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Authenticity in the Conservation of Historic Houses and Palace-Museums

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Authenticity in the Conservation of Historic Houses and Palace-Museums International Conference ICOM DEMHIST-ARRE AUTHENTICITY IN THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC HOUSES AND PALacE-MUSEUMS ‘The Truth is rarely pure and never simple.’ OSCAR WILDE Palace of Compiègne and Palace of Versailles, France 7 – 11 October, 2014 International Conference ICOM DEMHIST-ARRE AUTHENTICITY IN THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC HOUSES AND PALacE-MUSEUMS Palace of Compiègne and Palace of Versailles, France 7 – 11 October, 2014 Proceedings of the International Conference AUTHENTICITY IN THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC HOUSES AND PALACE-MUSEUMS L’AUTHENTICITÉ DANS LA CONSERVATION DES DEMEURES HISTORIQUES ET CHÂTEAUX MUSÉES ICOM Comité international DEMHIST Historic House Museums – Demeures historiques Musées – Residencias Históricas-Museos and ARRE Association of European Royal Residences Association des Résidences Royales Européennes Palais de Compiègne, 7-11 octobre 2014 This volume is a collection of the presentations made by speakers at the international conference which was held at the Palace of Compiègne on 7-11 October, 2014. This publication was made possible by the contributions and the work of ICOM DEMHIST (ICOM’s International Committee for Historic House Museums) ARRE – Association of European Royal Residences National museums and domain of Compiègne and Blérancourt Selection Committee: John Barnes, ICOM DEMHIST and Historic Royal Palaces Céline Delmar, Association des Résidences Royales Européennes Peter Keller, Museum Kirchen Bertrand Rondot, Etablissement Public du Château, du Musée et du Domaine national de Versailles Emmanuel Starcky, Musées et domaine nationaux de Compiègne et Blérancourt Marie-Amélie Tharaud, Musées et domaine nationaux de Compiègne et Blérancourt Luc Vanackere, Kasteel Van Gaasbeek Editorial Committee: Elena Alliaudi, John Barnes, Céline Delmar, Juliette Rémy, Bertrand Rondot, Ayşen Savaş and Ann Scheid. Translators: Alia Corm, Kathie Berger Publication Design: Tania Hagemeister © DEMHIST and ARRE. ISBN: 978-92-9012-419-1 © cover: Palais de Compiègne, Marc Poirier / Fondation Le Corbusier, ADAGP, Olivier Martin-Gambier / Zamek Królewski w Warszawie, Lech Sandzewicz / Thomas Garnier TABLE OF CONTENTS Compiègne, Restitution and Its Nuances A Return to Authenticity: The Restitution of Former • EmmanuEl Starcky .................................................. 9 Historical States at Fontainebleau in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century The Reconstruction of the Royal Castle in Warsaw • JEan-PiErrE Samoyault........................................... 87 • PrzEmySław mrozowSki.......................................... 17 Should the Château of Chambord Remain Empty? The Quest for Authenticity in the Restoration From a Historical Layout to Rational Refurnishing of Champs-sur-Marne: The Cahen d’Anvers Chateau • luc forlivESi ....................................................... 93 • rEnaud SErrEttE • SébaStiEn boudry....................... 25 Authenticity in Palace Museums: Authenticity in Modern House Museums: Versailles, Bbetween the Ideal and the Possible Scope and Legibility of Interventions • béatrix SaulE .....................................................101 • robErta GriGnolo................................................. 31 Digital Anastylosis: Historic House Museums in Italy: Developing a Virtual Conservation Methodology A New Frontier for Conservation for Historic Houses and Interiors Historical and Critical Considerations • Jonathan Gration • douGlaS cawthornE................107 • Silvia cEcchini................................................... 41 To Live In, Maintain, and Enhance The ‘Seventh Sense’: an Historic House Authenticity – or What are the Consequences • lanfranco SEcco Suardo.................................... 47 for the ‘Gesamtkunstwerk Neues Palais’ in Potsdam? The Restoration of the Building The Experience of a 25-Year Change of Views • GabriElE horn..................................................115 on Authenticity • dr. Jurn a.w. buiSman .......................................... 51 The Restoration of the Interiors • SamuEl wittwEr ...............................................119 The Spirit of Place: A Golden Thread That Runs Through the Management of Historic Places Reconstructing Authenticity: • Sarah Staniforth.................................................. 59 Erimtan Archaeology and Arts Museum in the Ankara Citadel Spirit of Place Rekindled: • Prof. dr. ayşEN SAVAş...........................................123 The Temple Newsam Story • ian fraSEr . 