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Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6372

Report of Activities, 2020 Resident Geologist Program

Thunder Bay North Regional Resident Geologist Report: Thunder Bay North District

2021

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report 6372

Report of Activities, 2020 Resident Geologist Program

Thunder Bay North Regional Resident Geologist Report: Thunder Bay North District

by

T.K. Pettigrew, G.F. Paju, M. Dorado-Troughton, S.A. Ferguson, G. Dorland and C. Patterson

2021

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Pettigrew, T.K., Paju, G.F., Dorado-Troughton, M., Ferguson, S.A., Dorland, G. and Patterson, C. 2021. Report of Activities 2020, Resident Geologist Program, Thunder Bay North Regional Resident Geologist Report: Thunder Bay North District; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6372, 63p.

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© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2021

© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2021.

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Pettigrew, T.K., Paju, G.F., D orado-Troughton, M., Ferguson, S.A., Dorland, G. and Patterson, C. 2021. Report of Activities 2020, Resident Geologist Program, Thunder Bay North Regional Resident Geologist Report: Thunder Bay North District; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6372, 63p.

iii

Mines and Minerals Division Regional and District Offices

CITY ADDRESS OFFICE(S) TELEPHONE FAX Kenora Suite 104, 810 Robertson St., ○ ■ (807) 468-2813 (807) 468-2930 Kenora P9N 4J2 Red Lake 227 Howey Street, P.O. Box 324, ● ■ (807) 727-3272 (807) 727-3553 Red Lake P0V 2M0 Thunder Bay – North Suite B002, 435 James St. S., ● ■ (807) 475-1332 (807) 475-1112 Thunder Bay – South Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 ▼ Sault Ste. Marie 740 Great Northern Road, ○ ■ (705) 945-6932 Sault Ste. Marie P6B 0B4 Timmins Ontario Government Complex, P.O. Bag 3060, ● ■ (705) 235-1615 (705) 235-1620 5520 Hwy 101 East, South Porcupine P0N 1H0 ▼ Kirkland Lake 1451 Hwy 66, ● ■ (705) 568-4520 (705) 568-4524 Swastika P0K 1T0 Sudbury Willet Green Miller Centre, Level A3, ○ (705) 670-5733 (705) 670-5770 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury P3E 6B5  (705) 670-5742 (705) 670-5681 Toll-Free (Canada, USA): Toll-Free (Canada, USA): (888) 415-9845 (877) 670-1444 Tweed P.O. Bag Service 43, 126 Old Troy Rd., ● ■ (613) 478-3161 (613) 478-2873 (Southern Ontario) Tweed K0K 3J0 ▼

v

Ontario Geological Survey Resident Geologist Program

Thunder Bay North Regional Resident Geologist (Thunder Bay North District)—2020

by

T.K. Pettigrew, G.F. Paju, M. Dorado-Troughton, S.A. Ferguson, G. Dorland and C. Patterson

2021

CONTENTS

Thunder Bay North District—2020

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 MINING ACTIVITY ...... 1 Musselwhite Mine ...... 3 Historical Mineral Production in Thunder Bay North District ...... 4 EXPLORATION ACTIVITY ...... 5 Introduction ...... 5 Advanced Projects...... 16 Exploration Projects ...... 17 DISTRICT STAFF AND ACTIVITIES ...... 31 Drill Core Storage Site ...... 32 PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS ...... 32 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXPLORATION ...... 32 Unconventional Gold Exploration Targets: Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold and Oxidized Felsic Intrusions ..... 32 Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Targets West of Lake Nipigon ...... 32 Oxidized Felsic Intrusion Targets in the Onaman–Tashota Greenstone Belt ...... 35 Summary ...... 35 Multi-Commodity Potential in Gzowski and Kowkash Townships ...... 36 Property Examinations Geodatabase: A Recently Expanded Tool for Referencing Historical Geological Information ...... 39 OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS ...... 41 MINERAL DEPOSITS NOT BEING MINED ...... 43 REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES—NORTHWEST REGION ...... 49 Land-Use Planning Activities ...... 49 Crown Lands ...... 50 Crown Land Disposition ...... 50 Forest Management Planning...... 50 Far North Land Use Planning ...... 51 Withdrawal Orders ...... 52 Aggregates ...... 52 Municipal and Private Lands ...... 52 Municipal Planning ...... 52 Exemptions from Mining Tax ...... 53 First Nations ...... 54 Other Activities ...... 54 Class Environmental Assessments ...... 54 Policy and Guidance ...... 55 Conferences and Outreach Activities ...... 55 MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOSCIENTIST ACTIVITIES —NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO ...... 55 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA SPECIALISTS ACTIVITIES —NORTHWESTERN AND NORTHEASTERN ONTARIO ...... 56 Existing Data Products ...... 56 Ontario Assessment File Database and Ontario Drill Hole Database ...... 56

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New Data Products...... 57 OGSFocus ...... 57 Property Examinations Geodatabase ...... 57 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 58 REFERENCES ...... 58

Tables 1. Mine production and reserves in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 ...... 3 2. Gold and silver production in the Thunder Bay North District to the end of 2020 ...... 4 3. Other historical production in the Thunder Bay North District...... 5 4. Active mining claim information by year in the Thunder Bay North District ...... 6 5. Active exploration plans in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 ...... 6 6. Active exploration permits in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 ...... 6 7. Assessment files received in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 ...... 10 8. Exploration activity in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020, keyed to Figures 3 and 4 ...... 12 9. Mineral occurrences of the Tontine Group ...... 37 10. Publications received by the Thunder Bay North District Geologist office in 2020 ...... 42 11. University theses and other research projects undertaken in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 ...... 43 12. Mineral deposits not being mined in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 ...... 43 13. Far North Act planning initiatives with ENDM, northwestern Ontario, 2020 ...... 51 14. Municipal planning initiatives with ENDM input, northwestern Ontario, 2020 ...... 53 15. Mineral Deposit Inventory records revision in northwestern Ontario in 2020 ...... 56 16. Ontario Mineral Exploration Information System (OMEIS) statistics for 2020 ...... 57

Figures 1. Location of the Thunder Bay North District showing active mining claims, including lapsed mining claims and new mining claims staked during 2020...... 2 2. Active exploration programs by commodity in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 ...... 5 3. Exploration in the Thunder Bay North District (southern portion) for the year 2020 (keyed to Table 8) ... 14 4. Exploration in the Thunder Bay North District (northern portion) for the year 2020 (keyed to Table 8) ... 15 5. Locations of Ardiden Ltd.’s 2020 Phase 1 summer and planned 2020–2021 Phase 2 winter drill programs on the Kasagiminnis property ...... 18 6. Plan view of Pickle Crow mineralized trend highlighting location and results of reconnaissance drilling done in 2020 by Auteco Minerals Ltd...... 19 7. Map of Copper-Zinc discovery group anomaly areas on Copper Lake Resources’ Marshall Lake property 20 8. Historical sample assay and 2019 drill-hole locations showing key intercepts, overlying an image from the 2020 total field magnetic survey, GoldON Resources Ltd...... 22 9. Mineralized contact superimposed on image of chargeable induced polarization survey, showing locations of the A- and McLeod zones, with locations of the 2020 Phase 1 drill program on the Ishkoday property, Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc...... 24 10. Metals Creek Resources Corp. Dona Lake Mine three-dimensional (3-D) model showing the 2020 drilling program penetrating the Main and B zones ...... 26 11. Three-dimensional (3-D) view of the Noront Resources Ltd. Nikka deposit block model showing the No.3, No.8 main and No.8 footwall sulphide zones ...... 28 12. Geological map of the northwest Lake Nipigon area showing the approximate locations of the English Bay and Badwater intrusive complexes in the Thunder Bay North District ...... 33 13. Total field magnetic imagery map of the northwest Lake Nipigon area showing the approximate locations of the English Bay and Badwater intrusive complexes ...... 34

ix

14. Geology and location of mineral occurrences and diamond-drill holes of the Tontine Group area in Gzowski and Kowkash townships ...... 36 15. Map of the Tontine Group area overlain by the residual magnetic image showing magnetic anomalies of the western Kowkash Township ...... 38 16. Map of the Tontine Group area overlain by the second vertical derivative magnetic image showing magnetic anomalies of western Kowkash Township ...... 38 17. Map showing the results of the Property Examination Geodatabase pilot data layer and the distribution of points in the RGP Northwest Region ...... 40 18. Image of a “pop-up” message showing the metadata displayed for a point in the Property Examination Geodatabase data layer ...... 40 19. Extent of the Regional Land Use Geologists’ areas of responsibility ...... 49

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Thunder Bay North Regional Resident Geologist (Thunder Bay North District)—2020

T.K. Pettigrew1,5, G.F. Paju2, M. Dorado-Troughton3, S.A. Ferguson4, G. Dorland6 and C. Patterson7

1Regional Resident Geologist (Acting), Thunder Bay North, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 2District Geologist, Thunder Bay North District, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 3District Geological Assistant (Acting, November–December), Thunder Bay North District, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 4Regional Land Use Geologist – Northwest Region, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 5Mineral Deposit Compilation Geoscientist – Northwestern Ontario, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 6Geographic Information System Data Specialist – Northwestern Ontario, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 7Geographic Information System Data Specialist – Northeastern Ontario, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

INTRODUCTION

The Thunder Bay North District encompasses Lake Nipigon, extends over 700 km north from Highway 11 to the Hudson Bay coast and includes the western portion of the James Bay Lowland that hosts the McFaulds Lake “Ring of Fire” area (Figure 1). The following communities are situated within the District: Angling Lake (Wapakeka First Nation (FN)); Armstrong; Beardmore; Bearskin Lake FN; Big Trout Lake (Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug FN); Caramat; Cat Lake FN; Fort Hope (Eabametoong FN); Fort Severn FN; Geraldton; Gull Bay FN; Jellicoe; Kasabonika FN; Kingfisher Lake FN; Lansdowne House (Neskantaga FN); Longlac; Macdiarmid; Marten Falls; Nakina; North Caribou Lake FN (Weagamow); Osnaburgh House (Mishkeegogamang FN); Pickle Lake; Summer Beaver (Nibinamik FN); Webequie FN; and Wunnumin Lake FN.

The authors note that, for ease of reading, all Web addresses were accessed on January 31, 2021, unless otherwise noted. All Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) co-ordinates are reported in North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), zones 15 or 16, unless otherwise noted.

MINING ACTIVITY

Mine production and reserves in the Thunder Bay North District (District) for 2020 are shown in Table 1. Musselwhite Mine is the only active mining operation in the Thunder Bay North District. Historical production in the District is shown in Tables 2 and 3.

1 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Figure 1. Location of the Thunder Bay North District showing active mining claims, including lapsed mining claims and new mining claims staked during 2020.

2 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Table 1. Mine production and reserves in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 (from Newmont Corp., Annual Report, for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020).

Mine Production in 2018 Production in 2019 Production to end December 2020 Tonnage @ Grade Total Commodity Tonnage @ Grade Total Commodity Tonnage @ Grade Total Commodity Musselwhite Mine 1 106 000 t 205 000 ounces 3000 ounces 808 000 t 100 000 ounces @ 5.96 g/t Au @ 4.49 g/t Au

Reserve As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2019 As of December 31, 2020 Classification Tonnage Gold Grade Gold Tonnage Gold Grade Gold Tonnage Gold Grade Gold (g/t Au) (ounces) (g/t Au) (ounces) (g/t Au) (ounces) Proven and Probable 10 910 000 6.49 2 280 000 9 900 000 6.52 2 090 000 8 900 000 6.25 1 790 000 Measured and Indicated 2 200 000 4.67 330 000 6 400 000 4.08 830 000 2 800 000 3.81 340 000 Inferred 5 170 000 5.19 860 000 3 200 000 4.37 440 000 2 700 000 4.65 410 000

Musselwhite Mine

The Musselwhite Mine (Newmont Corp., www.newmont.com) is located 126 km north of Pickle Lake (see Figure 1). Access to the mine site is by means of an all-weather airstrip or a 43 km, all-weather gravel road connecting the mine site to the northern extension of Highway 599 (the Northern Road). Musselwhite is a fly-in operation with pick-up points in Thunder Bay and 5 northern communities. The mine employs and contracts approximately 712 people in underground mine operations and a processing plant. Recent advances have moved many of Musselwhite’s operations to Newmont’s Thunder Bay office where workers operate many of the mine systems remotely. The first gold bar was poured on March 10, 1997, and commercial production began on April 1, 1997 (Canadian and American Mines Handbook, 2016–2017). Musselwhite Mine established an innovative agreement with Mishkeegogamang, Cat Lake, North Caribou Lake, Wunnumin Lake and Kingfisher Lake First Nations, which provides for a range of education, training and employment opportunities and business-related services for these communities (Newmont Corp., www.newmont.com, under Operations and Projects | North America | Musselwhite).

