Standard: 1.0 (see board to the left) Opening: Work Period: Finish Puritan Look over 2010 timeline in your Puritans DBQ groups and discuss. Notes: The Duel for North America

Closing: Reading Quiz: Homework: Chapter 6 See outline The Duel for North America

1608 – 1763 The French Settlement

 1608 – First French settlement in the New World: Quebec  Samuel de Champlain – “Father of

 Friendly relations with Huron Indians/ enemies with the Indians

 Results in Iroquois Indians joining with Great Britain

 Many Iroquois fought and raided French settlements  Motive was to compete with Spain & England for Empire in America Characteristics of New France

 Autocratic- under direct  Fur trapping- (coureurs control of the king de bois) main economic  No popularly elected pursuit assemblies  Recruited Indians to help  No trial by jury  Jesuits missionaries  Slow population growth – French favored played vital role as the West Indies explorers/ geographers  French legacy in the Mississippi River Valley  Cajuns Characteristics of New France

 How are these French different from the English? Think along the lines of settlement, government and the judicial system. Effects on the Indians

 Decimated by the white man’s diseases & debauched by alcohol “firewater”  Jesuits missionaries converted few Indians.  Many were slaughtered by the natives Battle for Empire in

the New World p. 110  England v. France v. Spain  1688–1763 - 4 bitter world wars  King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War  British against the French fur trappers & their Indian allies & eventually Spain  What type of soldiers are involved?  Why not use massive amounts of soldiers to fight?  British won  Britain provided the colonies with a period of “salutary neglect” - fertile soil for rebellion Battle for Empire in

the New World p. 110  Watch out! Here comes the War of Jenkins’s Ear. How does this war start and what is the result?  It ended the peace which allowed for more war to come between these nations. Wars continued

 King George’s War - 1744-48

 France allied with Spain

 New Englanders captured the French fortress at Louisbourg, only to have it returned to the French by the peace treaty of 1748

 American colonies felt betrayed by their British masters. Why did they feel this way?  Focus of rivalry then turned to the Ohio Valley Ohio River Valley Conflict

 Key area for the French  Would connect their holdings in to Mississippi Valley

 1749 – Colonial speculators claimed the land  French started building forts

 Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)

Washington & War

 1754 - George Washington was sent to secure Virginia’s claims  When encountering the French, the Virginians fired the first shots  French leader killed, GW’s men retreated

 French returned with reinforcement  Surrounded Washington at Fort Necessity  Washington forced to surrender after 10 hours Results of Conflict

 British authorities took action  British uprooted 4000 Frenchmen in (Nova Scotia)  Many moved to Louisiana – Cajuns Global War

 French & Indian War 1756 – 1763 (Seven Years’ War)  began in America/ fought in America, Europe, West Indies, Philippines, Africa, & the ocean  French wasted so much strength in Europe, they were unable to throw an adequate force into the New World Colonial Unity

 1754- Albany Congress was held to achieve greater colonial unity & bolster the common defense

 Only 7 of the 13 colonies attended  Immediate purpose- keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British in war  Franklin proposed colonial home rule  rejected by both Britain (too much independence) & the colonies (not enough independence) Benjamin Franklin’s famous cartoon: “Join, or Die” French & Indian War/ Seven Years’ War

 1755 - General Edward Braddock sent to Virginia to help with war  Gathered supplies from colonists  Sent with 2000 militiamen (buckskins) to capture Fort Duquesne  “Bulldog” Braddock – behind-the-tree methods of fighting Indians Braddock’s Blundering

 Expedition moved slowly  Few miles short of Fort Duquesne, Braddock encountered French & Indian army  George Washington – aide to Braddock  Braddock mortally wounded  Victory for the French Indian Attacks

 Excited about victory, Indians started attacks from Pennsylvania to North Carolina  English started offering money for Indian scalps War Continues

 Early British defeats result of tactical error:

 attacking exposed wilderness posts simultaneously instead of focusing completely on Montreal & Quebec  Led to defeat after defeat for Britain William Pitt – The Great Commoner

 Became British Prime Minister in 1757 and focused Britain’s efforts on the Quebec- Montreal area  Battle of Quebec 1759

 Selected James Wolfe to attack Quebec

 Wolfe faced Marquis de Montcalm & both were mortally wounded

 French defeated & city surrendered Victories for Britain

 Louisbourg (present day Nova Scotia) recaptured 1758  Battle of Quebec 1759

 Very important victory for Britain  Montreal fell to British in 1760

 Last time French flag waved in Canada Peace Settlement at Paris 1763

 Results: p. 115

 French thrown completely off continent of North America

 Could retain small sugar islands in West Indies  Mississippi River East – England

 French Canada – England

 Trans-Mississippi Louisiana/ plus New Orleans – Spain

 In return for Cuba  Great Britain was now the dominant power in North America Ottawa Chief Pontiac 1763

 Led several tribes in a campaign to drive British out of the Ohio Valley  Indians wiped out all but 3 British posts west of Appalachians  British crushed uprising

 Used small pox blankets to wipe out Natives

 Helped convince British for need to stabilize Indian- white relations & keep troops in colonies

British/American Friction

 Colonials emerged with increased confidence in their military strength & self-esteem  Myth of British invincibility was shattered  British distressed by the reluctance of the colonials to support the common cause whole heartedly  Colonials demanded the rights & privileges of Englishmen, without the duties & responsibilities of Englishmen

 Did not want to provide for troops during war Effect of French defeat

 Threat of the French & Indians on the frontier removed  Land hungry colonials were now free to expand westward over the Appalachian Mountains  Colonials developed a new vision of their ultimate destiny Proclamation of 1763

 Prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachian Mountains  Designed to work out the Indian problems & avoid further uprisings

 Americans saw it as a violation of their rights

 Caused anger & defiance