© in This Web Service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84331-7

Home , Charondas, Cyme (Aeolis), Demonax (lawmaker), Erythrae, Philip II of Macedon

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84331-7 - Democracy Beyond Athens: Popular Government in the Greek Classical Age Eric W. Robinson Index More information

Index

Abdera, 140–5, 212 Aristogeiton, 163 Achaea, 25–8, 50, 58, 107, 109, 110–11, 202, 228 Ariston (of Byzantium), 146 Achaean League, 27–8, 58 Ariston (of Cyrene), 130 Acragas, 92–5, 200, 213, 228, 229, 238 Aristophanes, 47, 194 Aegina, 232, 234–5, 237 Aristotle, 3–4, 17, 22, 78, 82, 160, 218, 220, Aelian, 35, 36 222–4, 227–9, 244 Aeneas Tacticus, 7, 12, 16, 20, 126, 144, 157–9, 221 classiﬁcation of democracies, 240–2, 246 Aeschines, 87, 97 on Amphipolis, 145–6 Aeschylus, 9, 88, 102 on Aphytis, 171 Agesilaus, 39, 139 on Argos, 7, 8 Agis, 19, 226–7 on the Athenian Empire, 138, 189 Alcibiades, 20, 80 on Athens, 97, 235 Alexander, 26, 160, 169, 172, 173, 175, 178, 206–7 on Byzantium, 148–9 Amphipolis, 79, 145–6, 189, 238 on Cnidus, 172 Anaxilas, 111, 113 on Cos, 152–4 Antiphon, 212, 215 on Cyme, 155–7 Aphytis, 171 on Cyrene, 131, 132–3 Arcadia, 26, 31, 35, 51–2, 58, 191, 196, 199, 225, on Elis, 32 230, 239–40, 243 on Epidamnus, 128–9 Arcadian League, 34, 41–4, 53, 58, 64, 204 on Heraclea Pontica, 157–9 see also Mantinea on Hestiaea/Oreus, 175–6 Arcesilaus III, 130 on Istrus, 176 Arcesilaus IV, 130 on Leucas, 33–4 Archytas, 117 on Mantinea, 35–8, 40, 203 Areopagus, 16, 198, 221 on Megara, 44 Arginusae, 62, 79, 246 on Rhodes, 168–70 Argos, 6, 37, 42, 83, 131, 186, 190–1, 224–8, on Syracuse, 71–2, 73–4, 76 239–40, 241, 242–3 on Taras, 115–16, 118–19, 148–9, 235, Athens and, 29, 30, 32, 39, 190–1, 196–8 245 Corinth and, 22–5 on Thebes, 54 Elis and, 29, 30, 32, 39 on Thessaly, 61, 64 Mantinea and, 29, 30, 32, 34–5, 39 on Thurii, 121–2 Phlius and, 47–8, 49 Aristoxenus, 108, 109 Sicyon and, 51 Arrian, 206 Sparta and, 26, 50, 191, 202–4 Artemisium, 234 spread of democracy and, 199, 202–4 Asheri, D., 93–4, 200–1 Syracuse and, 84 assembly, 2, 53, 64, 222–5, 229–30 Thebes and, 55 at Acragas, 93–5 “the Eighty,” 10, 15, 16, 198, 243 at Argos, 9, 10–12, 16–17, 20–1, 43, 198, 225; Aristagoras (of Cyme), 156 see also “theater with straight tiers” Aristagoras (of Miletus), 141, 177 at Camarina, 97, 99

269

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84331-7 - Democracy Beyond Athens: Popular Government in the Greek Classical Age Eric W. Robinson Index More information

