Fundação Escola Superior Do Ministério Público Faculdade De Direito Curso De Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu - Mestrado

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Fundação Escola Superior Do Ministério Público Faculdade De Direito Curso De Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu - Mestrado FUNDAÇÃO ESCOLA SUPERIOR DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO FACULDADE DE DIREITO CURSO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU - MESTRADO CARLA DE ABREU MEDEIROS DO ANTROPOCENTRISMO AO ECOCENTRISMO: subjugando o dilema da (não) atributividade de direitos fundamentais aos animais em decorrência do princípio da senciência PORTO ALEGRE 2018 De Abreu Medeiros, Carla Do antropocentrismo ao ecocentrismo: subjugando o dilema da (não) atributividade de direitos fundamentais aos animais em decorrência do princípio da senciência / Carla De Abreu Medeiros. -- Porto Alegre 2018. 136 f. Orientador: Raquel Fabiana Lopes Sparemberger. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Faculdade de Direito da Fundação Escola Superior do Ministério Público, Mestrado em Tutelas à Efetivação de Direitos Indisponíveis, Porto Alegre, BR-RS, 2018. 1. Direitos dos Animais. 2. Sujeitos de Direito. 3. Ser es Sencientes. 4. Igualdade de Direitos. 5. Direitos Funda mentais. I. Lopes Sparemberger, Raquel Fabiana, orient. II . Título. CARLA DE ABREU MEDEIROS DO ANTROPOCENTRISMO AO ECOCENTRISMO: subjugando o dilema da (não) atributividade de direitos fundamentais aos animais em decorrência do princípio da senciência Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, área de concentração Tutelas à Efetivação de Direitos Indisponíveis, linha de pesquisa Tutelas à efetivação de Direitos Públicos Incondicionados, da Faculdade de Direito da Fundação do Ministério Público, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Direito. Orientadora Prof. Dra. Raquel Fabiana Lopes Sparemberger Porto Alegre 2018 CARLA DE ABREU MEDEIROS DO ANTROPOCENTRISMO AO ECOCENTRISMO: subjugando o dilema da (não) atributividade de direitos fundamentais aos animais em decorrência do princípio da senciência Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, área de concentração Tutelas à Efetivação de Direitos Indisponíveis, linha de pesquisa Tutelas à efetivação de Direitos Públicos Incondicionados, da Faculdade de Direito da Fundação do Ministério Público, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Direito. Aprovada em _____ de _________________ de ______. BANCA EXAMINADORA __________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Raquel Fabiana Lopes Sparemberger Orientadora __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Mauricio Martins Reis Examinador __________________________________________ Prof.(a) Dra. Márcia Andrea Bühring Examinadora Convidada Porto Alegre 2018 À minha avó Bia, mulher forte e guerreira, que me ensinou desde pequena diversos valores, entre eles amar os animais, independente da espécie. Ao Rodrigo, meu maior exemplo de ser humano altruísta e correto, dedicado à sua profissão e seus sonhos. Sempre com seu coração aberto para amar algum novo animal e dono dos petiscos que a Maya mais ama. À Maya, Bono, Frida, Guria, Mel, Django e Joe Fumaça, meus filhos peludos que me ensinaram que para amar não se faz necessário possuir o dom da fala. Um simples olhar já transmite o seu amor incondicional. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha avó Dona Verinha, a qual carinhosamente chamo de Bia, por toda tolerância que teve nos momentos em que estive ausente realizando o presente trabalho. Agradeço por sua compreensão, pois mesmo não entendendo e concordando com os meus motivos, sempre me apoiou e me deu forças, sentindo orgulho de cada conquista. Ela sempre me ensinou a lutar pelos meus ideais, lutar pelo que entendo ser correto, bem como, fazer o bem a todos que me cercam. É um exemplo de força e garra. Me ensinou a amar os animais e escolher a minha profissão. Hoje colho os frutos da semente que ela, com tanto amor, plantou em meu coração. À minha tia Cassandra, pelo amor, carinho, amizade e, principalmente, por ter me dado meu afilhado Lucas, um menino encantador que sempre ouve o mundo ao seu redor com tanta atenção e busca se tornar um ser humano melhor – mesmo sem perceber – a cada dia. À minha madrinha, que dedicou sua vida a minha família, me cuidou desde o meu nascimento sempre com um amor maternal e belas histórias para contar. Seu coração é de uma grandeza e pureza inigualável. Ao meu melhor amigo e parceiro Rodrigo e minha amiga do coração Ana Carolina, que sempre me estimularam e me acolheram nos dias difíceis. Foi de onde retirei o suporte afetivo e psicológico que tanto precisei para seguir em direção àquilo que acredito e defendo. À minha orientadora Prof. Dra. Raquel Fabiana Lopes Sparemberger, que sempre me orientou quando precisei, com conselhos acadêmicos e pessoais, me estimulou quando desanimei e, acima de tudo, me acolheu nos momentos que precisei. A