DOCSLIB.ORG

Construction of a Recombinant Avipoxvirus Expressing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Construction of a Recombinant Avipoxvirus Expressing Zanotto et al. Virol J (2021) 18:50 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01519-x RESEARCH Open Access Construction of a recombinant avipoxvirus expressing the env gene of Zika virus as a novel putative preventive vaccine Carlo Zanotto1, Francesca Paolini2, Antonia Radaelli1*† and Carlo De Giuli Morghen3† Abstract Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) has been declared a public health emergency that requires development of an efec- tive vaccine, as it might represent an international threat. Methods: Here, two novel DNA-based (pVAXzenv) and fowlpox-based (FPzenv) recombinant putative vaccine can- didates were constructed that contained the cPrME genes of ZIKV. The env gene inserted into the fowlpox vector was verifed for correct transgene expression by Western blotting and by immunofuorescence in diferent cell lines. The production of virus-like particles as a result of env gene expression was also demonstrated by electron microscopy. BALB/c mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and immunized following a prime–boost strategy in a heterologous protocol where pVAXzenv was followed by FPzenv, to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Env protein. The mice underwent a challenge with an epidemic ZIKV after the last boost. Results: These data show that the ZIKV Env protein was correctly expressed in both normal human lung fbroblasts (MRC-5 cells) and green monkey kidney (Vero) cells infected with FPzenv, and that the transgene expression lasted for more than 2 weeks. After mucosal administration of FPzenv, the immunized mice showed specifc and signifcantly higher humoral responses compared to the control mice. However, virus neutralizing antibodies were not detected using plaque reduction assays. Conclusions: Although BALB/c mice appear to be an adequate model for ZIKV infection, as it mimics the natural mild infection in human beings, inadequate immune suppression seemed to occur by dexamethasone and diferent immune suppression strategies should be applied before challenge to reveal any protection of the mice. Keywords: Zika virus, Recombinant vaccines, Fowlpox virus, Prime–boost vaccination, Immune response, Electron microscopy Highlights 1. A recombinant avipoxvirus was constructed to express the env gene of Zika virus 2. Novel putative recombinant vaccines were used in a prime–boost immunization regimen *Correspondence: [email protected] 3. Mucosal immunization enhances the humoral †Antonia Radaelli and Carlo De Giuli Morghen: Joint last authors immune response 1 Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Recombinant Vaccine Development, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creat iveco mmons .org/publi cdoma in/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Zanotto et al. Virol J (2021) 18:50 Page 2 of 14 Background protect against both homologous and heterologous Zika virus (ZIKV) was frst isolated in 1947 from rhesus virus strains [32]. In particular, avipox viruses have macaques in the Zika Forest Research Station of Uganda, taken on an important role in the development of novel and was then identifed in Aedes africanus mosquitoes recombinant immunogens, as they do not replicate in from the same forest [1]. ZIKV belongs to the Flavivi- most mammalian cells, although permissive for entry rus genus of the Flaviviridae family, which includes the and transgene expression [33, 34]. Moreover, avipox- Dengue, Yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, virus vectors do not cause the undesired side efects and Tick-borne encephalitis viruses, which have single- induced by vaccinia-based recombinants, and they are stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes of around 11 kb not neutralized in individuals who have already been [2]. In particular, ZIKV shows antibody cross-reactivity immunized against smallpox [35]. In particular, Fowl- to the four serotypes of Dengue virus [3]. Although ZIKV pox (FP)-based recombinants can express foreign anti- might also be sexually and vertically transmitted [4, 5], gens for long periods and induce protective immunity bites by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos in mammals [36–38]. represent the main route of ZIKV infection in humans Te structural proteins encoded by ZIKV after post- [6]. translational processing of the RNA genome include the Human infections were initially reported in Nigeria in capsid (c), the membrane precursor or pre-membrane 1954 [7], but the frst major