270 Index

assembly (cont.) Sicilian Expedition, 71–2, 77, 81, 85, 101, 103, at Corcyra, 123, 124, 125, 126–7 105–6, 122, 165, 238 at Corinth, 22, 24, 225 Sicyon and, 51 at Cos, 152, 154 spread of democracy and, 188–99, 204–6, at Cyrene, 134, 135 211–12, 215, 216, 239 at Elis, 32, 225 Syracuse and, 71–2, 73, 75, 77, 78–80, 84–6, at Epidamnus, 128, 129 95, 96–8, 104, 105–6, 122 at Iasus, 160, 161, 225 Taras and, 116–18 at Leontini, 105 Tauric Chersonesus and, 150 at Mantinea, 37–9, 225 Thasos and, 180, 189, 195 at Megalopolis/Arcadia, 43, 44, 225 Thebes and, 54, 56, 60–1, 190 at Megara, 46–7, 244 Thessaly and, 61–3 at Messana, 225 Thurii and, 120–2, 190 at Olbia, 162–3 “true” democracy and, 219–22, 246 at Phlius, 48, 225 Zacynthus and, 65–6, 191, 196 at Plataea, 225 Aubonnet, J., 8 at Rhegium, 113–15 at Rhodes, 169–70 basileus, 10, 32, 47 at Syracuse, 68–9, 70, 79–81, 83–90, Battus III, 130 225, 228 Berger, S., 74–5, 188, 190 at Taras, 117 Bleicken, J., 186 at Thebes/Boeotia, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 225 Boeotia, 7, 22, 23, 29, 53–61, 120, 194–5, 203 Athenagoras, 81, 85 Boeotian League, 55–7, 60 Athens, 21, 23, 37, 76, 134 see also Thebes Amphipolis and, 145, 189 Bolkon, 77 Arcadia and, 191 Brasidas, 61, 145 Argos and, 11–12, 16, 17, 18, 20, 190–1, 196–8 Bruce, I. A. F., 167 Athenian Empire, 137–40, 156, 162, 164, 167, Brunt, P. A., 72 173, 177, 188–90, 191–6, 199–200, 204–6, Burstein, S. M., 158–9 212, 219–20; democracy and, 137–40 Byzantium, 146–9, 190, 238, 243 Byzantium and, 190 Ceos and, 214 Cadmus, 153, 154 Chios and, 189 Calchedon, 146–9, 156, 158, 214 Corcyra and, 124, 125–6 see also Byzantium Corinth and, 22 Camarina, 37, 96–100, 200, 227 Cyrene and, 130 Carlsson, S., 155 Elis and, 29, 30, 32 Carthage, 91, 95, 101, 103, 106, 114, 201, 234, 237 Ephesus and, 173 Catana, 113 Eretria and, 173–4, 189 Caulonia, see Croton Erythrae and, 175, 188 Caven, B., 72 Heraclea Pontica, 150, 158 Ceos, 214 Hestiaea/Oreus and, 175–6, 189 Chaeronea, 55 Iasus and, 160–1 Chares, 126 Leontini and, 105, 213 Charondas, 120, 121 Lesbos and, 189 Cherry, J., 207 Mantinea and, 36, 39, 40 Chersonesus, see Tauric Chersonesus Megara and, 45, 46, 195 Chios, 138, 189 Miletus and, 177, 188, 194 citizenship, 8, 22, 27, 48, 61, 75, 91, 104, 131, 133, Mytilene and, 178, 189 149, 163–4, 213, 218, 242, 245 naval power and, 230, 237 Clearchus (Spartan general), 147 Olbia and, 164 Clearchus (tyrant of Heraclea Pontica), 159 Paros and, 164–6, 188, 195 Cleisthenes, 21, 40, 121, 187, 197 Rhegium and, 112 Cleomenes, 8 Rhodes and, 166–9 Cleon, 12 Samos and, 179–80, 188–9, 194, 233 Cleotimus, 145

