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33068000956335.Pdf ITESM ¿ - Ge fv;PUS CD . ..,...... ..., 1J M~ x,c··o ¡, L '. '·-' BIBLIOTECA Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México División de Ingeniería y Arquitectura Maestría en Administración de las Telecomunicaciones Centro de Investigación en Telecomunicaciones y Tecnologías de la Información "IMPACTO DE LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA DE ACCESO DSL SOBRE UNA RED METROPOLITANA PARA ENTREGA DE INFORMACIÓN FINANCIERA EN TIEMPO REAL EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO" Autor: Contreras Barón Ricardo Tomás 992343 Asesor(es): Dr. Jose Ramón Alvarez Bada Dr. Guillermo Alfonso Parra Rodríguez México, D.F. Marzo 2004 RESUMEN El crecimiento de las tecnologías de acceso ha permitido que los medios que anteriormente eran obsoletos como el cobre, en comparación con los desarrollos de la fibra óptica, las técnicas inalámbricas y las transmisiones satelitales; tomen un nuevo auge en la integración de una solución viable para los accesos a Internet que permitan a más usuarios su conexión al mismo y que los costos de conexión sean más atractivos para estos usuarios. Sin duda, el acceso al Internet de banda ancha es uno de los mayores éxitos de los operadores telefónicos de la actualidad. Esto da al operador el potencial de ofrecer muchos nuevos servicios tanto a clientes residenciales como a corporativos, por lo que introduce modelos de conexión dependiendo de las necesidades del cliente. El presente trabajo plantea la necesidad de enviar información en tiempo real que está en función del movimiento financiero de los mercados mundiales y que sea entregada hasta el usuario final en forma confiable y segura. El modelo que se tiene trabajando para la entrega de información en tiempo real es a través de una red YPN, dicho modelo plantea ser modificado por una red de acceso DSL que haga menos costosa la solución y aumente las posibilidades de clientes potenciales para adquirir esta nueva plataforma, sin dejar de tomar en cuenta la seguridad del transporte de la información y su entrega al usuario final en forma confiable, es decir siempre disponible en el momento que el usuario necesite consultarla. IV INDICE RESU1v1EN _____~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-IV Capítulo 1 ______________________________ Introducción ----------------------------~ 1.1 Antecedentes ---------------------------~ 1.2 Definición del problema ________________________ 2 1.3 Objetivo 3 1.4 Hipótesis 3 1.5 Justificación 4 1.6 Conclusión 4 Capítulo 2 6 Marco teórico 6 2.1 Modelo de la red metropolitana. 6 2.2 Conceptos y funcionalidades básicas de las redes metropolitanas. 14 2.2.1 Componentes de una red de área metropolitana. 14 2.2.2 Servicios de una red de área metropolitana 15 2.2.3 Gestión de redes 16 2.3 Tendencias tecnológicas y del mercado 17 2.3.1 FDDI-11 17 2.3.2 SMDS --------------------------~ 18 2.3.3 ATM ---------------------------- 19 2.4 Seguridad de la red metropolitana. ____________________ 21 2.5 Modelo de DSL sobre la plataforma de Internet. 23 2.5.1 Modulación 29 2.5.2 ATM sobre enlaces ADSL 36 2.6 Reparto del ancho de banda. 38 2. 7 Medios físicos. 40 2.8 Ámbitos y aplicaciones. 45 2.9 Servicios DSL en México. 50 2.1 O Conclusión. 55 V Capítulo 3 ____________________________ 74 3.1 VDSL. 74 3.1.1 Introducción 74 3.1.2 Velocidades ------------------------- 75 3.1.3 Selección del ancho de banda 76 3.1.4 Topología del VDSL 77 3.1.5 Códigos de línea 78 3.1.6 Transmisión FDD-DMT 81 3.1.7 Aspectos pendientes en el desarrollo de YDSL 83 3.1.8 Aplicaciones YDSL ______________________ 84 3.2 HDSL. 86 3.2.1 Descripción 86 3.2.2 Código de línea 87 3.2.3 Ancho de banda----------------------~ 87 3.2.4 Aplicaciones 90 3.3 SDSL. ________________________ 94 3.4 IDSL. ________________________ 96 3.5 EtherLoop. ___________________________ 97 3.6 G.shdsl. 98 3. 7 Normativas. 99 3.7.1 Introducción 99 3.7.2 Organismos ------------------------ 100 3. 8 Comparaciones con otras tecnologías. _________________ 105 3.9 Conclusión. 112 Capítulo 4 124 Reuters como caso de estudio 124 4.1 Misión. 124 4.2 Perfil de la empresa 124 4.2.1 Segmentos de Clientes 125 4.2.2 Portafolio de empresas del grupo Reuters. 126 4.3 Ambiente financiero y noticioso alrededor de Reuters. 126 VI 4.3.1 La marca: Conociendo quién es Reuters. _________________ 127 4.3.2 CSR (Corporate Social Responsability). 127 4.4 Descripción del negocio. 128 4.4.1 Descripción del socio tecnológico. 135 4.5 Descripción mercadológica. 136 4.5.1 Etapa de los insumos. 136 4.5.2 Etapa de la adecuación. 137 4.5.3 Etapa de la decisión. 137 4.5.4 Resultados. 