The Musselwhite Mine is situated in the North Caribou greenstone belt of the North Caribou terrane. Gold mineralization is predominantly hosted within metamorphosed chemical sedimentary rocks (i.e., banded iron formations (BIFs)) and, in particular, within garnet-magnetite-grünerite banded iron formations (locally termed the Northern Iron Formation). All rocks have been metamorphosed at middle to upper amphibolite facies (Breaks, Osmani and de Kemp 2001).

In 2020, the mine produced 100 000 ounces of gold from 808 000 milled tons at a grade of 4.49 g/t Au. Underground mine development and rehabilitation of the underground conveyor following the fire in March 2019 continued in 2020. Processing activities resumed in February 2020, primarily from surface stockpiles. However, the ramp up of Musselwhite operations and the construction of the conveyor was temporarily halted and the operations were placed on care and maintenance on March 22, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. While in care and maintenance, essential activities to maintain infrastructure continued, including environmental management, security and ground control. Milling activities at Musselwhite began ramping-up in June 2020 and replacement of the underground conveyor system was commissioned in December 2020. The conveyor system and the material handling systems work in association to efficiently move material from deeper mine levels to the surface. Haul distances are reduced as the ore crushed at depth will be hoisted from the underground crushers to the conveyor system and brought to the surface for processing (Newmont Corp., news release, December 2, 2020; (Newmont Corp., Annual Report, as of December 31, 2020).

3 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Musselwhite Mine’s exploration and production diamond drilling statistics for 2020 are as follows.

Exploration Drilling Depth (m) Underground (PQ Deeps, Redwing) 8846 Surface - North Shore Deep Drilling (PQ Deeps) 4414 Production Drilling Depth (m) Underground 21 523

No regional exploration was conducted in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic (A. Kozlowski, personal communication, February 16, 2021).

Historical Mineral Production in Thunder Bay North District

The majority of production in the Thunder Bay North District, since mining began in the district in the 1930s, has been from gold mines with silver produced as a by-product (Table 2). The exception to this was the Thierry Mine, which produced copper, nickel, platinum, palladium and gold (Table 3).

Table 2. Gold and silver production in the Thunder Bay North District to the end of 2020 (Resident Geologist’s Files, Thunder Bay North District, Thunder Bay).

Years of Production Ore Milled Gold Produced Gold Produced Gold Grade Silver Produced (tonnes) (g) (ounces) (g/t Au) (ounces)

Producing Mines Musselwhite 1997–present 28 816 955 162 354 488 5 219 818 5.85

Past Producers Beardmore-Geraldton Camp

Brengold (Brenbar) 1941, 1949 42 4168 134 99.88 Consolidated Louanna 1983–1984 63 503

Crooked Green Creek 1980–1984 1320 14 650 471 11.10 Greenoaks Mine 1982 1224 6.24 Hard Rock 1938–1951 1 323 016 8 369 355 269 081 6.33 9009 Jellicoe 1939–1941 9634 131 817 4238 13.68 145 Leitch 1936–1968 835 286 26 366 106 847 690 31.57 31 802 Little Long Lac 1934–1954, 1956 1 615 257 18 833 124 605 499 11.66 52 750 MacLeod–Cockshutt 1938–1968 9 377 776 45 900 272 1 475 728 4.89 101 388 Magnet Consolidated 1938–1943, 1946–1952 326 507 4 730 497 152 089 14.49 16 879 Maloney Sturgeon 1937 1 2271 73 2502.86 16 Maylac (Hutchison Lake Mine) 1946–1947 1377 24 634 792 17.89 46 Mosher Long Lac 1962–1966 2 459 067 10 272 390 330 265 4.18 34 604 Northern Empire 1934–1941, 1949 386 339 4 649 752 149 493 12.04 19 803 Orphan (Dikdik) 1934–1935 3198 76 515 2460 23.93 1558 Sand River 1937–1942 143 217 1 557 196 50 065 10.87 3628 Sturgeon River (Ishkoday) 1936–1942 131 653 2 284 177 73 438 17.35 15 922 Talmora–Long Lac 1942, 1948 6018 44 074 1417 7.32 36 Tashota–Nipigon 1935, 1938 46 448 384 315 12 356 8.27 14 527 Theresa 1935–1938; 1941–1943; 23 696 148 830 4785 6.28 202 1945; 1950–1953; 1955 Tombill 1938–1942, 1955 172 929 2 149 872 69 120 12.43 8595

Total 17 138 024 128 009 780 4 115 610 318 500

4 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Years of Production Ore Milled Gold Produced Gold Produced Gold Grade Silver Produced (tonnes) (g) (ounces) (g/t Au) (ounces)

Pickle Lake Camp Albany Shaft* 1947 8346 Central Patricia No.1 1934–1951 1 568 747 19 340 328 621 806 12.33 58 349 Central Patricia No.2 (Springer) 1938–1940 17 133 409 260 13 158 23.89 Dona Lake Mine 1988–1997 852 061 7 667 007 246 500 9.00 Golden Patricia 1988–1997 1 103 286 19 277 811 619 796 17.47 Pickle Crow Mine 1935–1966 2 785 098 44 982 284 1 446 214 16.15 168 757 Total 6 334 672 91 676 689 2 964 474 227 106 *Total Pickle Crow Mine production includes the 9200 t mined from the Albany Shaft.

Table 3. Other historical production in the Thunder Bay North District (Resident Geologist’s Files, Thunder Bay North District, Thunder Bay).

Pickle Lake Camp Years of Ore Milled Copper Nickel Platinum Palladium Gold Production (tons) Produced (lb) Produced (lb) Produced (oz) Produced (oz) Produced (oz) Thierry Mine 1976–1982 5 759 000 967 043 267 621 15 115 40 021 14 689

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY

Introduction

Active exploration programs in the District, by commodity, are shown in Figure 2. Active exploration plans and permits in the District are shown in Tables 5 and 6. Work completed within the District and filed for assessment credits, or otherwise provided, is shown in Table 7. Active mining claim information by year for the District is provided for comparative purposes in Table 4 (see also Figure 1). In 2020, 48 exploration programs were undertaken in the District by prospectors, junior and major exploration companies (Table 8; Figures 3 and 4). Gold was the most sought-after commodity, followed by volcanogenic massive sulphide–related copper-zinc-silver, copper-nickel-platinum group elements (PGE), lithium and rare elements and diamonds (see Figure 2).

Figure 2. Active exploration programs by commodity in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020. (Note, rare elements are sometimes referred to as “rare metals”).

5 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Table 4. Active mining claim information by year in the Thunder Bay North District.

Year Active Claims Active Claim Units Area (ha) Date Compiled 2020 1 242 431 January 4, 2021 2019 988 020 January 6, 2020 2018 964 354 January 9, 2019 681 156 February 28, 2018 (pre-conversion) 2017 4214 41 928 670 847 January 2, 2018 2016 4230 41 488 663 813 January 3, 2017 2015 4425 43 514 696 233 January 4, 2016 2014 5008 50 458 807 319 January 2, 2015

Table 5. Active exploration plans in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020.

Plan Number Plan Holder Project Name Activities Expiry Date PL-18-010889 Jubilee Gold Exploration Ltd. Ishkoday plan Drilling, Mechanized Stripping, Pitting, and 09/07/2020 Trenching of Bedrock PL-18-10864 Vale Canada Ltd. Kelly Lake project Geophysical Surveys 02/21/2020 PL-19-000054 Noront Resources Ltd. & Butler West Line Cutting, Geophysical Surveys 06/28/2021 MacDonald Mines Exploration Ltd. PL-19-000055 KWG Resources Inc. & McFaulds (North block) Line Cutting, Geophysical Surveys 06/17/2021 Noront Muketei Minerals Ltd. PL-19-000056 Noront Muketei Minerals Ltd. & McFaulds (South block) Line Cutting, Geophysical Surveys 06/17/2021 KWG Resources Inc. PL-19-000060 Romios Gold Resources Inc. Markop Lake Line Cutting, Geophysical Surveys 06/29/2021 PL-19-000062 Romios Gold Resources Inc. Eyapamikama Lake Line Cutting, Geophysical Surveys 06/29/2021 PL-19-000089 Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. Sky Lake Geophysical Surveys 07/27/2021 PL-20-000112 Juno Corp. Winisk Geophysical Surveys 10/22/2022

Table 6. Active exploration permits in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020.

Permit Number Permit Holder Project Name Activities Expiry Date PR-13-10102AR Noront Resources Ltd. Eagle’s Nest project Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 05/22/2021 Stripping, Line Cutting PR-13-10213R Noront Resources Ltd. & Butler project Mechanized Drilling 05/19/2021 Macdonald Mines Exploration Ltd. PR-13-10464R Noront Resources Ltd. Eagle’s Nest project Mechanized Stripping, Pitting and 05/22/2021 Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-14-10607R M. Sooley Ti-pa-Haa-Kaa-Ning Mechanized Drilling, Line Cutting 01/20/2021 (TPK) PR-17-11164 M. Downey Sanderson Area project Mechanized Drilling 08/17/2021 PR-17-11171 K. Lucas Karl Zeemel project Mechanized Drilling 11/07/2020 PR-17-11174 H. Goodman & M. Goodman Goodman Sturgeon River Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 10/10/2020 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-17-11174A H. Goodman Goodman Sturgeon River Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 10/10/2020 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-17-11218 M. Tuomi Lamaune property Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock PR-17-11242 J. Baker McVicar Lake Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/13/2021 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000011 I. Johnson Ogoki D Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022 PR-18-000012 I. Johnson Ogoki E Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022 PR-18-000013 I. Johnson Kagiami C Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022

6 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Permit Number Permit Holder Project Name Activities Expiry Date PR-18-000084 Jubilee Gold Exploration Ltd. Ishkoday project 1 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 09/28/2021 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock PR-18-000085 Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc. Ishkoday project 2 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 09/28/2021 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock PR-18-000086 Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc. Ishkoday project 3 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 09/28/2021 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock PR-18-000087 Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc. Ishkoday project 4 Mechanized Stripping, Pitting and 09/28/2021 Trenching of Bedrock PR-18-000088 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 1 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000089 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 2 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000090 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 3 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000091 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 4 Mechanized Drilling, Pitting and Trenching 02/15/2022 of Bedrock Line Cutting PR-18-000092 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 5 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000093 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 6 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000094 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 8 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000095 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 9 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000096 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 10 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000097 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 11 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000098 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 7 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000099 Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 7B Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000107 Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc. Ishkoday project 5 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 09/28/2021 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock PR-18-000133 The Quaternary Mining & Hardrock Extension Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 06/21/2022 Exploration Company Ltd. project Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000134 The Quaternary Mining & Geraldton Longlac project Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 06/21/2022 Exploration Company Ltd. Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000135 The Quaternary Mining & Ferau Resources project Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 06/21/2022 Exploration Company Ltd. Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000136 The Quaternary Mining & Hol-Lac project Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 06/21/2022 Exploration Company Ltd. Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000184 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki A1 Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022 PR-18-000185 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki A2 Mechanized Drilling, Pitting and Trenching 05/31/2022 of Bedrock PR-18-000186 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki A3 Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022

