (1966), a now very valuable piece of Africana. In that was illus- When I spoke with her she was in bed, hav- trated both C. nobilis and C. miniata (plate ing cracked her pelvis in a gardening 23), the illustrations are by her co-author, mishap. Hertha Barkelmann. Although one of the She says that her next project is to depict all series of paintings as illustrations for this six species of Clivia for herself. She told of book went missing after being loaned to the the secrecy surrounding the project when magazine, Farmer's Weekly, a duplicate was

4 she had, for three weeks, the specimen of C. a painting to take as a gift for friends in the mirabilis in her studio, and the suspense and United States, but baulked on hearing the excitement the project held. price. Auriol has only recently joined the Clivia "Don't you have seconds?" was asked Society through membership of the Eastern Province Club. She is an enthusiastic muse "I don't do seconds!" came the terse reply. The to and mentor of Allan Tait, recent contribu- voice is strong and the spirit feisty. tor of 'The Clivia at Mbashe' in Yearbook 7 (2005, pp. 47-48). While she does not breed We wish Auriol a speedy return to strength Clivia for sale of plants or seed, she has and many more productive years. helped the odd enthusiast with desirable She is one of South Africa's National material. Treasures. As an aside, just before my telephone con- versation, a neighbour had wished to acquire Roger Fisher Stories behind the photographs Photos no. 1 Clivia miniata 'Esmond Kevin is pleased that growers who have used Jones' his material to advantage are found in Japan, South Africa, New Zealand, and possibly also Always the show-stopper at Clivia shows in the USA, in addition to Australia. Toowoomba, Queensland, C. miniata 'Esmond Jones' is a beautiful dark peach Some of Kevin's crosses and selections Clivia. Peach Clivias are still extremely rare were featured in Yearbook Two, and his in Australia and anyone who has seen breeding experiences are contained in an 'Esmond Jones' will always remember it. article published in Herbertia (1988). Along with C. miniata 'Daphne Lodington', A common miniata was actually given to both plants were selected from Schenkel Kevin when he was still at school in 1950 by seed by Kevin Walters in the late 1980s. his paternal grandmother whom, he thinks, A pharmacist by profession, Kevin has many obtained it from her eldest son Joseph, who interests, theatre and Clivias being two of his was a noted Dahlia breeder and exhibitor. main ones. Anyone who browses through Subsequently, Kevin's first "exotic" Clivia the early newsletters of the Clivia Club (now seed was bought in 1964 from Goodwins in Society) will come across a number of let- Tasmania. He assumes that these were the ters written by Kevin in the early 1990s older style of Belgium hybrids which were where he discloses his interest in numerous big plants. Of the two seed (purchased for other plants, apart from Clivias. The $1), only one survived and although it grew Toowoomba area (about two hours west of and grew, it did not offset. After many Brisbane) in particular, and the whole of the years, it split into two. Using its pollen on Australia in general, owe much to Kevin's 'Aurea', Kevin produced 'Relly Williams', early interest, hybridization and populariza- 'Valerie Mar tin' and 'Valerie Mar tin Supreme' tion of this genus. Many Clivia enthusiasts in as well as a batch of lovely siblings which the area trace their special plants back to Kevin termed 'Toowoomba Hybrids'. Kevin, either directly or indirectly. In fact,

5 Kevin slowly built up his collection of Clivias es and old roses and he has lectured on making contact with other interested per- these plants, as well as acted as a judge at sons overseas and later in Australia. He shows in Australia, England and the USA. In at tributes a number of his special plants in fact, he was the first Australian to be invited his collection nowadays as coming from to judge at the Concorse dell'Iris in Florence. seed that he purchased from two German companies, Schenkel and Blossfeld. Even Helen Marriot today, Kevin and others are finding stunning Smith, K. (1999) 'Named cultivars of Clivia in flowers on their Clivias that originate from his Australia. Clivia Yearbook Two, plants or seed, including 'Miller's Pink'. pp.48-54. Many of the plants owned by Kevin and his Walters, K. (1988) 'Clivias'. Herbertia 44, 1, friends have been displayed at the pp.29-32. (Reprinted from Australian Toowoomba Clivia shows, held as a part of Garden Journal, 6/4 1987.) the Toowoomba Carnival of Flowers (the last full week in September) from 2001 to 2003. In Photo No. 2. 2004, these and other plants were shown either at the display organized by Jeanne This is Ian Brown's plant grown from seed Marten - a keen grower of Clivias - for the from the Appleblossom Complex. The colour of Toowoomba Hospice Association, or at the its flowers is as good as that of inaugural show of the Clivia Society of "Appleblossom". The story behind this plant Australia, held at the same time, at a local is an interesting one, and may help clear up nursery. Toowoomba, however, has been some confusion about "Appleblossom", the privileged to have had mini Clivia shows at plants forming the "Complex", and crosses Kevin's place of employment beginning derived from these plants. decades ago. In 1996 John Winter, then of the National 'Esmond Jones' is an incredibly beautiful Botanical Institute (now SANBI), was on a Clivia. Apparently, it waited "in the wings' for a plant collecting expedition in the Transkei, while and was not actually named until the looking for clivias for the Kirstenbosch col- early 1990s. Kevin classes it, however, as a lection of plants from the wild. He and his rather uncooperative parent in that it has helpers came across a population in flower. produced nothing of merit, in his estimation. Colours ranged from underlying pale yellow He says that the distinctive shape can be to darker yellow, all with a flush of pigments seen in its progeny but that the colour has ranging from a very light pink to darker not been duplicated so far. However, Kevin shades of pink. What came most to mind, has more crossings to flower in 2005 and when looking at that amazing scene in the subsequent years. Transkei habitat was apple blossoms. Seven plants, typical of the population, which has Like Dave Conway in California, Kevin has come to be known as the "Appleblossom named many of his plants after female rela- Complex", all with slightly different colours, tives and friends. Esmond is an unusual were collected and code named Q1, Q2, etc. name in Australia and because the plant is so One particular plant (Q2) had flowers that beautiful, many people think of her as a were so similar in colour to the blossoms of female. The real Esmond Jones is a male apple trees that it was called gardening friend of Kevin, who has an "Appleblossom." These plants were in full encyclopedia knowledge of plants. and glorious flower the following year and Esmond's main interests in horticulture have created such a sensation when displayed to been iris- 66 the public and clivia enthusiasts that the NBI September. Living opposite Allan Gibson (a decided to make seeds available for sale. Clivia Society member and another Clivia enthusiast), who has regularly entered and These plants had been cross-pollinated won prizes in the competition for his superb indiscriminately amongst themselves, possi- garden, Ian and Claire Anderson are garden bly even while being transported from the lovers and have displayed a few of their spe- Transkei down to Cape Town. So the seeds cial plants in their garage for a number of were simply sold as having come from "Area B". years during the Carnival period. For the past Some of us have flowered plants grown from four years, a special light peach has attracted that seed, with varying results. Ian Brown the attention of all the Clivia enthusiasts who seems to have been the first to have to have live in the area or who travel to been blessed with flowers as good as those Toowoomba for a feast of Clivias at this time. of the plant numbered Q2, Previously known as Clin's Peach, its name "Appleblossom" itself. Perhaps amongst his has now been changed to Anderson's Peach. seeds Ian had one or more resulting from a selfing of Q2? Ian purchased this plant as a seedling from a local market stall eight years ago, but little Subsequently, specific crosses were made did he imagine that it would turn into such a with various Group 1 yellows plants from beautiful plant. The photograph here is taken well-known breeding, such as "Kirstenbosch from above and shows the small peach tulip- Yellow". The KB yellow x Q5 cross has pro- shaped flowers with yellow in the throat. duced plants with very good umbels, but The multifloriferous nature of this plant can with orange flowers. Similar colours have be seen from the buds in the second flower come from a Nakamura Yellow x peduncle, both stems from the one plant. "Appleblossom" cross. These results, with Anderson's peach commenced flowering the crosses not reproducing similar pink four years ago and has produced one or two flushed flowers, suggest that plants in the Q flowering stems each year. Ian has kept a series may well produce "truer" results in record of its performance. He counted 18 terms of colour, when bred to Group 2 yel- flowers on the first and tallest peduncle in lows, like Natal, Dwesa and Giddy Yellow, 2004 (pictured here), which, following polli- and to various other pinks and pastels that nation, has produced 18 berries; interesting-ly, have been shown to be more "group 2-like" in the second stem had 34 flowers, of which 28 their breeding behaviour. berries have resulted. In recent years, the range of seed available A variety of special pollen has been used on has been widened to include: Q1 selfed, Q2 the plant to date and the outcomes are anx- selfed, Q3 x "Appleblossom (Q2)", Q5 x iously awaited. In 2003 Anderson's Peach Floradale Apricot, and others. We await the results from these seeds with interest. was crossed with a yellow from Kevin Walters and the seedlings have emerged with a slight pigmentation, though there John van der Linde seems to be a little variation in this pigmen- tation colouring. The plant is a very vigorous Photo no. 3: Anderson's Peach grower and numerous people are on a waiting Garden competitions and open gardens are a list for a future off-set. We hope it will main par t of the annual Toowoomba remain healthy for a long time. Carnival of Flowers, an impor tant national Helen Marriot flower festival held annually at the end of

77 Correspondence

DNA - Food for thought Mon Sep 5, 2005 2:13 pm [from Clivia enthusiasts e-group] I have of ten pondered just how much differ- ence there has to be in the DNA of a Clivia to Or perhaps that as far as Clivias go, the be recognised as a new species. It was all Splitters have got it right, and as far as the brought a little into perspective last week Chimps and Humans go, the Lumpers have when it was announced that the difference yet to get it right! Ed. between man and monkey is less than 1%. We are working with fine margins here. Food for thought, indeed! Clivia Habitat Collection in the Netherlands Ian Coates England Here in the Netherlands we only have a small Sun Sep 4, 2005 12:21 pm (from Clivia group of Clivia enthusiasts although hun- enthusiast e-group) dreds of thousands of Clivia miniata plants are produced for the European pot-plant market. These plants are produced from DNA perspective Chimps v Clivia seed, and strains are developed that flower Humans and chimp have about 4% that is within three years. Special material and equivalent to about 50 million bases differ- species other than miniata are not sold in the ence (C) depending how one looks. flower shops. However,the total amount in both is about 6-7 In the Netherlands Clivia miniata is very well pg per nucleus (2C). 1 picogram= pg is known, but is of ten as an old-fashioned plant about 10 to the ninth base-pairs or a billion that grandmother used to have. In winter we (or a milliard for Europeans) base-pairs. have temperatures below zero, so Clivia is Now looking at Clivia the variation between only kept as an indoor pot plant. In the old the 5 or so species is from 32 pg in C mirabilis days Clivia miniata had its special place in a to 40 pg in C miniata (see my article in room of the house that was minimally heat- Herbertia). This means that the difference in ed. So the plant got its cold and resting period base pairs is 8 pg or 8 billion base pairs. To in winter time and in February, when the say it otherwise, the difference between flower stalk appeared, the flowering Clivia both Clivia species is about 8000/2x50 = 80 was the pride of many a housewife. Times times larger than those between humans have changed and with most houses having a and chimps. This again stresses the close central heating system, it is difficult to give the proximity between humans and chimps! plants their low temperature resting period. This is one of the reasons that the interest in Clivia faded over the years. Ben J.M.Zonneveld Institute of Biology, Leiden Universit y, We Clivia maniacs in the Netherlands would Clusius lab very much like to promote growing Clivias Wassenaarse weg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The as a hobby. Mr. Geralt Joren is conservator Netherlands at the Hortus Botanicus of the Vrije Fa x: +31-71-5274999. min temp -10C Universiteit van Amsterdam (Free University (15F) of Amsterdam) and is also a member of the 88 Clivia Society . At the end of 2004 Gerald we know the exact habitat location where the received approval from his board of direc- material was collected. We can pay for the tors to go ahead and maintain a comprehen- transportation costs and phytosanitary cer- sive collection of Clivia plants from known tificates if needed. habitat locations in the wild. Maintaining So, if you have material to spare we would such a collection would give us a great greatly appreciate your help. opportunity to promote all the known Clivia species and form a good 'home-base' for a You can contact me at [email protected] or Dutch or European Clivia Society. While even better Geralt Joren at brainstorming about the possibilities of a [email protected] Clivia collection in the Netherlands, the main aims for star ting a collection soon came for- Thank you. ward. Just like many other plant species, Clivia species are under great pressure in the Aart van Voorst wild as a result of habitat destruction and the indiscriminate collection of plants for medic- Dear Ed [of NewZletter] inal purposes. Although Clivias have been I have just returned from my clivias and just under cultivation in Europe for many years feel the urge to share with you the tremen- there is no substantial botanical collection of dous excitement I feel as I have counted Clivia material from various habitat locations. In eight first-time flowering spikes on my our opinion it is of utmost urgency that we start miniatas. (A small number for sure, but I working on a substantial botanical collection haven't been at this caper for as long as of Clivia species in its various natural forms most). as it occurs in its natural habitat. If one looks at the international developments in the I was warned by Ken Smith at the beginning world regarding plant species, a Clivia of my clivia obsession that clivias were slow, collection in Europe would be of great but the sight of those first time spikes significance for safeguarding the genetic instantly makes the years of waiting worth the perseverance. diversity of the species. Apart from my clivias, I have a great interest in The Hortus Botanicus of the Vrije Universiteit horse racing and breeding. There is one old van Amsterdam would very much like to (and rather odd) saying with horse racing that take the initiative in set ting up and managing a comes to my mind - "No trainer with an specialised Clivia plant collection. untried two-year old in his stable has ever Maintaining, ensuring and safeguarding a committed suicide". Such is the joy and spirit gene bank of Clivia species from known pop- of expectation. And the expectation of ulations in habitat would be the main goals these first-time flowering clivias is really lifting of such a collection. We started by contacting my spirits. Of course, I realise that 95%of my the NBI in South Africa and we are very new flowers won't be anything special (just pleased that they are willing to help us. To like my racehorses) but that hope and dream start such a collection with the very limited for something really new and different, I find funds available we also need to call in the truly exhilarating. I really enjoy this "clivia help of our fellow enthusiast around the thing" that we do. world. We need plants or seeds from all the Clivia species. It is of great importance that Garry Murphie Sydney [Published in NewZlet ter Vol. 3.3 Spring 2005]

99 Bug Eater 2 icently but seem to be going over quickly, Dear Mrs Ryan or Mr Fisher particularly if pollinated. Still, those at the Enclosed a leaflet on the "Bug Eater". The 12 shows I have been to are magnificent. Volt is battery operated and it is weather Editor proof. Oribi Gorge habitat Clivias The Zapper is not weather proof and it wor- Dear Editor ried me in very dry weather. Moths seemed to fall on the ground and still on fire. On passing through the Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve recently we were surprised to see a I never turn mine off and I have four and in Clivia gardenii flowering amongst Clivia mini- summer flies are attracted and killed. Once ata. I thought there were only miniata to be emptied birds love to feed. found there (we have seen them flowering). The Clivias are flowering early this year due We stopped there for a moment to admire to warm weather. I hope to have enough to this erect proud standing specimen with have my showing at the Wilsonton Shopping beautiful orange-red flowers, green-tipped of Centre. Proceeds are donated to our course. Hospices. The farm we were going to visit is situated Thank you for your publication on the "Bug on the northern side of the Gorge and while Eater" as I personally regard it as the best there, were taken to admire some outstand- equipment I have ever purchased. ing viewpoints over the Gorge. But what we Regards admired nearly as much, or even more, were the profusion of flowering Clivia gardenii, Jeanne Mouton displaying big fat flowers. And growing right 17 Greenwat tle Street down the cliff face in full hot sunshine and Tawoomba finding purchase on nearly bare rock were QLD 4350 Clivia gardenii, some bearing flowers. Thank you for your correspondence and After that we visited 3-4 more stands of enclosed leaflet on the product. I presume indigenous bush and sure enough - all of the Zapper to be a product in competition them having loads of Clivia gardenii, some with the one you recommend. Since the one with flowers, with new berries and a large you prefer does not damage the insects it number non-flowering. would probably serve as a useful device for It made my day! those wishing to collect and study the insect life amongst their Clivia plants, before the Regards contents is fed to the birds! J[ennifer] du Plessis I have for warded your suggestion for [Fa xed 18 August 2005] Honourary Life Memebership [omitted from the published letter] to the secretariat of the South Africa is certainly fortunate to have Society who will do the necessary follow up. the genus Clivia as resource in the wild, not only to enjoy and admire, but to protect as It seems that the entire southern hemi- part of South Africa's vast but dwindling sphere has had an unusually mild winter and gene-pool of biodiversity. early onset of summer with only the briefest of spring. The Clivias have bloomed magnif- While in the past what you call Clivia gar- denii were just that, the form was recently 1010 cult to use in practice on clivia flowering given species status by Hammet et al (See now. Clivia 7, pp. 56-60, 'Clivia robusta - the "Swamp Clivia"). The distribution map pub- We have decided, therefore, to rather lished in Cultivation of Clivias (2005, cor- approach all clivia clubs and societies and rected with the errata stick-on circulated photographers (particularly those who par- with Clivia 7) shows the various pendulous ticipated so successfully in the photo com- species each restricted to their own area of petition held in conjunction with Clivia 7), to endemism, Oribi Gorge being within the send in photos of clivia showing the colours Pondoland Centre. Those you observed, that they would like to see on the new char t. If once termed the 'Swamp Clivia,' are now necessary comment should accompany the more correctly called Clivia robusta, photos stating what colour adjustments although the swamp conditions don't seem to should be made to the colour shown on the prevail on the sites you observed them. photo to reflect the desired colour, to the The Clivia miniata shares the geographical ex tent that the photo does not depict it accu- range of all the pendulous species except rately enough. that of C. mirabilis (See Hein Grebe's fasci- The photos must please be glossy prints and nating article In Clivia 7 - pp. 38-44, 'In photos of single flowers would be best, but search of Clivia mirabilis'). The species not essential. shows a great variety of forms, as dis- cussed by Allan Tait in Clivia 7, pp. 47-48, Everybody is also free to suggest any colour 'The Clivia at Mbashe'. Those of Oribi Gorge on any other colour chart, such as the RHS are particularly statuesque forms with large Chart, with the same comment for colour umbels, if those in the late Ammie Grobler's adjustment, if necessary. collection are anything to judge by, and They must be sent to: Mick Dower has recently flowered a yellow form, which may be a new breeding Group Mick Dower, for yellows. 4 Bishopscour t Drive, I hope observations like yours encourages Claremont, both the membership and our visitors to 7708 South Africa. travel around the land and enjoy its rich Those photos and references will then be diversity, and report observations to the used by us to select and adapt the printers Newsletter. ink colours to reflect the general consensus Editor. of what colours should be on the supplemen- Supplementary Colour Chart tary chart. Hi all, We have a very user friendly chart design in mind that could accommodate about 100 Claude Felbert and I have sourced a number colours. of printers ink charts to distribute to clivia clubs and societies to use for the identifica- Could we please hear from you by the end of tion of clivia flower colours to be used on the October. Supplementary Clivia Colour Chart to be Keep well, published by the Cape Clivia Club. We have Mick Dower. found, however, that they were all very diffi- Tue Aug 30, 2005 3:32 pm (from Clivia enthusiast e-group)

11 Clivia neologisms American Dictionary of the English Dear Roger Language (1969), with a useful appendix of Congratulations on your appointment as Indo-European roots Editor of the Newsletter. We could pause for reflection on all the other epithets in alphabetical order: Thank you for the very concise and succinct description of the genesis of a Clivia seed. I Caulescens - having a stem showing did Bot. 1 sixty years ago. I do not think they above ground [Latin caulis, stem], which knew all that stuff in those days. relates it to cauliflower, the flowering Your use of the term "Cliviating" set me think- stem, and through its Indo-European root ing. Have you ever noticed how many words kaul- to all coles (Afr. kool), i.e. cole slaw, that end in -ate start with con-. Could we all kohlrabi. be concliviators? Or might I perhaps be a Gardenii, after Major Garden. 'Garden' Clivia miniaturist? This thought sent me to derives from the full vugar Latin phrase my dictionary and I was surprised at what I hortus gardinus meaning an enclosed found. Miniature comes from Itallian "minia- garden, which relates it, through its Indo- ture" ar t of illuminating a manuscript, via European root gher-, to yard, girth, girdle medieval Latin from Latin "miniatus" past and orchard. part[iciple] of "miniare", to colour with minium. Mirabilis, meaning miraculous, from the The dictionaries description of minium is : Latin root mirari, to wonder at, from its noun. Archaic = red lead [Middle English Indo-European root smei-, allying it with from Latin "Minium" cinnabar, red lead]. words such as smirk or smile, as well as Cinnabar: a naturally occurring mercuric sul- mirage, mirror and admire. phide. Nobilis - which means noble, but derives from the Indo-European gno- meaning With kind regards know or known, which relates it to such Norman Harrington words, for example, gnome and prognosis. 1 Erica Ave Robusta, robust, from the Latin root Westridge robur, an oak and by analogy robus, the Somerset West strength [of an oak]. Its Indo-European 7130 root reudh- means ruddy or red and 24:08:05 relates it to words such as ruby and rubric, that being the title or initial letter of a manuscript, usually decorative and Thank you for your good wishes and compli- coloured red. ment.