outbreak occurred in 2007 (Pr), the membrane (M), and the envelope (E) proteins. on Yap Island, in the Federated States of Micronesia, In particular, the envelope proteins of faviviruses show where almost 75% of the population was shown to be very similar structures and functions, as they can mediate infected, and almost 20% developed symptomatic disease virus cell fusion [39] and elicit a cell-mediated response [8]. Large outbreaks also occurred in French Polynesia in [40]. Tey are therefore the main targets of neutralizing 2013 [9], and in South America [10]. ZIKV infections are antibodies, and can be related to ZIKV neurotropism mainly asymptomatic, but in spite of the generally mild [39]. self-limiting symptoms associated with maculopapular Here, we report on the construction of a novel DNA rash, headache, conjunctivitis, and musculoskeletal pain, recombinant (pVAXzenv) and a novel FP recombinant neurological complications can occur, such as micro- (FPzenv) putative vaccines that contain the cPrME genes cephaly in the developing fetus [4]. ZIKV has also been of ZIKV (Fig. 1). Tis sequence is related to cellular entry, associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, an and we evaluate the immunogenicity of the Env protein autoimmune neurological disease that is characterized by in a mouse model after challenge with an epidemic ZIKV muscle weakness, motor dysfunction, and in some cases, strain. Te fnal aim was to use the pVAXzenv recombi- paralysis [10, 11], as the virus can infect human neural nant as a prime and the FPzenv recombinant as a boost, progenitor cells [12]. administered also by the mucosal route. Tis novel FP Tus, since its introduction into Brazil in 2015, ZIKV construct was used to infect chick embryo fbroblasts has been declared a public health emergency of interna- (CEFs), normal human lung fbroblasts (MRC-5 cells), tional concern by the World Health Organization [13], and green monkey kidney (Vero) cells to assess transgene as it might represent an international threat [14]. Con- expression in vitro. Transcript expression in Vero cells sidering also its easy transmission from asymptomatic was tested to determine whether FPzenv induces long- patients, rapid development of a safe and efective vac- lasting responses. Te production of VLPs, as a result of cine is required to prevent further outbreaks. env gene expression, was also verifed by electron micros- Currently, there have been many attempts to develop copy. Mice immunization was performed by priming the candidate vaccines against ZIKV [15–17] that have animals with pVAXzenv by in-vivo electroporation (e.p.) included subunit and recombinant plasmid-based vac- and boosting them by subcutaneous (s.c.) and intranasal cines, inactivated or live-attenuated viral vaccines, (i.n.) administration of the FPzenv. Humoral responses recombinant vaccines [18, 19], and virus like particles were verifed before all bleeding times, and the virus (VLPs) [20, 21]. All these have shown diferent efca- neutralizing activity was tested before the challenge. Te cies in mice and nonhuman primate models [20, 22–27]. challenge with ZIKV was performed, after the last boost, Some of them have also been advanced to clinical evalua- on mice immunosuppressed with dexamethasone. Te tion, and are undergoing phase I and II clinical trials [12, experimentally immunized mice showed signifcantly 13, 28, 29]. higher antibody responses compared to the controls, Attenuated viral-vectored vaccines are among the especially after FPzenv administration by the mucosal most efective immunogens against infectious dis- route. Viral neutralizing activity could not be demon- eases [30, 31], as they are potent stimulators of anti- strated, as well as protection after the challenge with bodies and cell-mediated immunity, and they can ZIKV, as all of the mice survived. Zanotto et al. Virol J (2021) 18:50 Page 3 of 14 structural genes PrME signal non-structural genes c Pr M E RT-PCR cPrME (zenv) animal immunizaon pFPzenv pVAXzenv recombinaon plasmid expression
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genomic Characterisation of a Novel Avipoxvirus Isolated from an Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes Antipodes)