7 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Permit Number Permit Holder Project Name Activities Expiry Date PR-18-000187 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki A4 Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022 PR-18-000193 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki B Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022 PR-18-000194 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki C Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022 PR-18-000195 Bold Ventures Inc. Jean property, Jean claims Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 11/30/2021 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000196 A. Pleson Jean property, Parole East Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 05/09/2022 claims Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-000217 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki A5 Mechanized Drilling 05/31/2022 PR-18-000218 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ogoki F Mechanized Drilling 12/11/2022 PR-18-000224 Golden Share Resources Corp. Kagiami B Mechanized Drilling 12/11/2022 PR-18-000254 Landore Resources Canada Inc. Junior Lake project 2018 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 02/15/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock PR-18-000281 H. Goodman & M. Goodman Goodman Sturgeon River Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 04/18/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-11260 A. Pleson Titan Gold project Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 11/04/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-11275 Kasabonika Minerals Corp. Kasabonika 2018 Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 03/24/2021 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-18-11285 Landore Resources Ltd. Junior Lake property Line Cutting 02/15/2022 PR-18-11286 M. Tuomi Lamaune project Line Cutting 02/15/2022 PR-18-11294 K. Kukkee Meen 2018 Mechanized Drilling 05/08/2021 PR-18-11296 K. Kukkee Dobie 2018 Mechanized Drilling 05/11/2021 PR-18-11298 Alto Ventures Ltd. Miner Lake Mechanized Drilling 04/23/2021 PR-19-000082 Romios Gold Resources Inc. Lundmark-Akow Lake Mechanized Drilling 06/14/2022 PR-19-000100 Canada Chrome Mining Corp. & Black Thor & Big Daddy Mechanized Drilling 07/19/2022 Noront Muketei Minerals Ltd. PR-19-000101 Noront Resources Ltd. Blue Jay (North block) Mechanized Drilling 07/19/2022 PR-19-000102 Noront Resources Ltd. Blue Jay (South block) Mechanized Drilling 07/19/2022 PR-19-000103 Noront Resources Ltd. Eagle's Nest Footwall Mechanized Drilling 07/19/2022 (North block) PR-19-000104 Noront Resources Ltd. Eagle's Nest Footwall Mechanized Drilling 07/19/2022 (South block) PR-19-000106 Noront Muketei Minerals Ltd. Muketei East (block A) Mechanized Drilling 07/22/2022 PR-19-000107 Noront Muketei Minerals Ltd. Muketei East (block B) Mechanized Drilling 07/22/2022 PR-19-000128 KWG Resources Inc. Hornby block Mechanized Drilling 07/25/2022 PR-19-000129 Fancamp Exploration Ltd. Koper Lake block Mechanized Drilling 07/25/2022 PR-19-000131 Golden Share Resources Corp. Basking A Mechanized Drilling 09/09/2022 PR-19-000132 Golden Share Resources Corp. Basking B Mechanized Drilling 09/09/2022 PR-19-000133 Golden Share Resources Corp. Basking C Mechanized Drilling 09/09/2022 PR-19-000134 Golden Share Resources Corp. Basking D Mechanized Drilling 09/09/2022 PR-19-000185 Golden Share Resources Corp. Kagiami D Mechanized Drilling 12/11/2022 PR-19-000186 Golden Share Resources Corp. Kagiami E Mechanized Drilling 12/11/2022 PR-19-000200 R. Hodgson Maun Lake Area claims Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized Stripping 10/16/2022 PR-19-000208 Riverside Resources Inc. Longrose project Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 11/12/2022 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-19-000209 Riverside Resources Inc. Oakes project Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 01/08/2020 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-19-000254 Metals Creek Resources Corp. Dona Lake South Mechanized Drilling, Line Cutting 11/19/2022 PR-19-000259 Goldcorp Canada Ltd. Dona Lake project Mechanized Drilling 11/19/2022

8 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Permit Number Permit Holder Project Name Activities Expiry Date PR-20-000022 Juno Corp. Ring of Fire eastern block Mechanized Drilling 09/08/2020 PR-20-000023 Juno Corp. Ring of Fire Jupiter Mechanized Drilling 09/08/2020 PR-20-000029 White Metal Resources Corp. Pen Mechanized Drilling 03/06/2020 PR-20-000089 Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. GGM Geraldton project C Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized Stripping 08/14/2020 PR-20-000090 Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. GGM Geraldton project B Mechanized Drilling 08/14/2020 PR-20-000091 Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. GGM Geraldton project A Mechanized Drilling 08/14/2020 PR-20-000110 PC Gold Inc. Pickle Crow Mechanized Drilling, Pitting and Trenching 09/16/2020 of Bedrock PR-20-000112 Ardiden Ltd. Kasagiminnis Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized 08/10/2020 Stripping, Pitting and Trenching of Bedrock, Line Cutting PR-20-000211 Ardiden Ltd. South Limb Mechanized Drilling, Mechanized Stripping 09/23/2020 PR-20-000256 Wabassi Resources, ULC Wabassi project Mechanized Drilling 12/10/2020 PR-20-000329 Golden Share Resources Corp. Ratte Mechanized Drilling 12/18/2020

Mining Lands Administration System (MLAS) (www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/mines-and-minerals/mining- act/mining-lands-administration-ontario) was launched on April 10, 2018. This online self-service system provides access to mining claim registration and lands management and replaced traditional ground- staking methods. It marked the completion of Mining Act modernization in support of the Ministry’s Mineral Development Strategy.

Since April 1, 2013, certain prescribed early mineral exploration activities have required an Exploration Plan or Permit issued by the Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines (ENDM) under the Mining Act. • Exploration plans must be filed for geophysical surveys requiring a power generator; line cutting where the line widths are less than 1.5 m; drilling with a drill rig lighter than 150 kg; mechanized stripping where the total surface area stripped does not exceed 100 m2 within a 200 m radius; and test pitting and trenching of bedrock where the volume extracted is between 1 and 3 m3 within a 200 m radius (www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/mines-and-minerals/exploration-plans). • Exploration permits must be obtained for line cutting where the line widths exceed 1.5 m; drilling with drill rigs heavier than 150 kg; mechanized stripping where the total surface area stripped exceeds 100 m2 within a 200 m radius; and test pitting and trenching of bedrock where the total volume extracted exceeds 3 m3 within a 200 m radius (www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/mines- and-minerals/exploration-permits).

Plan submissions and permit applications for projects located in the Thunder Bay North District are processed by the ENDM Northwest Region Mineral Development Branch office in Thunder Bay. In 2020, 9 exploration plans and 86 exploration permits were valid for projects in the District. All exploration plans and permits active in 2020 are listed in Tables 5 and 6.

9 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Table 7. Assessment files received in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020.

Abbreviations ABCON ...... Aboriginal consultation IP ...... Induced polarization survey ACOMP ...... Airborne geophysics – compilation and interpretation LC ...... Line cutting AEM ...... Airborne electromagnetic survey MCOMP ...... Miscellaneous – compilation and interpretation AMAG ...... Airborne magnetic survey METAL ...... Metallurgical testing and bulk sampling ASSAY ...... Assaying and analyses MICRO ...... Microscopic study AVLF ...... Airborne very low frequency EM survey PDRILL ...... Diamond drilling CHNL ...... Channel sampling PERCDH ...... Percussion drilling DHGEO ...... Downhole geophysics PMAN ...... Manual labour DHRLG ...... Drill core relogging PROSP ...... Prospecting DHRSMP ...... Drill core resampling PSTRIP ...... Overburden stripping EM ...... Ground electromagnetic survey PTRNCH ...... Bedrock trenching GCHEM ...... Geochemical survey RCDH ...... Reverse circulation drilling GEOL ...... Geological survey / mapping REHAB ...... Rehabilitation GLCOMP ...... Geology – compilation and interpretation ROCK ...... Rock sampling GR ...... Geological report SOIL ...... Soil sampling GRAV ...... Gravity survey VLF ...... Very low frequency electromagnetic survey

File ID Township/Area Company Name Property Year Work Work Other File Type Approved Identifier 20000017891 Rickaby Hickman Rickaby property 2019 ASSAY, $11,667 47718, 51118 Prospecting PROSP, ROCK, SOIL 20000017892 Matapesatakun Bay Tri Origin Sky Lake property 2019 GR, $137,685 48938, 49846 Area, Caley Lake Area Exploration Ltd. IP 20000017893 Erichsen Lake Area, Newmont Corp. Musselwhite Mine 2019 ACOMP $5,100 48954, 48955, Akow Lake Area, 48956, 48964, Keeyask Lake Area, 48965, 48966, North Caribou Lake 49012, 49013, Area, Randall Lake 49014, 49038, Area, Seeseep Lake 49039, 49048, Area, South of 49049, 49068, Weagamow Lake Area, 49069, 49070, Wachusk Lake Area 49071 20000017907 Summit Lake Area Copper Lake Marshall Lake 2018 ASSAY, $367,520 43912 Resources Ltd., property PDRILL Rainy Mountain Royalty Corp. 20000017926 Ashmore Hardrock Hol-Lac property 2017–2019 ASSAY, $55,202 45238 Extension Inc. CHNL, PSTRIP, PTRNCH, ROCK 20000017935 Fry Lake Area, GoldON Slate Falls 2019 ASSAY, $35,835 2257, 45473 Wesleyan Lake Area Resources Ltd. property PROSP, ROCK 20000017961 Crescent Lake Area Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 2017 ASSAY, $1,505,671 46098 property METAL, PDRILL 20000017977 Leduc Alto Ventures Ltd. Brookbank project 2018 ASSAY, $19,140 46596 PROSP, ROCK 20000017995 Walters, Elmhirst Alto Ventures Ltd. Mud Lake 2017–2019 ACOMP, $43,542 47137 property ASSAY, PROSP, ROCK, SOIL 20000017996 Thomas Lake Area Aecon Mining Inc. Hillsport Quarry 2019 ASSAY, $14,534 47277 PROSP, ROCK

10 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

File ID Township/Area Company Name Property Year Work Work Other File Type Approved Identifier 20000018032 Maun Lake Area R.G. Hodgson Discovery Claims, 2018–2019 ASSAY, $29,235 48820 Megan Occurrence CHNL, PROSP, ROCK 20000018034 Maun Lake Area R.G. Hodgson Hurd Lake 2019 ASSAY, $13,900 48852 property PROSP, PSTRIP, PTRNCH, ROCK 20000018041 BMA 527 861, Noront Resources Area 8/8T8 2017–2018 AMAG, $5,938,590 32128, 32161, BMA 526 862, Ltd. property, ASSAY, 32162, 32181, BMA 526 864, Butler property, DHGEO, 32187, 32190, BMA 527 854, McFaulds Lake DHRLG, 32193, 32197, BMA 527 864, property, DHRSMP, 32199, 32201, BMA 528 854, Ring of Fire EM, 32203, 32206, BMA 528 861, project, GEOL, 32255, 38416, BMA 531 861, Sanderson LC, 38429, 38432, BMA 532 861, property PDRILL, 38439 BMA 532 862, SOIL BMA 533 862 20000018139 Fullerton Lake Area Noronex Ltd. Headway A & B 2018 ASSAY, $28,976 49374, 49401 property LC, PROSP, ROCK 20000018171 McBean Lake Area A. Tims McBean Lake 2018–2019 ASSAY, $11,636 48343 property LC, ROCK, SOIL 20000018175 Pifher Alto Ventures Ltd. Greenoaks 2018–2019 ASSAY, $303,216 49629 property, Miner AVLF, Lake property MICRO, PDRILL, ROCK 20000018185 Errington, Lindsley A.J.R. Pleson, West Geraldton 2019 VLF $3,200 50983 M.J. Goodman Gold project 20000018280 Lapierre, Rickaby C.N. Hickman Orphan property 2019 PROSP $2,181 3171, 52491 20000018290 BMA 531 861 Noront Resources Pinay Target, 2018 ABCON $1,360,979 3098, 51642 Ltd. Sanderson property 20000018332 Elmhirst, Irwin, Pifher, Laurion Mineral Ishkoday property 2019 AMAG, $858,432 50435, 50436 Walters Exploration Inc. ASSAY, CHNL, GEOL, GLCOMP, PMAN, PROSP, PSTRIP, REHAB, ROCK 20000018338 BMA 532 854 CJP Exploration Kyle 3 property 2019–2020 ACOMP, $4,400 53230 Inc., GLCOMP DH Exploration Inc. 20000018392 Laponen Lake Area, Prodigy Gold Inc. Klotz Lake West 2019 ASSAY, $87,264 51613 Castlebar Lake Area, property GEOL, Pagwachuan Lake Area PROSP, ROCK, SOIL 20000018393 Junior Lake Area, Landore Resources BAM East Gold 2018–2020 ASSAY, $2,813,356 51659 Toronto Lake Area Canada Inc. Deposit, Junior PDRILL, Lake property ROCK

11 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

File ID Township/Area Company Name Property Year Work Work Other File Type Approved Identifier 20000018442 Junior Lake Area, Landore Resources BAM East Gold 2019–2020 ASSAY, $1,659,267 54752 Toronto Lake Area Canada Inc. Deposit, Junior EM, Lake property PDRILL, ROCK, SOIL, VLF 20000018443 BMA 526 864, Noront Resources Butler property 2018 ASSAY, $150,637 55102 BMA 526 863, Ltd. GEOL, BMA 527 863, MCOMP, BMA 527 864 ROCK 20000018455 Maun Lake Area Noronex Ltd. Kupfer property 2018–2020 ASSAY, $3,712 52717 GLCOMP, PROSP, ROCK 20000018456 Summit Lake Area, Noronex Ltd. Amukum property 2018–2020 ASSAY, $26,551 52743 Gzowski, GLCOMP, Willet Lake Area PROSP, ROCK 20000018574 Kapkichi Lake Area Ardiden Canada Pickle Lake West 2019 AEM, $37,500 57291 Ltd. AMAG 20000018587 Drum Lake Area D. Brown Fry-McVean 2020 VLF $32,788 57136 Project 20000018598 BMA 527 861, Noront Muketei McFaulds Lake 2018–2019 ASSAY, $7,004,561 50726 BMA 527 854 Minerals Ltd. VMS property EM, GCHEM, GRAV, LC, PDRILL, SOIL 20000018599 Crescent Lake Area, Ardiden Ltd. Seymour Lake 2018 ASSAY, $1,601,656 51657 Ferland Station Area LCT Pegmatite PDRILL, property ROCK 20000018610 Ashmore Greenstone Gold Hardrock project 2018 ASSAY, $1,454,956 55357 Mines GP Inc. METAL, PERCDH, RCDH 20000018644 Speckled Trout Rapids B. Kuzmich, Melchett Lake 2019 ASSAY, $46,881 58114 Area, Durer Lake Area, Silver Spruce property PROSP, Ogoki Lake Area Resources Inc. ROCK

Table 8. Exploration activity in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020, keyed to Figures 3 and 4.