Also, for your efforts in tracing the etymol- Which neatly returns us to minium, the red ogy of miniata, our thanks. Most growers lead used for painting these letters! probably know as much as is given in Koopowitz's 'Clivias' (2002), namely that For most of us growing Clivias is a horticul- "The epithet miniata refers to the red-lead tural activity, but without language we'd be colour of the flower " (p. 47), and since ety- doing it in isolation. I leave the etymology of mological dictionaries seem to have lost the word 'culture' for your own perusal and favour, that is as far as their knowledge enjoyment, but cycles and sickle moons are all goes. there! If anyone has insight into the ori- I have consulted my now ageing The 12 I would like to plead with everyone to please gins of the surname 'Clive' we could extend accept this one Scientific Fact, it is impossi- the list. ble for a mutation to produce normal off- I have split your letter into two. The rest is spring when selfed, I want to use the follow- dealt with under Hints to Growers. ing example with group 2 yellows, the Natal Yellow does not self pollinate, when crossed Breeding mutants with another group 2 yellow all the offspring Hallo, are yellow (IF YOU GET 5% ORANGE PLEASE ACCEPT THAT SOME I received the clivia yearbook 7 today, I OTHER POLLEN FLOATING ON THE would like to thank the editors and everyone WIND WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT who contributed in the way of photos and PERCENTAGE!!!! The Transkei yellow do self articles for yet another brilliant addition pollinate and pro-duce 100% yellow towards the education of clivia. offspring, it is also a group 2 yellow and I have not read all the articles yet, but one also produce a 100% yellow offspring when article stand out as a simple but yet brilliant crossed with Natal yellow. This is enough explanation of how to breed colour muta- proof that all known group 2 yellows are true tions, Sean Chubb's article 'Colour mutations breeding, there are too many breeders who and their breeding. Sean has managed to want to complicate things, if you get a mixed look past all the complicated stuff and came to result or anything less than the mendelic a simple but very effective conclusion, IN percentages, try to accept that human error ORDER TO BREED A MUTATION ONE and less than perfect conditions were NEEDS TO BREED WITH PLANTS WITH responsible for the strange results. THE SAME GENETIC BACKGROUND, too Let's please stop referring to a mutations as of ten I see people crossing Chubb's Peach "Not true breeding" or "this plant will give with a pastel, or a pink to a yellow, this will 18% orange when selfed" only result in a lot of orange flowering plants and in the long run the mutation will become In the case of at least 75% off all peach ( the lost. mutation and not the light oranges and pas- tels that some refer to as peach) clivia's Sean's approach is to first isolate the plant as these plants are split for yellow, I would like to far away from other plants as possible to name these single factor peach, meaning that prevent inadvertent pollination. Then to try they carry one gene for peach and one gene and self pollinate the colour mutation and to for yellow on the same locus, it also seems cross pollinate on to plants that might likely that one may be able to distinguish resemble this colour mutation. I would like to between a single factor peach and a double add if you do not have a similar looking plant factor peach (true breeding peach) by the the best alternative is to use some pollen on phenotype, the split plants are a light your best normal orange as well. If one can peach where the true peaches are darker in succeed to self pollinate the mutation, and colour. If a peach is crossed with another please note that I use the word mutation, all peach or on to a yellow clivia and the off- the offspring will be the same colour as the spring results in some yellows, then you parent, if the plant is not a mutation but a know that your peach plant is split for yellow, colour variation due to the combined result this does not mean that the peach mutation of multiple genes, the offspring will vary but a is not true breeding. certain percentage will resemble the parent. But let me get back to Sean's article, when

1313 you crossed the mutation and the offspring by a "Blanket" exemption permit for all the are all orange you know that all of those listed plants. Is the Clivia Society making any orange plants will carry the genetic makeup submission in this regard? of your mutation, by crossing the colour Regards mutation back on to the orange plants, you Philip Crous are star ting to line breed, the f2 generation Grahamstown (by e-mail 20 February 2005). will yield a percentage of plants that are the same as the original mutation, in the next generation you will be able to cross different clones of the same mutation and low and A new Act has been promulgated concerning behold the mutation is established as a pure the movement, propagation, ownership and strain in less than 10 years. growing of all plants. In the terms of this Act, permits are required to own, transport, trade in, Sean congratulations on your work with buy, receive, give, donate or accept as a gift colour mutations and for a brilliant article, any plant. There is provision made, however, everyone should read your article and use for exemptions for applying for permits. your methods. I am glad to read that you have managed to establish the Emmy I think you can see how serious this is and Wittig's strain, a pure breeding pink will be how it might impact on our members. brilliant. Groete I attached a photo of my own pink, also now going on to the third generation and feeling Hennie van der Mescht pretty confident that all the seedlings from (by e-mail 27 May 2005). these clones will be true breeding pink. Rudo Lot ter I have had telephonic conversation with per- Cyr tanthiflora Breeders C.C. sonnel at SANBI who advise that DEAT [email protected] required them urgently to prepare a list of threatened plants for submission, which they have done. Only Clivia mirabilis appears New South African Biodiversity Act on this list. The legislation is meant to be dovetailed with the various Provincial Acts. The two letters that follow were directed to the The genus Clivia currently appears on the Chairperson regarding the new South lists of two Provinces, Gauteng and African National Environmental Management Mpumalanga which implies that all species of Biodiversity Act No 10 of 2004 that was Clivia are already subject to permit control, meant to come into effect on 1 September even though none are endemic to 2005. - Editor Gauteng and only C. caulescens and C. The Biodiversity Act comes into effect on 1 miniata are endemic to Mpumalanga. The September 2005. Is there any clarity at this national list kicks in on 1 November 2005, stage regarding the manner in which the Act by when the Provinces are supposed to may influence the sale of Clivia hybrid seeds have streamlined their requirement. It all and plants? It appears that a separate permit sounds complicated and probably is. I will would be required for each plant sold/ trans- get clarity and do a follow-up feature. There is por ted as from 1/9/2005. an irony - if you wish to bulldoze a property and have been given EIA clearance then you The Nursery Industry is currently compiling a are free to do so - but if you wish to comprehensive list of plants to be covered remove specimens of plants you permit! - Editor 1414 need a Musings 3

The Proto Cliv'a forms, for example aloes, in having pendu- lous perianths with dangling anthers strategi- Cliv'a! Cliv'a! burning bright cally placed to pollinate beaks first and stig- In the forest of the night, mas later. They also have, trapped in the What immortal hand or eye Could base of the perianth tube, nectar to reward frame thy fath'mless symmetry? prodding beaks. It is only C. miniata that appears designed for insect pollination with In what distant deeps or skies its target-yellow centre and a chalice of per- Burnt the fire of thy eyes? fumed nectar to reward probing probosci. On what wings dare he aspire? Anthers are of ten - although not always - What the hand dare seize the fire? arranged in a basal row upturned and the stigma protruding beyond the perianth; also (again, not always) upturned to catch the (A parody on 'The Tiger' in 'Songs of pollen dusted by wings. Experience' in Bronowski, J. 1973. William Blake. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Now both birds and bees were there in the p49, with abject apologies to William Blake). world in which Clivias emerged. Birds were the survivors of the lizard-hipped dinosaurs The Clivia has become my living rosary for while the bird-hipped dinosaurs died out meditation. I count the tepals - "One tepal, after the Jurassic mass extinction - (this two tepal three tepal, … six, multitepal, may sound like Irish but it is merely the politepal". mish-mash that biologists get themselves Unfortunately my mind does not thereby find into when using comparative anatomy while that still voice at the centre but rather mean- coining clever terminology. And myths and ders the millennia and wonders at past misconceptions are more prevalent than plants. facts). And this is what it wonders. So what did the protoclivia look like? When flowering plants - Angiosperms - If insects were the first pollinators then they emerged and radiated somewhere in the must have looked more miniataish and later Cretaceous about 140 million years ago evolved into the tubular forms in order to what were the pollinators? Common wisdom switch the allegiance. That would then pre- would have it the insects. If one examines sume that the re-emergence of the trumpet charts of co-evolution between these two form is a throwback to an earlier appearance. It orders there are parallel developments. It also means that there is a genetic memory would appear that to-day the main pollinators of which allows for the re-appearance of all but one species of Clivia - namely C. extinct - and hence more primitive - forms. mirabilis, C. nobilis, C. robusta, C gardenii Roger Dixon's photographs in Clivia 7 (Odd and C. caulecens to put them in chronologi- umbels, p. 29) of freakish umbels which cal and then geographical order - are birds. seem to wish to revert to racemes as testi- That is assuming that one goes by flower mony to buried ancestral genetic memory. form and resemblance and proximity of If, however, birds were the early pollinators, these species to other such-like flower that implies a co-evolution of two emergent

1515 orders and that the switch to insect pollina- tors suggests some ecological disturbance olume 1. Pretoria: Gondwana alive society, in in the pat tern of co-evolution. particular the graphics of Pteridophytes and Vtheir evolution and interrelationships with Will we ever know? other global events (pp54-5) & 'Insect orders It does, however beg the question through time ' (p59); Gould, Stephen Jay (General Editor). 1993. The book of life. "What happens next?" London: Elbury Hutchinson, in particular 'The rise of flowering plants' (pp152-157) [I've used two sources, namely Anderson, and 'A new career for insect John M. (Editor). 2001 (1999). Towards pollinators' (p157).] Gondwana alive. Promoting biodiversity & stemming the Sixth Extincrion. 2nd Edition, Roger Fisher

Breeders hints

Peaches seem the flavour of the season progeny according to established fact. The amongst Clivia enthusiasts. It would seem following are good examples of group 1 that the hobbyist approach needs to be aug- peach: Chubb Peach, Lotter Peach and mented with at least some basic genetic Wittig Peach (not pink). knowledge. In Clivia 7 Johan Spies (Genetic variation in Clivia, pp. 6-11) has asked that There are exceptions. I have in my collection a any knowledge obtained from breeding pro- group 1 peach which is split for yellow grammes be shared. He offers to act as con- (Hermes) which produces both peach as duit. He can be contacted at well as yellow progeny when crossed to [email protected]. What he re- group 1 yellow. quires are a description and/or photo of the Group 2 peach is a term for any plant of a parent and offspring, the number of off- peach tone, that when bred to a true breed- spring with each trait, and the second gener- ing group 1 yellow, produces mostly pastels as ation of offspring with each trait. The direc- well as orange progeny. If split for yellow, one tions of the crosses should be supplied - Ed. should also receive a small percentage of yellows as well. Seems like plants of this category generally are plants which are pro- Peach colour inheritance duced with some amount of yellow in their This is Joe Dana from the suburbs of Los genetic background meaning they are mostly Angeles, California. split for yellow to a varying degree. I would not say that peach colored plants I wish there were a better term than group 2 referred as being of a group 2 nature which peach to describe this animal. Lets back- are discovered in the wild have yellow in track some and clarify group 1 first. their background for there have been found Basically group 1 peaches, when crossed to a naturally occurring populations of "peach" group 1 yellow, produces group 1 peach colored plants in the wild. The propagation of

1616 yellows for the most part is a fairly recent 1 Vic Daniels yellow with a green throat to a thing in a historical sense. Who has not been pastel Belgian Hybrid, then line bred to the guilty of crossing our oranges to yellows point of being somewhat stable. With that in since they became available to us for breed- mind, Victorian Peaches as example are ing. basically a diluted orange which is split to yellow to a varying degree. I would prefer to call plants which are referred to as group 2 peach as being more In a nut shell. I don't think Dickie needs to correctly, "diluted orange" or "pastel". apologize for anything to anybody for this puzzle does not really fit into a large com- I have previously called to abolish the use of partment. It is a grouping of small compart- group 2 peach in our vocabulary and refer to ments which can fit into a larger compart- them as being diluted oranges or pastels and ment. only refer to group 1 as example Chubb, Lotter and Wittig as being called "peach". I I think if we all get together and establish a received no response or encouragement. proper term for what is now called group 2 peach and star t using it on a regular basis, Spending time talking with Rudo Lotter dur- we will all be better off, we do have that ing the post conference tour in California power in the group. I have one vote for call- (March 28-31) (please note this date and ing what is called group 1 peach, being: correlate with Dickie's message) I had the Chubb, Lotter and Wittig peach, "peach" and pleasure of describing and showing photos all other plants of color "pastel" so long as from my album as well as showing him my they are not orange. collection of Clivia. After picking his brain for information and after much discussion, I sincerely hope not to make enemies or con- Rudo did agree that there does seem to be a tradict others statements or opinions. I am possibility of being two groups of peach but just trying to help clarify this puzzle so many the plants which would be considered as and not just a few can grasp this important being group 2 as far as I remember him say- concept. ing were merely different color tonalities of light orange. All who are sincerely interested in hybridiz- ing their Clivia to the best of their ability Rudo, please don't shoot me and if this is in should according to my opinion, try their any way inaccurate, please do correct me best to educate themselves regarding proper and set me straight. concepts of at least basic genetics. In my collection I have many pastel to peach Let's discuss this matter further! I want to toned plants like Tessa as example as well as hear of exceptions and anomalies. several from the Victorian Peach strain which seems like most are of a group 2 Joe Dana nature but not all, being that some individu- Fri Sep 9, 2005 5:52 am (from Clivia enthu- als, when crossed to a group 1 yellow pro- siasts e-group in response to Dickie's ques- duces both lightly pigmented as well as tion regarding the credibility of group 2 unpigmented leaf bases on juveniles. Some peach). individual Victorian Peaches will, when crossed to group 1 yellows, produce strongly Peach colour inheritance pigmented leaf bases on juveniles. Victorian Peaches were developed accord- There seems to be much confusion about ing to my understanding by crossing a group

1717 Group 2 plants and especially group 2 miniata from the habitat, Clivia 7, pp 67-74 Peaches. for clarity on these forms -Ed]. If a Peach is to be classified as group 2 it should produce In order for a plant to qualify to belong to a 100% unpigmented seedlings when crossed group ie: 1or 2 it has to meet this very simple with one of the Group 2 yellows above. criteria and only this criteria. That is when the plant in Question is Crossed with a I hope this adds some clarity. known Group 2 plant it produces 100% unpigmented, that is it breeds true. The most Best regards common group 2 yellows are Natal Sean Chubb Yellow[Giddy], Cynthias Best and Dwesa yel- Wed Aug 31, 2005 5:59 pm (from Clivia low [See Fred van Niekerk 'Yellow Clivia enthusiasts e-group) Cultivars

[This is delved from the archives of the Clivia dynamic and overall get ting better). Take enthusiasts e-group but the observation your pick. seem to be pertinent to current debate. It is planned that this column be a regular feature 2) There are two domains of plant classifica- by Ken Smith as Registrar of Cultivars for the tion and naming with different categories Clivia Society - Ed] and rules, and different (though overlap- ping) sets of customers - botanical taxon- omy (with naming governed by the Names of Clivia varieties - Alistair on the International code of botanical nomencla- Clivia Enthusiasts e-group ture) which deals primarily with plants in 'nature' for biologists, and cultivated plant I advise growers to chuck out as much of the taxonomy (with naming governed by the botanical nomenclature as possible and use international code for the nomenclature of cultivar nomenclature instead! cultivated plants), which deals with plants 1 There are no universal definitions of any developed in or through cultivation. taxonomic rank. What is a genus?What is Because cultivated plants are ultimately a species? What is a variety?What is a derived from wild plants, the classification of form? are questions with no direct cultivated plants is influenced by botanical answer [See Johan Spies, 'What's in a classification, which is where some of the name', Clivia 7, pp 32-34]. It depends tangles derive from for people whose main on the group of plants, the taxonomist interest is in cultivated plants. concerned, the sorts and amount of To add further to the tangle, historically information he, she or they have access to, many plants were first botanically named how it is interpreted and what the clas- as species on the basis of their cultivated sification is for. This is neither a good nor a forms which may in fact be of hybrid origin bad thing: its just the way things are! or otherwise unrepresentative of the wild However, this reality can be viewed neg- species to which they may belong (e.g. atively (@#$%^& hell, it's all unstable and Citrus fruit). botanists can't make up their minds) or 3) Species and subspecies are botanical positively (plant classification is classification concepts (referring on the 1818 whole to things in 'nature'), whereas vari- Take Clivia miniata var. citrina. What does eties and forms have been used in both the var. mean? is var. citrina IN THE WILD botanical and horticultural nomenclature geographically separated from the rest of and are an incredible nuisance! miniata or is it in a mixed population? Is it Subspecies are generally segregated ecologically different? Or is it just a yel- from their species on the basis of relatively low-flowered mutant with no botanical slight differences confined to a particular significance beyond that. If the latter, natural geographic range of the species there seems no necessity for recognising it concerned. So the concept of a sub- as a botanical variety. species usually has a geographic element. Apart from anything else, according to Some people who want simplified sys- the rules of botanical nomenclature, if you tems of classification argue that if plants recognise a variety (or subspecies, or from a particular par t of the range are forma) within a species, then everything slightly different in a number of respects, else has to be at least one variety (or sub- then just treat them as different species. species or forma) as well, so if you have 4 Variety is used in at least four different var. or forma citrina, you at least have to ways! a) as a substitute for geographic recognise var. or forma miniata for all the subspecies, b) for distinctive variants non-yellow things. Is that acceptable, within populations (i.e. with no or weak considering the natural colour variation of geographic definition), c) for ecological the wild non-yellows? Or does this lead variants (e.g. swamp-dwelling forms logically to the recognition of dozens of where the rest of the species has some colour varieties/formae in the wild? Could other habitat preference) and d) for vari- be hellishly messy! ants in cultivation (e.g. double-flowered 7 This problem doesn't arise if the horticult- mutants - var. flore-pleno). What a pain! ural community, REGARDLESS OF Forms, in the botanical sense of formae, WHAT BOTANISTS EVENTUALLY DO, are usually used for plants differing in a abandons botanical recognition of var. or single particular feature (e.g. forma var- forma citrina and instead gives it a culti-var iegata, forma alba, forma glabra (hairless) name under the rules of nomenclature for etc.), either in the wild or in cultivation. So cultivated plants. This system is set up for just they are equivalent to varieties in exam- this kind of situation. It could be better to ples b) and d) above! call it Clivia miniata 'Citrina' (though there 5 In a botanical sense forms, and varieties is no need to use citrina, as the variety name used in the same sense as forms, are has no priority in the different naming pretty meaningless. We can just say the systems). However, if the citrina clone (if the species varies with regard to feature x or original could be identified still) already has a y, and not attach annoying names to the REGISTERED cultivar name, that registered plants with those features. [So in my ta x- name would have priority. [Cultivars of onomic work (on tropical Asian Aroids) I perennial plants are nearly always clones of have not recognised any of the endless course, so it would be a bit dubious calling all varieties and forms which have been used yellow seedlings cultivar 'Citrina']. To be in the past, as they are all to do with being made official, a standard (preserved variegated and things like that. I leave to specimen and/or illustration, if I remember the growers the recognition of outstand- correctly) has to be deposited and the name ing clones as cultivars]. registered with an Internatinal 6 However, for hor ticultural purposes these Registration Authority [is there one for features may be very impor tant indeed. 1919 Clivia? [yes - Ed] If not, maybe one should everything else into another grouping as be set up given all the development that is you do with dividing up species into lower going on], along with a description giving ranking botanical groups. the clone's distinguishing features. This is 9 Cultivars of complex parentage, such as the mechanism for stabilising the naming Rudo's fabulous back-crossed cyrtanthi- of Clivia in cultivation. floras: here's another opportunity for 8 Cultivar names can be grouped into offi- avoiding entanglement with botanical cial groupings. For example the yellow nomenclature: If you wanted to be botan- cultivars could be placed in the Yellow ical with, for example, hybrid offspring of a Group or Citrina Group, or whatever name was cross between Clivia miniata var. citrina chosen. The Belgian Hybrid types could and Clivia x cyrtanthiflora, I shudder to be placed in a Belgian Hybrid Group. think of the potential complexity. The sim- The Cyrtanthiflora hybrids could be placed plest solution would be to name a chosen in a Cyrtanthiflora Group. Cup-flowered back-crossed cyrtanthiflora hybrid clone cultivars could be placed in a Cup-flowered Clivia 'Rudo's Favourite' (or something!) Group. Red-flowered culti-vars could be (i.e. you abandon any species or latinised placed in a Red Group and so on. The hybrid name), and indicate its form by beauty of cultivated plant nomenclature is placing it in a Cyrtanthiflora Group of cul- that cultivars can be placed in more than tivars (or, again, whatever name you one group, as the groups are defined by chose for the group). In the process of whatever qualities you choose to specify registering it, its parentage could be according to properties of the cultivars you recorded, but you would not need to value, so the same cultivar might be listed attempt to reflect its parentage in its under the Red, Belgian and Cup-flowered botanical name, as it doesn't have one Groups. You can also have some cultivars other than the generic name Clivia. that aren't in a group at all, so by set ting up one (or more)group(s), you're not forcing Alistair [surname not provided]

Clivia conference 2006

"Good heavens," I thought "if this is what Places of interest to visit for the 2006 they can pick, what do the rest look like?" International Clivia Conference Andrew Hankey, who curates the collection, Walter Sisulu National Biodiversity introduced himself. He graduated as a Horticulturist in 1990 from the then Natal Institute Technikon. He started as an assistant horti- When arriving at reception of the Offices of culturalist at the Johannesburg City Parks the Walter Sisulu National Biodiversity Division. He is at present busy with his MSc Institute, the first thing I noticed was a vase where his field of research is the introduc- with two umbels of Clivias, one orange, the tion of threatened species into new habitats. other yellow - a full head of large wide He has been at the Sisulu botanical gardens tepalled blooms.