Index 271

Cnidus, 172 Diodorus, 3, 96, 105, 221 Cole, T., 82 on Acragas, 92, 93–5 Conon, 167 on Arcadia, 41 Consolo Langher, S. N., 72 on Argos, 7, 16, 20 Corax, 81–2, 213 on Athens, 189 Corcyra, 65, 122–9, 195, 225, 232, 235, 237, 242 on Byzantium, 147 Cordano, F., 97–8, 99 on Corcyra, 123–4, 125–6 Corinth, 21–5, 52, 182, 202–3, 228, 232–3, 237 on Corinth, 22, 23–4 Argos and, 11–12, 203, 225 on Cos, 153 Corcyra and, 124, 127, 128, 232, 235 on Cyrene, 130–2, 135 Elis and, 29 on Elis, 31–2 Sparta and, 29, 203 on Megara, 46 Syracuse and, 90, 92 on Paros, 164 Corinthian War, 14, 46, 48, 65, 168 on Rhegium/Messana, 96, 111, 113–15 Coronea, battle of, 54 on Rhodes, 168 Cos, 152–5, 157, 205, 225, 238, 243 on Samos, 179 courts, 17, 28, 48–9, 58, 78, 81–2, 93, 94, 123, 134, on Sicyon, 51 154, 157, 159, 212, 224, 225, 242 on Syracuse, 69–72, 75–6, 77, 79, 80–1, 83–4, Crete, 231 86–7, 88, 91, 100–1, 102, 103–5, 190, 198, Critias, 62–4 200–1 Croton, 107–11, 226, 227 on Thebes, 59–60 Cylon, 107–8 on Thurii, 120–1, 122 Cyme, 155–7, 225–6 on Zacynthus, 65 Cypselidae, 21, 125, 232 Diogenes Laertius, 93, 94, 117 Cyrene, 129–36, 198, 226, 227 Dion, 22, 66, 89–91, 92 Cyrus, 140 Dionysius I, 67, 70, 83, 85, 86–7, 101, 107, 111, 113–14, 115 Darius, 142, 146, 165 Dionysius II, 89–91, 114 Delian League, 137, 140, 142–3, 146–7, 165, 171, Dorieus, 167 173, 177, 180, 205, 214, 233 Ducetius, 77, 88 Delos, 149–50, 151 Delphi, 178, 208, 209 egalitarianism, 32, 61, 99, 205, 221, 245 demagogues, 20, 38, 64, 69, 74, 78, 79–81, 83, see also equality 86–7, 89, 94, 123, 133, 152, 154, 157, 169, 215, Egesta, 105 223, 227–8 Elis, 28–33, 42, 50, 186, 190, 196–7, 202–3, 213, demiourgoi, 17, 28, 30, 32, 39, 40, 43–4, 110–11, 228 134, 135, 152, 159, 243 treaty with Athens, Argos and Mantinea, 17, democracy 39 growth of, 182–6 Empedocles, 93–5, 212 naval power and, 230–7 Epaminondas, 26, 34, 51, 58–9, 226 problems of deﬁnition, 2–3 Ephesus, 139, 172–3, 206 sophists and, 210–16 Ephialtes, 21, 187 “democratic peace,” 237–40 Ephorus, 201, 221 Democritus, 143, 212 Epidamnus, 124–5, 128–9 demokratia equality, 4, 51, 91, 93, 107, 119, 189, 219, 223, 224, ancient deﬁnitions of, 3–4 228 Aristotelian usage of, 222–3 Eretria, 173–4, 189, 227 Demonax, 129 Erythrae, 175, 188, 206 Demosthenes (general), 55 Euboea, 97, 173 Demosthenes (orator), 31, 146, 169, 190, 198, Euesperidas, 130 220, 239 Euphron, 51–3, 60, 228 Diagoras (of Eretria), 173 Euripides, 7 Diagoras (of Melos), 35 Eurytion, 158 Dieitrephes, 180 Eusebius, 232, 234 Diocles, 67, 72, 74, 81, 83, 85, 91 euthuna, 4, 18, 21, 37, 44, 91, 110, 223–4, 226, 241