Abbreviations AEM ...... Airborne electromagnetic survey Interp ...... Interpretation AM ...... Airborne magnetic survey IP ...... Induced polarization survey AQ ...... Acquisition MET ...... Metallurgical testing ASD ...... Assay data MRE ...... Mineral Resource Estimate (NI 43-101) AVTEM ...... Airborne versatile time domain electromagnetic survey NR ...... News release CC ...... Channel cutting Other ...... Other study Comp ...... Compilation Pr ...... Prospecting DD ...... Diamond drilling RCALC ...... Reserve calculation DEV ...... Development-related activities Samp ...... Sampling (other than bulk) DHGEO ...... Down-hole geophysics SOIL ...... Soil sampling ENV ...... Environmental study Str ...... Stripping GL ...... Geological survey / mapping VLF-EM ...... Very low frequency electromagnetic survey

No. Company or Property Commodity Easting Northing Zone NTS Area Township or Area Activity Prospector Name 1 Ardiden Ltd. Kasagiminnis Au 682143 5683084 15 52O08SW Little Ochig Lake DD Area 2 Ardiden Ltd. New Patricia Au 641065 5687450 15 52O07SW Wright Lake Area AQ, AM 3 Ardiden Ltd. South Limb Au 698794 5696064 15 52O08NE Dona Lake Area, AM Kapkichi Lake Area

12 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

No. Company or Property Commodity Easting Northing Zone NTS Area Township or Area Activity Prospector Name 4 Ardiden Ltd. Root Lake Li 590725 5643639 15 52J13NE Root Lake Area GL 5 Argo Gold Inc. Talbot Lake Au 372760 5737920 16 52P15SW Talbot Lake Area AQ 6 Auteco Minerals Pickle Crow Au 704347 5709744 15 52O09SE Connell Township AQ, ASD, Ltd. DD 7 Avalon Lilypad Ta, Cs, Li 414100 5722605 16 52P09NE Opikeigan Lake Area Samp Advanced Materials Inc. 8 Blingold Corp. Greenoaks Au 444900 5517700 16 42E13SW Pifher Township, NR (formerly Alto Elmhirst Township Ventures Ltd.) 9 Blingold Corp. Miner Lake Au 442938 5519297 16 42E/13 Pifher Township NR (formerly Alto Ventures Ltd.) 10 Blingold Corp. Mud Lake Au 450760 5512550 16 42E/13NE Elmhirst Township NR (formerly Alto Ventures Ltd.) 11 Brown, D. Fry–McVean Au 631400 5674250 15 52O03NE Drum Lake Area VLF-EM 12 Cadillac Thierry Mine Cu, Ni, PGE 684000 5708500 15 52O/09SW Ponsford Lake Area NR Ventures Inc. 13 CJP Exploration Kyle #3 Diamonds 580976 5894576 16 43F04NW BMA 532 854 Comp Inc. Kimberlite 14 Copper Lake Marshall Lake Cu, Zn, Ag 458245 5585650 16 42L/05NE Summit Lake Area GL, DD, Resources Ltd. Other, Samp 15 Coulter, J. Pickle Lake Au 695980 5705683 15 52O/08NE Ponsford Township Pr, Samp 16 Cross River McVicar Lake Au 607033 5713429 15 52O11SW McVicar Lake Area AQ Ventures Corp. 17 Cross River Cannon Lake Au 621337 5716822 15 52O11SW/SE Cannon Lake Area, AQ Ventures Corp. McVicar Lake Area 18 Cross River Lang Lake Au 595963 5716781 15 52O12SE Stoughton Lake Area AQ Ventures Corp. 19 Ethos Gold Fuchsite Lake Au 363488 5597286 16 52I10NW, Linklater Lake Area, AQ, AM Corp. 52I07SW Whiddon Lake Area 20 Exiro Minerals New Patricia Au 641065 5687450 15 52O07SW Wright Lake Area Comp Corp. 21 Golden Share Ratte Lake Cu, Zn, Ag, 377824 5599884 16 52I10SE Ratte Lake Area AQ Resources Corp. Au 22 Golden Share Petawanga Cu, Zn, Au, 407045 5695456 16 52P08NW Petawanga Lake AQ Resources Corp. Ag Area 23 Gold’n Futures Hercules Au 453540 5518735 16 42E13SE Elmhirst, Rickaby AQ Mineral Corp. 24 GoldON Slate Falls Au 600851 5671146 15 52O/04NE Wesleyan Lake Area AM, Other Resources Ltd. 25 Goodman, H. Wildgoose Au 476835 5507842 16 42E/11 Colter Township Comp, Pr 26 Greenstone Gold Hardrock Au 504224 5502987 16 42E/10NW Errington and DEV, ENV, Mines GP Inc. Ashmore DD, Pr, Samp 27 Juno Corp. Ring of Fire Cu, Zn, Ag; 522771 5901442 16 43E/07SW BMA 533 863 AEM, Au DHGEO 28 Landore BAM (Junior Au 433910 5581555 16 42L/05 Junior Lake Area DD, RCALC, Resources Ltd. Lake) SOIL 29 Laurion Mineral Ishkoday Au 444306 5511192 16 42L/05 Irwin Township ASD, CC, IP, Exploration Inc. (Sturgeon Interp, DD, River) Samp 30 Metals Creek Dona Lake Au 702321 5699839 15 52O/08 Dona Lake Area ASD, GL, Resources Corp. DD, Pr 31 Newmont Musselwhite Au 678485 5832467 15 53B/09SW Zeemel Lake Area ASD, DEV, Goldcorp Corp. DD 32 Noront Eagle’s Nest Cu, Ni, PGE 547200 5843645 16 43D/09NW BMA 526 862 ASD, MET, Resources Ltd. DD

13 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

No. Company or Property Commodity Easting Northing Zone NTS Area Township or Area Activity Prospector Name 33 Noront McFaulds Lake Cu, Zn, Ag 566476 5854975 16 43D/09NW BMA 526 862 MRE Resources Ltd. VMS 34 Noront Thunderbird Au, Ti, V 557783 5852828 16 43D16SE BMA 527 861 SOIL Resources Ltd. 35 Noront Triple J Au 546500 5842125 16 43D09NW BMA 526 862 SOIL Resources Ltd. 36 Noront Victory Ni 577435 5839167 16 43C12NE BMA 526 854 AQ, Resources Ltd. AVTEM, SOIL 37 Northern Ti-pa-Haa- Au 440412 5813204 16 43D/05NW Wapitotem Lake NR Superior Kaa-Ning Area Resources Inc. (TPK) 38 Riverside Oakes Gold Au 529545 5517126 16 42E/15 Oakes Township Other Resources Inc. project 39 Riverside Longrose Gold Au 423289 5495984 16 52H/09SE Eva Township Comp Resources Inc. project 40 Riverside Pichette Gold Au 449950 5500775 16 42E/12NE Vincent Township Comp Resources Inc. project continued...

Figure 3. Exploration in the Thunder Bay North District (southern portion) for the year 2020 (keyed to Table 8). Bedrock geology from Ontario Geological Survey (2011).

14 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Table 8., continued.

No. Company or Property Commodity Easting Northing Zone NTS Area Township or Area Activity Prospector Name 41 Rock Tech Georgia Lake Li, rare 424636 5477492 16 52H/08NE Kilkenny Township MET Lithium Inc. elements 42 Romios Gold Lundmark– Au 668900 5854000 15 53B/16SE Akow Lake Area AEM, AM Resources Inc. Akow 43 Romios Gold North Caribou Au 628427 5859955 15 53B14SE Randall Lake Area, AQ, AEM, Resources Inc. River Keeyask Lake Area AM 44 Silver Spruce Melchett Lake Cu, Zn, Ag; 503389 5620977 16 42L/10 Durer Lake Area AQ, NR Resources Inc. Au 45 Tombill Mines Tombill Main Au 498364 5503596 16 42E11NE Errington Township NR Ltd. (formerly Group Bluerock Ventures Corp.) 46 Toro Dorado Goodman Gold Au 421843 5503135 16 52H/09NE Dorothea Township Pr, Samp, Str Minerals Inc. property 47 Tri Origin Sky Lake Au 671800 5681400 15 52O/02NE Matapesatakun Bay NR, Comp Exploration Ltd. Area 48 Whitefish Maun Lake Au 502116 5590028 16 42L/07NW Maun Lake Area IP, Pr, Samp, Exploration Inc. Str

Figure 4. Exploration in the Thunder Bay North District (northern portion) for the year 2020 (keyed to Table 8). Bedrock geology from Ontario Geological Survey (2011).

15 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Advanced Projects

There were 2 properties in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020 with Advanced Exploration status as described in Part 7 of the Mining Act: Cadillac Ventures Inc.’s Thierry Mine project at Pickle Lake and Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc.’s Hardrock project in Geraldton.

Cadillac Ventures (www.cadillacventures.com) announced that the earn-in option agreement with Northern Fox Resources Inc. was terminated as the conditions of the agreement were not completed within the appropriate time period (Cadillac Ventures Inc., news release, September 30, 2020). In December, Cadillac Ventures announced that they had entered into a purchase agreement with Braveheart Resources Inc. (www.braveheartresources.com) wherein Braveheart would purchase a 100% interest in the Thierry Mine property (Braveheart Resources Inc., news release, December 23, 2020). Braveheart has commenced work on a Preliminary Economic Assessment for the property and plans to complete it in the first quarter of 2021 (Braveheart Resources Inc., news release, December 24, 2020).

Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. (GGM; www.greenstonegoldmines.com) received Federal Cabinet approval of the Schedule 2 of the Metal and Diamond Mining Effluent Regulations amendment for the Hardrock project at Geraldton, part of the Trans-Canada property (Premier Gold Mines Ltd., news release, July 9, 2020). Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. began the year as a 50/50 joint-venture partnership between Premier Gold Mines Ltd. (www.premiergoldmines.com) and Centerra Gold Inc. (www.centerragold.com) established to develop the Trans-Canada property. In December, Orion Mine Finance Group (www.orionresourcepartners.com/orion-mine-finance) entered into an agreement to acquire Centerra’s 50% interest in the Greenstone Gold Mines Partnership (Premier Gold Mines Ltd., news release, December 15, 2020) and Equinox Gold Corp. (www.equinoxgold.com) agreed to acquire Premier Gold Mines’ 50% interest of the Trans-Canada property (see Figure 3: property 25) (Premier Gold Mines Ltd., news release, December 16, 2020).

In December, Premier announced the results of an updated feasibility study for the Hardrock project. The update is based on a revised mineral reserve, life of mine plan, advances in detailed engineering reflecting firm price bids for all major equipment including the processing plant, mobile fleet, power plant, and the water and sewage treatment plants. The project update plans for the construction of a 27 000 tonnes per day processing facility and open-pit mining operation with production over a 14-year mine life. Gold production during the first 5 years is expected to average 414 000 ounces per year with an average head grade of 1.45 g/t Au. The total after-tax cash flow over the project life is estimated to be $2 089 million, providing an after-tax net present value at a discount rate of 5% is estimated to be $1 050 million. The payback period is 3.2 years from the commencement of commercial operations resulting in an after-tax internal rate of return of 20.1%. The updated mineral reserves and resources for the property (Premier Gold Mines Ltd., news release, December 16, 2020; Gignac et al. 2021) are provided as follows:

Area Category Tonnage Gold Grade Contained Gold (t) (g/t Au) (ounces) Hardrock Mineral Reserve Estimate Hardrock Open Pit (>0.35 g/t Au) Proven 5 620 000 1.28 232 000 Probable 129 700 000 1.27 5 307 000 Greenstone Gold Property Mineral Resources Hardrock Open Pit (>0.3 g/t Au) Indicated 5 970 000 1.21 231 000 Inferred 360 000 1.14 13 000 Hardrock Underground (>2 g/t Au) Indicated 9 790 000 3.93 1 237 000 Inferred 24 590 000 3.87 3 059 000 continued... *Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves. No mineral reserves are quoted for the Brookbank, Kailey or Key Lake deposits.