20 since 1993 when it was still the crossed, spontaneously produce a percent- Witwatersrand National Botanical Garden age of variegated seedlings. where he is the Specialist Horticulturist and the Assistant Curator. He brought his enthu- Foliage variegation is another of his breeding siasm for the genus Clivia with him. He had programmes since it is the foliage in particular been part of the founding meeting in 1992 of of the Clivia that he appreciates. Again it was what has become the Clivia Society, his per- Nakamura material that set this going. He has as recently as 2003 added Chinese sonal interest star ting in about 1990. cultivars/hybrids to the collection, as yet still What he started with was with what material young plants. His young plants are in heat- was available - then Coromandel as a treated green-houses to force growth and broadish leafed red-orange variety and what shorten the wait until flowering from four to he calls 'Wilds Yellow', a wild yellow form three years. cultivated in the Wilds, Johannesburg. From He plans to keep breeding interspecifics as this cross came what he has given a breed- central to the programme, using the full ing handle name of 'Stricta' because of their range of species. upright leaves. The selected forms of these are now mother material, allowed to multiply in Andrew says: "Clivia, being a flagship South large pots and being in demand as centre African plant, the South African growers pieces at floral exhibits, at present part of should be developing and supplying superior the Chelsea display in a local garden centre. stock of cultivars to the international mar- The other crosses he has made are inter- ket." specifics with C. nobilis taken to C. miniata, which has produced a preponderance of C. He continues: miniata leaf form. He has taken 'Kirstenbosch "There's no need to try and start all over Yellow' to F1 plants of this crossing and they again and set ourselves back twenty years have sported spontaneous yellows. He has or more." Hence his acquisition and use of taken the best Stricta to Wilds Yellow and overseas cultivars and hybrids. then back-crossed these to Stricta again thereby acquiring predominantly yellow "We've started a new age of breeding", he progeny. adds. He is breeding flowers in the pastel and yel- But Andrew is reluctant to sell off stock and low range for flower form and colour as well tries to hold back as much as possible, as good plant structure and leaf form. preferably until it has bloomed. He does sell on behalf of the Institute at the annual Metro Another of the hybridization programmes he Show, and ploughs the monies back into is busy with is improved yellows from some housing and maintaining the collection. Vico progeny acquired as seedlings from Amongst the blooms are spectacular reds. Welland Cowley, termed Vico 1, 2, 3 etc - And planted out under the trees a breathtak- numbered in order of desirability and to dis- ing display of reds swapped in the early days tinguish them from Vico mother plants - for from the Huddle Park City Nursery. Yet these breeding with progeny back-crossed to do not have as great an appeal for Andrew mother material. He also purchased as, being red colour blind, he cannot readily Nakamura seeds at R2 each way back when distinguish flower from leaf, particularly at a Nick Primich started importing these. He has distance. But despite - perhaps because of - noticed that the Nakamura multipetal plants he has raised from these seeds, when this constraint he has produced for the

21 Walter Sisulu Botanical Gardens an excep- ed in Johannesburg it is all within easy tional collection of superior hybrids. As flowers reach, and just thirty minutes down the N14 from the collection come into bloom in spring from Pretoria/Tshwane. they are moved to the Visitors Centre in And, by the way, the yellow in the vase was the gardens for public display. picked by an over-enthusiastic secretary, This visit should definitely be on your itiner- and to his dismay, the bloom lost to his ary for the 2006 Conference. It is just min- breeding programme, for this year at least. utes from Garden Centre where the Metro Club hold their show, so if you're being host- Roger Fisher

Clivia clubs and interest groups

Retirement of Keith Hammet as NZ Clivia Announced in NewZlet ter Volume 3.3 Spring Club Chairman 2005 It is with much regret that the Committee have accepted Keith Hammett's retirement Clivia fairs in Tokyo as Chairman. Keith has been an encourage- Two leading garden centres in Japan - ment and support to the Club and its mem- Sakaka no tane in Yokohama and bers since inauguration. While Chairman, he Daiichiengei in central Tokyo - hosted impor- identified and named C. Robusta, convinced tant displays of magnificent clivias breed or DoC that they were delusional when they grown by Yoshikazu Nakamura and published 'clivia is considered a weed' and Shigetaka Sasaki in the latter half of March, many other achievements. Keith is currently 2005. Designed as a means of introducing working hard to ensure that all species of new developments in clivia breeding to the Clivia are included in the 'ERMA approved list Japanese public, these displays, coupled of plants'. Alas, all is not lost, Keith has with sales, contained a magnificent sample accepted nomination to the position of of Nakamura hybrids, variegates, multi- Patron of our Club and also Technical tepals, interspecifics and other forms. Good Advisor. The entire Commit tee will be nomi- sales were reported at the Yokohama store nating Keith for both of these positions. The in hime darumas and variegates. positions will be created at the AGM in October. We are very fortunate to have a Despite the high recognition awarded to supportive membership base. Ian Baldick Yoshikazu Nakamura within the international has accepted a nomination as Chairman. We clivia world, in Japan his efforts in clivia are sure that the Club can only head in a breeding are largely unknown to general more positive and fulfilled direction with members of the public. Given that clivias in such an energetic and enthusiastic person at Japan are entirely grown in pots, commer- the helm. We encourage you to at tend the cial breeders now focus upon shorter leafed AGM on Saturday 8 October at 5pm. daruma forms, since these plants need to be

22 wintered inside over the cold months (of ten in breeding that has been occurring in Japan smallish residences). and overseas. These recent small "clivia fairs" thus represent an important start in the Yoshikazu Nakamura's breeding with Vico spread of new kinds of clivias in Japan. yellow now spans two decades, and owners of plants raised from his seed in many countries Helen Marriot marvel at the flowers that are still emerging from his interspecifics, multi- tepals, akebonos and other variegates, in Eastern Province Interspecific Show addition to interesting miniata flowers, A show of interspecifics and an open meet- including bi- and tri-colour flowers, and ing was held by the Club on the afternoon 23 stripped petals. July 2005. Shigetaka Sasaki got to know Mr Nakamura Due to ex tensive publicity via National radio about 5 or 6 years ago and since then has and Regional newspapers we had a large been rapidly building up his own clivia col- crowd at tending and taking part in the judg- lection, with a special emphasis on inter- ing of the 27 excellent quality interspecifics specifics. He is also a regular conference on show. Welland Cowley's yellow "moon- presenter and Yearbook contributor on the drops" was awarded the Best on Show with topic of clivias in Japan. He displayed a my double-headed light orange mingard as number of his interspecifics at the recent runner-up. Tokyo "clivia fairs" and reports that a third garden centre has requested him to put on A bonus for the visitors was a very informa- another display in April this year. tive talk and CD show of magnificent inter- specific's by Rudo Lötter who paid a visit to Although it appears that Chinese growers of our Region. clivias have mobilized themselves and are engaging in extensive promotion and mar- Plant sellers reported quite a healthy sale of keting of their plants, both on a national and interspecifics - indeed an indication that international scale, this has not happened to these crosses are becoming well liked by date in Japan. As a result, even Japanese members as well as the public. garden and plant lovers are probably largely Willie & Cynthia Le Roux unaware of the new developments in clivia Tel: 041-360 3480

For Sale Advertisements. Tariffs for advertising in A5 separate page insert: R600.00 the Clivia Society Newsletter: A4 separate page insert: R800.00 Smalls (1 to 6 lines): R25.00 (You will be sent an account from the treas- Smalls (7 to 10 lines): R30.00 urer for the appropriate amount.) Quarter page: R70.00 From the Clivia Society: Half page: R125.00 Full Page: R250.00 Overseas members can order back volume

23 copies of the yearbooks and newsletters (since be in a position to suggest the most eco­ 1992) via the society. South African members nomical option. Australian, UK, New Zealand should approach their local branches. We must and USA members are reminded that they point out that it is difficult to quote a fixed price can order via Ken Smith, Dr Hamish Sloan, without knowing the method of payment and Di Smith and James Black respectively — delivery. We suggest you contact Bossie de see inside front cover for contact details. Kock (the treasurer) via e-mail at: Also note that further discounts can be nego­ [email protected] or by fax at tiated with Bossie for orders exceeding 10 of +27 12 804 8892 and list the items you are a specific item. The following items are interested in as well as the name of the coun­ available: try in which you reside. Bossie would then

Item Approximate price (US $)* Yearbook 7 15 Yearbook 6 15 Yearbook 5 15 Yearbook 4 10 Yearbook 3 10 Yearbook 2 10 Yearbook 1 out of stock Cultivation of Clivias 15 Volumes 1(1992) to 11 (2002) of newsletters price per volume 10 Set of volumes 1 to 10 available on request International membership list - hard copy 2 International membership list - electronic format No charge * Including postage and banking charges if paid by credit card. Contact Bossie de Kock for quotation re payments made by cheque.

Private advertisements: Clivia species, interspecifics and specialities. Clivia miniata: Creams, yellows, peaches, apri­ Participate in our coordinated imports and cots, reds, pastels and polychromes. Seed, exports of seeds and plants - Asia, ANZ, N. Am. seedlings, mature plants and offsets of stock & Eu. Connie Abel, Pretoria, +27-12-3616406 or plants bred and selected over 25 years. Contact [email protected] Bing Wiese, Pretoria tel/fax (012) 460 6382 to Yellow Nogqaza strains from R15 to R120. view. Orange from R1 to R6 for mature plants. Delivery Thurlow Flora: We have on offer a large variety anywhere. SOUTH AFRICAN CLIVIA PLANTATION, of carefully bred seedlings and mature plants for Box 855, Hilton 3245. Call 082- 955 5433. sale. We specialize in pastel colours, oddities, Clivia miniata. Seed R100 per kilogram. Year old species and original wild collected and named plants R2 each. Roly Strachan, Box 57, Highflats clones of clivia. Mail order and visitors welcome. 3306 or Tel. (039) 835 0085 evenings only. For our latest plant list please contact Sean and Terri Chubb. Tel: 031 7811978 e-mail: Swamp gardenii and miniata seed and [email protected]. We also have available a few seedlings available from various Natal and Transkei locations. Phone Andrew (039) 3135024 hundred different named daylily clones. a/h or cell 082 7845401.

24 Firstly, some growing tips from the late Ammie Borne" range called "Vita Fruit & Flower 3:1:5 Grobler, recorded by Albert Venter on a visit dur­ (18) SR" [18% active ingredient slow release fer­ ing mid-2004. My thanks to Lena van der Merwe tilizer, 3/9 nitrogen (N); 1/9 phosphorus (P); 5/9 for supplying the generic compositions of the potassium (K)] trade names of ingredients, (see also Table 11.3 in Cultivation of Clivias, pp.66-69) — Ed Ammie's regime for pushing umbels

Ammie's preferred growing medium mix For flowering sized plants and plants with 'stuck' umbels 3 x bags of Clivia mix [a composted coarse mix] 1 x bag composted pine bark In spring (from 15 July [southern hemisphere] or 1 x bag composted old horse manure when umbel appears), fertilize with Calmabon 1 x bag composted pig manure (13.2 % nitrogen, 13.3 % potassium, 2,6 % mag­ nesium, 0.02289 % boron and 0.02275 % molib- denum). Ammie's method for transplanting seedlings The suppliers Hygrotech give this mix Remove seedlings once endosperm has shriveled CALMABON & NITROSPRAY / -CANE PLUS [actually absorbed as feed by the plantling] APPLICATION RATES Lay in shade for one day. Mixture: Soak for a few hours in Kickstart solution to 7 ml Nitrocane plus / Nitrospray plus per 1 reduce the shock of transplanting. litre water (70 ml per 10 litre) 4 ml Calmabon per 1 litre water (40 ml per Prepare seedling growing medium by soaking it 10 litre) in disinfectant solution, for example Condy's 0.375ml Nu film P [a cyanoacrylate - a wet­ Crystals [Potassium permanganate], Captan ting and sticking agent] per 1 litre water [active ingredient dicarboximide - a broad spec­ (3.75 ml per 10 litre water) trum fungicide particularly for pythium] or Bravo [a broad spectrum fungicide particularly for rust Thus: and leaf die-back]. 11.375 ml chemical compound per 1 litre water. Plant seedling. [For stuck umbels I would use this regime judi­ Water again after ten days, and regularly there­ ciously since I have experienced plant rot after. because of the consequent high sugar content of plants after treatment which encourages the Ammie's fertilizing regime Erwinia carotovora bacterium, causing bacterial soft rot (see Laing, M. 2000. Bacterial soft rot of General: Clivias. In Dower et al (eds.) Clivia Yearbook 2, Five cups "Hyperfeed" [16.4 % nitrogen, 5.5 % pp. 64-66). I have found that re-potting of plants phosphorus, 27.4 % potassium and micro ele­ with a good soaking in a gibberellic acid-bearing ments zinc, copper, iron, manganese, boron and additive does the trick in pushing a reluctant molibdenum] on 20 litres of water, hosed onto umbel, also relocating the plant to an area of plants, also an organic fertilizer from the "Tall- greater indirect light intensity — Editor], 25 Norman Harrington's method for labeling the a poultry incubation kit as advertised in one of the pedicels of pollinated flowers farmers' periodicals - you don't need those with I fashion little pull-through labels from [plastic] an expensive mercury switch since a thermostat milk sachets when pollinating. I use a pair of with dial is fine for clivias, do a trial run and mon­ tweezers through the slit to pull the label through. itor the thermometer to calibrate the settings on Make sure to wash the greasiness off the bag the dial. You should be running in the mid 20 °C I before using it. put it into an electrical box with the probe protrud­ ing and placed it in the top freezer section, with a Norman Harrington's method for protecting pol­ hole drilled from there into the fridge compart­ linated stigmas from further pollination ment big enough through which to pass the probe. Be careful not to damage the fine lead from I make little round covers for the stigma to apply probe to thermoswitch and leave it coiled and after pollinating. I cut light-weight aluminium foil sealed inside the electrical box. Use a cheap into about 15x15mm squares and wrap them hairdryer as heating device, as suggested in an around the tip of a clout nail and squeeze one end earlier Newsletter. It works - mine is now a Little closed. After pollinating I carefully slip the tube Shop of Horrors with seedlings' roots crawling over the stigma and gently pinch the open end out the door! If I ever get this newsletter done I around the style. I call them my prophylactic may get them planted out and the next batch sheaths! going. A seed propagator from a refrigerator carcass — Roger Fisher Use the carcass of an old refrigerator and obtain

Clivi-arta by Helen Sanders of Whangarei, NZ, email addres: [email protected]

26 THIRD CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION WIN SEED WITH YOUR CLIVIA PHOTOS The Clivia Society announces the third Clivia Society Photographic Competition. It is open to all and the object is to encourage clivia enthusiasts to submit photographs from around the world. We would particularly like photos of plants that flower outside of the Clivia Show dates and therefore are not seen by many people. We intend that this will be an annual event that brings entries of photographs of attractive, as well as some unusual, Clivia flowers and plants. Prominent space will be allocated in the Yearbook to all category winners as well as other entries. The name of the photographer and grower will be publicized along with any other relevant information. There will be prizes for winners as shown below. The best photograph will be selected from all entries and will then not be eligible to win other categories. Prizes will be a selection of some of the rarest and most sought-after seed and/or seedlings to the value shown below and will be awarded next year when we know what is available. The habitat section, by definition, is only open to photographs taken in the Clivia endemic areas of Southern Africa. Categories are as follows: Best Photograph : R300 Pendulous Species Section : R100 Best Interspecific : R100 Best Habitat Picture : R100 Single Flower any species : R100 The conditions and rules of entry are: 1 The completed attached entry form must accompany submissions. 2 All entries are welcome, but due to publishing deadlines must be received by the end of April 2006, to be eligible. 3 Entries are limited to six per class per person. 4 Photographs may be mailed to: Clivia Photographic Competition, P O Box 53219, Kenilworth. 7745. Cape Town. South Africa. Or emailed to: [email protected] 5 Photos must be submitted in one of the following formats: i A print in portrait or landscape at least 10 x 14 cm but no larger than 14x18 cm. ii A plastic mounted 35mm slide or larger format not mounted. iii On CD-R where the image is recorded in a tiff or jpeg format. The pixel size should be a min­ imum of 1600 x1200 pixels as that should give a printable picture of approximately 14x10cm. The resolution of the image would be preferred at 300 dpi or greater but don’t let a lower re­ solution stop you from entering. iv Photographs must be on their own and not embedded in another program, eg MS Word. v An email in jpeg format at 72 dpi with picture size 10x14 cm. N.B. The type of submission in v. above must be available on a CD as all emailed photos that reach the final selection of 12, or on request, will have to be submitted to the specifications in iii. above to remain eligible. No scanned pictures to be submitted by email. 6 If you wish your photographs returned after the competition then you should include a suitably addressed envelope. (S.A. Entrants must include a stamp). 7 The decision of the panel of judges and the Yearbook Editorial Board on the winners of the compe­ tition is final and no correspondence will be entered into.

27 CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAHIC COMPETITION ENTRY FORM NAME OF ENTRANT:

ADDRESS & CONTACT DETAILS:......

PHONE: AND/OR EMAIL: NAME OF PHOTOGRAPHER:______DATE PHOTO TAKEN: NAME OF GROWER: ENTRY NUMBER (1 to 6): CATEGORY ENTERED: X relevant box | MINIATA | SINGLEFLOWER ANY PENDULOUS SPECIES NOT AN INTERSPECIFIC | INTERSPECIFIC HABITAT TYPE OF SUBMISSION: X relevant box I PRINT ISLIDE I CD-R I EMAIL

______OPTIONAL ENTRY DETAILS______REGISTERED PLANT NAME: NAME OF BREEDER: PARENTAGE OF PLANT: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PLANT:......