    viruses Article Genomic Characterisation of a Novel Avipoxvirus Isolated from an Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) Subir Sarker 1,* , Ajani Athukorala 1, Timothy R. Bowden 2,† and David B. Boyle 2 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; [email protected] 2 CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; [email protected] (T.R.B.); [email protected] (D.B.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-3-9479-2317; Fax: +61-3-9479-1222 † Present address: CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia. Abstract: Emerging viral diseases have become a significant concern due to their potential con- sequences for animal and environmental health. Over the past few decades, it has become clear that viruses emerging in wildlife may pose a major threat to vulnerable or endangered species. Diphtheritic stomatitis, likely to be caused by an avipoxvirus, has been recognised as a signifi- cant cause of mortality for the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in New Zealand. However, the avipoxvirus that infects yellow-eyed penguins has remained uncharacterised. Here, we report the complete genome of a novel avipoxvirus, penguinpox virus 2 (PEPV2), which was derived from a virus isolate obtained from a skin lesion of a yellow-eyed penguin. The PEPV2 genome is 349.8 kbp in length and contains 327 predicted genes; five of these genes were found to be unique, while a further two genes were absent compared to shearwaterpox virus 2 (SWPV2).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Evolution of Novel Invertebrate DNA Viruses Revealed by Meta-Transcriptomics
    viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Novel Invertebrate DNA Viruses Revealed by Meta-Transcriptomics Ashleigh F. Porter 1, Mang Shi 1, John-Sebastian Eden 1,2 , Yong-Zhen Zhang 3,4 and Edward C. Holmes 1,3,* 1 Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [email protected] (A.F.P.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (J.-S.E.) 2 Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia 3 Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; [email protected] 4 Department of Zoonosis, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-2-9351-5591 Received: 17 October 2019; Accepted: 23 November 2019; Published: 25 November 2019 Abstract: DNA viruses comprise a wide array of genome structures and infect diverse host species. To date, most studies of DNA viruses have focused on those with the strongest disease associations. Accordingly, there has been a marked lack of sampling of DNA viruses from invertebrates. Bulk RNA sequencing has resulted in the discovery of a myriad of novel RNA viruses, and herein we used this methodology to identify actively transcribing DNA viruses in meta-transcriptomic libraries of diverse invertebrate species. Our analysis revealed high levels of phylogenetic diversity in DNA viruses, including 13 species from the Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Genomoviridae families of single-stranded DNA virus families, and six double-stranded DNA virus species from the Nudiviridae, Polyomaviridae, and Herpesviridae, for which few invertebrate viruses have been identified to date.
    [Show full text]
  • First Phylogenetic Analysis of Avipoxvirus (APV) in Brazil1
    Pesq. Vet. Bras. 36(5):357-362, maio 2016 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2016000500001 First phylogenetic analysis of Avipoxvirus (APV) in Brazil1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 Hiran C. Kunert-Filho *, Samuel P. Cibulski , Fabrine2 Finkler , Tiela T. Grassotti , Fátima R.F. Jaenisch , Kelly C.T. de Brito , Daiane Carvalho , Maristela Lovato ABSTRACT.- and Benito G. de Brito First phylogenetic analysis of Avipoxvi- rus (APV) in Kunert-FilhoBrazil. Pesquisa H.C., Veterinária Cibulski S.P., Brasileira Finkler 36(5):357-362F., Grassotti T.T., Jaenisch F.R.F., Brito K.C.T., Carvalho D., Lovato M. & Brito B.G. 2016. Laboratório de Saúde E-mail:das Aves e Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, FEPAGRO Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. [email protected] This study represents the first phylogenetic analysis of avian poxvirus recovered from- turkeys in Brazil. The clinical disorders related to fowlpox herein described occurred in a turkey housing system. The birds displaying characteristic pox lesions which were ob served on the neck, eyelids and beak of the turkeys. Four affected turkeys were randomly chosen, euthanized and necropsied. Tissues samples were submitted for histopathologicalP4b analysis and total DNA was further extracted, amplified by conventional PCR, sequenced- and phylogenetically analyzed. Avian poxviruses specific PCR was performed basedP4b on core protein gene sequence. The histological analysis revealed dermal inflammatory pro- cess, granulation tissue, hyperplasia of epithelial cells and inclusion bodies. The ® gene was detected in all samples. Sequencing revealed a 100% nucleotide and amino acid se quence identity among the samples, andAvipoxvirus the sequences were deposited in GenBank .