139 4.6 Maximizando el retomo de inversión 141 4.6.1 Maximizando el retomo de inversión a través del diseño de la red 142 4.6.2 Soporte para los servicios de venta al mayoreo 144 4.6.3 Diseño para los Servicios de video 145 4.6.4 Maximizando del retomo de inversión por bajos costos de operación. 147 4.6.5 Bajo costo de aprovisionamiento mediante la minimización de circuitos virtuales.__ 149 4.6.6 Aislando problemas en forma rápida con la integración de las pruebas de lazo. 150 4.6.7 Desempeño y confiabilidad como un diferenciador de la red. __________ 153 4.6.8 Maximizando el retomo de inversión a través del marketing y ventas. _______ 154 4. 7 Promoción del valor del acceso de banda ancha. --------------~ 156 4.8 Servicio a cliente mediante el soporte técnico. 158 4.9 Conclusión. 159 Capítulo 5 1 73 Propuesta de entrega de información financiera en tiempo real con el acceso DSL 173 5.1 Los negocios están orientados hacia DSL. 173 5.1.1 Los servicios de DSL como una solución para conectar sitios pequeños 174 5.1.2 DSL está ganando aceptación por el mercado 175 5.2 El valor agregado del socio tecnológico para los servicios de DSL. 176 5.3 Planeación de la capacidad de la red de tiempo real. 178 5.4 Modelo de la red metropolitana para la entrega de infomrnción financiera en tiempo real. 182 5 .4.1 Características de las aplicaciones. ------------------- 184 5 .4. 2 Perfiles de la aplicación financiera estándar. ---------------~ 186 VII 5.4.3 Aplicaciones "streaming". ______________________ 186 5.5 Arquitectura de la aplicación de Reuters. __________________ 187 5.6 Configuración en el sitio del cliente. 190 5.7 Conclusión. 191 Conclusiones. 199 Vlll INDICE DE FIGURAS Capítulo 2 Figura 2.1. Redes metropolitanas interconectadas 58 Figura 2.2. Red troncal para interconexión del LAN 58 Figura 2.3. Red interconectada por ATM 59 Figura 2.4. Amenazas a la seguridad 59 Figura 2.5. Tecnologías xDSL 60 Figura 2.6. Equipamiento para tecnologías xDSL 60 Figura 2.7. División de espectro en 256 subfrecuencias 61 Figura 2.8. Frecuencias de AM 61 Figura 2.9. Ejemplo de codificación en QAM 62 Figura 2.1 O. Modulación DWMT 62 Figura 2.11. DSLAM interconectado hacia W AN 63 Figura 2.12. DSLAM trabajando con una red de transporte 63 Figura 2.13. Modelo de trabajo del DSLAM 64 Figura 2.14. Protocolos con ATM sobre ADSL 64 Figura 2.15. Modelos propuestos para trabajo de ATM sobre ADSL 65 Figura 2.16. Comparativo de la utilización del ancho de banda por canal 65 Figura 2.17. Comparativo de la utilización del ancho de banda 66 Figura 2.18. Multiplexión de división de frecuencia en DSL 66 Figura 2.19. Características del par trenzado en DSL 67 Figura 2.20. Características de la fibra óptica 67 Figura 2.21. Influencia de características de cableado sobre DSL 67 Figura 2.22. Servicios que se pueden ofrecer con un sistema DSL 68 Figura 2.23. Servicios de valor agregado con un sistema DSL 68 Capítulo 3 Figura 3.1. Sistema de comunicación VDSL 114 Figura 3.2. Fibra de Cabinet 114 Figura 3.3. Flujo de infamación de VDSL 114 Figura 3.4. Single-Carrier VDSL asimétrica 115 IX Figura 3.5. Comparación de la capacidad de transmisión para PAM y CAP basada en VDSL 115 Figura 3.6. Distribución del ancho de banda------------- 115 Figura 3.7. Top o lo g í a I de VDSL 116 Figura 3.8. Topología II de VDSL 116 Figura 3.9. Espectro multitono discreto 117 Figura 3.1 O. Espectro Discreto Multitono Wavelet 117 Figura 3.11 (a). Uso de ventanización en el receptor y el transmisor para DMT en VDSL 117 Figura 3.11 (b ). Uso de ventanización en el receptor y el transmisor para DMT en VDSL 118 Figura 3.12. Sistema VDSL "Zipper" 118 Figura 3.13. Comparación VDSL vs ADSL_____________ 119 Figura 3.14. Sistema de comunicación HDSL 119 Figura 3.15. Conparacion de los espectros de frecuencias de HDSL y Tl AMI_ 119 Figura 3 .16. Hiperlink E 1. Módem digital HDSL de 2 Mb/s para líneas de cobre de 2 ó 4 hilos--------------------- 120 Figura 3.17. Módem digital HDSL para bastidor de 19" ________ 120 Figura 3.18. Módem SDSL de 3COM 120 Figura 3.19. Router remoto 840 SDSL de 3COM----------- 121 Figura 3.20. Concepto básico de ISDN-BA (DSL) 121 Capítulo 4 Figura 4.1. Modelo de entrega servicio DSL usando BRAS------- 161 Figura 4.2. Modelo de entrega servicio DSL con DiffServ 161 Figura 4.3. Modelo de entrega servicio DSL usando "tunneling" para diferentes ISP 162 Figura 4.4. Modelo de entrega servicio DSL usando usando el protocolo multicast 162 -------------------------~ Figura 4.5. Modelo de entrega servicio DSL usando DSLAM remoto ____ 163 Figura 4.6. Modelo de entrega servicio DSL usando un VC para todos X Figura 4.7.
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