SUGGESTED PHOTO CAPTION: PHOTOGRAPHIC DETAILS: CAMERA TYPE:______FILM DETAILS OR DIGITAL:______EXPOSURE DETAILS:______OTHER COMMENTS:......

28 CLIVIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS Chairman: Chris Vlok, PO Box 99583, Garsfontein 0060, Tel H +27 12 998 5942, e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Lena van der Merwe, PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, Tel & Fa x +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] John van Vice-Chairman: der Linde, 1 Wheelan Str., Newlands, 7700 Tel & Fa x +27 21 671 4535. e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Bossie de Kock, PO Box 38539, Garsfontein, 0042, Tel +27 12 998 3620, e-mail: [email protected] Ken Office Bearer: Smith, 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E- mail: [email protected]

REPRESENTATIVES OF CONSTITUENT CLIVIA CLUBS Cape: Claude Felber t, Felicity Weeden, Coen Calitz Eastern Province: Andrè Calitz and Gideon Botha Nor thern: Lena van der Merwe, Peter Lamber t, Bossie de Kock KwaZulu-Natal: Sean Chubb Free State: Hennie van der Mescht Garden Route: Gerrie Brits Joburg Clivia Club: Glynn Middlewick

REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS Tony Barnes. Ngamamaku, 1521 Sur f Highway 45, R.D.4 New Plymouth, 4061 New Zealand. Tel. 64-6-752 7873. E-mail: tony.john@x tra.co.nz Ken Smith. 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E-mail: [email protected] Aar t van Voorst. Frederick Hendriklaan 49, Hillegom, TE 2181, Netherlands. Tel: +31 252529679; email: [email protected] James Black. 8235 Nor th 128th East Avenue, Owasso, Oklahoma 4055 USA. Tel (918) 272-4623. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Hamish Sloan, 40 Wendan Road, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 7AF, England, UK. Tel: 044 1635 47417; e-mail: [email protected]

OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

New Zealand Di Smith, 71 Taylor Road, Mangere Bridge, Auckland, New Zealand. Tel: (09) 634 6807 or 021 231 9200; e- mail: [email protected]

CLIVIA 2006 MEMORABILIA

Orders can now be placed for embroidered golf shirts and caps and will be entertained up to the 28 February 2006. See centre page to order.

GOLF SHIRTS Khaki – brown/ beige colour golf shirts with a black collar in a knitted khaki and black fabric (small bird’s eye knit) with the logo embroidered on the pocket or on the shirt in sizes S to 3XL (see reverse of order form) is available. Price per golf shirt is R 100-00

The price for larger sizes (4XL and 5XL) is available on request.

CAPS The standard sized caps are adjustable and made with brushed nylon fabric in a khaki colour embroidered with the logo. Price per cap is R 40-00.

Postage will be levied additionally if these items have to be posted. Postage Overseas: R 30-00 per shirt and cap (<1 kg). Postage in RSA: R 25-00 per shirt and cap.

Enquiries: Clivia 2006, PO box 74 868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 Pretoria, RSA Tel/ Fax: +27 12 804 8892 E-mail: [email protected] ORDERING OF MEMORABILIA

GOLF SHIRTS

The following is an aid in choosing the correct size shirt

SIZE S M L XL 2XL 3XL 4XL – 5XL Shoulder Measurement (cm) 49.00 50.00 52.50 63.00 64.00 65.50 Under arm measurement (cm) 51.00 54.00 56.50 66.00 68.00 69.50 Price (R) 100-00 On request

Postage will be levied additionally if these items have to be posted. Postage Overseas: R 30-00 per shirt and cap (<1 kg). Postage in RSA: R 25-00 per shirt and cap.

Enquiries: Clivia 2006, PO box 74 868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 Pretoria, RSA Tel/ Fax: +27 12 804 8892 E-mail: [email protected].

Contents CLIVIA SOCIETY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Inner back page EDITORIAL - Roger Fisher 2 PEOPLE BEHIND THE PLANTS 3 STORIES BEHIND THE PHOTOGRAPHS 6 CORRESPONDENCE 7 Congratulations and thanks 7 A fungus nightmare 7 Community Project - Cango Valley 9 The extent of China's Clivia enthusiasm 10 Roof wetting of a shade house and the joys of growing Clivias 10 Musings 4 11 GROWERS AND BREEDERS NOTE 12 CLIVIA 2006 CONFERENCE 14 IMPORTANT NOTICE 2 18 ORDER FORM FOR MEMORABILIA AND AUCTION FORM Centre page CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS 22 FOR SALE 35 CLIVI-ARTA 36

Views expressed in the newsletter are not necessarily those of the Committee and the Clivia Society.

11 Editorial The year-end has arrived in a rush and much illustrations, which most of the membership is still left to do or will be left undone or be seem to want. tided over till next year. To all the Clubs and other members who But this newsletter MUST be done. have taken trouble to correspond with me, my appreciation. It's a hectic business. This issue is dedicated mainly to the reports John van der Linde has relinquished his hat of the year activities of the Clubs, Interest as wordsmith for the cover photos. This is a groups and overseas membership. task he had done over many years and one that adds interest and valuable insights for And then we have as new member Helen the readership. "John, thanks for your efforts Sanders who has supplied the first of what of the past and we hope the respite allows we hope, are many more Clivi-arta. For you many more valuable hours for other pas- those members who sent in Christmas wish- times, especially your clivias." John has es to Santa Clivia, may the stockings be filled been on walkabout down under and we with all the right goodies. should have something to report in the next issue. Here follows her own introduction: Lena van der Merwe has assisted with proofreading the drafts, adding to the techni- cal detail and seeing that the terminology is "Hello, and thank you for welcoming me into correctly written and applied. My thanks to the Clivia Society. her for her efforts thus far. I shall however Even after pursuing an interesting career in keep pestering her in future. the Printing and Packaging Industry, in Di Smith blows fresh air into my virtual life Auckland, things horticultural still continue with her regular e-mail updates. Di, thanks to be a major influence in my life, having for all the info and encouragement. been brought up in a family which was oper- ating both a nursery and retail Garden Bossie de Kock is a stalwart in keeping Centre outlets. Family discussions were and things calm and seeing they get done. still are, to the frustration of spouses, large- Thanks Bossie. ly centred around plants and gardening. Claude Felbert and the editorial team of the A fond family story is that in my first year of Yearbook compile the covers. Thanks to school, at age 5, my teacher asked the class them all. if anyone knew a better name for the daisy The production of this Newsletter is a volun- flower on exhibit. 'Yes', I had piped up, 'it's a tary and group effort. If you have contacts Mesembryanthemum'. I was quite indignant for sponsorship, advertising or placing of that no one was interested in the correct inserts, please alert me to them. It will all name. I believe the ice plants have been help improve the quality of the publication, renamed since, but I can still vividly recall particularly in the placing of more colour the expression on my teacher's face. I have long admired Clivia miniata for its landscaping qualities. After tracking down

2 two plants labelled 'Aurea', and a sewing, quilting or exploring yarns, fabrics 'Grandiflora' in 1999, further thwarted and fibres. Plant fibres for basketry are of attempts to purchase improved strains particular interest. I've also been putting eventually led me to the New Zealand Clivia pen to paper, all of which only leaves time Club in 2003, and now here I am joining the for sporadic bouts of gardening. Society. I have indulged in a large-ish garden where In 1992 my partner and I moved to a remote I'm trying to C.create miniata the 'Tony Barnes Effect' part of rural Northland, in the north of New (see back cover of Yearbook 6) with drift Zealand, wherePinus we have ourselves sown, plantings of in different colours. planted and now maintain forty hectares of As most of these plants are just small plantation radiata for timber produc- seedlings a good deal of optimism is tion. required, together with plenty of imagina- tion. I realise that with my current clivia gene pool I'm hardly likely to stun the world with any new cultivars, so meanwhile I'm render- ing some of my own with pen on paper. This strain is being marketed under the CLIVI- ARTA label. May you enjoy them, Welcome Helen, and thanks for your ChrismasHelen Sanders". stocking contribution. We look for- ward to many more. To the Christian membership - may it be a season of blessings and renewal. To all the membership, may it be a festive yet restful season. To you all my best wishes for 2006. May it be a noble Clivia Year to remember. Roger Fisher

We usually try to escape the worst of our winter weather, travelling to explore sunnier PS. Don't miss the forms in the center of this spots on the globe. The textile and fibre arts issue! are another favourite of mine. I'm oftenPeople behind the plants Who was Prof. Jurie Geldenhuys? custom to name a plant after the person from whom she received it. She unfortu- I recently received a beautiful pastel Clivia nately has no clear recollection of when and from Toy Jennings. It was marked "Prof. how she received the plant. Only that it came Jurie Geldenhuys" and the tag said the plant with her when she relocated to the Cape came from Swaziland. Toy said that it is her some 8 years ago, when she brought only 3 her most valued plants. Several shoots are in Prof. Jurie came from Vrede in the Free the collection of Cape growers, who in Toy's State, was a brilliant student at Pretoria eyes, found favour. University and eventually taught Applied This plant is a medium sized, neat symmetri- Mathematics at his Alma Mater for 47 years. cal plant with thick dark green textured At first, because of the economic and social leaves. It has a nice round inflorescence on conditions immediately after the WW 2, a tall, sturdy stem. The florets are open, Jurie and his wife Drienie (a professional recurved and a light orange/pink/yellow, social worker) did not want children. But almost peach. Its most endearing character- being devout Christians, they prayed and the istic is that the adult flower is very soon cov- Lord eventually granted them 8 children, plus 2 they raised as foster children. ered in a silvery pink sheen, with crystal Unfortunately two of the children died of a translucent dust in strong light (almost like hereditary heart defect. The family thus the "gold dust" seen on some clivia and other became well known and was studied in the indigenous plants such as nerines). field of genetic medicine. Prof. Jurie, The flowers last for almost a month and keep amongst many other accomplishments was the silver sheen, mellowing until it becomes a skilled woodworker, making a large grand- almost lilac. It is very much similar to Toy's father clock for each of his children. On one other well-known plant, the Ella van Zyl, but special occasion, all the clocks were pre- without the slightest discolouring of the sented and started at the same time, a few leaves. (Which you may remember, was a seconds before 12. The chimes must have bone of contention some time ago. Toy been a veritable orchestra. assures that the Ella does not have a virus - All of this is very interesting, but what is his it tested negatively.) connection to clivia and how did this most During the latest flowering season, I was unusual plant come into his possession? Did showing two different groups of old friends the plant come from Swaziland as marked my plants, pointing out the uniqueness and on the tag? Are there similar plants around? casually mentioned the name "Jurie Was he one of the early clivia growers? Both Geldenhuys". Both expressed great interest Prof. Jurie and Mrs. Geldenhuys died a few in the name and I then realised why: My years ago, and I have not contacted their friend's surname was also Geldenhuys and children. he had been a professor of Applied Who can add some missing pieces to this Mathematics at Stellenbosch University. puzzle? I believe one of the functions of the Prof. Jurie Geldenhuys had been in the cor- Clivia Newsletter is to be a forum for mem- responding position at Pretoria University. bers of the Society, i.e. above or inter-club But my friend was totally unaware of any level. Let us hear from you! connection to clivia. The other friends went to school with his children and mentioned Coen Calitz that they remember the Geldenhuys family Cape Clivia Club Committee member had lived in a large house in a huge indige- nous garden in Menlopark, Pretoria. I was Stellenbosch. supplied with an article that appeared in "Die Info regarding Charl Malan Voorligter" of March 1994, in which a little of this unusual man and his family was nar- Charl Malan lives in Grahamstown in the rated. But nothing at all was mentioned of his Eastern Cape association with clivia. He started with his growing of clivias during 1994.

4 During 1994 he imported seeds from Y Nakamura - this is mainly where his prize- Willie Le Roux & Andrè Calitz winning plants come from. Who motivated you? He concentrates mainly on breeding of Vico and prefers "Peaches." Daruma & Compact broad leaves What lines do you grow or prefer to grow? Best on Show 2005 - this is a Nakamura Yellow with green throats Ghost, which also won the Pastel Class at Peaches the 2004 EPCC show (see photo on page 26 of Clivia 7). The siblings of these plants have won a number of awards in the 'Most I was born in Queenstown, Eastern Cape and Unusual' class at both Cape Town and PE. It mySomething schooling about and yourself?university education were has all the important characteristics for mak- all done in Port Elizabeth. ing a show winner, i.e. unique colour, super umbel and good peduncle. After obtaining a B Com degree I worked for Nedbank for about 2,5 years, then went to Runner up to best on show 2005: This is a CDM (De Beers - Oranjemund, Namibia) for Vico orange hybrid obtained by crossing two 1 year, there after I joined SBDC (Small Vico siblings. It is the 2nd year of flowering Business Development Corporation), now and should only get better. Its sibling won the renamed and changed focus to Business broad petal orange class at the 2004 EPCC Partners. I interrupted my service at SBDC Show. for about ± 6 months, when I traveled over- seas (Europe, Greek Island, Turkey & Israel). 2ND Runner up to 'Best on Show 2005': This I have been with Business Partners since is a Nakamura hybrid of Chubbs Peach x 1990, specializing in financing and investing Vico Yellow and won 'Best on Show' at the in the fishing industry. EPCC Show 2004 (See photo on page 52 of Clivia 7). Its siblings have won awards in the I married a wonderful and beautiful lady, Peach class in both Cape Town and PE. Lee-Ann, in 1992 and have one active son, Kyle (looks like his mother - fortunately) Something on Tremaine Wesson. I have completed 21 Comrades Marathons, [An e-mail Q&A posed by Andre Calitz] 20 Two Ocean Marathons, 15 Knysna Marathons and have participated in many ultra endurance marathons, like Rhodes September 2003 When did you start growing clivias? Marathon, Southern Drakensberg Mountains (3), Marine Ultra Marathons (13), Settlers Marathon (Grahamstown to Port Alfred - Initially from Tinie Burger and Gideon Botha 12), Mont-Aux Sources Ultra Marathon, Foot (OrangeWhere do & yourOrange clivias Hybrids) come from ? of Africa, Stellenbosch Marathon and Seeds - Andrè Calitz & Charl Malan (via Beaufort West Ultra. I also participate in the www.clivias.com) other distances like 10 km, 15km, 21 km, 27 km, 42,2 km and cross-country. I have been Seedlings - Andrè Calitz running the long distances since 1984, but Later purchased seeds (2003/4) from KZN participated at school and army level - Clivia Club, Willie Le Roux, Charl Coetzee, cross-country. Rudo Lötter I have been a keen surf & rock fisherman

5 since about 4 years old and also fish deep- Calitz visited my home a week prior to the sea. In my youth I did a bit of hunting and show, he convinced me to display a few. after 25 years I had a privilege to hunt again. I am also a keen bird watcher/ twitcher and Initially when I started, I thought that it would a keen game/ nature freak. be a good idea to get all the species of . I obtained the from Gideon Botha Prior to Clivia growing, my interest was and the Chinese clivia via James & ConnieClivia roses, which I have approximately 100 at my Abel. Andrè CalitzC. nobilisnow tells me that I'm in the residential address in Port Elizabeth. big league next year ("Deel van die manne"). I believe that having a beginner's category is wonderful to encourage new comers and I had no intentions of showing any of my lim- first time showers to the excitement of clivia itedSomething plants atabout 2005 your PE Show,"winning but plants"? after Andrè shows and growing thereof. Stories behind the Photographs Stories of the Cover Photos known. Plants labelled 'Selecta' are sold by Malanseuns Wholesale Nursery to the trade Photo One. and probably derive from the Coromandel This picture was taken by Karen de Jager stock. Green veining of flowers seems to be and submitted for the 2005 photographic a distinctive trait amongst the varieties, as competition. The Clivia miniata is planted in well as having good red blooms. Klugro her garden in Nelspruit. It was purchased by Nursery near Nelspruit have a breeding pro- a friend from a local nursery and given as a gramme derived from Coromandel stock. A house-warming present. It is thus of yellow form (Vol. 12 No 4 Cover) was from unknown parenting and breeding. Tipperary Farm, which was taken over by Clivia Unlimited. The example of a red form Much of the Nelspruit nursery stock of Clivia (Newsletter Vol. 13 No 4 photo 3) is from seems to derive from the now defunct Cape Foliage Farm but their plants come Coromandel Nursery. Coromandel Farm at from eastern Mpumalanga (Lowveld) Lydenburg in Mpumalanga is where Mr. Province. Sydney Press (who founded the Edgar's retail shopping chain) practiced mixed farm- Photo Two ing. Sydney Press and his wife had emigrat- This pale orange plant belongs to Willie le ed from England. Their horticulturalist Roux and photographed by Charl Coetzee. It apparently imported clivia from Belgium was winner in the ECCC Port Elizabeth Show known as "Belgian Hybrids". Some of these in the category "Broad Petal Two Umbels" in were used as mother plants in the nursery at 2004. This has been its only showing to date Coromandel and were sold to wholesale since the blooming was precocious this nurseries. year, probably due to a mild winter. The plant Malanseuns Plant Breeders Nursery was one was acquired from Oasis Nursery, which of the wholesale nurseries that obtained had acquired the stock of a nursery that they plants from Coromandel. Plant Range had taken over. When Willie went to make Nursery owned by Colin and Ellalien Davey inquiries as to the origins of the plant, the (nee Malan) - her father established the well- nursery had gone bankrupt. Willie joined the

6 Eastern Cape Clivia Club in 2000. He says Photo Four that as a "stupid hobbiest" he bought blindly everything he could lay his hands on but This belongs to and was pho- soon discovered that eighty percent of his tographed by Charl Coetzee. He bought the stock was unknown. In 2003 he decided to plant C.as miniataa seedling from John Winter. In concentrate his collecting and breeding on 2004 he entered it in the 'Narrow Petal the "3P's" - pastels, pinks and peaches. He Yellow - Two Umbels' class where it was has acquired seed from Sean Chubb and in winner (this photo). He entered the plant 2004 bought pastels from Bing Wiese's col- again, but this time in the 'Broad Petal" cate- lection. gory where it was again a winner. Photo Three Charl started collecting in 1994, with his first acquisition from Bing Wiese. He specialises This is a var. citrina from the in growing and breeding of clivias with a dis- SANBI living collection at Kirstenbosch tinct green on any background colour. He Botanical Gardens.C. gardenii The particular specimen has produced 'Charl's Green' which pro- blooms in colours from yellow through to duced few seeds when selfed but is prolific blush pink. This may be due to the amount of when crossed. This he has taken to Bronze light it is exposed to when blooming. The Green Boy which has set a good crop of habitat population shows a wide diversity of seeds. Another of his renowned plants is a colouring forms. yellow variegate - 'Gold Rush'. Correspondence Congratulations and thanks excellent idea, saving weight while more effectively spreading the roots. Congratulations, Mr. Editor. You have a diffi- cult and perhaps thankless task ahead of Thanks. you, but you have a pivotal role in the Society. If you have enough contributions Western Cape from members it will make your task much easier. May I suggest to all members that we Wysneus/Wise Guy react to the contents of previous Newsletters? Thank you for your kind words. To start the ball rolling, I wish to thank you, The concentration of the Condy's crystal Roger Fisher for two excellent hints. I now bath is somewhat unscientific - enough to regularly immerse pots that have been or are colour the water, but not so much as to lose about to be taken indoors for a longer period translucency - i.e. the bottom of the con- in a Condy's crystal bath. But what concen- tainer should still be visible. tration do you use? I just sprinkled a few A fungus nightmare grains into the bucket. Roger Fisher Earlier this year I found rotting problems on Your second useful hint was to use the sep- some of my plants. I duly treated them, as arate halves of a plastic 1 or 2 litre bottle as in, cutting away the affected areas, drying the central neutral zone in a pot. It seems an them and treating with a fungicide. I then put them in an open position, which allowed a