    [Show full text]
  • A Multiplex PCR for Detection of Poxvirus and Papillomavirus in Cutaneous Warts from Live Birds and Museum Skins
    Submitted, accepted and published by AVIAN DISEASES 55:545–553, 2011 A Multiplex PCR for Detection of Poxvirus and Papillomavirus in Cutaneous Warts from Live Birds and Museum Skins a AG BG C D C E C J . Pe´rez-Tris, R. A. J. Williams, E. Abel-Ferna´ndez, J. Barreiro, J. J. Conesa, J. Figuerola, M. Martinez-Mart´ınez, A CF A. Ram´ırez, and L. Benitez ADepartmento de Zoolog´ıa y Antropolog´ıa F´ısica, Facultad de Biolog´ıa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Jose Antonio Novais, 28040, Madrid, Spain BNatural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 CDepartmento de Microbiolog´ıa III, Facultad de Biolog´ıa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Jose Antonio Novais, 28040, Madrid, Spain DMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain EEstacion Biologica de Don˜ ana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas, 41013 Seville, Spain SUMMARY. Viral cutaneous lesions are frequent in some bird populations, though we are generally ignorant of the causal agent. In some instances, they represent a threat to livestock and wildlife health. We present here a multiplex PCR which detects and distinguishes infection by two such agents, avipoxviruses and papillomaviruses, in avian hosts. We assayed biopsies and superficial skin swabs from field and preserved museum skin specimens. Ninety-three percent of samples from symptomatic specimens tested positive for the presence of avipox (n 5 23) or papillomavirus (n 5 5). Sixteen and five sequences, corresponding to the P4b and L1 genes, were obtained from avipox and papillomavirus, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Taqman Quantitative Real-Time PCR for Detecting Avipoxvirus DNA in Various Sample
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.983460; this version posted March 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Baek et al. 1 TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR for detecting Avipoxvirus DNA in various sample 2 types from hummingbirds 3 Hanna E. Baek¹, Ravinder N. Sehgal¹, Ruta R. Bandivadekar², Pranav Pandit3, Michelle Mah², 4 and Lisa A. Tell² 5 6 1Dept. of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA 7 ²Dept of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 8 Davis, CA, USA 9 3EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, 10 University of California, Davis, CA, USA 11 12 Co-Corresponding Authors: 13 Lisa A. Tell ([email protected]) 14 Ravinder Sehgal ([email protected]) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.983460; this version posted March 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Baek et al. 22 Abstract 23 Background: 24 Avian pox is a viral disease documented in a wide range of bird species. Disease related 25 detrimental effects can cause dyspnea and dysphagia, therefore birds with high metabolic 26 requirements, such as hummingbirds, are especially vulnerable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Genome Sequences of Poxviruses Isolated from a Penguin
    Offerman et al. BMC Genomics 2014, 15:463 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/15/463 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in South Africa and comparison to other sequenced avipoxviruses Kristy Offerman1†, Olivia Carulei1†, Anelda Philine van der Walt2, Nicola Douglass1 and Anna-Lise Williamson1,3,4* Abstract Background: Two novel avipoxviruses from South Africa have been sequenced, one from a Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) (FeP2) and the other from an African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (PEPV). We present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content. Results: The FeP2 (282 kbp) and PEPV (306 kbp) genomes encode 271 and 284 open reading frames respectively and are more closely related to one another (94.4%) than to either fowlpox virus (FWPV) (85.3% and 84.0% respectively) or Canarypox virus (CNPV) (62.0% and 63.4% respectively). Overall, FeP2, PEPV and FWPV have syntenic gene arrangements; however, major differences exist throughout their genomes. The most striking difference between FeP2 and the FWPV-like avipoxviruses is a large deletion of ~16 kbp from the central region of the genome of FeP2 deleting a cc-chemokine-like gene, two Variola virus B22R orthologues, an N1R/p28-like gene and a V-type Ig domain family gene. FeP2 and PEPV both encode orthologues of vaccinia virus C7L and Interleukin 10. PEPV contains a 77 amino acid long orthologue of Ubiquitin sharing 97% amino acid identity to human ubiquitin.