16 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Area Category Tonnage Gold Grade Contained Gold (t) (g/t Au) (ounces) ...continued Brookbank Open Pit (>0.6 g/t Au) Indicated 1 150 000 2.24 83 000 Inferred 5000 2.07 3000 Brookbank Underground (>2.4 g/t Au) Indicated 2 280 000 7.06 517 000 Inferred 710 000 3.38 77 000 Kailey Open Pit (>0.4 g/t Au) Indicated 11 280 000 0.96 348 000 Inferred 4 860 000 0.87 136 000 Key Lake Open Pit (>0.4 g/t Au) Indicated 3 760 000 1.16 141 000 Inferred 1 840 000 1.39 82 000 *Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves. No mineral reserves are quoted for the Brookbank, Kailey or Key Lake deposits.

Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. also continued advancement of detailed engineering work for key infrastructure items, permitting, continued implementation of indigenous agreements, water management modelling and renewed exploration testing several targets outside of the Hardrock deposit. The Greenstone Gold environmental team resumed monitoring activities in September 2020, as well as care and maintenance of the Hardrock site (Premier Gold Mines Ltd., news release, November 4, 2020). This fall, the company started a 12 000 m drill program at Hardrock. The Greenstone Gold exploration team has also started an early stage prospecting and sampling program at the Brookbank property, with the goal of developing exploration targets for potential follow-up next year (Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc., Hardrock Herald, Issue 23, Q2/Q3 2020).

Exploration Projects

Alto Ventures Ltd. (www.altoventures.com) announced a merger with Empress Resources Corp. and renamed the company Big Ridge Gold Corp. (www.bigridgegold.com). Big Ridge has signed a memorandum of understanding with Blingold Corp. wherein Blingold may earn a 100% interest in the Greenoaks, Mud Lake and Miner Lake properties in the Beardmore–Geraldton gold camp.

Ardiden Ltd. (www.ardiden.com.au) was active on the Kasagiminnis, New Patricia and South Limb properties that comprise the Pickle Lake gold project. During the 2020 drill program on the Kasagiminnis property, 15 holes were drilled from 5 pads for a total of 3117 m. The program targeted the central and western portions of the property (Figure 5). The intent of the program was to extend the high-grade gold mineralization along strike to the west (Ardiden Ltd., news releases, November 6, December 16, 2020). Highlights of the program are provided as follows:

Drill-Hole ID Gold Length (g/t Au) (m) KAS20-01 7.7 1 KAS20-02 4.23 6 Including 9.63 2 KAS20-03 4.23 6.5 Including 8.43 0.7 KAS20-05 3.72 1.3 KAS20-09 1.68 1

The company also completed a geochemical sampling program over known areas of gold mineralization. The results will be examined to evaluate whether larger regional geochemical programs testing for pathfinder elements over under-explored areas are likely to be effective across the company’s Pickle Lake gold project landholdings (Ardiden Ltd., news release, November 20, 2020).

17 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Figure 5. Locations of Ardiden Ltd.’s 2020 Phase 1 summer and planned 2020–2021 Phase 2 winter drill programs on the Kasagiminnis property (from Ardiden Ltd., www.ardiden.com.au/project/kasagiminnis-gold-deposit [accessed January 18, 2021]).

Ardiden completed a drone-mounted magnetometer geophysical survey at the South Limb property targeting 2 high-priority drill target areas in a fold nose near the historical drill-hole DH172-007 with reported interval of 7.8 g/t Au over 0.5 m at 8 m depth. At the first target area (west block), 73 km of flight lines were completed showing improved structure and lithology resolution, which will greatly assist drill rig positioning during the upcoming drill program. At the second target area (east block) directly south of the Dona Lake gold mine, an intense magnetic field disrupted “drone” navigation and instrumentation causing this area to be abandoned. The proximity to a known gold deposit makes this a high priority target for drill testing, which is planned to commence in January 2021. Ardiden has designed a five-hole, 1000 m diamond-drill program at South Limb to test mineralization within the iron formation units extending south from the Dona Lake gold mine (Ardiden Ltd., news releases, November 20, December 16, 2020). Ardiden signed an earn-in agreement with Exiro Minerals Corp. over the New Patricia property at the Pickle Lake gold project, more than doubling Ardiden’s ground position in the area (Ardiden Ltd., news release, January 6, 2020). In September, Ardiden conducted an airborne geophysical survey. A preliminary review of raw data from the survey over the New Patricia property has revealed multiple large-scale structural targets. The Esker gold prospect is the most obvious large-scale structure in within the New Patricia area and is directly along strike of the past-producing Golden Patricia gold mine. Plans are being developed for a drill program on the Esker prospect in the winter of 2021 (Ardiden Ltd., news releases, September 8, October 13, December 16, 2020). Ardiden conducted a field mapping program at its Root Lake lithium prospect. There are multiple outcropping spodumene-bearing pegmatites. The mapping program was conducted over the McCombe and Morrison showings to verify the extent of the outcropping pegmatites and the historical trenching at Morrison (Ardiden Ltd., December 2020 quarterly activities report, January 29, 2021).

Argo Gold Inc. (www.argogold.ca) has entered into an agreement with Denison Mines Inc., by which Argo can acquire a 100% interest in the 760 ha Talbot Lake project, east of Pickle Lake in the Fort Hope greenstone belt. Argo also registered an additional 399 claim units for a total of 7982 ha covering the geological strike extension of the Talbot Lake gold project (Argo Gold Inc., news release, June 11, 2020).

18 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Auteco Minerals Ltd. (www.autecominerals.com.au) signed an earn-in agreement with First Mining Gold Corp. whereby Auteco may earn up to an 80% interest in First Mining’s wholly-owned subsidiary, PC Gold Inc., which owns the Pickle Crow gold project (Auteco Minerals Ltd., news release, March 12, 2020). Auteco has drilled 58 holes, totalling 12 927 m, as of December 31, 2020, with drilling continuing into 2021 (Figure 6). Some assay highlights from the 2020 drill program are (Auteco Minerals Ltd., news releases, September 1, November 11, 2020) provided as follows:

Drill-Hole ID Gold Length (g/t Au) (m) AUDD0001 3.35 3.05 AUDD0013 25.8 1.6 Including 65.2 0.6 AUDD0017 99.4 0.6 Including 181.0 0.3 AUDD0019 19.6 1.6 AUDD0039 19.3 1 AUDD034A 8.23 3.6 The company released its first inferred resource estimate in June and updated it in September, with further drilling and exploration planned for 2021. The updated resource estimate is summarized:

Deposit Category Tonnage Gold Grade Contained Gold Cut-off grade (g/t Au) (ounces gold) (g/t Au) Pickle Crow Inferred 2 800 000 11.3 1 000 000 3.5

Figure 6. Plan view of Pickle Crow mineralized trend highlighting location and results of reconnaissance drilling done in 2020 by Auteco Minerals Ltd. (from Auteco Minerals Ltd., news release, November 11, 2020).

19 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Avalon Advanced Materials Inc. (www.avalonadvancedmaterials.com) reactivated its Lilypad cesium- tantalum-lithium project because of increasing cesium demand. The property consists of 14 claims covering 3108 ha located approximately 350 km north of Thunder Bay, near the community of Fort Hope. Avalon’s work in 2020 involved a short field program to collect 200 kg of mineralized pegmatite rock, mostly from the Pollucite dike occurrence for metallurgical and mineralogical studies on how to efficiently concentrate the pollucite mineralization (Avalon Advanced Materials Inc., news release, October 14, 2020). Prospector D. Brown conducted a ground VLF–EM survey on the Fry–McVean project, located approximately 70 km southwest of Pickle Lake in the Drum Lake Area. Gold mineralization in this survey area is associated with the Fry–McVean shear zone, which extends approximately 30 km. An iron- carbonate and intensely sheared second-order deformation zone, called Linjog Lake–unnamed lake shear zone crosses the survey area. The structure is estimated to have a 6.5 km strike length and be approximately 200 to 500 m wide, running subparallel to the regional Fry–McVean shear zone. Two subparallel Riedel faults or shear zones are interpreted within the Linjog Lake–unnamed lake shear zone based on VLF–EM conductors. The Linjog Lake–unnamed lake shear zone sits within a mafic volcanic host rock. The structure displays modest silicification and hydrothermal carbonatization with finely disseminated pyrite (1 to 4%). The area has little outcrop exposure, with much of the area of interest being covered by lakes, making geophysical exploration a useful tool (Brown 2020).

Canadian Orebodies Inc. (www.hemloexplorers.ca) changed its name to Hemlo Explorers Inc. effective May 20, 2020. The company is now trading on the TSX Venture Exchange under the new ticker symbol “HMLO”. The company holds a 100% interest in the Crescent Lake project, which comprises 48 mining claim cells, covering lithium-bearing pegmatites.

CJP Exploration Inc. integrated 2 airborne magnetometer surveys from 2008 and 2011 along with drill logs from the 2000–2001 drill program to create a geological model for the Kyle #3 Kimberlite (Ploeger 2020).

Copper Lake Resources Ltd. (www.copperlakeresources.com) completed spectral analysis surveys over the Marshall Lake project and surrounding area, identifying several new copper-zinc targets. The spectral analysis survey took the long wave infrared data from the Terra satellite and digitally removed water, vegetation, cloud cover and overburden. The survey identified the intensity and distribution of a suite of 16 minerals relevant to identifying volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization containing copper, zinc, silver and gold. The intensity and abundance of these 16 minerals were mapped over approximately 700 km2 of the Marshall Lake project and environs. Eight areas were identified as anomalies in the “Copper Discovery Group”. The “Copper-Zinc discovery group” identified 6 anomalous

Figure 7. Map of Copper-Zinc discovery group anomalous areas on Copper Lake Resources’ Marshall Lake property (from Copper Lake Resources Ltd., news release, July 7, 2020 (news release contains a link to image) [accessed January 22, 2021]).

20 T.K. Pettigrew et al. areas (Figure 7; Copper Lake Resources Ltd., news release, July 7, 2020). Copper Lake carried out a field program, including detailed geological mapping and sampling in the area of the Billiton main zone and commenced a four-hole (1220 m) drill program to test the depth extensions of the main zone (Copper Lake Resources Ltd., news releases, August 19, September 29, 2020).

Cross River Ventures Corp. (www.crossriverventures.com) acquired the McVicar Lake gold project from Argo Gold Inc. The 2304 ha gold property is located in the Patricia Mining Division, approximately 150 km east of Red Lake and 80 km west of Pickle Lake. The acquisition consolidates the company’s land position within the Lang Lake greenstone belt to over 3900 ha. The company has carried out a district-wide structural interpretation of all previous industry and government data sets (Cross River Ventures Corp., news release, November 12, 2020). Cross River Ventures has entered into an agreement to acquire all of the outstanding share capital of Northern Dominion Metals Corp. and, through this, the rights to acquire interests in a series of gold exploration projects, including the Cannon Lake target and the Lang Lake claim block (Cross River Ventures Corp., news release, November 6, 2020).

Ethos Gold Corp. (www.ethosgold.com) registered the Fuchsite Lake property claim block, which comprises 3750 ha located 20 km north of the town of Armstrong in the Caribou Lake greenstone belt (Ethos Gold Corp., news release, August 5, 2020). Ethos also entered into an option agreement with Cross River Ventures Corp. to co-operate in the development of the Fuchsite Lake gold project. A high- resolution airborne magnetic survey was completed at the project in October 2020. The survey defined and extended a structural zone associated with the Lette prospect, where anomalous gold, copper, zinc and lead have been reported from quartz-carbonate breccia zones or fault zones. Additional structures have also been identified across the property, including the newly identified D’Alton Lake shear zone. This northeast-trending zone separates 2 distinct magnetic domains, both underlain by mafic volcanic rocks. Several historical sulphide zones are reported along this trend that are accompanied by highly strained and sheared mafic and ultramafic rocks (Ethos Gold Corp., news release, October 15, 2020). Ethos Gold also entered into an earn-in agreement for the Campbell Lake gold project where they are completing a high-resolution airborne magnetic survey and acquiring detailed satellite imagery (Ethos Gold Corp., news release, October 7, 2020).