7 certain amount of early morning sun and the penny dropped and I remembered that fresh air. On returning from a trip, to my hor- most of the damaged plants were either ror I found that the plants had continued to falling out of the pots, or many of the roots rot. So once more I repeated the treatment, were rotted. And of course we have had a plus a few refinements including using neat very wet winter. Bravo 500. I went away again, and when I returned, believe it or not, the plants had He also referred me to a website dealing continued to rot, again. This time I had to cut with rust in daylilies where they mention var- some of the plants right back to base, no ious rust control products including sys- leaves left. And despite Bravo, or sulphur, temic fungicides. lots of wind and sun, they still continued to I have been able to get one of these combi- rot.!!!!!!! nations of Mancozeb (contact) and In the mean time I had also been spraying Methalaxyl, (systemic) which seems to be with Virikop and Efekto's General Fungicide. doing the trick on those plants that the Virikop didn't have any effect on. I have also By now I was feeling a little desperate. So I used this product neat on the exposed por- referred to experts and experienced people tions of the plants. However, this product and got various diagnoses. It was suggest- may only be used 4 times in a season, and ed that insects were causing the problem. must be sprayed alternately with an unrelat- Somebody suggested I open the plants out ed product. Applications should be 7 days and plant them in the garden. apart. I then tried Baycor, as well as Tetracycline, I now also face a big replanting job to ensure believing that the problem might be bacterial, that the drainage in my pots is better than because I didn't have full instructions for the perfect, because I am told that some of the Baycor, I burnt many of the buds, including pathogens are able and willing to swim my very beautiful Vico yellow. Only some through water, being attracted by excretions plants responded. exuded by the roots. Think of that!! Cheeky devils. But, the rot didn't clear up, and somehow it had to be stopped. My experience now shows that the sooner you spot the problem, the better. Well, I started by removing any rotted tissue Immediately remove any damaged tissue. If and painting it with Methylated Spirits and possible expose to wind and some sun. allowing to dry. Then I applied neat Virikop. Painting with methylated spirits definitely This worked for some, but not for all. seems to help in sterilizing and drying the I also tried neat permanganate of potash wound. Application of sulphur, neat powder (Condy's Crystals or potassium perman- form Virikop, or neat powder form Sanlaxyl ganate). It killed any little maggots and also after the spirits and drying period also burned the plant tissue black. This also seems to help. worked for some plants, only. And of course, the main lesson to be learned Then I was fortunate enough to be referred is that clivia must have PERFECT DRAINAGE. to a person that I believe to be the worlds I find now that the weather is a little warmer leading fungicide expert. I emailed some and drier, the simple wind and sun treatment pictures of the affected parts to him, and his is working well, as long as all rotted tissue is immediate response was that the problem is removed. root related and too much water. Suddenly

88 I am going to follow a program, for a while, other vectors such as your shoes (standing/ of spraying the whole greenhouse with dif- walking on fungus-infected plant material), ferent fungicides at weekly intervals. insects, etc. My opinion is that the plants, after treatment, were not kept dry enough. Lena van der Merwe offers the following observations:Felicity Wheeden Community Project - Cango Valley On page 62 of "Cultivation of clivias" Spells out: "Moisture, optimum temperature and a nutri- (Original contribution requested by the tional environment are always necessary for Editor after wondering as to what the fungal growth. Moisture is highly significant Community Project was that appeared in for all fungi, because their food are digested Afterthe e-mail our retirement address and from here service translated at the from end and absorbed in aqueous solution and it ofthe 2000, Afrikaans we located and shortened) to the rural environment influences the availability of oxygen and car- of Schoemanshoek in the Cango Valley. Our bon dioxide. Optimum temperature range is small farm named Lalapanzi [Place of Rest] mostly between 15 - 30 °C. Relatively few is a little piece of "heaven on earth" in the disease-causing fungi are active during very mountains at the foot of the Swartberge, hot and dry summers". approximately 15 kilometers from If drainage is poor you surely have trouble - Oudshoorn on the way to the renowned clivias do not like wet feet. Yellowing of the Cango Caves. Our cottage dates from the tips of leaves is an indication that something late 1890s and is a typical bywoner house is wrong with the roots - root rot or rotten (home of someone without titled land), built roots caused by too much water. of the original unbaked bricks. It is just large enough for two people to live in comfort. Neat methelated spirits will dry out the tissue Fortunately the cow shed - with rough sawn and damage it. Rather dilute it to 50 % or timber beams and reeded ceiling - has been use an agricultural sterilizing solution such converted into a comfortable and spacious as a quaternary amine (Spore Kill) or Miltons flatlet. We use it as a B & B. (used to sterilize baby's utensils). A 2 % hydrogen peroxide will also do the job. We for the past five years have been involved Potassium permanganate crystals are too in community development directed at strong oxidizing and will burn the tissues. empowering those less privileged of the rural Rather prepare a solution that is strongly community. This entails the teaching and coloured. Sun and wind is not enough after training of new skills and the development of treatment. Keep the plants dry - or place a existing ability, so as to be more independ- brick in a basin and place the pot on the ent yet have greater mutual interdependency. brick. Pour 2 cm high water in the basin. People are supported and motivated, since The evaporating water will keep the plant they suffer from a poor self-image. Their moist. Any plant material infected with fungi self-worth has suffered from decades of should be burned or sealed in a plastic bag suffering and poverty. Relationships must be and placed in the rubbish bin. It should never re-established and restored. This is a be thrown on the ground or lay around in the lengthy and difficult process, which doesn't shade house or the garden. The spores of happen overnight. It is a continuous and day- fungi are distributed by wind and water and to-day process. We started by providing food parcels to the aged and unemployed as

99 well as soup kitchens in the community. By Changchun, capital of northeast China's Jilin the beginning of this year more than 6000 Province. food parcels were delivered within two weeks to jobless people. When there are suf- During the competition, ten plants were ficient ingredients available for soup delivery named superior and won the title of "the king is made weekly to more than 700 scholars at of flowers." six different primary and nursery schools. More than 3,000 clivia lovers from all over Clothing and blankets are delivered regularly China participated in the competition with as they are received. Two learners, grades some 50,000 clivias. The competition 11 and 10 respectively in a neighbouring attracted nearly 100,000 visitors. town have for the past five years been given financial support. A nursery school has A number of exhibitions and seminars were been erected where 30 preprimary children also held during the competition. are given care. Classrooms are painted and China has a long tradition of planting the jungle jims provided. A computer room with clivia, which represent noble character in tra- four computers has been installed at a ditional Chinese culture.' school. The aged are cared for and support- ed. A group of brown farmers have been By e-mail from Tino Ferero assisted in purchasing land and they are Roof wetting of a shade house and the joys busy taking care of themselves as farmers. of growing Clivias These are but some of the matters with One of the Eastern Province Clivia Club which we are engaged with. members, Joy Smith, is a keen Clivia enthu- Is there appreciation amongst the communi- siast with green fingers. She firmly believes ty for what is done? Definitely - YES! that people born with the "green-finger" gar- dening gene are the most fortunate people in Can we satisfy each and every need? NO - the world. They are able to create great because the needs and requirements are beauty from a single seed or from cuttings. great. These people are never bored as long as Yet we are thankful for the support of individ- they can dip their fingers into soil and plant uals and organizations that have made it something or see it grow. possible to give others help and hope. Joy Smith is one of these fortunate folks. Her Soup and bread bring hope in need. family claims that she has green fingers up to her elbows. According to Joy she is never Hennie & Leentjie Pretorius happier than when grubbing in her garden or Posbus 687 P. O. Box her shade house. Oudtshoorn 6620 Five years ago Joy and her husband, Dermot, South Africa after retiring, relocated to the windy city of Port Elizabeth. She mistakenly believed that The extent of China's Clivia enthusiasm she could establish the Fuchsia garden of her From China Trade news dreams under the numerous trees in their garden. After many disappointments and 'A five-day competition displaying the clivia, much heartache she finally had to admit that a small genus of southern African scarlet- living one block from the beach with salt colored herbs, closed on February 22 in laden winds was definitely not conducive of growing Fuchsias. 1010 One of her daughters gave her four orange his very obliging neighbour's back garden". clivia plants as a Christmas gift to help her André came to her assistance and with the overcome her disappointment. This was the help of his two teenage sons built her the start of her next gardening passion. Four shade house of her dreams. years later when offsets and seedlings from the original plants had formed a sizeable The EP Clivia Club receives much praise clump Joy discovered the existence of the from Joy. According to her, she is very EP Clivia Club and attended her first meeting. impressed by the way the EP Clivia Club members assists new members. She According to Joy, she was fortunate enough believes that Clivia breeders' needs are to have our Chairman, Willie Le Roux, take it catered for even down to the Clivia growing on himself to be her mentor. She was medium supplied by Mark Joubert, who is absolutely amazed to discover how much also an expert in his field and regularly sup- hybridization had been going on. She admits plies Joy with growing hints. that she picked poor Willie's brains time and time again. Needless to say that her collec- Joy states that the EP Clivia Club is indeed tion of clivias grew and grew with the effect blessed to have such wonderfully friendly, that she soon thereafter realized that one of generous and helpful committee members. the things she needs in her life was going to She further mentions that she blesses the be a shade house. day that she discovered the existence of the EP Clivia Club. It is a real pleasure to see Fortunately for her, one of the EP Clivia Club somebody enjoying their plants so much and Committee members, André Calitz, is an the enthusiasm with which they nurture expert on erecting shade houses. To use her each and every seed, seedling and plant. words "He has a garden full of clivia shade houses stretching across his boundary into Andrè Calitz Musings 4

The Pretty Lily who posited the concept of the 'biotic com- munity' and stated blandly that humans were equally part thereof. A flower was offer'd to me, Phillips, John. 1931. The biotic community. Such a flower as May never bore; The Journal of ecology. Vol. 19, No. 1. pp. 1- But I said 'I've a Pretty Lily' 24. see p. 19. And I passed the sweet flower o'er. That set off a storm of debate, albeit limited to a small coterie of biologists. Even to day it Then I went to my Pretty Lily, is not easy for us to accept that our nature is To tend her by day and by night of Nature - even while we plunder and rape (OhBut dear, my William bloom Blaketurn'd …,away I am with so jealousy, sorry!) creation. Natural agencies are always plun- A parodyAnd on the 'The worms Pretty Rose were Tree' my in 'Songs only of delight. Experience' in dering and raping, but seldom with the effi- Bronowski, J. 1973. William Blake. Harmondsworth: Penguin ciency of our own species. Books. p50. Besides our nature - or rather, inclusive of It was John Phillips, way back in the thirties, our nature - is our culture. And our culture

11 brings another dimension to natural process. Birds and bees are now the creatures of old We do some things, driven by an aesthetic wives' tales. There are ampoules and aero- sense. planes and artists' brushes, peacocks' and swans' feathers and even caressing fingers Our relationship with those plants we do not to move pollen to pistil. They reintroduce you eat or apply medicinally derives from an to your distanced siblings, and more inter- innate aesthetic drive. We grow a select estingly, your distant cousins. Isolated gene number of plants for an aesthetic gratifica- pools are re-united and hybrid vigour estab- tion, something almost unique to our lished and hybridisation abounds. Then, species. because they have a curiosity that delves the But what if you are one of these chosen diversity of appearances, all forms, which plants - let us, for the sake of argument, say are inherent but often recessive, are encour- a clivia … aged and given free expression. You appear in as many guises as your genetic make-up You have lived through turbulent times. Your permits within an accelerated period of evo- habitat has shrunk as forests have retreated lutionary time. and savannah and veld has increased. This has been aided and abetted by a genus fair- Moth and rust no longer corrupt. You are ly recent on the evolutionary horizon, one now no longer dependant on the vagaries of Homo. They, who have mastered fire, have your natural foes since you are - by-and- increased the range of the veld and limited large - protected from the devastations the already declining forests to marginal wrought by agents of destruction through the areas. They have found you before and poisons and potions administered by a added you to their array of medicinal and beneficent host. magical decoctions. Then they find you In your multiplicity of guises you look mag- again. nificent! And this time they take you into their care, Then — one day — your guardians all go send you off to distant and often frosty away … climes, but are mindful of your needs. While there are no forests, there is artificial shade Forever. - and hot houses. Growers and Breeders Note

Preparing plants for the Show or Display part of the plant and should be left as is. A judge at a show noted that the freshness of While growing out, the clivia flower head is this could indicate how old the florets are protected by a sheath. As the flowers and "should of course be left on". mature, this protective recurved covering hangs at the base of the peduncles in a rather To me these protrudances are untidy and untidy way. They are whitish and also dry ugly, detracting from the neat, fresh appear- out and shrivel. (By the way, do these ance of a flower head. The purpose of "leaves" have a name?) preparing a plant and flower for the show is after all to make it as beautiful as possible. I have been removing these as a matter of course, but recently became involved in sev- What are the guidelines in other Clubs? What eral arguments. Some members say they are

12 are your personal points of view? Should or next spring. If the plant was devoured by must they be removed? worms, it will suffer from a lack of chloro- phyll and a shortage of sugars to grow well Cape Clivia Club enough to develop a flower. TheseCoen Calitz"protrudances" are called bracts. In Good luck with the patient. the NCC they may be left on or removed, but if the competition is close at a show, the Question untidiness caused by lots of dried bracts Lena van der Merwe might give a cleaner looking plant of other- Has anybody successful experience with wise the same quality the edge. lowering pH in pots with ammonium sul- phate? I would be most interested in sug- gested dilutions. I grow clivias in the garden and noticed that oneRoger of Dixonmy prized clivias was attacked by leaf miner or lily borer. I decided to transplant the England clivia into a pot and moved it to the shade- Ian19 OctoberCoats 2005 house. I squashed the leave between my fin- Answer gers. It had one side shoot which I removed + + ≅ and planted in a separate pot. Must I also NH4 + H2O ' NH3(gas) + H3O K remove the flowering stack that is developing 5.56 x 104 …………..(1) fruit now and will I still get a flower next sea- and son? I harvested the seed from last year's 2- - - ≅ flowers about 36 seeds and planted them. If SO4 + H2O ' HSO4 + OH K 1 x I must remove the flowering stack it will not 102 …………..(2) be a train smash. Reaction (1) indicates that ammonium will Kind regards hydrolyze and make the solution more acidic (lower pH) while reaction (2) indicates that this reaction will make the solution more Bonearo Park basic (higher pH). How ever, extent of FritsGauteng Korting RSA hydrolysis of (1) will be larger than (2) and Having discovered the lilyborers or leafminer therefore result in a lowering of the pH. NH3 - take note leaf miner is usually not an army is a gas and may escape out of the solution. of worms - and squashing it between your The pH of a 0.1 mol.dm-3 solution of ammo- fingers killed the culprits immediately. nium sulphate (13.213 g dissolved in 1.0 Usually on inspection, if they are indeed lily- litre water) is 5.5 at about room tempera- borers, the egg packet will still be on the ture. underside of the leaf about a third from the This is a typical example how fertilizer may tip. To ensure other worms do not hatch, result in changing the pH of the medium. spray with Garden Ripcord. Ammonium sulphate may also change the Brigade or Telstar or Garden Ripcord will electrical conductivity of the growing medi- send leafminers to their grave. um if salts are not regularly washed out of it. If the plant is well fed, not over watered Sulphur as such is more generally used to (causing rotten roots) the plant will form 4 to lower the pH of soil in agricultural practices. 5 leaves during the year and if the rest peri- od and cold winter is adequate, it will flower Lena van der Merwe 1313 Prophylactic cocktail are in decay - every 4 days. Another trick is to get Tracker Insect Granules manufactured by Bayer. Apply dry on the growing medium The heat! and water in. Spend a fortune and buy Lena Confidor (last price I heard was R 1 200-00 My Clivias are showing signs of mealy bug per litre). According to the book of words of infestation - is this heat related? the Department of Agriculture Confidor is not Can I spray a prophylactic cocktail for all registered for mealy bug (page 36, 46 etc. of their [my?] enemies - mealy bugs, scale, lily the book), but to be used on trees (citrus borer and fungus all at once - I'm using trees younger than 15 years or tomato Bravo, Oleum, Garden Ripcord and ... what seedlings). This is highly poisonous and not for mealy bugs? - or must I spray each indi- registered for the home garden. So use it vidually and should this be in relays rather with the necessary care. than all at once? If it is only a plant or two: Wet a cotton bud with methelated spirits and touch the bug[gers]. It will dehydrate them and send Yes. them to the grave. Green Throat Mealy bugs proliferate in stagnant condi- A member in the USA use orange oil. Oleum tions. The Garden Ripcord will curb mealy should, however, do the same and is much bug, but if you have a very high infestation, cheaper. you should perhaps use malasol or malathion (the same active ingredient) which I hope this will solve your problem. is more systemic. You will have to follow a Kind regards, regime of spraying until all creepy crawlies

Lena Clivia 2006 Conference

There are now less than 10 months to go and travel arrangements through Sure Travel before we see many of you at the Clivia 2006 may be made at any time. E-mail or tele- Conference to be held in Pretoria in phone any queries to: September. This announcement summarizes the full period. The conference, Pretoria 1 Clivia itinerary - James Abel, Show and caulescens tours take place in the [email protected], tel +27-12- NE region of South Africa, and other activi- 3616406 (24/7) ties are centred in the KZN (KwaZulu Natal), 2 Travel & accommodation - Sure Travel EC (Eastern Cape) and WC (Western Cape) Agency, Eunice van Rooyen, regions - see the Clivia Society website for [email protected] tel more details. Also on the website, from the +27-12-3621806 office hours. Block beginning of February, delegates can reservations have been made for hotels, through the organising committee secure car hire and the Durban > East London their participation in the clivia conference flight. activities (Sep 5 - 7), the auction (Sep 9) and 3 Conference/show. This is the core period the bus tours (caulescens and KZN) (those of your visit. with capacity limitations are marked (*)) a Tue 5th: arrival (most international 14 flights arrive at Johannesburg Jhb, where a very wide range of fauna International in the mornings, giving (including the big 5) and flora can be some time to rest during the day), and seen, or spend a day or two visiting that evening there will be an informal other local attractions. (*) get-to-know-you function with pre-registration. 5 (*)Caulescens Tour. If staying on, the b Wed 6th: (*) registration, (*) confer- caulescens tour follows the conference ence day 1, (*) and dinner. and Pretoria show: c Thu 7th: (*) conference day 2. a Mon 11th: Bus north to d Fri 8th: at leisure, while local members Magoebaskloof caulescens habitat, set up the show. overnight Magoebaskloof e Sat 9th: NCC (Northern Clivia Club) b Tue 12th: McNeil clivia collection, show in Pretoria, (*) evening auction Blyde Canyon and Potholes, overnight of exceptional clivias. Graskop f Sun 10th: NCC show day 2, local c Wed 13th: Pinnacle, Gods Window attractions or depart for home after a and Wonder View habitats, Nelspruit minimum stay, if you are able to Botanic Gardens, barbecue in spend only five nights in S Africa. Barberton, overnight Barberton d Thu 14th: Bearded Man mountain If you have more time available: habitat for miniata, caulescens and the only acknowledged natural interspecif- 4 Pre-conference. Two main options ic, return to Pretoria should be considered: e Fri 15th: leave for home, after spend- a Western Cape. A broad description of ing ten nights in SA, or: the attractions of the Cape region, which have made it a prime interna- 6 Post-conference/caulescens - two alter- tional tourist destination, will be post- natives: ed on the website. The Indigenous a Time limited: Bulb Society is holding its annual con- i Fri 15th: at leisure in Pretoria/ ference at Goudini from Mon Aug 28 Johannesburg. to Fri Sep 1st , and, apart from bulbs, delegates will be exposed to the ii Sat 16th: JCC (Joburg Clivia Club) wealth of Cape flora. For more infor- show in Johannesburg. mation contact Coen Calitz on iii Sun 17th: JCC show day 2 or [email protected] tel +27-21-887 depart for home after spending 12 0705. Arrangements have also been nights in SA, or: made for small parties to visit a (*) b B. Time available. KwaZulu Natal is mirabilis habitat in the NW Cape (see home to three of the six clivia species, website) - contact Hein Grebe and stretches from the Drakensberg [email protected] tel +27-021- Mountains at 3.500 m altitude on its 461 9882. NW boundary with Lesotho to its sub- b Immediately before the conference tropical coast in the SE. Game Parks (Sep 4 -5), particularly if you have not and Anglo-Boer war battle sites are previously been to Africa, you may among its places of interest. For wish to go on a 1 or 2 day visit to the more information see the website and malaria-free Pilanesberg game contact reserve (750 km sq), close to Pta/