272 Index

Farrar, C., 143, 212 Laronde, A., 134–5 Figueira, T., 234 Legon, R., 49 freedom, 4, 56, 89, 114, 124, 138, 223, 224, 228 Leontini, 95, 103–5, 200, 213 Leppin, H., 15–17, 84 Gauthier, P., 160–1 Lepreon, 41 Gehrke, H.-J., 63, 124, 128, 146, 154 Lesbos, 138, 189 Gela, 96, 99, 100–2, 103, 105, 111, 200, 225 Leucas, 33–4, 182 Gelon, 68, 70, 74, 96, 99, 235 Leuctra, 34, 41, 51, 204, 240 gerousia, 22, 135 Lewis, D. M., 141 Gorgias, 61, 105, 212–13, 215 Lintott, A., 72 Grifﬁth, G. T., 24 Lycophron, 63–4 Gylippus, 103 Lysander, 139, 162, 177, 179 Lysias, 189 Haas, C. J., 234 Hansen, M. H., 183 Ma, J., 208–9 Harmodius, 163 Macrobius, 163 Helisson, 39 Manganaro, G., 99 Hellenica Oxyrhynchia, 23, 54, 167 Mantinea, 34–40, 41, 50, 97, 99, 186, 190–1, Heraclea on Siris, see Taras 196–7, 202–4, 225, 229, 241, 243 Heraclea Pontica, 149–51, 157–9, 225–6 Argos and, 7 Heracleides Pontikos, 120, 130 battle of, 7, 50, 203 Heraclitus, 172 treaty with Athens, Argos and Elis, 17, 29, 32 Heraea, 41 Mardonius, 141–2, 172, 179, 180, 205 Hermocrates, 79, 81, 84–5 Mausolus, 160, 169, 175 Herodotus, 7, 141–3, 178, 205, 220, 231–4 Megalopolis, 34, 41, 43, 229 on Argos, 7, 8–9, 15–17 Megara, 44–7, 106, 149, 155, 157, 195, 198, 203, on Byzantium, 146 226, 244 on Cos, 153 Argos and, 7, 29 on Cyme, 156 Heraclea Pontica/Chersonesus and, 150, 159 on Cyrene, 130, 135 Messana, 96, 100, 111–15, 200, 225 on Miletus, 177 see also Rhegium on Samos, 179 Messenia, 58, 130–1 Hestiaea/Oreus, 175–6, 189 Metapontum, 108 Hieron, 69, 100, 103 Migeotte, L., 171 Himera, 102–3, 105, 111, 200, 228 Miletus, 141, 150, 164, 176–8, 188, 194, 199, 205 Hippias (of Elis), 212, 213, 215 Milo (of Croton), 108, 109 Hofer, M., 72 Minar, E. L., 108 Hornblower, S., 160 Minos, 231, 233 Muller,¨ R., 211 Iamblichus, 108–10, 112 Musti, D., 98 Iasus, 37, 159–62, 217, 227, 243 Mytilene, 178–9, 189 Illyria, 129 Ionian Revolt, 140, 141, 156, 177, 178, 179, 234 Naxos, 113 Iphicrates, 25 Nepos, 90 Isocrates, 46, 138–9, 189, 213 Nicias, 79, 106 Istrus, 176, 182 Nicodorus, 35 Nielsen, T. H., 183 Justin, 150, 158 Ober, J., 76, 245 Kerferd, G. B., 211 Oenophyta, 54, 190, 194 Kritzas, Ch., 10, 14 Olbia, 162–4 Old Oligarch, 78 Lade, battle of, 233–4 Olympia, 30, 106, 208, 209 Lamachus, 150, 158 Olynthus, 146 Larisa, 61, 64 O’Neil, J. L., 30, 39–40, 127, 188, 190