Golden Share Resources Corp. (www.goldenshare.ca) registered a 308 ha claim block comprising 15 single cell mining claims in the Ratte Lake area of northwestern Ontario, approximately 35 km northeast of Armstrong. The property lies in the north central portion of the Caribou Lake greenstone belt. Planned work includes testing of the historical conductors 16 and 17 identified by New Jersey Zinc for VMS potential in 1981. Initial work will include grid line cutting and ground HLEM and magnetometer surveys to confirm the location of the conductors identified by New Jersey Zinc. Geological mapping and prospecting will also be conducted. Additional MMI sampling, surface trenching and follow-up diamond- drill testing of the New Jersey Zinc conductors will be completed based on the results of the geological and geophysical surveys (Golden Shares Resources Corp., news release, September 21, 2020). Golden Share also acquired the Petawanga project, located in the southwestern portion of the Fort Hope greenstone belt. The property consists of a 5440 ha claim block comprising 270 single-cell mining claims in the Petawanga Lake area of northwestern Ontario. The project area has seen intermittent historical exploration by several operators for VMS-style mineralization. Eight historical base metal sulphide occurrences, referred to as the Discovery (“Disco”) Lake occurrences, have been identified in the project area. Four of the occurrences lie on project claims, whereas the other 4 lie on internal third-party claims. Golden Share intends to compile historical exploration works and continue VMS exploration potential. Initial field work will include a VTEM and magnetic survey that will be used to guide follow-up groundwork at the known occurrences and along strike on relatively untested alteration and geophysical targets (Golden Shares Resources Corp., news release, October 26, 2020).

21 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Gold’n Futures Mineral Corp. (www.goldnfuturesmineralcorp.com) signed an option agreement with Argonaut Gold Inc. (www.argonautgold.com) to acquire up to 90% of the Hercules gold project in Elmhirst and Rickaby townships, 50 km west of Geraldton. There are more than 30 gold-bearing quartz vein and stockwork zones on the property within the Elmhirst Lake intrusive complex. The most significant zone is the Golden Mile, which has a strike length in excess of 1.6 km and averages 20.2 g/t Au over 4.0 m true thickness over a 400 m length. Grab samples have returned up to 10 374 g/t Au, and channel samples returned up to 32.96 g/t Au over 11.55 m. In 2010, Kodiak Exploration Ltd. released a mineral resource estimate on the property and is summarized as follows (Gold’n Futures Mineral Corp., news release, October 26, 2020):

Zone Category Tonnage Gold Grade Contained Gold Gold (g/t Au) Contained Gold Uncapped (oz Au) Capped (oz Au) (g/t Au) @ 60 g/t Au Golden Mile & WLGZ Indicated 231 800 14.95 111 450 7.64 56 970 Golden Mile, WLGZ, Inferred 761 300 4.13 101 050 3.04 74 380 Lucky Strike, Marino, 7 of 9

GoldON Resources Ltd. (www.goldonresources.com) announced the results of the 2019 drill program at its Slate Falls property, which consisted of 1006.5 m over 9 drill holes testing targets at the Trail zone and the Sanderson Main, East and North zones. All drill holes intersected and extended mineralization at depth from surface. The drilling also intersected new zones of mineralized quartz veins in sheared mafic metavolcanic rocks that were previously undetected. Some highlights include Trail zone drill-hole SF-19-01 with 5.13 g/t Au and 38.0 g/t Ag over 1.02 m, and Sanderson Main drill-hole SF-19-05 with 0.694 g/t Au and 24.8 g/t Ag over 1.10 m (GoldON Resources Ltd., news release, February 25, 2020). GoldON contracted

Figure 8. Historical sample assay and 2019 drill-hole locations showing key intercepts, overlying an image from the 2020 total field magnetic survey on the GoldON Resources Ltd. Slate Falls property (from GoldON Resources Ltd., https://goldonresources.com/index.php/projects/slate-falls-property [accessed January 18, 2021]).

22 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Prospectair Geosurveys to conduct a helicopter-borne high-resolution magnetometer survey that included 50 m flight line spacings for a total of 1563 line-kilometres to cover the entire the Slate Falls property (GoldON Resources Ltd., news release, April 30, 2020). Orix Geoscience has completed a structural study incorporating the 2020 magnetic survey data with all known lithological and mineralogical information and structural measurements, giving a better understanding of the geological and structural framework of the property (Figure 8). Many important mineralized zones are in, or are proximal to, either major early D2 generally dextral east shear zones or splays. Similarly, the intersection of late D3 north-northeast- striking structures with early D2 east structures appears to control the mineralized zones structurally by creating or enhancing dilatational sites. Areas along the strike of the major shear zones, as well as fault intersections, are key potential target areas for future exploration. The results of the Orix study are being incorporated into an independent Technical Report that is being prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 (GoldON Resources Ltd., news release, August 13, 2020).

Jiminex Inc. entered into a purchase agreement to sell the Misehkow gold property to an arm’s length third-party individual (Jiminex Inc., news release, August 20, 2020).

Landore Resources Ltd. (www.landore.com) continued with exploration- and development-related activities throughout 2020 on the Junior Lake property, 235 km north-northeast of Thunder Bay. Landore released an updated mineral resource estimate for the BAM gold deposit early in 2020. The new, JORC– compliant resource estimate was generated from 207 diamond-drill holes (37 540 m) of the available 251 diamond-drill holes (45 686 m) that have been completed to date on the BAM gold deposit (Landore Resources Ltd., news release, January 7, 2020). The updated resource estimate is summarized as follows:

Deposit Category Tonnage Gold Grade Contained Gold Cut-off grade (g/t Au) (ounces gold) (g/t Au) BAM Indicated 21 930 000 1.06 747 000 0.3 Inferred 9 153 000 0.91 268 000 0.3 Landore’s geological team carried out an infill soil-till sampling program in July 2020. The program covered 2400 m from the western extent of the BAM deposit and was intended to confirm drill targets identified in the 2019 soil-till sampling program. A total of 455 samples have been submitted for analysis with results received by the company late in 2020. An additional soil-till sampling program has commenced on the highly prospective area covering 2 km to the east of the BAM gold deposit (Landore Resources Ltd., news release, September 1, 2020). The autumn-winter drilling program on the BAM gold deposit began in October 2020. The company plans to complete 14 000 m by the end of March 2021; 2 drills are being used to complete the program consisting of the following: • 7500 m for infill drilling of the inferred portion of the resource both within and surrounding the indicated resource and to further extend the resource to the west and east • 3000 m to test for depth potential of high-grade zones beneath both the west and east pit shells • 3500 m for exploration target definition in the highly prospective zones identified by soil-till sampling 2300 m to the west and 2000 m to the east of the existing resource

To date, 15 drill holes, totalling 3620 m, have been completed, with all holes intersecting prospective mineralized zones associated with the BAM deposit: assay results are pending. The drill program is expected to be completed in April 2021. At the conclusion of the 2020–2021 drilling campaign, an updated resource estimate and Preliminary Economic Assessment will be prepared on the BAM deposit (Landore Resources Ltd., news releases, October 19, December 3, 2020).

23 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc. (www.laurion.ca) completed an induced polarization geophysical survey over the A-zone and Sturgeon-Brenbar areas of the company’s Ishkoday property. The survey identified several large, northeast-trending anomalies, many of which are coincident with known gold mineralization in the A-zone (Figure 9). These results were used to aid in targeting during the 2020 drill program (Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc., news release, June 11, 2020). Laurion carried out 2 drilling programs on its property in 2020. Phase 1 involved 21 drill holes, totalling 4975 m. The first 14 drill holes (LBX20-001 to -014) focussed on testing historic intercepts and the validity of a new structural model previously reported for the A-zone of the Loki trend. Preliminary results show 6 steeply dipping gold- bearing panels at depth that are offset by a southeast-dipping shear zone. In drill-hole LBX20-014, a wide low-grade zinc zone was intersected in a fragmental volcaniclastic rock with banded magnetite and disseminated pyrite (Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc., news release, July 15, 2020). The next 7 drill holes (LBX20-015 to -021) of the Phase 1 drill program tested the McLeod zone, located 700 m along strike

Figure 9. Mineralized contact superimposed on an image of the chargeable induced polarization survey, showing locations of the A- and McLeod zones, with locations of the 2020 Phase 1 drill program on the Ishkoday property, Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc. (modified from Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc., Corporate Presentation, March 2021, http://laurion.org | Investors Information | Presentation and Factsheet [accessed March 31, 2021]).

24 T.K. Pettigrew et al. to the southwest of the A-zone. Some highlights of the 2020 drill program (Laurion Minerals Exploration Inc., news releases, May 19, May 29, June 24, July 15, July 28, 2020) are provided as follows:

Drill-Hole ID Zone Gold (g/t Au) Silver (g/t Ag) Copper (wt % Cu) Zinc (wt % Zn) Length (m) LBX20-001 A 0.76 9.44 0.14 2.12 13.3 LBX20-002 A 3.22 0.72 0.02 0.14 10.34 Including 28.0 3.20 0.02 0.47 1.10 LBX20-003 A 0.58 6.1 1.92 63.9 Including 1.12 16.61 5.0 16.16 LBX20-005 A 5.93 97 0.18 8.42 1.4 LBX20-009 A 3.77 30.1 10.1 0.5 LBX20-010 A 15.6 73 14.5 0.7 LBX20-011 A 6.26 5.1 0.75 LBX20-015 McLeod 19.5 1.5 LBX20-016 McLeod 4.65 11.6 1.97 0.6 LBX20-017 McLeod 34.7 1.5 LBX20-018 McLeod 6.81 9.3 1.29 0.53 LBX20-021 McLeod 5.95 29.6 0.49 LBX20-021 McLeod 6.98 15.2 1.93 0.57 LBX20-021 McLeod 0.89 4.0 1.04 14.08 Including 2.10 6.9 1.44 0.5 And 3.27 11.3 6.04 0.5 And 3.26 10.1 2.45 0.73 The CRK zone hosts both polymetallic (gold-silver-copper-zinc) mineralization and gold-bearing quartz veins, as well as north-trending polymetallic mineralization. In areas where these mineralized orientations converge, the grade and width of mineralization increase. The Joe vein is a north-striking and subvertical polymetallic vein that was extended and deformed during the emplacement of subsequent gold-bearing quartz veins. Surface mapping of the Joe vein suggests that it originated as a polymetallic vein that was subsequently deformed into a shear zone and enriched in gold and silver. Channel sampling shows a zoned structure with high-grade gold and silver in the centre and a lower grade gold-silver margin. Zinc and copper mineralization show a similar trend, but the base metal zonation is wider. Significant channel sample assay results (Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc., news release, October 13, 2020) are provided as follows:

Sample ID Length (cm) Azimuth (°) Gold (g/t Au) Silver (g/t Ag) Copper (wt % Cu) Zinc (wt % Zn) 2.91 m @ 0.68 g/t Au, 4.59 g/t Ag, 1.82% Zn B617039 92 289 0.22 0.25 0.0 0.49 B617040 43 289 1.88 1.10 0.0 0.04 B617041 82 289 0.39 1.90 0.02 0.60 B617042 40 289 1.44 21.4 0.38 7.79 B617043 34 289 0.17 7.5 0.12 3.56 4.25 m @ 5.98 g/t Au, 9.93 g/t Ag, 2.84% Zn B617046 29 309 0.06 2.7 0.01 0.83 B617047 48 309 0.1 3.4 0.03 2.84 B617048 58 309 0.73 8.6 0.04 1.54 B617049 39 309 0.31 6.2 0.13 3.11 B617051 61 309 0.35 7.6 0.1 7.86 B617052 99 309 24.4 22.3 0.13 2.37 B617053 47 309 0.76 7.1 0.1 2.23 B617054 44 309 0.13 5.3 0.14 0.36 1.51 m @ 2.58 g/t Au, 21.2 g/t Ag, 7.18% Zn B617058 62 287 0.02 0.25 0.0 0.11 B617059 62 287 0.05 3.4 0.03 1.29 B617060 51 287 1.23 38.3 0.3 11.95 B617061 38 287 8.54 27.3 0.28 10.4

25 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

There were 10 holes, totalling 2962 m, drilled in the Phase 2 drill program targeting the CRK zone. Highlights of the drill program (Laurion Mineral Exploration Inc., news releases, December 1, December 15, 2020) are provided as follows:

Drill-Hole ID Zone Gold Silver Copper Zinc Length (g/t Au) (g/t Ag) (wt % Cu) (wt % Zn) (m) LME20-022 CRK 0.10 7.56 0.15 2.40 1.69 LME20-023 CRK 0.13 6.70 0.18 3.46 0.50 LME20-024 CRK 2.75 17.7 1.28 0.26 2.0 LME20-025 CRK 10.98 3.07 0.08 0.24 14.25 Including 152 31.80 0.02 0.02 1.0 And 3.90 0.83 0.01 0.03 1.0 LME20-026 CRK 19.94 2.03 0.00 0.01 2.50 Including 98.5 8.3 0.00 0.01 0.5 LME20-026 CRK 0.46 2.73 0.09 1.23 7.6 Including 2.87 5.54 1.0 LME20-028 CRK 5.61 10.50 0.05 0.59 0.5 LME20-029 CRK 1.56 4.90 0.10 3.98 1.12

Metals Creek Resources Corp. (www.metalscreek.com) carried out prospecting and geological mapping on its Dona Lake gold project, followed by a drill program. A total of 1411 m were drilled in 3 drill holes: 2 shallow holes to test the Main zone and B zone and 1 deep hole to confirm the continuation of gold mineralization below the lowermost level of the mine (455 level; Figure 10). Drill-hole DL20-001 was collared to test the continuation of gold mineralization south of the Dona Lake Mine at 121 m level below surface. Mineralization consisted of 1 to 2% disseminated pyrrhotite with associated strong silicification and quartz veining. Drill-hole DL20-002 also tested the continuation of gold mineralization

Figure 10. Metals Creek Resources Corp. Dona Lake Mine three-dimensional (3-D) model showing the 2020 drilling program penetrating the Main and B zones (from Metals Creek Resources Corp., Corporate Presentation, www.metalscreek.com | Investors | Corporate Presentation [accessed January 28, 2021]).