15 Val Thurston [email protected] c Visits to the mirabilis habitat can be tel +27-31-7635736. arranged. i Fri 15th: drive over the d Fill the week with a selection from Drakensberg to Pietermaritzburg, everything else that the Cape has to in convoy with local members. offer, and then cap your trip by visiting the Garden Route Clivia Club show in ii Sat 16th: KZNCC (KwaZulu Natal George. Clivia Club) show in Pietermaritz- burg. 9 Travel advisory. Comprehensive advice on all the minor (and not so minor) iii Sun 17th: KZNCC show day 2 or details for visiting SA will be placed on (*) bus tour to Strachan and Chubb the website. The weather in September collections. is normally 'shirtsleeves' great, but do iv Mon 18th: (*) bus tour to South bring something warmer for the evenings Coast miniata, gardenii and robus- and also a light raincoat - the past histo- ta habitats. ry of 12 shows gives a less that 10% v Tue 19th: (*) visit Midlands mini- probability of rain, but if it does rain we ata and gardenii habitats. will get a bit wet at the informal function and at the auction (logistical choices of 7 The Eastern Cape. Also blessed with venues), but we will NOT let that dampen scenery ranging from coastal to moun- the fun! tainous, with numerous typical African 10 Exports and Imports. No enthusiast will attractions, the EC is the home of nobilis, be able to resist buying seed or plants the first clivia to be described botanical- from the very wide range of clivias, pur- ly. For further details contact Gideon chased at the auction, privately or at the Botha [email protected] tel 041- shows. You must bring copies of your 3604935 or check the website. import permit so that the SA inspectors a Wed 20th. After overnighting near know exactly what they must certify in Durban airport, check your car in and the phytosanitary certificate that you fly with SAA (09:25 - 10:45) to East will need on arrival back home. You London, collect your hired car and should allow for 5 hours at drive with local members to the first Johannesburg International on the way nobilis habitat at the Kei river mouth, out for preparing your plants and having where you will stay overnight. them inspected. Bring an old toothbrush b Thu 21st. Visit further nobilis habitats to clean all soil residues from the roots, in the Port Alfred and Grahamstown and consider bringing an empty suitcase areas, overnight Grahamstown. to take your plants home with you - there c Fri 22nd. ECCC (Eastern Cape Clivia is probably little difference between Club) show in Port Elizabeth, or drive excess baggage charges on your flight to Cape Town and courier charges if despatched sepa- d Sat 23rd. ECCC show day 2 (also see rately. 8.a below). If bringing seed (no phyto needed) or plants (phyto needed) into SA with you, 8 The Western Cape (see 4.a above): it is advisable to declare them at cus- a Sat 23rd. CCC (Cape Clivia Club) toms. A full description will be placed on show in Cape Town. the website later. b Sun 24th & Mon 25th. CCC show 11 (*) Garden visits. In all regions, a num- days 2 & 3. ber of clivia collections may be visited,

1616 as will be listed on the website. Since be logistically impossible to arrange some gardens are small, prior arrange- that local enthusiasts accommodate ment by e-mail or telephone is essential. all delegates in their homes, and 12 (*) Mementos. You will surely want to unless delegates have made their own take home a souvenir of the conference private arrangements, they should ALL and your other visits. See order form on budget for hotel accommodation. The centre page. On the website you will be cost estimates are based on shared (2 able to purchase a logo-ed shirt with or people) bedrooms in budget hotels without pocket and an adjustable cap, (clean rooms, wholesome food and and even if you can not join us you might good ablutions), although more up- wish to have them mailed to you - watch market accommodation can be the website. There is a long lead-time arranged by choice. Single accommo- for production, embroidery, etc, and if dation will also cost more. you wait until after March you may miss Accommodation estimates are on a out! Bed + Breakfast basis, and other 13 Confirmation of reservations will be meals can cost more or less than available on the Internet from February, R100 per day ($15), depending on and acceptance will be on a first-come appetites! first-served basis. Besides the clivia c Personal costs - phone calls, bever- related costs (see below), to help you ages, tips (around 10% is fairly stan- with your planning we have estimated dard), etc, - are not included. other costs, on a budget level basis d For extensions to your stay the follow- (more upmarket options are available), ing costs may be extrapolated. If your subject to escalation. For overseas car hire is one way (checked in at a enthusiasts, USD estimates are given at different airport) the hire company the currently approximate rate of will charge about R900 ($135) more. R6.6:$1, although all payments will be determined in Rands at the time of pay- To summarise: ment, at then current exchange rates. Current estimates of clivia related costs are These are: given in the table. However, there will be a Local travel. Suitable public transport capacity limitations, particularly on the four- in S Africa is scarce, and we strongly day caulescens tour, and many potential del- recommend that you hire a car on egates wish to secure their places before arrival. We drive on the left side of the February. This can now be done by paying a road, but from experience we can first-come first-served non-refundable assure you that you very quickly adapt deposit (see table) with the first opportunity (even if that is the "wrong" side), and, being offered to overseas delegates, since also from experience, the flexibility of South African members can visit the habitats being able to accept spur-of-the- at any time. moment invitations to visit clivia col- lections or other unplanned attractions If you wish to secure your position, deposits is priceless. The cost estimate is per of R500 for the Pretoria activities and R1500 person with four delegates sharing a for the caulescens and KZN habitat bus tours small car (larger cars or minibuses need to be paid, from: will also be available when making • Oct 1st for overseas delegates, and reservations), including insurances • from Dec 1st for local delegates. and unlimited mileage. b Accommodation. Regrettably, it will If you wish to pay a deposit, e-mail Bossie 1717 Estimated cost per person 3 above. Conference + 4 above . Caulescens Combined Show+ tour Nights in S Africa 5 (start 5th - end 10th) 5 (start 10th - end 15th) 10 (start 5th - end 15th)

Accom. in Pta - nights 5 2 7

Accom. in Pta - B+B only R1210 ($185) R490 ($75) R1700 ($260) Car hire (unused during R500 ($75) R350 ($55) R850 ($90) Mon-Thu Caulescens Tour)

Total to be budgeted R1710 ($260) R840 ($130) R2550 ($390)

de Kock, conference treasurer, soonest on Clivia related costs Estimated cost [email protected], providing the following information: your credit card Conference R400 ($65) name, number, Visa or Master Card, expiry Informal function (pay for own R100 ($15) date and the last 3 numbers on the back of drinks) you credit card. Bossie will confirm avail- ability, in which case the respective charges Dinner (pay for own drinks) R150 ($25) will be raised against your card. Delegates who have secured their places by paying Auction R40 ($6) deposits will then need to pay the balance of Pretoria and habitat bus tour costs as well as Pretoria sub-total R640 ($100) transport, accommodation, etc, soonest in February/March. Caulescens tour by bus R2300 ($350) We look forward to having a great CLIVIA KZN habitat tour by bus (per R250 ($40) TIME together day) Total (KZN x 3) R4380 ($600)

Important notice 2 Clivia Auction September 2006 February 2006 via e-mail to auction@clivi- asociety.org. Entry forms will be available All paid up members of the Clivia Society at www.cliviasociety.org/ncc/aution and on and Constituent Clubs as at 1st October centre page of this News Letter. 2005 are invited and urged to please enter plants for the Clivia Auction to be held on The panel of judges for the auction will Saturday 9th September 2006 as part of the decide and announce the 60 accepted Clivia 2006 program. Entries may be sub- entries on or about the 14th April 2006. The mitted from 15 November 2005 until 24 Panel's decision will be final and no discus- 18 sion and/or correspondence will be entered for the authenticity or quality of any item into. on offer. 2. Entries are invited for rare, exotic and Only one specimen of a specific clone/culti- sought-after specimens of Clivia for the var (for instance "Cameron's Peach") will be auction to be held on Saturday 9 auctioned. If there are more specimens of September 2006 in Pretoria. that specific clone on offer they may be 3. A selection panel will adjudicate all placed on open auction. Bids for the open entries, using the information and digital auction will be placed in containers placed at photographs submitted, to decide on the each plant. Offsets for the auction must 60 plants to be auctioned. have at least 10 or more leaves. 4. The panel's decision is final and will be The signature on the entry form will confirm made known on or about the 14th April the acceptance of the "Conditions of Sale" as 2006 on the CS website at www.clivi- well as the "Rules and Regulations for the asociety.org/ncc/auction. 2006 Clivia Auction" 5. An illustrated catalogue with full details of the plants to be auctioned will be pub- Conditions of Sale lished on the CS website on or about the 1. Attendance at the auction will be R40.00 1st July 2006. per person. A bidder's ticket will be an 6. All persons registering as potential buyers extra R60.00, which will be refunded after will be issued with a printed catalogue on the auction. the evening of the auction. 2. The highest bidder is the purchaser, sub- 7. Attendance at the auction will be R40.00 ject to the reserve price being met. per person. Bidders will pay an extra 3. Goods are sold "as is" and prospective bidder's deposit of R60.00, which will be buyers are therefore advised to inspect refunded after the auction. same to determine quality and authentici- 8. The highest bidder is the purchaser, sub- ty. ject to the reserve price being met. 4. Although the Clivia Society (CS) and the 9. Payment of all purchases will be made to Northern Clivia Club (NCC) facilitate the the NCC within 24 hours after the auc- auction, neither they nor their office bear- tion when ownership and responsibility ers are responsible or accountable for the for the plant is transferred to the new authenticity of any item on offer. owner (buyer). NCC Show Group 5. The vendue roll (auction list) of sale is Winners, which are sold, will remain part final. of the Show until Sunday 10th Sep- 6. Bidding and payment will be in Rand. tember 2006 when they may be collect- 7. Payment will be made by credit card or ed from the debenching panel at 15.30. bank guaranteed cheque in Rand within 10. A commission of 15 % will be payable 24 hours after the auction. by the seller to the NCC following the sale of each item. Rules and regulations for the Northern Clivia 11. The 2006 Committee will, if requested, Club 2006 Auction assist buyers in obtaining the necessary phytosanitary certificates for export 1. Although the Clivia Society (CS) and purposes. The buyer will be responsible Northern Clivia Club (NCC) facilitate the for all costs in this regard. auction, neither they nor their office 12. Successful buyers will be personally bearers are responsible or accountable responsible for the export of their plants.

19 13. Late entries of NCC Show group win- the habitat yellows and peaches do not pro- ners will be accepted for the auction, but duce unpigmented seedlings when crossed will only be auctioned if there is suffi- with Group 1 and Group 2 yellows, but by cient time after the 60 catalogue entries breeding them within their own group breed- have been auctioned. These plants will ers have managed to produce unpigmented be moved to the auction venue at the plants. owner's risk. They will be returned to the Show hall at the risk of the new owner To give clivia enthusiasts, breeders and (buyer). growers a chance to include this precious 14. Reserve price. If a plant remains genetic material in their collections, KZN unsold due to the bid being lower than CLIVIA CLUB, in conjunction with our Show, the reserve price, a commission of 15 % are holding an AUCTION on the SATURDAY is still payable by the owner on the high- 15 SEPTEMBER 2006, which is the weekend est bid received subject to a maximum after the Conference Show in Pretoria. On of R300.00 and a minimum of R50.00. offer will be a limited amount of seedlings and offsets of these wild collected clones as well as other well known prized clones many KWA-ZULU NATAL - CLIVIAS FOR THE of whom have won the top prizes at our pre- FUTURE vious shows. KZN Clivia Club is holding their 2006 Clivia For those of you who perhaps had decided to Show and Auction on the 15/16 September give our show a miss, I strongly recommend 2006 at the Pietermaritzburg Royal Show that you make every effort to attend our Grounds. show and auction and not miss the chance KwaZulu Natal is 'clivia country', the source of a lifetime of obtaining at least one of our of the most diverse and amazing original highly sought after plants. genetic material. The quality, colour and The Conference coordinators together with variation in plant and bloom size within the the KZN Clivia Club are offering organized different habitat populations is mind-bog- tours to habitat locations in the Province. gling. An exciting display of these plants will Pietermaritzburg is the capital of Kwa-Zulu be on view at our Show - giving the clivia Natal - a 5-hour scenic drive by car from enthusiast a first hand visual of the really Johannesburg/ Pretoria or a 1-hour flight. large majestic blooms, and huge umbels of the many shades of orange, peach and red - right down to pretty dainty pastels, peaches KZN - CHAIRMAN and finally yellows of rich creamy hues. ASean CLIVIA Chubb SHOW AND CITY WORTHWHILE In an effort to keep these habitat plants as VISITING DURING SEPTEMBER 2006. pure and original as possible, as many of the The friendly city of Port Elizabeth, also early plants have been inter-bred with the known as Mandela Bay and which is home to broad leaf strain, breeders and growers are the Eastern Province Clivia Club is situated working with the yellow wild clones with a on the South - East coast of South Africa, view to increasing and conserving the origi- which is being referred to as the Sun Shine nal yellow genetic pool. Most of the habitat Coast. It boasts with some of the best locations have been destroyed and very few beaches in the Country, especially Jeffrey's plants remain in the wild. The very few that Bay, the world known paradise for surfers. still exist are being gathered from the wild at an alarming and out of control rate. Most of In a radius of ± 100km we offer a dozen or 20 ORDER FORM FOR MEMORABILIA CLIVIA 2006 NAME & SURNAME

Postal address (If items have to be posted)

Tel # E-mail

Number ordered Item Size Amount With Without pocket pocket Golf shirts S M L XL 2XL 3XL 4XL 5XL Caps Postage Total amount payable

Method of payment Cheque made out to: Clivia Conference 2006

Credit card Master Card Visa card Card number Expiry date Last three digits at back of card Paid in ABSA bank account: Clivia Conference 2006 Account number: 40-6207-2518

Send order and proof of payment to: E-mail: [email protected] or Fax : +27 12 804 8892 or Post: Clivia 2006, PO Box 74 868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 Pretoria, RSA

Northern Clivia Club AUCTION 2006 ENTRY FORM

ESSENTIAL ENTRY DETAILS

TITLE & NAME OF SELLER

POSTAL ADRESS

PHONE # ( ) CONTACT DETAILS FAX # ( ) CELL # E-MAIL REGISTERED PLANT NAME (if applicable) NAME/ NO OF PHOTO SUBMITTED

NUMBER OF LEAVES (Minimum 10 leaves for Offset) Approximate average WIDTH OF LEAF (mm) Approximate average LENGTH OF LEAF (mm) PARENTAGE OF PLANT (if available) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PLANT (motivation) MOTHER PLANT □ OFFSET □

Your reserve price: R (S A Currency) Photograph submitted of mother plant □ or □ offset?

I agree to the “Conditions of Sale” as well as the “Rules and regulations “ for the auction.

SIGNATURE: ……………………………………………

DATE submitted to [email protected]:

Post to: Clivia Conference 2006 PO Box 74 868 0040 Lynnwood Ridge more Game Reserves which includes the our neighbouring Clivia Clubs in George and world known Shamwari, which has been East London to join us. Lots and lots of stalls voted "World's leading Conservation selling food and a variety of other products Company" and "World's leading safari and and possibly a live transmission by our local game reserve" (visit www.shamwari.com radio station will support the show. We will for more info), the Kragga Kamma Game naturally do our utmost to have television Park (www.kraggakamma.com ) only 15 coverage of the show again. minutes away from the City, the Addo Elephant Park which is known world wide We will endeavour to arrange accommoda- (www.parks-sa.co.za ) and the Sea View tion for our visitors with Club members. Game and Lion park on our door step (e-mail Failing that, we have reasonably priced B & [email protected]) B's in the area (plus minus R220 pp). We also offer the well-known Narrow Gauge SUGGESTED PROGRAM FOR VISITORS Steam Train called "The Apple Express" INTERESTED IN THE NOBILIS TOUR AND (www.apple-express.com) with day trips, EP CLIVIA FESTIVAL 2006 - PORT ELIZA- some of the best golf courses in the Country, BETH SOUTH AFRICA a casino, nature trails, fantastic shopping Wednesday 20 Sept malls, restaurants and respectable and rea- sonably priced Bed & Breakfasts, hotels, and …… Arrive by air in East London (visitors many more. (For more info visit the Port to hire cars). Elizabeth Publicity Bureau web 12h00 Arrive Kei Mouth Beach Hotel www.nmbt.co.za). Lunch Our Club started off as an Interest Group 14H00 Visit Clivia nobilis population. with an inauguration meeting in October Budget account - Whispering 1999. On our request we attained Club sta- Waves Resort (self catering) tus at the April 2002 Annual General Meeting Telephone / Fax +27 43 8411030 of The Clivia Society in Cape Town. Since then, the Club has shown a very healthy Meals - Kei Mouth Country Club growth from 80 to 242 members, the third Telephone / Fax - +27 43 8411083 largest Club in South Africa. We are fortu- ( fax weekday mornings only). nate to have well known Clivia growers like Charl Malan, Welland Cowley, Charl Coetzee Meals - The Calabash - Bruce cell - as well as some up and coming growers in 083 965 2241 the likes of Andrè Calitz, Johan Mostert, Note - The road from N2 highway to Kei Gideon Botha, Willie Le Roux, etc. Mouth will be tarred by this time. These gentlemen stock quality plants includ- Thursday 21 Sept. ing most of the species found in South Africa and are great supporters of our shows and 07H30 Leave for Port Alfred Clivia sales tables. 10H30 View Clivia nobilis population (s) To coincide with the International Clivia Port Alfred area. Conference to be held in Pretoria during 12H30 Arrive Grahamstown September 2006, we are planning a Clivia Lunch Gino's Restaurant - +27 46 festival on 22 - 24 September 2006. 6227261 To make it a bumper Show we have invited

21 14H00 View Clivia nobilis population Saturday 23 Sept. Grahamstown. 08H00 Those who wish, to depart for Cape Overnight Grahamstown Town. Grahamstown Accommodation 08H30 Show Guild - +27 46 6225777 10H00 -16H00Attend to wishes of those visitors who remain longer. Friday 22 Sept. 09H00 Depart for Port Elizabeth Sunday 24 Sept. 10H30 Arrive at Port Elizabeth show. Book 08H30 - 16H00 Show and attend to needs of in at accommodation arranged. the visitors 13H00 Refreshments served at show tea Contact persons. garden. Nobilis tour — 14H00 Propose - Visit growers in Port Charl Malan Elizabeth area. e-mail [email protected] or visit Kragga Kamma Game Park cell. 082 321 7906 or attend to special wishes of visi- Gideon Botha tors e-mail [email protected] 18H00 Auction of very special Clivia plants Cell 083 463 5416 from Charl Malan, seed and Accommodation & requests for outings seedlings and Gideon Botha as above possibly a sucker of that fabulous Show matters — green flower from Charl Coetzee, specials from Andrè Calitz e-mail [email protected] Welland Cowley, Andrè Calitz, cell 082 574 9058 Gideon Botha and Johan Mostert. 19H00 Attend a real South African braai (barbeque) and relax with a beer. e-mailWould [email protected] to see you in Port Elizabeth WillieTel: +27 Le Roux41 3603480 Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups