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UDORA - University of Derby Online Research Archive RESEARCH ARTICLE Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain Jorge Ruiz-MartõÂnez1, Martina Ferraguti2, Jordi Figuerola2,3, Josue MartõÂnez-de la Puente2,3, Richard Alexander John Williams4¤, Amparo Herrera-Dueñas4, Jose Ignacio Aguirre4, Ramo n Soriguer2,3, Clara Escudero1, MichaeÈl Andre Jean Moens4, Javier PeÂrez-Tris4, Laura BenõÂtez1* 1 Departamento de MicrobiologõÂa III, Facultad de BiologõÂa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 2 EstacioÂn BioloÂgica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientõÂficas, Sevilla, Spain, 3 CIBER EpidemiologõÂa y Salud PuÂblica (CIBERESP), Spain, 4 Departamento de ZoologõÂa y AntropologÂõa a1111111111 FõÂsica, Facultad de BiologõÂa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain a1111111111 a1111111111 ¤ Current Address: Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, a1111111111 Kalmar, Sweden a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Avipoxvirus (APV) is a fairly common virus affecting birds that causes morbidity and mortal- Citation: Ruiz-MartõÂnez J, Ferraguti M, Figuerola J, ity in wild and captive birds. We studied the prevalence of pox-like lesions and genetic diver- MartõÂnez-de la Puente J, Williams RAJ, Herrera- sity of APV in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in natural, agricultural and urban areas Dueñas A, et al. (2016) Prevalence and Genetic in southern Spain in 2013 and 2014 and in central Spain for 8 months (2012±2013). Overall, Diversity of Avipoxvirus in House Sparrows in Spain. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168690. doi:10.1371/ 3.2% of 2,341 house sparrows visually examined in southern Spain had cutaneous lesions journal.pone.0168690 consistent with avian pox.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Infections with Encephalitic Flaviviruses
    Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Infections with Encephalitic Flaviviruses John T. Roehrig, Ph.D. Arboviral Diseases Branch Division of Vector-Borne Diseases CDC, USA Viruses in the Genus Flavivirus (Family Flaviviridae) Tick-borne viruses Mammalian tick-borne virus group (TBE, POW) Seabird tick-borne virus group Mosquito-borne viruses Aroa virus group Dengue virus group Japanese encephalitis virus group Kokobera virus group Ntaya virus group Spondweni virus group Yellow fever virus group Viruses with no known arthropod vector Entebbe bat virus group Modoc virus group Rio Bravo virus group Tentative Species in Genus Tanama bat virus Cell fusing agent Kamiti River virus Culex flavivirus Serocomplexes of Flaviviruses 1. Tick-borne encephalitis – TBE (Eu, FE, Sib), POW, KFD, OHF 2. Rio Bravo – MOD 3. Japanese encephalitis – JE, SLE, MVE, WN(KUN) 4. Spondweni – ZIK 5. Ntaya – ITM 6. Banzi – EHV 7. Dengue – 1, 2, 3, 4 8. Yellow fever, Rocio, Ilheus, Bussuquara, Sepik, Wesselsbron Flaviviral Encephalitides: General Clinical Description • Asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness • Fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, rash, conjunctivitis • Incubation period usually 5 to 15 days • CNS involvement and death in minority of cases – sequellae can occur • No specific treatment Prevention and Control of Flaviviral Infections • Vector control – source reduction, larvaciding, adulticiding • Exposure control – avoid mosquito and tick bites, repellents • Vaccination – JEV and TBEV TBEV: Background and Epidemiology • First isolated
    [Show full text]
  • Recombinant Viruses As Vaccines Against Viral Diseases
    BrazilianRecombinant Journal viruses of Medical as vaccines and Biological Research (2005) 38: 509-522 509 ISSN 0100-879X Review Recombinant viruses as vaccines against viral diseases A.P.D. Souza1, 1Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, L. Haut1, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil A. Reyes-Sandoval2 2Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, and A.R. Pinto1 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK Abstract Correspondence Vaccine approaches to infectious diseases are widely applied and Key words A.R. Pinto appreciated. Amongst them, vectors based on recombinant viruses • Vaccine Departamento de Microbiologia e have shown great promise and play an important role in the develop- • Immunity Parasitologia, UFSC ment of new vaccines. Many viruses have been investigated for their • Recombinant viruses 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC ability to express proteins from foreign pathogens and induce specific • Viral vectors Brasil • Infectious disease Fax: +55-48-331-9258 immunological responses against these antigens in vivo. Generally, E-mail: [email protected] gene-based vaccines can stimulate potent humoral and cellular im- mune responses and viral vectors might be an effective strategy for A.R. Pinto is supported by Fundação both the delivery of antigen-encoding genes and the facilitation and de Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado enhancement of antigen presentation. In order to be utilized as a de Santa Catarina (FUNCITEC) and vaccine carrier, the ideal viral vector should be safe and enable Programa Nacional de DST/AIDS, efficient presentation of required pathogen-specific antigens to the Ministério da Saúde, Brasil. immune system. It should also exhibit low intrinsic immunogenicity to allow for its re-administration in order to boost relevant specific immune responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Baculovirus Molecular Biology