Index 273

Orchomenus (Arcadia), 41 Prodicus, 212, 213–14 Orchomenus (Boeotia), 55, 56–7 Prometheus, 62–3 Osborne, R., 32 Protagoras, 120, 143, 211–12, 213, 215, 216 ostracism, 4, 190–1, 197–8, 223–4, 226, 241, 244 Pseudo-Scymnus, 150, 151 at Argos, 9, 18, 21, 197–8, 226 Pseudo-Xenophon, 54, 139, 177, 189, 194 at Cyrene, 134, 136, 226 Ptolemy, 131–2, 135 at Megara, 47, 226 Pythagoras, 27, 107, 110, 112 at Syracuse, see petalism at Tauric Chersonesus, 150–2, 226 Raaﬂaub, K., 219–20, 221 Otanes, 142 Renfrew, C., 207 Oxyrhynchus Historian, see Hellenica revolution, 63, 199, 201 Oxyrhynchia Acragas and, 92 Amphipolis and, 145 Paros, 164–6, 186, 188, 195 Argos and, 7–8, 19, 20, 21, 202 Pasinus, 165 Athens and, 139 peer polity interaction, 207–16 Cnidus and, 172 Peisander, 139 Corcyra and, 124, 126 Peisistratus, 245 Cos and, 153 Peithias, 123, 125, 127 Croton and, 107–9 Pellene, 27, 42, 204, 240 Cyme and, 155–6 Pelopidas, 56, 59, 225–6 Cyrene and, 133 Peloponnesian War, 30, 44, 62, 65, 86, 139, 146, Epidamnus and, 128 171, 177, 194, 199, 204, 231, 235, 239 Eretria and, 173 Pericles, 52, 75, 86, 117, 149, 176, 179, 187, 190, Erythrae and, 189 198–9, 211, 242 Heraclea Pontica and, 158 Persia, 22, 25, 53, 140, 141–2, 160, 165, 167, 169, Hestiaea/Oreus and, 175 173, 177, 180, 199, 205–6, 237 Istrus and, 176 Persian Wars, 8, 15, 35, 53–4, 115, 175, 179, 203, Megara and, 45 220, 235 Miletus and, 189 petalism, 71, 74–5, 77, 80, 190, 198 Paros and, 164, 189 Phaleas (of Chalcedon), 33, 129 Rhodes and, 167–9 Pharsalus, 61 Samos and, 179, 189, 233 Phayllus, 77 Sicyon and, 51 Philip I (of Macedon), 26, 31, 46, 56 Syracuse and, 68, 71–2 Philip II (of Macedon), 146 Taras and, 116 Philistus, 86–7, 201, 221 Thebes and, 56, 57, 190 Philostratus, 62 Thessaly and, 62 Phlius, 47–50, 202, 204, 225 Rhegium, 111–15, 200 Phocaea, 232, 233–4 Rhodes (polis), 37, 98, 99, 157, 160, 166–71, 206, Phormio, 32 225–6, 227, 236, 238 Pierart,´ M., 10 Rhodes, P. J., 155 Pindar, 103, 130 Rome, 208, 226, 237 Plataea, 45, 53, 55, 57, 238 Romilly, J. de, 211–12, 215 Plato, 32, 33, 105, 143, 210, 213, 231, 244–5 Rutter, N. K., 75–6, 84 Plutarch, 8, 22, 59, 80–1, 84, 88, 89–90, 91–2, Ruze,´ F., 10 117, 129, 172, 176 Plutarchus, 174 Salamis, battle of, 232, 234 Pnyx, 14, 229–30, 246 Samons, L. J., 229 politeia, 3, 7, 23, 31, 71, 74, 115, 190, 204 Samos, 138, 139, 179–80, 188–9, 194, 232–3 Pollux, 8 Schiappa, E., 211 Polus, 213 Schuller, W., 187–8, 220, 221 Polybius, 25–8, 107–11, 228 Scythia, 163 Polycrates, 233 Selinous, 105–6, 111, 200 probouleusis, 10, 16–17, 21, 43, 47, 59–60, 75–6, Sepeia, battle of, 7, 8–9, 21, 197 83–4, 95, 115, 154–5, 161, 170 Sherwin-White, S. M., 153, 155

