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Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures

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Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures STRUCTURAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER STRUCTURES Proceedings of the International Conference September 20-22, 2017 Istanbul, Turkey Organized by HASAN KALYONCU UNIVERSITY FACULTY of FINE ARTS and ARCHITECTURE (HKU-GSMF) & YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTER for PRESERVATION of HISTORICAL HERITAGE (TA-MIR) Edited by E. Görün ARUN SHATIS’17 Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures September 2017 The papers herein are published in the form as submitted by the authors after scientific reviewing. Minor changes have been made where obvious errors and discrepancies were met. Cover Design: Ali Osman Kuruşcu © Hasan Kalyoncu University Havalimanı Yolu 27410 Şahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey Sponsor: ISBN: 978-605-62703-7-6 Baskı / Printed and Bound: PREFACE The SHATIS International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures is a meeting organized every two years by countries with a rich history in timber structures and an advanced industrial and academic background in the wood sector. After 3 successful conferences in Portugal, Italy and Poland the 4th edition of the SHATIS in 2017 is in Istanbul, Turkey. Timber is a gift of nature offering a lot of benefits mainly as a construction material to build vehicles, ships, dwellings and larger structures since early history. It was also used together with masonry to improve masonry’s structural behavior due to its high tensile strength as compared to masonry. Timber roofs and domes covered architectural spaces with masonry walls. There are diverse applications of timber in all ancient cultures all over the world and Anatolia or Asia Minor, has a very rich heritage in this respect. For example, the 2800-years old Gordion Tumulus near Eskişehir-Ankara, which is still standing, is completely in timber. In Central Anatolia, there are medieval mosques built completely in timber. Unfortunately, today most timber dwellings are under the danger of deterioration through the crucial environmental problems of urbanization, natural hazards, ignorance and new demands of the society. Structural health assessment of timber structures focuses on traditional and contemporary timber structures bridging links between timber architecture and engineering, wood-based industries and the building sector in general. The theme of the conference covers a broad range of areas, including restoration and strengthening, inspection and monitoring, non-destructive testing, experimental results and laboratory testing, analytical and numerical approaches, historical aspects and general methodology, innovative and traditional materials technology, case-studies, codes and guidelines. SHATIS’17 is organized jointly by the Hasan Kalyoncu University Faculty of Fine Arts and Architecture and Yıldız Technical University Research Center for Preservation of Historical Heritage. This biannually held conference provides an international and interdisciplinary forum for researchers, experts and people from application to exchange their experience and knowledge and disseminate information on preservation of timber structure. Its aim is to enhance knowledge, increase awareness of the current technology and methodology and encourage studies of different disciplines working on timber structures. Contributions of different disciplines from 20 countries present their own experience and ongoing research activities in an interdisciplinary way. The papers presented in this Conference Proceedings have been chosen through the triple blind evaluation method of the Conference Scientific Committee. We wish to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to the Scientific Committee for spending their precious time in reviewing; editing and making significant recommendations to the authors. Special thanks to our sponsors and supporters for their invaluable and generous financial and technical contributions which indeed provide important link between the people in application and academia. It is hoped that these contributions may be useful for professionals and researchers engaged in the problems of preservation and for those who have interest in the Timber structures. Dr. Görün Arun On behalf of the SHATIS’17 Organizing Committee September 2017 iii COMMITTEES INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Zeynep Ahunbay, ICOMOS Turkey Jerzy Jasieńko, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland Maurizio Piazza, University of Trento, Italy Paulo Lourenço, University of Minho, Portugal Jose Saporiti, National Lab. for Civil Engineering, Portugal SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Zeynep Ahunbay, (ICOMOS Turkey) Ünal Akkemik (Istanbul University, Turkey) Fevziye Aköz (Hasan Kalyoncu University, Turkey) Gülay Altay (Boğaziçi University, Turkey) Ronald