    1 2 Baculovirus Molecular Biology Fourth Edition George F. Rohrmann Department of Microbiology Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-3804 [email protected] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543458/ Copyright G. F. Rohrmann 2019 Citation: Rohrmann GF. Baculovirus Molecular Biology [Internet]. 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2019. 3 4 Table of Contents Preface 7 Chapters 1. Introduction to the baculoviruses, their taxonomy, and evolution 11 2. Structural proteins of baculovirus occlusion bodies and virions 25 3. The baculovirus replication cycle: Effects on cells and insects 53 4. Early events in infection: Virus transcription 73 5. DNA replication and genome processing 83 6. Baculovirus late transcription 105 7. Baculovirus infection: The cell cycle and apoptosis 117 8. Host resistance, susceptibility and the effect of viral infection on host molecular biology 125 9. Baculoviruses as insecticides; three examples 133 10. Baculovirus expression technology: Theory and application 139 11. Baculoviruses, retroviruses, DNA transposons (piggyBac), and insect cells 151 12. The AcMNPV genome: gene content, conservation, and function 165 13. Selected baculovirus genes without orthologs in the AcMNPV genome: Conservation and function 221 14. Glossary 227 5 6 Preface from fourth edition George Rohrmann, PhD August 1, 2019 This is the 4th edition of a book that was initiated with the annotation of the function of all the genes in the most commonly studied baculovirus, AcMNPV. It has been almost six years since I reviewed this literature. As a measure of the research that has occurred over this time, Chapter 12 which reviews all the presumptive genes in the AcMNPV genome went from 481 references to 582, a 21% increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Viruses Status January 2013 FOEN/FOPH 2013 1
    Classification of Organisms. Part 2: Viruses Status January 2013 FOEN/FOPH 2013 1 Authors: Prof. Dr. Riccardo Wittek, Dr. Karoline Dorsch-Häsler, Julia Link > Classification of Organisms Part 2: Viruses The classification of viruses was first published in 2005 and revised in 2010. Classification of Organisms. Part 2: Viruses Status January 2013 FOEN/FOPH 2013 2 Name Group Remarks Adenoviridae Aviadenovirus (Avian adenoviruses) Duck adenovirus 2 TEN Duck adenovirus 2 2 PM Fowl adenovirus A 2 Fowl adenovirus 1 (CELO, 112, Phelps) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus B 2 Fowl adenovirus 5 (340, TR22) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus C 2 Fowl adenovirus 10 (C-2B, M11, CFA20) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus 4 (KR-5, J-2) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus D 2 Fowl adenovirus 11 (380) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus 2 (GAL-1, 685, SR48) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus 3 (SR49, 75) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus 9 (A2, 90) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus E 2 Fowl adenovirus 6 (CR119, 168) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus 7 (YR36, X-11) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus 8a (TR59, T-8, CFA40) 2 PM Fowl adenovirus 8b (764, B3) 2 PM Goose adenovirus 2 Goose adenovirus 1-3 2 PM Pigeon adenovirus 2 PM TEN Turkey adenovirus 2 TEN Turkey adenovirus 1, 2 2 PM Mastadenovirus (Mammalian adenoviruses) Bovine adenovirus A 2 Bovine adenovirus 1 2 PM Bovine adenovirus B 2 Bovine adenovirus 3 2 PM Bovine adenovirus C 2 Bovine adenovirus 10 2 PM Canine adenovirus 2 Canine adenovirus 1,2 2 PM Caprine adenovirus 2 TEN Goat adenovirus 1, 2 2 PM Equine adenovirus A 2 Equine adenovirus 1 2 PM Equine adenovirus B 2 Equine adenovirus 2 2 PM Classification of Organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Information
    Supporting Information Wu et al. 10.1073/pnas.0905115106 20 15 10 5 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Fig. S1. HGT cutoff and tree topology. Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance [Robinson DF, Foulds LR (1981) Math Biosci 53:131–147] between viral proteome trees with different horizontal gene transfer (HGT) cutoffs h at feature length 8. Tree distances are between h and h-1. The tree topology remains stable for h in the range 13–31. We use h ϭ 20 in this work. Wu et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/0905115106 1of6 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 0.0/0.5 0.5/0.7 0.7/0.9 0.9/1.1 1.1/1.3 1.3/1.5 Fig. S2. Low complexity features and tree topology. Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance between viral proteome trees with different low-complexity cutoffs K2 for feature length 8 and HGT cutoff 20. The tree topology changes least for K2 ϭ 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3. We choose K2 ϭ 1.1 for this study. Wu et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/0905115106 2of6 Table S1. Distribution of the 164 inter-viral-family HGT instances bro hr RR2 RR1 IL-10 Ubi TS Photol. Total Baculo 45 1 10 9 11 1 77 Asco 11 7 1 19 Nudi 1 1 1 3 SGHV 1 1 2 Nima 1 1 2 Herpes 48 12 Pox 18 8 2 3 1 3 35 Irido 1 1 2 4 Phyco 2 3 2 1 8 Allo 1 1 2 Total 56 8 35 24 6 17 14 4 164 The HGT cutoff is 20 8-mers.
    [Show full text]