274 Index

Sicyon, 42, 50–3, 60, 182, 204, Ste. Croix, G. E. M. de, 49 225, 228 Strabo, 35, 109, 116, 118, 153, 154, 170–1, 197, 203, Sinope, 164 235 Siphae, 55 Strauss, B., 218 skutalismos, 20, 21, 57, 227, 246 Stymphalos, 43 Snodgrass, A., 207, 209 Sybaris, 107–8 Socrates, 62 see also Thurii Solon, 33, 36, 187 Sybota, battle of, 232 Sparta Syracuse, 67–92, 94, 100–1, 111, 117, 163, 186, Achaea and, 26–7 190, 198, 213, 227–8, 229, 238, 241, 242 Amphipolis and, 145 Acragas and, 95 Arcadia and, 243 Camarina and, 96–7 Argos and, 7, 11, 18–20, 191, 202–4, 227 Himera and, 102–3 Athens and, 195 invention of rhetoric, 81–3 Byzantium and, 146–7 Leontini and, 95, 103–4 Corcyra and, 125–6 naval power and, 235 Corinth and, 22–5 Rhegium and, 114 Elis and, 30–1, 33 spread of democracy and, 199, 200–2 Iasus and, 162 treatment of generals, 77–9, 83, 241 Mantinea and, 39, 41–2 Megara and, 45, 46 Tanagra, 56 Mytilene and, 178 Taras, 108, 115–19, 148, 186, 200, 226, 235–6, Paros and, 165 238, 243, 245 Phlius and, 47–9 Tarentum, see Taras Rhodes and, 166–8 Tauric Chersonesus, 149–52, 159, 186, 198, Sicyon and, 50–1 226 Taras and, 116, 119 Tegea, 41, 240 Thasos and, 180 Teos, 140–5, 226 Thebes and, 34, 56, 58, 226 see also Abdera Zacynthus and, 65 thalassocracy, 232–7 Spartan foreign policy, 139, 189, 202–4, Thasos, 32, 180–1, 189, 195 239 “theater with straight tiers,” 9, 13–14, 229 Starr, C., 237 Thebes, 42, 53–61, 199, 204, 225–6, 228, 238–40, stasis, 116 242 at Acragas, 93, 95 Achaea and, 26, 28 at Amphipolis, 145–6 Argos and, 199 at Byzantium, 147 Athens and, 190, 194 at Corcyra, 122, 124, 125–6, 127, 194 Phlius and, 48 at Corinth, 23, 25 Sicyon and, 52 at Cos, 153–4 Sparta and, 41 at Croton, 109 Themistocles, 29, 35, 40, 191, 196–8, 232, at Cyrene, 131–2 234 at Elis, 31 Theopompus, 147–8 at Erythrae, 175 Theramenes, 61–4 at Gela, 102 Thespiae, 55, 56–7 at Heraclea Pontica, 158 Thessaly, 58, 61–4, 182 at Megara, 45 Thibron, 132 at Messana, 112 Thirty Tyrants, the, 21 at Rhodes, 168 thorubos, 79, 86–7 at Sicyon, 52 Thrasybulus (of Athens), 147, 180 at Syracuse, 71 Thrasybulus (of Syracuse), 69, 73 at Taras, 117 Thrasydaeus (of Acragas), 92 at Tegea, 41 Thrasydaeus (of Elis), 30 at Thebes, 54, 55 Thrasyllus, 18–19, 225 at Thurii, 119–20, 122 Thrasymachus (of Cyme), 155–6

Index 275

Thrasymachus (of Calchedon), 212, 213–15 Vinogradov, J. G., 150–1, 163–4 Thucydides, 79, 103, 104, 105–6, 220, 231–3, Vollgraff, G., 8 239 on Achaea, 26–8 Walker, E. M., 138 on Aegina, 234–5 Wallace, R., 211–12 on Amphipolis, 145 Weart, S., 73 on Argos, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17–19, 29, 34, 203, Wentker, H., 72 226–7 White, S., 156 on Athens, 17–18, 29, 77–8, 80, 81, 85, 100–1, Worrle,¨ M., 10, 15–16 139, 189–90, 194–5, 198, 244 Wuilleumier, P., 116 on Camarina, 96–7 on Corcyra, 122, 124–5, 194–5 Xenophon, 221 on Corinth, 11 on Arcadia, 44 on Elis, 17–18 on Argos, 7 on Epidamnus, 128 on Athens, 138–9 on Mantinea, 17–18, 29, 34, 39–40 on Byzantium, 147 on Megara, 45 on Corcyra, 126 on Mytilene, 178 on Corinth, 22–5, 228 on Rhegium, 112 on Elis, 30–1 on Samos, 179 on Ephesus, 138–9, 173 on Sicyon, 50 on Mantinea, 38, 39–40, 41, 203–4 on Sparta, 18–19, 26–8, 226–7 on Phlius, 48–9, 50 on Syracuse, 72, 76, 77–8, 80, 81, 100–1, on Rhodes, 168 201 on Sicyon, 52–3, 60 on Thasos, 180 on Sparta, 48–9, 119 on Thebes, 53 on Thebes, 60 on Thessaly, 61–2 on Thessaly, 61–3 on Thurii, 122 Xerxes, 234 Thurii, 119–22, 190, 216, 238, 243–5 Timaeus, 69, 93, 107, 201 Zacynthus, 65–6, 191, 196, 202 Timoleon, 88, 89, 91–2, 95, 101, 114 Zaleukos, 120 Timotheus, 65, 126 Zancle, see Messana Tisias, 82, 213 Zeus Eleutherios, 70, 103, 163–4, 228 Tissaphernes, 177 Zopyron, 163