Anthony (Anthony & Associates, Inc., CO, USA) Nusret As (Istanbul University, Turkey) Clara Bertolini (Politecnico di Torino, Italy) Jorge Branco (University of Minho, Portugal) Aynur Çiftçi (Yıldız Technical University, Turkey) Thierry Descamps (Université de Mons, Belgium) Milos Drdácký (ITAM, Czech Republic) Andeas Falk (KTH Royal Inst.of Technology, Stockholm) Artur Feio (University Lusíada, Portugal) Massimo Fragiacomo (University of L'Aquila, Italy) Zeynep Eres (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey) Marin Hasan (University of Zagreb, Croatia) Minjuan He (Tongji University, China) Jerzy Jasieńko (Wroclaw Univ. of Technology, Poland) André J.M. Jorissen (Eindhoven Univ.of Technology) Jochen Köhler (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway) Ali Osman Kuruşcu (Yıldız Technical University, Turkey) Paulo B. Lourenço (University of Minho, Portugal) Deniz Mazlum (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey) Federico Mazzolan (Univ. of Naples "Federico II", Italy) María Morales-Conde (University of Seville, Spain) Marius Mosoarca (Timisoara Univ. of Politechnic, Romania) Lina Nunes (National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Portugal) Maria Adelaide Parisi (Politecnico di Milano, Italy) Maurizio Piazza (University of Trento, Italy) Mariapaola Riggio (Oregon State University, USA) Vladimir Rodríguez (Univ. Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain) José Saporiti (National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Portugal) Nadide Seçkin (Kırklareli University, Turkey) Hélder Sousa (ISISE, University of Minho, Portugal) Gennaro Tampone (University of Florence, Italy) Roberto Tomasi (Norwegian Univ. of Life Sciences, Norway) Eleftheria Tsakanika (Technical University of Athens, Greece) Meltem Vatan Kaptan (Bahcesehir University, Turkey) Nabi Yüzer (Yıldız Technical University, Turkey) ORGANISING COMMITTEE Görün Arun (Chair), Hasan Kalyoncu University Nur Urfalıoğlu (Co-chair), Yıldız Technical University Ali Osman Kuruşcu, Yıldız Technical University Özge Bozgeyik, Hasan Kalyoncu University M.Esat Güneş, Yıldız Technical University Tuğrul Tırpan, Hasan Kalyoncu University iv CONTENTS Preface ……………………………………………………………………. iii Committees ………………………………………………………………… iv CHAPTER I Historic Timber Structures Structural Development of Earthquake-Resistant Timber Buildings in the Light of 3 Archaeological Findings in Anatolia – Hülya Dışkaya………………….…………….. The Typology of the Historical Timber Bridges of Turkey - Süheyla Yılmaz, Hal- 13 ide Sert, Nurdan Apaydın ………………………………………………………………….. The Expansion of Mansard Roofs Accross Europe in 18th Century- Krzysztof Ały- 25 kow, Magdalena Napiórkowska-Ałykow…………………………….…………………… The Timber roof of the Aula Magna of the University of Pavia - Marco 35 Morandotti, Emanuele Zamperini, Valentina Cinieri, Simone Lucenti…….………… Historical Building with Timber Frame in the Liguria Region: an Inventory Proposal - Anna Bruzzone, Riccardo Forte, Silvia Gelvi, Daniela Pittaluga, Felice Ragazzo, Linda Secondini, Gerolamo Stagno………………………..………………….. 47 Timber Structures in Georgian Cultural Heritage (For Case of Southern Georgia, Region Samtskhe-Javakheti) - A. Tamar Khoshtaria, B. Nino Chachava, C. Malkhaz Lekveishvili ………………………………………………………................... 57 CHAPTER II Traditional Practices Persian Wooden Structures: Challenges in Repair, Strengthening and Restoration – Mehrdad Hejazi…………………………………………………………………….... 71 The Ottoman House / Evaluation of Structure and Form - Ibrahim Canbulat ………. 83 Sacred Architecture in Montenegro - Case Study: Dobrilovina Monastery - Church of Saint George (1609) and Kučanska Mosque (1797) - Igbala Šabović Kerović, Biljana Šćepanović ………………………………………………………………………...... 95 Surface Coatings of Exposed Timber Elements in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century in Ottoman Istanbul - Damla Acar ………………………………... 107 Rapid In-site Survey and Assessment Method for Structural Members in Tradi- tional Chinese Timber Structure - Chao Gao, Juan Wang, Qing Shan Yang………… 119 v The Venetian Floor of the “Bailo Building” in Chalcis, Greece; Deciphering Its Lost Construction Details - Yorgos Kourmadas, Eleftheria Tsakanika, Panagiota Taxiarchi ……………………………………………………………………………………… 131 Structural and Ornamental Use of Timber in Hagia Triada Church, Ayvalık- Gökhan Okumuş, Nurşah Cabbar, Merve Öztürk, Azime Aladağ, Cansu Ekici, Merve Gökcü, Miray Kısaer, Fuat Gökçe, Nimet Özgönül, Özgün Özçakır ……...…. 143 A Complex Assessment of Historic Roof Structures - Alexandra-Iasmina Keller, Marius Mosoarca……………………….……………………………………………………. 157 CHAPTER III Timber Framed Structures Timber 2.0: Resilience and Vulnerability of Wood Construction in Earthquakes and Fires - Randolph Langenbach ……………………………………......................... 171 Insight into the Traditional Timber Frame Walls: Herculaneum Evidence Versus Braced Frame Structures in Portugal and in Italy - Stefania Stellacci ........ 185 Historic
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