Cape Clivia Club Annual Show Events at the Cape Clivia Club. A very successful annual show was held at (These are just a few newsworthy items. A Bellville on 17 and 18 September, attended full report is tabled at the AGM of the Clivia by 1624 paying visitors, slightly up from the Society.) 1509 of 2004. Entries were automated with a programme written by Riël Lötter. Because of the weather, there were about 22 100 entries less than in 2004, but slightly Age differential 94 years! more entrants, particularly in the novice class. Sales were good despite the fact that The Club formally congratulated Mrs. fewer plants were in flower. The sellers were Margherita Blaser on her 101st birthday in satisfied with the total sales of about R87 October. During the year a beautiful silver 500, compared to R76 000 for 2004. The tureen was bought from Club funds and sale of general products such as pots was named in her honour. It is to be awarded for down and Gert Wiese's input was sadly the best Peach Clivia. The first recipient is missed. 30 new members were recruited. Felicity Weedon. The 2006 show will be held at the Bellville At the recent show, Mrs. Blaser won the sec- Civic Centre over 3 days, 23 - 25 September. ond prize for a specimen plant in flower. She (Monday 25 September is a public holiday). was beaten for 1st by Stefanie Engelbrecht aged 7 years! Stefanie also won the Best Displays/Exhibitions 2005 and 2006 Novice Class. Four additional displays were held, two at New colour chart Kirstenbosch 3 weeks prior to and 2 weeks after the main show, over 2 and 4 days Mick Dower and Claude Felbert are working respectively. Entry was free. This was rela- hard to design and compile a new, extended tively well attended, also by visitors from Colour Chart, with possibly up to 100 sepa- other countries. Some excellent plants were rate colours. Member's cooperation is exhibited. Lively interest was shown in the requested. activities of the Clubs and Society. On behalf of all the members of the Cape Two additional displays were also held at Clivia Club, we want you all (and your clivias) Hermanus and Houwhoek during the flower- to be healthy, wealthy and wise in 2006. ing season. At a recent committee meeting it was Eastern Province Clivia Club agreed to hold displays in the Sanlam Hall at Overberg Interest Group Kirstenbosch on 2-3 September and 30 ACTIVITY REPORT 2005 September to 3 October 2006. Displays or The year kicked off with the EP Clivia Club's exhibits will be held at Stellenbosch and annual general meeting in February 2005. Somerset-West if at all possible. An Altogether 53 members attended the meet- Interspecific show is planned for May or ing and the new committee members for June 2006. 2005/2006 were elected. During the year a meeting was held in The Committee tries to include different top- Hermanus to gauge the possibility of an ics for discussion at each open meeting. interest group in this area, where many Although the topics are aimed at all the retirees settle. Probably because of clashes members it is especially helpful for begin- with several sporting events, only a small ners. Committee Members are also available number attended, but further attempts will to act as mentors, free of charge, for new be made during the next year. members where requested. Four workshops was held and well attended André Calitz presented a power point pres- during the year. A CD answering the FAQ's entation on the construction of shade houses (most frequently asked questions) is planned aimed at the growers in the Eastern Cape for the near future. Region, which included the percentage shade cloth used, shelving and wood/metal

23 structures, during the February annual meet- caused most of the plants to flower early ing. Different shade houses where displayed with only a few showing signs of pushing a to give the audience a better idea of how flower for the show. However, nature did not space can be utilized. It was stressed that disappoint us and we eventually had almost growers have different preferences and that 200 plants of high quality and wonderful you learn by trial and error, which works best colours to exhibit at the show. for you. Despite two other major festivals held in the During our second open meeting held on 07 same area during this period and gale force May 2005 a total of 61 members and visitors winds blowing, we still drew a record num- attended. A friendly and lively discussion ber of 2151 people to the show during the took place about mishaps with the growing two days. We also recruited 22 new mem- of clivias. One member's dog ate her pre- bers. The books "Cultivation of clivias/ cious plant while another's plant was com- Kweek van clivias" were best-sellers and pletely malformed. A demonstration on har- many people commented on the quality of vesting and germinating by Willie le Roux the books. was very well received. Members were very interested in the topic and asked numerous Three firsts were achieved at the EP Clivia questions. show namely: The EP Clivia Club combined the third open • Best on Show, 1st Runner-up to Best meeting in July with an Interspecific Clivia on Show and 2nd Runner-up to Best on Mini Show. Altogether 27 plants of high stan- Show all belong to Charl Malan. dards and very good quality were entered. • In the beginners Class Tremaine Members of the club as well as the public Wesson's plants won Best on Show who attended the meeting voted for the Best and Runner-up to Best on Show. on Show and the runner- up. Welland • A very successful auction was held on Cowley's yellow "moondrops" was awarded the Saturday afternoon where special the floating shield for Best on Show while plants and seedlings of high quality Willie Le Roux's double-headed light orange were up for grabs. Mingard received the floating shield for run- We believe that we would not have achieved ner-up. all this without the help of our sponsors, the Rudo Lötter paid a visit to our Region at the exhibitors and very committed club and same time and delivered a talk on committee members. We would like to thank Interspecifics at the open meeting. The slide our judges for a job well done. No complaints show was very informative and well pre- were received which proved what a great pared. Unfortunately the special topic show we had. "Preparing plants for the show" was not Our last open meeting of the year will be held delivered due to the length of the slide show on 19 November and will be followed by a but members were invited to contact the "Get-together braai". committee before the annual show in September should they have any queries per- The EP Clivia Club wishes everybody a taining to the topic. happy Christmas and prosperous new year. May you enjoy this Christmas season. The last two to three weeks before the 24th and 25th of September was a very stressful Best regards period for most of the EP Clivia Club growers as the weather didn't play along this year. We had an unusually "warm" winter which Editor: Newsletter Maxie Calitz 24 KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club Well done to Liz & Glen for winning most of the sections in the Novice Classes. Dear Members In fact to all of you who competed and All the shows are over and now most clivia helped make the Show such a success - enthusiasts are madly pollinating their plants Congratulations. and hoping for some really good seed heads for breeding and selling next season. The The winning plants were really fine speci- shows always seem to cause a large amount mens and well deserved the top positions. of stress and anxiety in deciding what plant to put on. Will my best plant be ready on the A well-known Clivia Judge from another part day or will it drop a bloom or two whilst of RSA was heard to comment, that if she being transported over bumpy and rough had to choose only one Show that she could farm roads? Will the umbel be knocked off attend, it would be the KZN Clivia Show, while taking it out of the back of the bakkie, because of the diversity in colour and genet- and / or will the whole lot topple over while ic material. A real feather in our cap! swerving or breaking to avoid some incon- Sunday Tribune Garden Show went off very siderate fellow driver! Well, now that is over well, with one very windy day and Sunday for the time being and most of us can relax being overcast and drizzly. Although it was and enjoy a few late bloomers and go 'hunt- late in the flowering season for clivia, there ing' in the garden amongst the first flowering were some really spectacular colours and seedlings in the hopes of finding the ultimate unusual flowers. As only 2 exhibitors were "show stunner" for next year!!!! able to find a few late flowering plants, it was Congratulations to all the main prizewinners decided not to have official judging. Sales and especially the novice competitors. The went well and the public took a keen interest standard and plant variation in the different in all aspects of clivia growing. classes was really amazing this year - many The cherry on the top was that our Club won more 'first time on the show' plants, had the a second medal, GOLD this time. visitors, public, casual gardeners, exhibitors and growers oooooing and aaaaaing at the The judges were most impressed with the wonderful huge umbels and spectacular presentation of our stand especially the wide colour variations that seem to appear year selection of colours. Information on diseases after year. and pests and the main objective of the club, which is to conserve our original genetic Well, done to our prize winners: material from location, also gave us good Gardenii Show Kloof June 2005 points. A big thank-you to all who helped at the Best on Show Sean Chubb shows - your assistance is really appreciat- Runner up Pieter van Rooyen ed by the Chairman and his Committee. Clivia Show September 2005 Regards Best on Show Liz and Glen Boyd CHAIRMAN. Runner-up Sean Chubb NorthernSean Chubb Clivia Club 3rd Sean Chubb THE NORTHERN CLIVIA CLUB Most Points on Show Sean Chubb 2005 was busier than usual at the Northern Runner up Liz & Glen Boyd 25 Clivia Club. We hosted the AGM of the Clivia Next year we will be hosting the International Society during May which was well attended Clivia Conference and Show. Much work and and proved to be a huge success. The infor- effort has already gone into the organizing of mal get together on the Friday evening was this prestigious event to be held at the great and gave us all the opportunity of Council for Geosciences and the National meeting with the members of the other Clubs Botanical Gardens. There are pre- and post- and renewing old friendships and cementing conference tours scheduled to enable the new ones. My thanks to all those who con- visitors to see clivias growing in their natural tributed to making these events such a great habitat. I extend a hearty invitation to all to success. Their hard work and effort is much come and visit the Jacaranda city and appreciated. attend this event which is only held every four years. At the AGM, two of our interest groups, namely, the Metro Group and the Free State Wishing all members, enthusiasts and Clivia Interest Group, were granted Club sta- friends a wonderful festive season and may tus. We wish them both well and may they as the year 2006 live up to your wildest clivia individual Clubs flourish and prosper in the expectations. coming years. Our other Interest Groups, the Waterberg Border interest Group Boslelie Group and the Lowveld Clivia Group Peter Lambert are both thriving and helping to promote Our year to date awareness for clivias in their respective areas. May they too continue the great work We had a successful clivia display early and continue growing in the coming years. Sept, as opposed to a full-blooded show; pri- marily because of so many flower groups For our Annual Show we returned to the having already booked weekends and the Wilgers Hoerskool. The show is definitely the early date was not really ideal in terms of highlight of our clivia calendar and once open blooms. Nevertheless we had a lot of again proved to be a resounding success. visitors, positive feedback and some gener- The show plants were beautiful with many ous donations, which covered expenses and spectacular pastels on display for the first fed the kitty as well. We did manage to dis- time. Herman van Rensburg was the overall play all 6 species and had photos of early/ winner. The sales area was a hive of activity late flowerers next to the respective plants. on both days and there were many bargains to be had. A super weekend was had by all We intend to have a full-blooded show in and once again thanks to those who con- 2006 over a 3-day period. This is a high pri- tributed and ensured that the Show was a ority, as venues must be secured well in huge success. advance. It will be after the 2006 internation- als maybe mid Sept at this stage. We have Fewer information sessions were held this our last 2005 meeting on Sunday and I shall year. This was done to accommodate those advise you ASAP of the 2006 show dates. members that travel long distances to attend the meetings. Much was learned at the meet- In the meanwhile may your new seedling ings and many interesting discussions were produce blooms that even the judges will held. The members, however, seem to have swoon over!! a need for more meetings and therefore we will be increasing the number of information sessions again next year. John Roderick

26 Garden Route Clivia Club orange and yellow broad tepals as well as the apricot/ pastel categories. Yellow and SHOW REPORT pastel flowers seem to be very popular in The Garden Route Clivia Club had its third this part of the country. Annual Show during the first weekend of The layout of the school hall received a lot of October. The late season was again not a compliments. Passing the garden display in factor and this was the best show that was the foyer, one entered the hall where the presented for the past three years. 27 par- flowers were exhibited on long platforms of ticipants entered 267 plants in 33 categories. different heights, with the centre of the hall First, second and third prizes were awarded on a lower level as the sides, so that almost in each category. A few of the entrants had all plants were immediately visible. In front of exceptionally good results, with Gerrie Brits the stage in the centre was a raised dais with taking 15 prizes and Piet Theron and three levels on which the Best on Show and Lourens Vosloo seven each and Andrè Calitz the two runners-up were displayed. To the from the PE Clivia Club six prizes in all. left and right of this dais were two more stands with plants on three different levels. The three judges, Geraldine Vermaak, Diné and Coen Calitz, were all very impressed by Sellers were once again accommodated the outstanding quality of flowers and plants inside the hall alongside the walls and on the in all categories. stage, forming an exhibit on its own to enhance the overall appearance of the Show. For some reason this year's show was not as A great variety of plants and flowers were on well attended as in previous years. sale and many visitors supported the sellers Nevertheless, visitors and participants from thereby earning the club a substantial the East and West Cape as well as clubs amount in commission. from the interior considered this one of the best shows in South Africa - of which we are The Garden Route Clivia Club would like to very proud, considering that our club has thank the members from the Port Elizabeth less than sixty members. Clivia Club for their support both in exhibit- ing as well as selling. The Club would also The Best on Show entry was exhibited by like to thank Cobus Roos for negotiating the Ian Vermaak with a very vigorous plant donation from Effecto. The Effecto stall entered in the Variegated Flowering category. attracted a lot of attention and they are also The outstanding orange umbel had 27 very satisfied with the support they received from big florettes of 12 to 13 cm in diameter. The visitors to the show. surprising thing is that the plant only started showing variegation in its second year after The club offered a starter pack consisting of Ian purchased it from Mick Dower some five seedlings of different ages together with years ago. Unfortunately the breeding histo- plant bags and a bag of potting soil donated ry of this plant is unknown. by a local compost manufacturer. The club would like to thank Gordon Fraser for donat- First and second runners-up to the best on ing these seedlings. show went to the Malan Brothers. First run- ner-up was a beautiful apricot/ pastel broad The new publication "The Cultivation of tepal and the second runner-up a broad tepal clivias" proved very popular and the club's yellow flower. stock was wholly depleted at the show. All the 33 categories were very well repre- The chairman Gerrie Brits would like to sented with most plants exhibited in the thank his committee for all their hard work

27 and support to make this the Best Show we The plants were judged by Koos have had so far. Geldenhuys, Ernie Hobbs, Louis Swanepoel and their teams and we owe them a big Report by: 'Thank you!' for taking the time off to assess the plants on Friday the 9th of September. A Chairman superb yellow broad petal clivia miniata Gerrie Brits received the award of Show Champion and Joburg Clivia Club this plant was displayed by Dawie Strydom. Show report of the Joburg Clivia Club Show. Dawie was also awarded the best on show at the Johannesburg show in 2004. Well-done Johannesburg hosted their fifth annual clivia Dawie Strydom! Runner up to best on show show this year. This is the first show to be was an entry of Dawie van Heerden. This held under the banner of the Joburg Clivia peach coloured, broad tepal Clivia miniata Club. had a symmetrical round head and was The Joburg Clivia Club held their show this much admired at the show. Dawie's wife year on the 10th and 11th of September at Cora was responsible for the exceptional Garden World Nursery. Owing to the unusu- grooming of this and their other entries and ally warm winter, clivia started blooming the public were complimentary about the earlier than usual in Johannesburg. Despite appearance of their exhibits. Chris Viljoen the early start to the blooming period the was awarded the runner up prize in 2004 at number of exhibits on the show table the Johannesburg Clivia Show with an increased by thirty percent. We hope this is unusual pink miniata bloom and this year his a sign that the members are willing and pre- exhibition of a bronze Clivia miniata with a pared to show their plants on the exhibition green throat was awarded the honour of table. A separate exhibition table was intro- third best on show. duced to display "interest plants". These The grooming of the plants this year was far plants attracted a lot of attention owing to superior to that of 2004 and shows a greater their good quality. The interest table will, I'm interest by members in displaying their sure, attract many more entries next year as plants. The display of exhibited plants was there is no competition involved in this sec- again placed on low tables to show the tion and grooming is not an issue. umbels off to perfection. The venue for the show this year was within The public showed great interest in the prop- the nursery. This provided an attractive agation of clivia from seed and the helpers at entrance to the show area. The plants suf- the information table must be complimented fered because of the exceptionally warm on their patience and help with the numerous weekend, but we were rewarded with a enquiries received. Twenty new subscrip- good attendance at the show, slightly up on tions were received at the show for 2005, 2004. The public showed a particular inter- even though there is only one more meeting est in any unusual plants for sale and these to be held with a year-end celebration. The plants sold quickly. There is definite evi- Clivia Society publications sold well with the dence of buyer sophistication as far as clivia booklet on clivia cultivation selling particu- purchases are concerned. This in turn will larly well. challenge the stallholders to provide unusual colours, variegated or broad leaf plants, The sellers this year had to contend with the which appeal to fellow collectors as well as hot conditions and despite this most were the general public. satisfied with their sales. A big thank you to the volunteers, who set up the exhibition

28 area, helped with the judging administration townsfolk with ideas and plants to get start- and benching and stayed on after the close ed with. of the show to help with cleaning up. Without these unsung heroes a show would We noticed that the Clivia Interest is growing be difficult to run successfully. amongst many, and it is so good to see youngsters so interested in Clivias. . Gift Ideas Northern KZN Interest Group Glynn Middlewick Lovely pottery pots Year Review Special mulches e.g. nutshells, acorns, and fine pebble/gravel The past year has passed all too soon. Our Interest Group is going from strength to Books strength. Marking pens/garden marking pens Our Clivia Show Little ''things'' to identify plants e.g. plas- tic stirrers, etc Our Clivia Show was well attended this year, again held at the Majuba College Hall. We Diary had a record-breaking number of entries, Gift subscription to a Clivia Club and all the plants on show were in fact show Thermometer to measure ''Clivialitis'' if things winners! (This I heard from several people). really get bad. The Best on Show went to a local - Dries Olivier, Second Runner up (also a local)- Conclusion Larry Mulligan and Third best to Pieter van It is only an honour to be involved in the Rooyen from the Kranskop District. The Clivia Business, knowing that it is an indige- Judges were Sean Chubb and Sarel Naude. nous gift. The process in making them We had stalls outside and a wide variety of known can be difficult. By admiring the clivia accessories were on sale. The KZN clivias, one can see there was an Upper Clivia Club was very fortunate in enrolling 8 Hand in the making of these lovely plants. new members. Clivia Greetings Highlights Hottie Human, our Chairman, was invited to judge at the Nelspruit Clivia Show. This is Waterberg BoslelieKlub Northern KZN Clivia Interest Group. only a learning and sharing experience, one Annual Report of the Waterberg Boslelie never reaches the "I know everything'', and Group (2005) he shares his knowledge their and at home. He was also fortunate in visiting ''Clivia This group reorganized on 8 February this Unlimited''. year and the following persons were elected Marketing Chairperson Ans Jacobs, vice Chairperson Ernst Ferreira, Secretary Johan Jacobs, Our local magazine gave us a good write up treasurer Bets Rossouw and the additional in the Spring issue. members are Willem Hattingh, Piet and Rina We are working on a Clivia Route, which van der Merwe. should be functional next year. The 31 members are from Warmbad There are members who are providing the (BelaBela), Nylstroom (Modimolle), Naboomspruit (Mogophong), Settlers,

29 Potgietersrus (Mokopane) and Pietersburg pp in aid of charity. Information: (014) 717 (Polokwane). Attendance of meetings fluc- 3674 tuates depending on distances to travel and health, but the spirit and enthusiasm is high. NCC Clivia show, Hoërskool die Wilgers, Except during March all meetings were held 3&Pretoria. 4 Sept. 8:00 on the second Tuesday of the month. The attached programme is indicative of our fin- ished activities of the year. Reflection at Clivianna, Kerkstr. 214, Modimolle Henriette Stroh and her team did the adjudi- 13 Sept Tues. 10:00 cating at our show in August. WATERBERG BOSLELIE-GROUP, ANNUAL Meeting at Gordon Smart, Naboomspruit. PROGRAMME 2005 11 Oct Tues. 10:00 Conclusion at Dorothy Vermeulen, Re-organization & Year planning at Clivianna, 12Eersbewoond Nov. Sat. 14:00Road 8Church Feb. Tues.St. 214, 10:00 Modimolle (Nylstroom) Lowveld Interest Group Dr. Koos Henning: "Have you wondered how Johan Jacobs Lowveld Clivia Interest Group 2005 report 12your Apr. clivias Tues. grow?" 10:00 at Clivianna, 214 Church St., Modimolle. (Nylstroom) on activities. 1. Liaison: Enjoyed a visit on the farm at Lien Joubert, • The Lowvelder: 10Avon, May Settlers. Tues. 10:00 Discuss photography of Interesting articles accompanied by photo- clivias. graphs written by Sue Kloeck on the activi- ties of the Lowveld Clivia Interest Group are Henriette Stroh: "Is my clivia ill?" by Bets a regular feature in The Lowvelder the (local 14Rossouw, June Tues. 5 10:00Boshoff St., Modimolle newspaper). (Nylstroom) • Newsletters: A newsletter with relevant information from Discuss show arrangements at Ernst various sources is sent out every quarter by 12Ferreira, July Tues. Mokopane 10:00 (Potties) Maria Grové. • Information Pamphlet: Discuss show arrangements at Clivianna, An information pamphlet including colour 9214 Aug. Church Tues. St., 10:00 Modimolle, (Nylstroom) photographs and contact details has been developed by the Lowveld Clivia Interest Boslelie Display at Mokopane Mall Group and has been made available to the public at various nurseries and information 20Mokopane Aug. Sat (Potties) 8:00 offices. 2. Show: Boslelie Display at Susan Strydom Skool 27Hall, Aug. Modimolle Sat. 8:00 (Nylstroom) Entrance R5.00 A very successful show was held from 9 to 11 September 2005 at Hoërskool Bergvlam