26 T.K. Pettigrew et al. immediately south of Dona Lake Mine workings at approximately 220 m below surface. The Main zone was a part of a broader zone of mineralization returning a core length intercept of 5.67 g/t Au over 5.15 m (254.85–260.00 m). Mineralization is hosted within silicate-sulphide iron formation and characterized by stringer to semi-massive pyrrhotite ranging from 3 to 40% with local pyrite and magnetite. Alteration includes strong silicification with associated quartz veining and locally moderate to strong grünerite, garnet and biotite in conjunction with strong folding. Drill-hole DL20-003 was designed to test for the continuation of gold mineralization below the lowermost level of the Dona Lake Mine (455 level). This drill-hole penetrated the Main zone at approximately 500 m below surface. Highlights of the drill program (Metals Creek Resources Corp., news releases, June 19, September 8, September 15, October 2, 2020) are provided. The company began a second diamond-drilling program in November 2020 with a minimum 2500 m planned, but results were not available at the time of publication (Metals Creek Resources Corp., news release, November 18, 2020).

Drill-Hole ID Zone Gold Length Depth From Depth To (g/t Au) (m) (m) (m) DL20-001 Main 4.53 1 139.00 140.00 DL20-002 Main 8.45 3.15 254.85 259.00 DL20-003 Main 8.07 7.0 531.6 538.6 Including 17.6 1.0 532.45 533.45

Noront Resources Ltd. (www.norontresources.com) released an updated resource estimate for the Nikka deposit on the McFaulds VMS property. The No.8 lens was discovered in 2017. Between 2017 and 2019 (Figure 11), 14 drill holes, totalling 7714 m, were drilled in the vicinity of the lens leading to its addition to the resource estimate for the property. The details of the new and updated resource estimate (Noront Resources Ltd., news release, May 11, 2020; Aubut 2020) are provided as follows:

Sulphide Lens Category Tonnes Copper Zinc Silver Gold Equivalent (% Cu) (% Zn) (g/t Ag) (g/t Au) Copper (% CuEq) No.3 Indicated 850 000 2.92 1.67 8.33 0.31 3.71 Total Indicated 850 000 2.92 1.67 8.33 0.31 3.71

No.3 Inferred 500 000 2.5 2.1 7.3 0.3 3.5 No.8 main Inferred 1 800 000 1.8 1.8 5.3 0.2 2.6 No.8 footwall Inferred 1 100 000 2.8 0.04 6.5 0.2 2.9 No.1 Inferred 600 000 1.1 2.5 5.1 0.1 2.2 Total Inferred 4 000 000 2.1 1.4 5.8 0.2 2.7

In early 2020, Noront conducted a metallurgical drilling program to collect additional sample material from the Eagle’s Nest deposit for future variability testing. Four drill holes, totalling 642 m, were drilled: 2 holes into the upper domain and 2 wedge holes into the lower domain. The upper domain drill holes were continuously assayed to better inform the resource model. The lower domain drill holes were only sporadically assayed to preserve sufficient material for future metallurgical testing. Highlights from the drill program are provided as follows:

Drill-Hole ID From To Width Nickel Copper Cobalt Platinum Palladium Gold Silver (m) (m) (m) (% Ni) (% Cu) (% Co) (ppm Pt) (ppm Pd) (ppm Au) (ppm Ag) NOT-20-001 44.00 143.35 99.35 4.06 1.91 0.09 0.99 5.67 0.22 5.22 Including 44.00 57.50 13.50 0.56 0.45 0.02 0.64 1.83 0.18 2.53 Including 57.50 107.3 49.80 2.01 0.82 0.05 1.10 3.29 0.14 3.19 Including 107.30 143.35 36.05 8.20 3.97 0.17 0.98 10.39 0.34 9.04 NOT-20-002 35.00 86.00 51.00 1.89 0.84 0.05 1.19 3.48 0.36 3.38 Including 35.00 60.50 25.50 0.60 0.48 0.02 0.69 1.89 0.18 2.19 Including 60.5 86.00 25.50 3.18 1.21 0.08 1.70 5.07 0.54 4.57

27 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

The 2020 mineralogical and metallurgical work was commissioned to verify that marketable, separate nickel and copper concentrates could be prepared with representative sulphide samples from the deposit. Metallurgical testing, conducted by Expert Process Solutions (XPS), demonstrated very good overall metallurgical performance of the ore with strong indications of the production of high-quality copper and nickel concentrates. Locked cycle tests on a representative sample produced a bulk concentrate followed by separate nickel and copper concentrates with results (Noront Resources Ltd., news release, December 2, 2020) provided as follows:

Concentrate Bulk Copper Nickel Amount 1185 g 201 g 984 g Bulk Concentrate Mass (portion) 16.9% 83.1% Cu (%) 5.5 28.7 0.8 Ni (%) 9.9 1.5 11.6 Co (%) 0.285 0.045 0.334 Fe (%) 39.5 30.5 41.3 S (%) 31.1 32 31 MgO (%) 4.2 2.6 4.5

SiO2 (%) 5.5 3.35 5.9 Ag (ppm) 11 36.8 5.7 Au (ppm) 0.64 3.03 0.15 Pd (ppm) 17.8 24.8 16.3 Pt (ppm) 4 5.6 3.7

Figure 11. Three-dimensional (3-D) view of the Noront Resources Ltd. Nikka deposit block model showing the No.3, No.8 main and No.8 footwall sulphide zones (from Noront Resources Ltd., news release, May 11, 2020).

28 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Soil sampling was carried out at the Thunderbird fault zone. Noront considers the results of the survey to be very encouraging, with 84% of the samples collected along the length of the Thunderbird fault zone returning anomalous gold response ratios, whereas on the cross-line only 21% of the samples returned anomalous response ratios. The company plans to follow up these results with additional soil sampling, ground geophysics and drilling in areas of highest priority (Noront Resources Ltd., news release, October 16, 2020). Broadly spaced soil sampling over the Webequie shear zone grid was performed at 100 m spaced centres on 500 m spaced lines, with tighter sampling at the Triple-J occurrence. Initial results show a distinct gold soil anomaly over the Triple-J zone and in proximity to the known Triple-J south and AT4 gold occurrences. Beyond the Triple-J anomaly, gold anomalies have been identified along a significant splay fault of the Webequie shear zone, herein referred to as the north Webequie splay, which has never been tested for gold mineralization. Additional single- and multi-station soil anomalies occur throughout the survey area and are being examined in light of the evolving structural understanding of the area. The company is planning follow-up work on these targets including infill soil sampling, ground geophysics and drilling of priority targets (Noront Resources Ltd., news release, October 16, 2020). Noront recently contracted Geotech Ltd. to fly a 543 line-kilometres VTEM survey over its recently staked Victory nickel property, in addition to carrying out a summer soil sampling program. Preliminary survey results show indications of conductive bedrock in the footwall and internal to the main magnetic target measuring over 3 km in strike by up to 1.3 km in thickness. The company is currently awaiting delivery of the final data results that will be modelled and interpreted in light of the geological target at Victory (Noront Resources Ltd., news release, October 16, 2020).

Riverside Resources Inc. (www.rivres.com) completed induced polarization (IP) inversion studies at the Oakes project that have defined 3 strong gold targets expanding upon previous data compilation. Present work has included reprocessing of the geophysics and integrating drill data from historical work that included 2 drill campaigns, VLF, magnetic and IP geophysics, in addition to a soil chemistry survey and trenching. This compilation has been used to define high-potential, near-surface drill targets that could be tested. An IP survey conducted in 2010, in conjunction with a trenching program, identified 3 mineralized shears coincident with VLF geophysical anomalies. These shears have recently been defined through Riverside's inversion modelling and GIS data integration creating a new target model. The new inversion geophysical model demonstrates the potential continuity of the trend, which also corresponds to the earlier VLF survey showing a 900 m long chargeability anomaly, aligning with Riverside’s 2019 surface rock sampling that returned 19.7 g/t Au, 31.9 g/t Au and 6.9 g/t Au (Riverside Resources Inc., news release, February 27, 2020). New work by Riverside at the Longrose project builds upon the 2019 summer field work season combining the surface geochemistry with structural geology tracing out the known mineralized structures. At Longrose and elsewhere, the interbeds of banded iron formation provide a reductant trap for ore fluids and gold in structures cutting the banded iron formation. Riverside’s mapping at Longrose has now been compiled and integrated into GIS, which shows that folding is a key control. Mineralization on surface is delineated through mapping of isolated locations and tracing through past drilling in the area along with alteration associated with high-strain fold zones. These fold zones show silicification within the metasedimentary rock host similar to that found at the Leitch Mine (Riverside Resources Inc., news release, February 27, 2020). Work by Riverside refined 2 previously identified areas of mineralization at the Pichette project, in addition to several new mineralized exposures. Mineralization at Pichette is noted within and along the contact with metasedimentary rocks and also associated with banded iron formation. There are 2 predominant target orientations on the project: 1) east-west shears commonly related to banded iron formation and contact zones; and 2) crosscutting faults and/or dikes that strike at 030° northeast. There are several 3 m wide shear zones defined by strongly foliated (phyllitic) material that does not appear to

29 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020 have been subject to past exploration. At Pichette, as at Longrose and the Hardrock deposit in Geraldton to the east, gold is typically associated with larger folds. Folds at Pichette plunge gently to the west similar to mineralization in Geraldton (Riverside Resources Inc., news release, February 27, 2020).

Rock Tech Lithium Inc. (www.rocktechlithium.com) conducted a metallurgical study on samples from the Main zone of the Georgia Lake lithium project. The program produced a 6.0% Li2O spodumene concentrate at 60.9% recovery. Over 80% flotation recovery was achieved on low-grade ore (0.88% Li2O), which exceeded PEA assumptions (Rock Tech Lithium Inc., news releases, July 13, September 22, 2020). Rock Tech is envisaging a lithium hydroxide converter with approximately half of the spodumene coming from Georgia Lake. The company states they remain committed to advance the project toward the Pre-Feasibility stage, followed by a Feasibility Study (Rock Tech Lithium Inc., news release, July 23, 2020). The company has engaged Environmental Applications Group Inc. to conduct a screening level static geochemical characterization program and develop a surface water monitoring program (Rock Tech Lithium Inc., news release, August 12, 2020).

