Standard: 1.0 (see board to the left) Opening: Work Period: Finish Puritan Look over 2010 timeline in your Puritans DBQ groups and discuss. Notes: The Duel for North America
Closing: Reading Quiz: Homework: Chapter 6 See outline The Duel for North America
1608 – 1763 The French Settlement
1608 – First French settlement in the New World: Quebec Samuel de Champlain – “Father of New France”
Friendly relations with Huron Indians/ enemies with the Iroquois Indians
Results in Iroquois Indians joining with Great Britain
Many Iroquois fought and raided French settlements Motive was to compete with Spain & England for Empire in America Characteristics of New France
Autocratic- under direct Fur trapping- (coureurs control of the king de bois) main economic No popularly elected pursuit assemblies Recruited Indians to help No trial by jury Jesuits missionaries Slow population growth – French favored played vital role as the West Indies explorers/ geographers French legacy in the Mississippi River Valley Cajuns Characteristics of New France
How are these French different from the English? Think along the lines of settlement, government and the judicial system. Effects on the Indians
Decimated by the white man’s diseases & debauched by alcohol “firewater” Jesuits missionaries converted few Indians. Many were slaughtered by the natives Battle for Empire in
the New World p. 110 England v. France v. Spain 1688–1763 - 4 bitter world wars King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War British against the French fur trappers & their Indian allies & eventually Spain What type of soldiers are involved? Why not use massive amounts of soldiers to fight? British won Britain provided the colonies with a period of “salutary neglect” - fertile soil for rebellion Battle for Empire in
the New World p. 110 Watch out! Here comes the War of Jenkins’s Ear. How does this war start and what is the result? It ended the peace which allowed for more war to come between these nations. Wars continued
King George’s War - 1744-48
France allied with Spain
New Englanders captured the French fortress at Louisbourg, only to have it returned to the French by the peace treaty of 1748
American colonies felt betrayed by their British masters. Why did they feel this way? Focus of rivalry then turned to the Ohio Valley Ohio River Valley Conflict
Key area for the French Would connect their holdings in Canada to Mississippi Valley
1749 – Colonial speculators claimed the land French started building forts
Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)
Washington & War
1754 - George Washington was sent to secure Virginia’s claims When encountering the French, the Virginians fired the first shots French leader killed, GW’s men retreated
French returned with reinforcement Surrounded Washington at Fort Necessity Washington forced to surrender after 10 hours Results of Conflict
British authorities took action British uprooted 4000 Frenchmen in Acadia (Nova Scotia) Many moved to Louisiana – Cajuns Global War
French & Indian War 1756 – 1763 (Seven Years’ War) began in America/ fought in America, Europe, West Indies, Philippines, Africa, & the ocean French wasted so much strength in Europe, they were unable to throw an adequate force into the New World Colonial Unity
1754- Albany Congress was held to achieve greater colonial unity & bolster the common defense
Only 7 of the 13 colonies attended Immediate purpose- keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British in war Franklin proposed colonial home rule rejected by both Britain (too much independence) & the colonies (not enough independence) Benjamin Franklin’s famous cartoon: “Join, or Die” French & Indian War/ Seven Years’ War
1755 - General Edward Braddock sent to Virginia to help with war Gathered supplies from colonists Sent with 2000 militiamen (buckskins) to capture Fort Duquesne “Bulldog” Braddock – behind-the-tree methods of fighting Indians Braddock’s Blundering
Expedition moved slowly Few miles short of Fort Duquesne, Braddock encountered French & Indian army George Washington – aide to Braddock Braddock mortally wounded Victory for the French Indian Attacks
Excited about victory, Indians started attacks from Pennsylvania to North Carolina English started offering money for Indian scalps War Continues
Early British defeats result of tactical error:
attacking exposed wilderness posts simultaneously instead of focusing completely on Montreal & Quebec Led to defeat after defeat for Britain William Pitt – The Great Commoner
Became British Prime Minister in 1757 and focused Britain’s efforts on the Quebec- Montreal area Battle of Quebec 1759
Selected James Wolfe to attack Quebec
Wolfe faced Marquis de Montcalm & both were mortally wounded
French defeated & city surrendered Victories for Britain
Louisbourg (present day Nova Scotia) recaptured 1758 Battle of Quebec 1759
Very important victory for Britain Montreal fell to British in 1760
Last time French flag waved in Canada Peace Settlement at Paris 1763
Results: p. 115
French thrown completely off continent of North America
Could retain small sugar islands in West Indies Mississippi River East – England
French Canada – England
Trans-Mississippi Louisiana/ plus New Orleans – Spain
In return for Cuba Great Britain was now the dominant power in North America Ottawa Chief Pontiac 1763
Led several tribes in a campaign to drive British out of the Ohio Valley Indians wiped out all but 3 British posts west of Appalachians British crushed uprising
Used small pox blankets to wipe out Natives
Helped convince British for need to stabilize Indian- white relations & keep troops in colonies
British/American Friction
Colonials emerged with increased confidence in their military strength & self-esteem Myth of British invincibility was shattered British distressed by the reluctance of the colonials to support the common cause whole heartedly Colonials demanded the rights & privileges of Englishmen, without the duties & responsibilities of Englishmen
Did not want to provide for troops during war Effect of French defeat
Threat of the French & Indians on the frontier removed Land hungry colonials were now free to expand westward over the Appalachian Mountains Colonials developed a new vision of their ultimate destiny Proclamation of 1763
Prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachian Mountains Designed to work out the Indian problems & avoid further uprisings
Americans saw it as a violation of their rights
Caused anger & defiance