30 in Nelspruit. Although fewer plants were areas in the Lowveld where clivias occur in entered in the show this year the quality and nature. preparation of the plants was an improve- ment on the 2004 show. ± 800 visitors vis- 5. 2005 Garden Show - Lowveld Botanical ited us during the two days in comparison Gardens: with 500 visitors in 2004. Members manned a stall at the Lowveld Members of other Clivia Clubs also showed Botanical Gardens annual Garden show to plants at the Lowveld Clivia show for which promote the 2005 Clivia show as well as to we are very grateful. A bronze clivia owned determine the possibilities of presenting the by Geoff Meyer was best on show while Paul 2006 Clivia show at the Botanical Gardens. Kloeck and James Warrington were first and 6. 2006 Clivia World Congress: second runners up respectively. Some of our members are involved in the The Lowveld Clivia Interest Group would planning of trips to Clivia's in their natural also like to express thanks to the members habitat during the week preceding the 2006 from the Northern Clivia Club, (Dr Lena van Clivia world congress. Mpumalanga is the der Merwe, Sarel Naude and Geoff Meyer) only known locality where natural crosses as well as Hottie Human from the Northern between and Natal Clivia Interest Group for judging our occur. show plants. Lowveld greetings!Clivia miniata Clivia A project to promote clivia art was initiated caulescens during 2005 and culminated in an exhibition during the clivia show. We hope that more On behalf of Lowveld Clivia Interest Group artists will become involved in using Clivia's TOOWOOMBADaan Dekker CLIVIA SOCIETY Inc. as a theme for painting in future. HOLDING OF THE CARNIVAL OF FLOWERS 3. Information sessions: DISPLAY Information sessions were presented on the The Toowoomba group of clivia enthusiasts following topics during 2005; held their annual Carnival of Flowers display • Nutrition of clivia's presented by Norman at Walsh's Seeds Garden Centre during the Weitz as well as Clivia growth mediums Carnival of Flowers Week from Friday, presented by Dave Barber from BRAAKS. September 16 to Saturday, September 24, (March) 2005. • Preparation of show plants as well as This year however, the group ran under the show rules presented by Sarel Naudé (April) new banner of Toowoomba Clivia Society Inc., a group with now over 40 members and • "The breeding of Interspesifics presented affiliated with Garden Clubs of Australia. by Rudo Lotter (June) After the popularity of its first clivia display 4. Project " Shiyalongubo": last year, the group bit the bullet and decid- The Lowveld Clivia Interest Group is current- ed to extend the display from six days to ly in discussion with Mpumalanga Parks nine days, even though we are suffering Board on the possibility of placing the from extreme drought conditions. Shiyalongubo clivia population under the We admit some clivia flowers looked a bit protection of the Interest Group. worse for wear, but we are a courageous lot Shiyalongubo is one of a few very sensitive out here in Aussie with our long shows, as

31 opposed to the South African shows, which on, and with the knowledge from the older, are usually held over a weekend. more experienced growers like Kevin Walters and Kev and Coral Larsen, In the absence of clivia displays in other Toowoomba should be in the forefront of states of Australia in recent years, clivia growing in Australia. Toowoomba has become a mecca for a number of clivia enthusiasts over the annual The Toowoomba Clivia Society Inc. is Carnival of Flowers. extremely proud of its display and next year should even be bigger, as we are hoping to The display once again was of a high stan- go to a new venue, the Toowoomba Tafe dard with much variety characterizing the College, adjacent to Toowoomba's biggest display. A few of the standout clivias in the park, where they have an area for us in the display were Anderson's Peach, a beautiful horticultural section of the college. It will be soft peach owned by Ian Anderson; a similar bigger and affords improved parking facili- coloured peach Jordan's Apricot, which last ties. This, combined with an increased year flowered much darker for the original membership, augers well for a successful owner Curly Jordan, hence the name Apricot, 2006 Carnival of Flowers display. but for the owner of an offset from it, Brian Steven, it flowered a lot lighter. The Carnival of Flowers next year will be a little early. The official dates are from Friday A new Chubb's Peach appeared, which was September 15 to Saturday, September 24, a second or third generation one. The flow- 2006. ers were an amazing improvement on the original Chubb's Peach seen regularly Hoping to see more of the clivia enthusiasts around Toowoomba. This was exhibited by in Toowoomba in September 2006. Bruce Newton. Another clivia to catch the public's imagination was a cuppy multi-petal B orange with over 40 flowers on its first flow- President ering. This was a seedling from Yoshi Toowoombarian Steven Clivia Society Inc. Nakamura and was exhibited by Brian REPORT FROM THE CLIVIA SOCIETY OF Steven. AUSTRALIA (CSA) - Bryan Paten As well as these, there were a lot of first A few of our members and a small number of flowering seedlings from Japanese, South other Clivia enthusiasts recently participated African and Sydney nurseries. Some inter- in a presentation by John Van Der Linde and esting clivias also seem to be emerging from his wife Beth during their brief stopover in the crosses of Bill Morris using his Tango as Melbourne. a parent. These, combined with a mixture of interspecifics, variegates, darumas, broad- John showed us a collection of images on leafed plants and reflexed petal varieties Mirabilis growing in the "wild" and with added to a great show. John's accompanying talk on Mirabilis, it was a most enjoyable and informative ses- Sales of plants, seedlings and seeds meant sion. most of us ended up adding to our clivia col- lections. It seems to be a common cry John, on request also took the time to show "where am I going to put them?" us his collection of images of the recent Clivia shows and displays that were held in As the newer members obtain more varieties New Zealand. It was great to see and I of clivias and a variation of colours, the dis- grabbed the opportunity to send my con- play can only improve each year. This, with the local hybridising of newer types going 32 gratulations to Di Smith on the wonderful as a consequence the numbers attending the displays by the Clivia Club of NZ. Auckland Clivia Show were down. The Clivia flowering season here in However, on a much brighter note, the qual- Melbourne this year seems to have been the ity, quantity and stunning colour of the best for the last few years. Let's hope it is as clivias on display was exceptional. Having good next year. had storms all week, exhibitors were worried about damaged flowers, broken scapes, As announced in our August report, I stood etc., and of course the delicate task of trans- down as President of the Clivia Society of porting the plants to the Show. Some mem- Australia on October 31st because I simply bers, such as Tony Barnes, traveled 6 hours. have too many commitments and activities Set-up day ran smoothly and as the display happening in my life at the present time. plants arrived there was much excitement. Pen Henry is now in control of the society as Here in Auckland we had experienced an Vice-President until such time as we find a early flowering, some at the beginning of replacement president and volunteers to fill September, so it was with great anticipation the vacant executive positions that were that we waited to see if the beauties had advertised in the last Clivia Chronicle. been able to delay their flowering. What arrived was exceptional! New Zealand Clivia Club We have been privileged to have John and We have had the privilege of hosting John Beth van der Linde from Cape Town with us and Beth van der Linde from Cape Town dur- for all the Clivia Shows. John was busy dur- ing October. It was an excellent time of shar- ing the Auckland Show, not only talking on ing and learning about clivias in South Africa both days to visitors and showing photos of and showcasing clivias here in NZ. John and clivias in South Africa, but also meeting and Beth travelled to Whangarei to meet mem- chatting to members. bers up there, down to Tauranga to the regional Clivia Show and to New Plymouth It was encouraging to see a large number of for the Clivia Show, which this year coincid- hobbyists display their plants for the first ed with the beginning of the Rhododendron time. As we still don't have competition, the Festival. John and Beth travelled many miles Club ran a 'Peoples Favourite Clivia' compe- to meet and chat with members and growers tition. Visitors to the exhibition are asked 'If not only in the Auckland region, but also in you could take one clivia home with you, the smaller towns of Hamilton, Cambridge, which one would it be?"... The winner was Ruakaka, Rotorua, Taupo and Wellington. We David Brundell's "Heaven Scent". This plant appreciate John and Beth coming this far to was exceptional in its beauty, its size and visit us and look forward to many more had sheer presence. The perfume was Clivia enthusiasts visiting New Zealand, divine. With a 'Vico Yellow X Vico Yellow' especially during the 2008 International Clivia parentage (from an offset of Vico Yellow ex Conference to be held in Auckland. Sir Peter Smithers), the plant was a show- stopper. Runner-up was Tony Barnes with Auckland Clivia Show his gorgeous pastel. Just goes to show, that It was fingers crossed that perhaps this year a plant can travel so far and still be a winner. the weather would be kind to us here in This year, the Committee decided to focus Auckland, but alas, it was not to be. Gale on education. We had been kindly donated force winds and torrential downpours again by Cesar Zapata, 60 shot glasses. Members tormented us throughout the weekend and were encouraged to display a single floret. 60 single florets made an awesome display

33 and showed off the different types of flow- Regional Shows ers available. Keith Hammett did a talk to Shows were again held in Whangarei, visitors on all of these aspects each after- Tauranga and New Plymouth. Time and noon of the Show. We also had an Edu- space does not permit to describe the beau- Clivia Centre. On these tables were displayed tiful clivias on display. Each show was held all the species, with information on each in awesome gardens belonging to Club species and plants that had recovered from members. We are grateful that every year various pest invasions. The most popular they allow us to display. The New Plymouth aspect was the clear pots that displayed show was held in conjunction with the first clivia roots from seedlings to mature plants. week of the Rhododendron Festival. It was Despite the ghastly weather, the show was a incredibly busy with busloads of visitors. resounding success and the display plants Intense interest was shown in the clivias on display, most people saying they had never were stunning. seen such beautiful colours and thought At 5pm on the Saturday, the Annual General there were only orange clivia in existence. It Meeting took place. It was encouraging to was a great opportunity to encourage peo- see the Classroom at the Botanic Gardens ple to take up membership with the Club and full. Ian Baldick was elected as the new learn more. Chairman with John Meyer elected as Vice- The NZCC look forward to a busy 2006 and Chairman. I am sure the new Committee wish all our international Clivia friends a will keep you informed and up to date with prosperous and happy New Year. issues as they take place. The Annual Dinner took place in the evening. Secretary The evening went off with a ' bang'. The con- DiREPORT Smith FROM THE AMERICAN CLIVIA fetti crackers, the whistles, funny hats, the SOCIETY (ACS) bubble war, the excellent pinot noir, more I'm afraid I've been tied up in two hurricane than made up for the fact that the restaurant relief efforts and in the process of moving had double booked us and we had to make for the last two months. These events have do with a smaller facility. It was a squash, pretty well put everything "Clivia" on hold for but a lot of fun. me. The American Clivia Society would like 'The Guest Speaker was John van der Linde. to thank Stephen Orr for writing the short John had a power-point presentation on article "The New Clivias" in the December in South Africa. It was an 2005 "House and Garden" magazine, and for extremely interesting talk and slide show mentioning AmericanClivia.org as a source C. for learning more about them. Page requests mirabilis,and to see Clivia how grows over there. We certainly have a lot to learn from to the web site soared to over 33,000 in the last week alone. I had no idea such an our South African C.friends. mirabilis (John did com- ment that dinners he had attended in SA, obscure mention would bring such traffic to were not usually so 'riotous' - oh dear!! Our the web site. I hope that directly translates into more interest in our plant of choice. excuse is we are Kiwis!!) The American Clivia Society would like to All in all, despite the weather, it was a won- thank everyone who posted pictures and derful weekend. Again thanks to all who information about this year's shows on the assisted, the vendors, especially Ian and CE group. We all enjoyed feasting our eyes Barb Duncalf and Peggy Pike, who traveled upon your wonderful creations, people and up from the south to sell and you the mem- the events of 2005. bers.

34 James Black For Sale

Advertisements. Tariffs for advertising in try in which you reside. Bossie would then the Clivia Society Newsletter: be in a position to suggest the most eco- Smalls (1 to 6 lines): R25.00 nomical option. Australian, UK, New Zealand Smalls (7 to 10 lines): R30.00 and USA members are reminded that they can order via Ken Smith, Dr Hamish Sloan, Quarter page: R70.00 Di Smith and James Black respectively — Half page: R125.00 see inner back pages for contact details. Full Page: R250.00 Also note that further discounts can be nego- A5 separate page insert: R600.00 tiated with Bossie for orders exceeding 10 of A4 separate page insert: R800.00 a specific item. The following items are available:

Item Approximate price (US $)* Yearbook 6 15 Yearbook 5 15 Yearbook 4 10 Yearbook 3 10 Yearbook 2 10 Yearbook 1 out of stock Cultivation of Clivias 15 Volumes 1(1992) to 11 (2002) of newsletters 10 per volume Set of volumes 1 to 10 available on request International membership list – hard copy 2 International membership list – electronic format No charge * Including postage and banking charges if paid by credit card. Contact Bossie de Kock for quotation re payments made by cheque.

(You will be sent an account from the treas- urer for the appropriate amount.) Private advertisements: Clivia species, interspecifics and specialities. From the Clivia Society: Participate in our coordinated imports and Overseas members can order back volume exports of seeds and plants - Asia, ANZ, N. Am. copies of the yearbooks and newsletters (since & Eu. Connie Abel, Pretoria, +27-12-3616406 or 1992) via the society. South African members [email protected] should approach their local branches. We must Yellow Nogqaza strains from R15 to R120. point out that it is difficult to quote a fixed price Orange from R1 to R6 for mature plants. Delivery without knowing the method of payment and anywhere. SOUTH AFRICAN CLIVIA PLANTATION, delivery. We suggest you contact Bossie de Box 855, Hilton 3245. Call 082- 955 5433. Kock (the treasurer) via e-mail at: Clivia miniata. Seed R100 per kilogram. Year old [email protected] or by fax at plants R2 each. Roly Strachan, Box 57, Highflats +27 12 804 8892 and list the items you are 3306 or Tel. (039) 835 0085 evenings only. interested in as well as the name of the coun-

35 Swamp gardenii and miniata seed and species and original wild collected and named seedlings available from various Natal and clones of clivia. Mail order and visitors welcome. Transkei locations. Phone Andrew (039) 3135024 For our latest plant list please contact Sean and a/h or cell 082 7845401. Terri Chubb. Tel: 031 7811978 e-mail: Clivia miniata: Creams, yellows, peaches, apri- [email protected]. We also have available a few cots, reds, pastels and polychromes. Seed, hundred different named daylily clones. seedlings, mature plants and offsets of stock Peach seedlings (three years old) at R75 per plants bred and selected over 25 years. Contact plant. Contact Rudo Lötter on 072 777 0956 or Bing Wiese, Pretoria tel/fax (012) 460 6382 to via e-mail at [email protected]. view. The collection of the late Jack Coetzer of Thurlow Flora: We have on offer a large variety Mulbarton is for sale. Interested parties can con- of carefully bred seedlings and mature plants for tact his widow (Dawn Coetzer) at tel +27 11 432 sale. We specialize in pastel colours, oddities, 3003 (after hours). Clivi-Arta

Santa Clivia Christmas stockings requests for their Christmas stockings. We {Cape Clivia The editor requested members to note their Clivia-related Club] were able to ask only a few members: Mick Dower wants the new Colour Chart to be completed by the industrious, creative elves and ready when he wakes up on Christmas morning. Ian Brown wants a white Clivia with a bright green throat. John Winter wants Clivia pots - lots and lots of them. Claude Felbert wants a stock- ing filled with entries for the photographic competition. Johan Schoombee wants the world's best red Clivia. Coen Calitz wants a magical trebling of the growing space for his Clivia.

Coen Calitz

36 CLIVIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS Chairman: Chris Vlok, PO Box 99583, Garsfontein 0060, Tel H +27 12 998 5942, e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Lena van der Merwe, PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, Tel & Fax +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Chairman: John van der Linde, 1 Wheelan Str., Newlands, 7700 Tel & Fax +27 21 671 4535. e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Bossie de Kock, PO Box 38539, Garsfontein, 0042, Tel +27 12 998 3620, e-mail: [email protected] Office Bearer: Ken Smith, 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E- mail: [email protected]

REPRESENTATIVES OF CONSTITUENT CLIVIA CLUBS Cape: Claude Felbert, Felicity Weeden, Coen Calitz Eastern Province: Andrè Calitz and Gideon Botha Northern: Lena van der Merwe, Peter Lambert, Bossie de Kock KwaZulu-Natal: Sean Chubb Free State: Hennie van der Mescht Garden Route: Gerrie Brits Joburg Glynn Middlewick

REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS Tony Barnes. Ngamamaku, 1521 Surf Highway 45, R.D.4 New Plymouth, 4061 New Zealand. Tel. 64-6-752 7873. E-mail: [email protected] Ken Smith. 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee, NSW 2777, Australia. Tel +61 2 47543287. E-mail: [email protected] Aart van Voorst. Frederick Hendriklaan 49, Hillegom, TE 2181, Netherlands. Tel: +31 252529679; email: [email protected] James Black. 8235 North 128th East Avenue, Owasso, Oklahoma 74055 USA. Tel (918) 272-4623. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Hamish Sloan, 40 Wendan Road, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 7AF, England, UK. Tel: 044 1635 47417; e-mail: [email protected]

OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

New Zealand Di Smith, 71 Taylor Road, Mangere Bridge, Auckland, New Zealand. Tel: (09) 634 6807 or 021 231 9200; e-mail: [email protected] CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS Cape Clivia Club: Joy Woodward (Secretary). PO Box 53219, Kenilworth, 7745. Tel (h) +27 21 671 7384, Tel (w) +27 21 799 8768, Fax +27 21 797 0002. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Eastern Province Willie le Roux (Chairperson) PO Box 19292, Linton Grange, Port Clivia Club: Elizabeth, 6015. Tel & Fax: +27 41-360 3480. E-mail: [email protected] KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club: Sean Chubb (Chairperson). Thurlow Farm, PO Box 126, Eston, 3740. Tel & Fax: +27 31 781 1978. E-mail: [email protected] Northern Clivia Club: Lena van der Merwe (Secretary). PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040. Tel & Fax: +27 12 804 8892. E-mail: [email protected] Border Interest Group: John Roderick. PO Box 2429, Beacon Bay, 5205. Tel: +27 82 567 7069. Fax: 0866124473. e-mail: [email protected] Free State Clivia: Hennie van der Mescht, 18 Mettam Street, Fichardt Park, Bloemfontein, 9322. Tel. +27 51 522 9530. Fax: +27 51 436 4340. E-mail: [email protected] Garden Route Gerrie Brits (Chairperson). Tel: +27 44 8028420. Clivia Interest Group: Fax: +27 44 8707550. Cell: 082 7385 842. E-mail [email protected] Joburg Clivia Club: Glynn Middlewick (Chairperson). 2 Willow Road, Northcliff, 2195. Tel +27 11 476 1463. E-mail: [email protected] Northern KZN: Hottie Human (Chairperson). PO Box 20244, Newcastle, 2940. Tel +27 34 3181327 or +27 82 290 6332. E-mail: [email protected] Waterberg Boslelieklub: An Jacobs. PO Box 3893, Nylstroom, 0510. Tel & Fax: +27 14 717 23674. E-mail: [email protected] Zoutpansberg: Anneke Stroebel (Secretary). PO Box 1712, Louis Trichardt, 0920. Tel +27 83 326 6073. Fax +27 15 516 5710. E-mail: [email protected] Lowveld interest group: Ian Radmore (Secretary). PO Box 1146, White River, 1240 Tel: +27 13 751 2051. E-mail: [email protected] Overberg Clivia Interest Felicity Weeden. P O Box 1468, Hermanus,7200. Tel: + 27 28 Group. 316 3092. E-mail: [email protected]. Or Caroline Phipps. Tel: + 27 73 221 5267, or 028 341 0014.

EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER Roger Fisher. PO Box 856, Irene, 0062, Republic of South Africa. Tel: +27 83 602 7736 or +27 12 420 2550. Fax: +27 12 667 2406. E-mail: [email protected]

PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Cobus Roos. Tel +27 82 416 6178. E-mail: [email protected]

YEARBOOK EDITORIAL John van der Linde. 1 Wheelan Street, Newlands, 7700. Tel +27 21-671 4535. E-mail: [email protected]. »