The EU in the world 2018 edition STATISTICAL BOOKS The EU in the world 2018 edition Printed by Imprimerie Centrale in Luxembourg Manuscript completed in April 2018 Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 © European Union, 2018 Theme: General and regional statistics Collection: Statistical books Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Copyright for photographs: cover photo: © Eleanor Hennessy/Shutterstock.com; introduction: @ Javier Rosano/Shutterstock.com; part A: © Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com; part B: © Gabor Kovacs Photography/Shutterstock.com; part C: © onemu/Shutterstock.com. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. For more information, please consult: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright Print: ISBN 978-92-79-86484-1 PDF: ISBN 978-92-79-86485-8 doi:10.2785/64273 doi:10.2785/990579 Cat. No: KS-EX-18-001-EN-C Cat. No: KS-EX-18-001-EN-N Foreword Foreword The first Eurostat publication to carry the title The EU in the world was a special edition, produced in 2010 for World Statistics Day. The EU in the world 2018 is the fifth edition of this publication in its current format. The content and structure have been revised each year to include several new indicators. The EU in the world 2018 provides a selection of important and interesting statistics on the European Union — considered as a single entity — in comparison with the 15 non-EU members of the Group of Twenty, a leading forum of the world’s major economies, more commonly referred to as the G20. Drawing from the vast amount of data available at Eurostat and from other international and national sources, we aim to give an insight into European society, economy and environment as compared with other major world economies. I hope that you will find this publication interesting and useful both for your work and your daily life. Mariana Kotzeva Director-General, Eurostat The EU in the world — 2018 edition 3 Abstract Abstract This publication provides a statistical portrait of the European Union in relation to the other major economies of the world, in other words, all members of the G20 group of countries. It complements information found in two of Eurostat’s main publications, Key figures on Europe and the Regional yearbook, as well as the hundreds of articles available from Eurostat’s Statistics Explained web portal. It may be viewed as an introduction to European and international statistics and provides a starting point for those who wish to explore the wide range of data that are freely available from a variety of international organisations and on Eurostat’s website at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Editors-in-chief Helene Strandell and Pascal Wolff (Eurostat, Unit B4 — Dissemination and user support) Acknowledgemens The editors-in-chief would like to thank their colleagues who were closely involved in the publication’s preparation. Contact details Eurostat Unit B4 Statistical Office of the European Union Joseph Bech Building 5, rue Alphonse Weicker 2721 Luxembourg E-mail: [email protected] Production and desktop publishing This publication was produced by Giovanni Albertone, Simon Allen and Andrew Redpath — INFORMA s.à r.l. Data extraction period The data presented within this publication were extracted during March and April 2018. An online data code available under most tables/figures can be used to access directly the most recent data on Eurostat’s website. All statements on policies within this publication are given for information purposes only. They do not constitute an official policy position of the European Commission and are not legally binding. To know more about such policies, please consult the European Commission’s website at: http://ec.europa.eu For more information please consult Eurostat’s website: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ 4 The EU in the world — 2018 edition Contents Contents Foreword 3 Abstract 4 Contents 5 Introduction 7 Part A. People 15 1. Population 16 2. Living conditions 28 3. Health 36 4. Education and training 46 5. Labour market 56 Part B. Economy 67 6. Economy and finance 68 7. International trade 82 8. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 92 9. Industry, trade and services; tourism 104 10. Science, technology and digital society 112 Part C. Environment 119 11. Transport 120 12. Energy 128 13. Environment 140 Annexes 151 Units, abbreviations and acronyms 152 National statistical authorities 154 Data sources 155 The EU in the world — 2018 edition 5 Introduction Introduction Eurostat and the European ESS also coordinates its work with enlargement statistical system countries and with other European Commission services, agencies, the European Central Bank Eurostat is the statistical office of the European (ECB) and international organisations such as the Union (EU), situated in Luxembourg. Its task is to United Nations (UN), the International Monetary provide the EU with statistics at a European level Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the Organisation that enable comparisons between countries and for Economic Co-operation and Development regions. Eurostat’s mission statement is ‘Trusted (OECD). statistics. Informed Europeans. Better decisions. Eurostat and its partners in the ESS aim We provide high quality statistics for Europe’. to provide relevant, impartial, reliable and Eurostat aims: comparable statistical data. Indeed, access to • to provide other European institutions and the high quality statistics and Eurostat’s obligation governments of the EU Member States with for trustworthiness are enshrined in law. the information needed to design, implement, monitor and evaluate EU policies; Cooperation on statistics with • to disseminate statistics to the European public international and worldwide and enterprises and to all economic and social agents involved in decision-making; organisations • to implement a set of standards, methods In a globalised world, statistical organisations and organisational structures which allow are working to define and implement common comparable, reliable and relevant statistics to concepts, classifications and methods for making be produced throughout the EU, in line with worldwide comparisons of official statistics. the principles of the European statistics code European and international standards have been of practice; developed through joint work conducted by • to improve the functioning of the European national statistical systems and international statistical system (ESS), to support the organisations such as the European Commission, EU Member States, and to assist in the the UN, the IMF, the World Bank and the development of statistical systems at an OECD. This work has led to the formation of a international level. worldwide statistical system that strives to use Since the creation of a European statistical office a common language, international methods in 1952, there has always been a realisation and standards to produce comparable data at that the planning and implementation of regional, national and international levels. European policies must be based on reliable Examples of the results of this work include : and comparable statistics. As a result, the ESS was built-up gradually to provide comparable • classifications — such as the International statistics across the EU. standard classification of education for various levels of education and the International The ESS is a partnership between Eurostat standard industrial classification for economic and the national statistical offices and other activities; national authorities responsible in each EU • manuals — for example, the system of Member State for the development, production national accounts, the Canberra handbook and dissemination of European statistics; this on household income statistics and the partnership includes the member countries of Frascati manual for research and development the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The statistics. 8 The EU in the world — 2018 edition Introduction The Group of Twenty or G20 The G20 brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies, comprising In September 1999, the finance ministers and 19 country members and the EU. The country central bank governors of the Group of Seven members include four EU Member States (or G7) members announced their intention to (Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom), ‘broaden the dialogue on key economic and and 15 non-EU members from the rest of the financial policy issues’. The establishment of the world: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, G20 recognised the considerable changes in the India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi international economic landscape, such as the Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and growing importance of emerging economies, the United States. The EU (coloured blue) and or the increasing integration of the world’s the 15 non-EU members from the rest of the economy and financial markets. In November world (coloured orange) are shown in Map 1. The 2008, during the financial and economic crisis, G20 members covered 60 % of the world’s land the leaders of the G20 members convened for area and generated 86 % of the world’s gross the first time in Washington D.C. (the United domestic product (GDP) in 2016, and were home States). Between November 2008 and March to 64 % of the world’s population in 2015. 2018, the G20 held 12 Leaders’ Summits to seek agreements on worldwide economic matters. Map 1: EU-28 and G20 members EU-28 15 non-EU G20 members © Eurogeographics© Eurogeographics ©UN-FAO ©UN-FAO @TURKSTAT @TURKSTAT The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply ocial endorsement or acceptance by the European Union. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the European Union.