todos os professores e funcionários da Fundação Escola Superior do Ministério Público, aos quais agradeço nas pessoas das queridas, atenciosas e sempre disponíveis Secretárias do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Adelita e Camila. A todos os colegas, companheiros de jornada acadêmica, cujo convívio e troca de experiências foram demasiadamente importantes para conclusão desta etapa. A todos os seres (humanos ou não) que respeitam uns aos outros e a natureza em que habitamos. Aos que amam os animais e entendem que o ser humano é apenas mais um ser entre todos eles. "Os animais não existem em função do homem. Eles possuem uma existência e um valor próprios. Uma moral que não incorpore essa verdade é vazia. Um sistema jurídico que a exclua é cego”. Tom Regan RESUMO Esta pesquisa enquadra-se linha de pesquisa Tutelas à efetivação de Direitos Públicos Incondicionados do Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Fundação Escola Superior do Ministério Público, área de concentração Tutelas à Efetivação de Direitos Indisponíveis. Apesar do crescimento da literatura e da ciência ambiental, percebe-se que o ser humano ainda expressa uma consciência indiferente às questões éticas relativas à natureza, particularmente no que se refere à qualidade de vida do animal (não-humano). O Direito, neste aspecto, é ainda rudimentar quanto à questão do direito dos animais, tomando-os apenas como objetos de proteção mais do que como sujeitos de direitos. O homem sempre foi o ser supremo, único com valor no mundo, com uma visão totalmente antropológica. Com o passar do tempo novas teorias foram surgindo, reconhecendo os animais como seres pertencentes ao mundo juntamente com os humanos, e não mais para os humanos, como a teoria do biocentrismo. Não significa que se pretenda diminuir a relevância da vida humana, mas sim formar uma necessária reflexão no sentido de conciliar as particularidades de um grupo e outro e, por fim, garantir- lhes o gozo pleno de suas existências, definindo-os como igualmente sujeitos dignos de defesa jurídica, pois são entendidos como entidades orgânicas, vivas, sencientes, ou seja, capazes de reagirem, em graus diferentes, física, psíquica e emocionalmente em relação ao mundo, o que por si só já é valor digno de ser protegido ética e juridicamente. Este conjunto de atributos, com os quais os humanos partilham em nível diferente, é suficiente para que se estabeleça direitos fundamentais a todo tipo de vida senciente, considerando-se a premissa moral de se tratar igualmente os iguais e desigualmente os desiguais, na busca de realizar uma melhor igualdade de condições naturalmente desiguais. Neste sentido, a luta do Direito assume um caráter de interesse transgeracional e, por conseguinte, a preservação dos animais é um fator a ser considerado na questão da sustentabilidade da espécie humana. O direito dos animais, no entanto, não se restringe a esta finalidade. Sua principal questão é a consideração do valor intrínseco da vida do animal, que merece respeito e garantias à sua dignidade. O estudo procurou responder as seguintes questões: “Os animais têm seus direitos protegidos no Brasil e ao redor do mundo? São eles sujeitos de direitos?”. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, desenvolvida através de abordagem dedutiva. Quanto às fontes, caracteriza-se como bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que o direito dos animais ainda não é matéria de positivação jurídica, bem como, que as leis existentes ainda são falhas e com penas excessivamente brandas. Portanto, faz-se necessário uma profunda análise dos argumentos filosóficos, doutrinários e jurisprudenciais que permitem a inclusão dos animais no ordenamento jurídico para além de meros seres semoventes, e sim sujeitos de direito, com normas mais eficazes para garantir sua proteção e o direito a uma vida sem sofrimento. Palavras-Chave: Direitos dos animais. Sujeitos de Direito. Seres sencientes. Igualdade de Direitos. Direitos Fundamentais. ABSTRACT This research is part of the research line for the implementation of unconditional public rights of the Master Course of the Postgraduate Program in Law of the Public Prosecution Superior School Foundation, the area of concentration for the Protection of Rights Unavailable. Despite the growth of environmental literature and science, it can be seen that the human being still expresses an indifferent conscience to the ethical issues related to nature, particularly with regard to the animal's (nonhuman) quality of life. Law, in this regard, is still rudimentary on the issue of animal rights, taking them only as objects of protection rather than as subjects of rights. Man has always been the supreme being, unique with value in the world, with a totally anthropological vision. Over time new theories have emerged, recognizing animals as beings belonging to the world together with humans, and no longer to humans, such as the theory of biocentrism.
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