Springer Handbook of Glass

Springer Handbook of Glass Springer Handbooks provide a concise compilation of approved key information on methods of research, general principles, and functional relationships in physical and applied sciences. The world’s leading experts in the fields of physics and engineering will be as- signed by one or several renowned editors to write the chapters com- prising each volume. The content is selected by these experts from Springer sources (books, journals, online content) and other systematic and approved recent publications of scientific and technical information. The volumes are designed to be useful as readable desk book to give a fast and comprehensive overview and easy retrieval of essential re- liable key information, including tables, graphs, and bibliographies. References to extensive sources are provided. HandbookSpringer of Glass J. David Musgraves, Juejun Hu, Laurent Calvez (Eds.) With 1450 Figures and 224 Tables HK Editors J. David Musgraves Rochester Precision Optics, LLC West Henrietta, NY, USA Juejun Hu Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA Laurent Calvez UMR 6226 – Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes University of Rennes I Rennes, France ISBN 978-3-319-93726-7 e-ISBN 978-3-319-93728-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93728-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG, part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland V Dedicated to the memory of Neville Greaves VII Preface As you’ll get a chance to see in Chap. 1 of this book, ing experts in the field. The handbook is aimed at senior glass is a fascinating topic, in part because while we undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and human beings have been manufacturing glass for thou- professionals working in the field of glass science. The sands of years now, the discipline of glass science chapters provide the necessary background and up-to- is only 100 years old. This means that humanity has date knowledge in a wide range of topics, with in-depth developed the technology of glassmaking—the tem- references to the journal literature for those seeking peratures, times, ingredients, processes, etc., needed to greater depth in a particular subfield. In general, the make good window and plate glass—over the course book is structured to provide basic information on the of dozens or even hundreds of generations, and we particular glass families at the beginning, followed by have a great wealth of acquired knowledge of how to specific applications later. Because each glass family make glass. Compare this enormous amount of know- has applications, and each application is associated with how to the idea of glass science as a distinct scientific some glass family, there is necessarily a good deal of discipline, focused in part on why certain things make crossover between various chapters. For example, spec- glass, and what exactly is a glass, which has only a troscopic information regarding chalcogenide glasses few generations of students and masters contributing to can be found in the chapters on chalcogenide glasses, its advance. What we see when we combine these two optical spectroscopy, and infrared sensing; the hope is ideas of glass is fascinating: humanity knows quite a lot that seeing these materials in a variety of contexts will about how to make glass, but we are only just begin- help the reader grasp the interdisciplinary nature of ning to understand what makes a glass a glass, from the glass science. perspective of basic physics. The editors are very grateful to all of the authors Because of the sheer breadth of the discipline, there who, out of the generosity of their scientific spirit, con- has been no single textbook in the glass science field that tributed their time and expertise to this handbook. We has attempted to cover all its aspects. There exist a hand- know this was a long process, and we’d like to thank ful of excellent basic glass science textbooks that will each and every one of the authors for their participa- be referenced widely in this book, but these are all con- tion in this journey together. Our deepest thanks go to fined to their individual subdisciplines. The goal of this Judith Hinterberg and Sara Kate Heukerott at Springer book is to serve as the starting point for any exploration for their tireless efforts in keeping this project on track. into the field of glass science; indeed, we have chap- During the process of making this book, we’ve had a ters on the technical aspects of all of the major glass- few births, a near-death, and almost every other project- forming families, but we also have chapters devoted to derailing experience you could imagine, and they have the architectural, archeological, and geological aspects kept the program moving the entire way. Without them, of glass science. No one textbook can hope to encom- the center could not have held, and we appreciate every pass the entirety of a modern scientific field, especially bit of their effort. one as rapidly developing as glass science at the begin- Finally, the editors would like to thank their fami- ning of the 21st century, but the hope is that each of lies (Jessica, Di, Helius, Selena and Eos, Anne-Laure, the chapters in the book serves as a place for the reader Youna and Norah) for all of their support during this to get grounded, understand the basics (and the com- project. We do this for them, and we couldn’t do it with- plications!), and find resources in the primary scientific out them. literature where they can go and learn in more depth. The Springer Handbook of Glass is intended to be J. David Musgraves a comprehensive overview of the diverse field of glass Juejun Hu science, with each chapter written by one or more work- Laurent Calvez IX About the Editors J. David Musgraves received his bachelor’s degree in Physics from Pomona, followed by his PhD in Materials Science from the University of Arizona. His first time melting and quenching glass was in the laboratory of Kathleen Richardson at Clemson Uni- versity, where he began a postdoc in 2010 and ultimately became a Research Assistant Professor. His research was focused on the integration of quantum computational mod- eling, optical spectroscopy, and thermal analysis as a means to evaluate the evolution of amorphous structure across multiple-length scales and to correlate this emergent structure with material properties. After founding IRradiance Glass, Inc. in 2012, he left Clemson University to become President and CEO of the company. IRradiance Glass was purchased in 2018 by Rochester Precision Optics (RPO), where Dr. Mus- graves is now Chief Scientist. Dr. Musgraves moves to the frozen northlands with his wife and two dogs, who are his near-constant companions. Juejun (JJ) Hu received his degrees in Materials Science and Engineering from Tsinghua University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is currently Associate Professor at MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering. His primary research interest is the field of integrated optics and photonics. Prior to joining MIT, he was Assistant Professor at the University of Delaware. He has been recog- nized with the National Science Foundation (NSF) Faculty Early Career Development Award, the Robert L. Coble Award from the American Ceramic Society, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Young Faculty Award, the Gerard J. Mangone Young Scholars Award, and the University of Delaware Excellence in Teach- ing Award, among others. His research focuses on optical glass materials and their applications in integrated optics and photonics. Laurent Calvez graduated from the University of Rennes and was awarded a DGA grant to pursue a PhD, which he obtained with honors. He completed a postdoc at the Arizona Materials Laboratory at the University of Arizona, before joining the faculty of the University of Rennes in 2007, where he currently heads the Energy Conversion and Storage group at the Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes. His current research focuses on the generation of active nanoparticles in chalcogenide glasses and glass-ceramics to tailor material properties to accommodate specific optical and elec- trical designs and manufacturing. He was awarded the Young Brittany Research Award for his work on photosensitivity of glasses and innovative glass-ceramics. He received the French Academy of Sciences Lamb prize in 2016 and was recently accepted into the prestigious University Institute of France. Despite a lack of time, he is still improv- ing his topspin in table tennis.

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