65 Science or Faith? Doubtful Truths in House Museums Authenticity Regained in the Löwenburg in Kassel: • linda younG........................................................131 The Reconstruction of an Artificial Ruin. Possibilities and Limitations Workshop: Sustainable Development and Authenticity • aStrid arnold-wEGEnEr........................................ 73 • Edward r. boSlEy ................................................137 Are Authenticity, Identity and Museography Compatible? Workshop: ‘They trod these stones’: Visitor El Escorial and Yuste Monasteries, Perceptions of Authenticity at Hampton Court Palace Paradigms of Re-creation and Authenticity • ailEEn PEircE • daniEl JackSon ..............................141 • Paz cabEllo-carro ............................................... 79 Biographies ......................................................149 FOREWORD Organised jointly by the International Committee for Historic House Museums (ICOM DEMHIST) and the Association of European Royal Residences (ARRE), the conference ‘Authenticity in the Conservation of Historic Houses and Palace- Museums’ took place from 7-11 October 2014 at the Palace of Compiègne (France). This multidisciplinary, international conference aimed to contribute to the debate on authenticity in the conservation of historic house museums and palaces, to discuss how the idea has changed over time and to participate in the dissemination of best practices. In order to explore the subject properly, the programme lasted five days: two conference days at the Palace of Compiègne on 7 and 9 October and three days visiting some of the most emblematic residences of the Île-de-France region on 8, 10 and 11 October. The Palace of Compiègne designed by Jacques-Ange Gabriel for Louis XV, completed by Louis XVI, then refurbished by Napoleon I, perfectly illustrates the complexity involved in the notion of authenticity in conservation, particularly in relation to multiple historical layers across time. Speakers at the conference were international specialists, researchers, practitioners and professionals in the field. Workshops also provided a forum for discussion on specific subjects. Exclusive visits to other significant sites in the region enabled participants to discuss the issues of authenticity that they raise: the former royal residences of Fontainebleau and Versailles; the Duke of Aumale’s castle in Chantilly and the Cahen d’Anvers château in Champs-sur-Marne; the castle of Pierrefonds (restored by Viollet-Le-Duc for Napoleon III) and the privately-owned château du Fayel. This meeting was for professionals employed in the field of historic house museum conservation and anyone who wished to contribute to this fascinating subject at some of France’s most outstanding sites. Presentations were in French or in English and translated simultaneously into either of the two languages ; the proceedings are also available online in English and French. COMPIÈGNE, RESTITUTION AND ITS NUANCES Emmanuel Starcky The idea of the ‘restitution’ of a former historical state, with the intention of presenting within a room only the objects, furniture and wall-hangings that appeared together in that room at a given time, to the exclusion of any other contents, was implemented at the Palace of Compiègne from immediately after the World War II. This approach, which aspired to a very pure kind of authenticity, on occasion went so far as to lead to the destruction of existing decor in order to avoid anything anachronistic! These notions have now evolved, with the rigour and respect for what has been passed down to us, high standards and a desire to allow the layers of time to be perceptible now guiding our current restoration efforts. It seems to us, therefore, that it is important to consider the multiple layers of the code of conduct regarding authenticity, and to take into account three essential parameters: the viewpoint of posterity, the viewpoint of today’s visitors; and the reconciliation of public interest with our desire to preserve and honour our heritage. • • Restitution • authenticity • First Empire • Second Empire • • Reasons why ‘the Truth is rarely Conserving a park or a manor house endowed with pure and never simple’ admirable architecture, original décor, furnishings and perhaps collections, and, ideally, the patina of age, seems I was asked to provide an introduction to this conference to many French people to be a rare opportunity to pro- in an attempt to define from the outset the issues surroun- vide a better understanding of history and art, in that ding the notion of authenticity, using Compiègne, not as lifestyle is a component of each of them. Furthermore, a role model, but as a place of experimentation. through its restoration and acquisition policies, the Palace Personally, the root of my keen interest in authenticity of Compiègne aims at the greatest possible authenticity, in historic houses and palace museums lies in my intense while also highlighting different layers of history, whether admiration for Great Britain. Waddesdon
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