Romios Gold Resources Inc. (www.romios.com) conducted an airborne VLF–EM and magnetic geophysical survey over its Lundmark–Akow Lake and North Caribou gold projects. This helicopter- borne survey was conducted by Terraquest Ltd. on closely spaced lines focussed over postulated structural features thought to control the location of gold mineralization in both areas. The North Caribou claim block was acquired in March 2020. The claims are dominated by the northeast-trending North Caribou fault and a parallel fault 800 m to the south. Past work in the 1970s and 1980s by other operators was largely focussed on the exposures of the North Caribou fault and led to the discovery of a series of small but high-grade gold ± copper showings along this fault, e.g., Power Exploration’s “Trench M” returned assays of 9.9 to 55.7 g/t Au from a 23 cm wide, sulphide-rich vein, part of a broad series of en échelon veins. The great majority of the past drill holes targeted several of the prospects exposed along the North Caribou fault and intersected up to 23 m of intensely silicified, brecciated host rocks infilled with quartz and sulphides (including pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite ± chalcopyrite ± sphalerite) and gold grades up to 2.3 g/t Au over 3.2 m and 6.35 g/t Au over 0.4 m. This exploration work did not test the mineral potential of the obvious parallel fault zone nearby and the linking fault structures between the 2 parallel main faults. Past VLF–EM surveys of an adjacent claim block appear to show evidence of such linking structures. The presence of numerous well-mineralized small showings along the main fault is an encouraging indication that gold-rich fluids moved along that fault and may have been deposited in more favourable open spaces within the adjacent splay faults. The current Romios airborne VLF–EM and magnetic survey is expected to define the main fault zones in considerable detail and delineate any splay fault splays linking the 2 main faults. A program of soil sampling, prospecting and mapping is planned over these structures in the early summer of 2021 followed by diamond drilling of any anomalous features (Romios Gold Resources Inc., news release, October 22, 2020).

Silver Spruce Resources Inc. (www.silverspruceresources.com) registered additional claims on its Melchett Lake property and is planning a property-wide exploration and diamond-drilling program. The property, located within Melchett Lake greenstone belt of the English River Subprovince, is underlain by a bimodal mafic–felsic sequence of pyroclastic rocks, tuffs and flows with cherts and iron-poor to iron-rich iron formation. The Melchett Lake belt contains several occurrences of polymetallic zinc-lead- copper-silver-gold VMS mineralization (Silver Spruce Resources Inc., news release, December 22, 2020).

Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. (www.triorigin.com) is continuing to incorporate geophysical and geological data into a 3-D drill-hole model comprising approximately 15 000 m of drilling in over 130 drill holes on its Sky Lake property. Tri Origin’s Sky Lake property consists of 446 single-cell mining claims covering an area of approximately 112 km2 and the Koval property, optioned from Barrick Gold Corp., consisting of 28 patent claims and 1 licence of occupation covering an area of approximately 2 km2. The property is midway between the past-producing gold deposits of the Pickle Lake Gold District and the Dona Lake Mine to the northeast and the Golden Patricia gold mine to the west. The company is developing a drill

30 T.K. Pettigrew et al. program to test for depth and strike extensions of the Koval zone, as well as nearby targets that may represent new zones of gold mineralization (Tri Origin Exploration Ltd., news release, December 9, 2020).

DISTRICT STAFF AND ACTIVITIES

In 2020, the Thunder Bay North Resident Geologist Program (RGP) comprised Robert Cundari, P.Geo. (Regional Resident Geologist), Greg Paju, P.Geo. (District Geologist), Mateo Dorado-Troughton (District Geological Assistant (Acting)), Kristen Wiebe (District Geological Assistant (Acting)) and Rosey Wilson (Administrative Assistant). Significant support was also provided by Rosey Wilson (Administrative Assistant), Genevieve Dorland (GIS Data Specialist), Sarah Ferguson, P.Geo (Regional Land Use Geologist), Thérèse Pettigrew, P.Geo. (Mineral Deposit Compilation Geoscientist), Catherine Daniels, P.Geo. (Land Use Policy and Planning Coordinator), Ryan Tuomi (Senior Policy Advisor), Scott Burgess and staff (Mineral Development and Lands Branch), Mathieu Levesque (Aboriginal Geoscience Liaison) and Marvin Shell and Brad Dragan (Rehabilitation and Compliance Section).

Because of public health restrictions that were implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, all Resident Geologist Program (RGP) staff worked remotely during the time period between March 16 and December 31, 2020. The primary impacts of these restrictions on RGP services included the suspension of public access to our offices and the cancellation of the 2020 field season (i.e., no property visits or other field investigations). However, staff were able to continue delivering most of our client services using electronic communication channels (e.g., telephone, email and video calls). Staff were also able to access the offices on an as-needed basis to obtain paper files and other materials that were required to fulfill these services. Client requests for physical documents, exploration equipment loans (e.g., Beep Mats) and diamond-drill core were accommodated outside the office setting in accordance with public health guidelines.

In 2020, Thunder Bay North staff dealt with approximately 415 telephone and e-mail inquiries and numerous in-person contacts at symposia. Thunder Bay North RGP staff attended, or assisted in the production of materials for. the following symposia in 2020: Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada Annual Meeting, Toronto (attended, presentation and display). Regional and district exploration, mining activity and geology presentations were also delivered to Mineral Development Advisers and Community Communications Liaison Officers in Sudbury.

R.M. Cundari continued his position on the Joint Health and Safety Committee as a certified member and worker co-chair. G.F. Paju continued his involvement with the Unified Ministry Employee Relations Committee (MERC) attending regular meetings on behalf on the Ministry Employee Relations Committee (MERC) for the Ontario Public Service Employees Union (OPSEU). G.F. Paju and R.M. Cundari co-ordinated tasks associated with the Thunder Bay Drill Core Library and the off-site core storage facilities in Conmee Township and Beardmore. R.M. Cundari continued discussions with Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) Far North Branch regarding Provincially Significant Mineral Potential (PSMP) evaluations for the Marten Falls and Webequie community-based land-use planning areas, co-ordinating efforts with R.D. Tuomi, P. MacInnis and S.A. Ferguson. Results were regularly communicated with RGP–OGS Senior Management, members of MNRF Far North Branch and the community planning teams. G.F. Paju continued to be involved with the Mary J.L. Black Library and Science North’s Northern Nature Trading program, where participants earn points by trading natural objects and providing information about the item in order to trade for items from the Mary J.L. Black Library and Science North collection. G.F. Paju, S.A. Ferguson, K. Wiebe and M. Dorado-Troughton participated in Science North’s Science Carnival with an interactive Minerals in Your Life display and gold panning for children. G.F. Paju continued in his role as president of the Thunder Bay Branch of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM). R.M. Cundari and G.F. Paju provided direction and field assistance to Lakehead University faculty, graduate and undergraduate students.

31 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Drill Core Storage Site The indoor drill-core storage library adjacent to the Thunder Bay office, and the remote outdoor drill-core storage facilities in Beardmore and Conmee Township continued to be available for the use of exploration and academic clients. These drill-core storage facilities were accessed on multiple occasions during 2020 with the Thunder Bay North staff facilitating 14 visits and inquiries. In 2020, the Thunder Bay indoor core library received a donation of core from 21 diamond-drill holes from Debut Diamonds Inc.’s 2012 Nakina property drill program, as well as core from 45 drill holes related to KWG’s 2010 Ring of Fire Rail Corridor geotechnical drilling. To view a copy of the drill-core storage library inventory or to arrange access to one of these facilities, please contact the Thunder Bay Resident Geologist Program office.

PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS

Public health restrictions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cancellation of the 2020 RGP field season.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXPLORATION

Unconventional Gold Exploration Targets: Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold and Oxidized Felsic Intrusions

Note: The following recommendation is modified from Cundari (2021).

IRON OXIDE-COPPER-GOLD TARGETS WEST OF LAKE NIPIGON

Iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits are a much desired but relatively elusive deposit type in Ontario. Iron oxide-copper-gold deposits are characterized as vein- and breccia-hosted mineralizing systems that contain disseminated copper + gold ± silver ± palladium ± platinum ± nickel ± uranium ± light rare earth element mineralization with abundant hematite and/or magnetite (Cox and Singer 2007). Iron oxide- copper-gold deposits are formed in sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary basins intruded by igneous rocks and typically display broad reduction–oxidation (“redox”) boundaries with associated sodic alteration of source rocks and potassic alteration of host rocks. Although there are currently no recognized examples of IOCG deposits in the Lake Nipigon region, the potential for its discovery in this area has long been recognized (cf. Sutcliffe and Greenwood 1985; Smyk and Franklin 2007). The English Bay complex (EBC) (1546.5±3.9 Ma) covers an area of approximately 80 to 85 km2 and consists of a granite–rhyolite assemblage cropping out along the western shores of Lake Nipigon (Figures 12 and 13) (Hollings, Fralick and Kissin 2004; MacDonald 2004; Heaman et al. 2007). Davis and Sutcliffe (1985) describe the EBC rocks exposed at Redstone Point as anorogenic (A-type) granites gradational to rhyolites, and fragmental rhyolites and dacites, whereby preserved outcrop along the shores of Lake Nipigon indicates that extrusive members dominate the magmatic rocks of the area. Hollings, Fralick and Kissin (2004) suggested that the anorogenic EBC was derived from a mantle plume and it recorded the northern portion of a Mesoproterozoic plume track that produced anorogenic granites throughout North America. The potential for the EBC to host IOCG mineralization was first noted by Sutcliffe and Greenwood (1985) who stated that “The fluorite-bearing subvolcanic porphyry to granite intrusion on English Bay has not been previously recognized and warrants exploration for gold”. MacDonald (2004) also noted that several areas within the Nipigon Embayment may have potential to

32 T.K. Pettigrew et al. host IOCG deposits, including the EBC. The EBC has many features that suggest IOCG mineralization potential, including the presence of anorogenic granite with locally moderate to strong hematite, sericite and silica alteration, as well as elevated zirconium, yttrium and rare earth element contents (Sutcliffe 1991; Schnieders et al. 2002). Smyk and Franklin (2007) further cited the IOCG potential of the EBC as follows. Although no unqualified examples of the iron oxide-coper-gold (IOCG) deposits type have been located in the Lake Nipigon region, there have been recent discoveries of rare-earth element-rich zones southwest of Armstrong, which contain 6000-8000 ppm Zr, 1500-2000 ppm Nb and 1000-3000 ppm Ce in distinctly oxidized granite (East West Resource Corporation, Annual Report, 2005). This area is just west of the English Bay intrusive complex, a 1.54 Ga hypabyssal intrusion with some similarities (including age) to intrusions in the North American Midcontinent region (i.e., Ozark Mountains to Wisconsin) that have IOCG-style occurrences or mines associated with them (Pratt and Sims 1990).

The EBC shows both temporal and geochemical similarities to the nearby the Badwater intrusive complex. Based on similar trace element geochemistry, the EBC was derived from a similar source to the nearby syenites of the Badwater intrusive complex that were emplaced at 1590.1±0.8 Ma (Heaman et al. 2007; Cundari, Smyk and Hollings 2014). The EBC and the BIC represent rocks emplaced in the Geon15 time

Figure 12. Geological map of the northwest Lake Nipigon area showing the approximate locations of the English Bay and Badwater intrusive complexes in the Thunder Bay North District. Geology from Hart (2006). All UTM co-ordinates provided in NAD83, Zone 16. Claim units as of December 15, 2020.

33 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020 period and represent the only intrusive rocks north of Lake Superior known to have been emplaced in this time period. The age of the EBC is broadly consistent with that of the large Olympic Dam IOCG deposit in Australia (circa 1590 Ma; Johnson and Cross 1995) and several intrusions in the United States, which host IOCG style occurrences or mines, as mentioned above (cf. Pratt and Sims 1990). It is plausible that other alkalic granitic bodies in the Lake Nipigon and broader Lake Superior region are related to this event and may represent prospective targets for IOCG style mineralization. The limited amount of mineral exploration that has occurred in the EBC to date has confirmed the area’s IOCG potential. Exploration efforts in 1997–1999 included prospecting, geological mapping, soil geochemical sampling, stream sediment sampling and lithogeochemical sampling by R.J. Dean, who identified several elevated metallic and rare earth element values from grab samples (Dean and Kathmann 1997). Corona Gold Corp. optioned the property and completed a helicopter-borne magnetic, radiometric and electromagnetic survey of the property, totalling 772 line-kilometres, as well as 5 diamond-drill holes, totalling 2650 m (Wood and Drost 1998). Detailed accounts of the results from these exploration programs can be found in the Thunder Bay North Report of Activities for 1997 (Mason et al. 1998) and 1999 (Mason et al. 2000), as well as various assessment files available through the Ontario Geological Survey online data warehouse, GeologyOntario (www.ontario.ca/geology).

Figure 13. Total field magnetic imagery map of the northwest Lake Nipigon area showing the approximate locations of the English Bay and Badwater intrusive complexes. Note the ring-shaped magnetic expression of the Badwater intrusive complex. Geophysical data from Ontario Geological Survey (2003a, 2004). All UTM co-ordinates provided in NAD83, Zone 16. Claim units as of December 15, 2020.

34 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

From 1999 to 2006, East West Resource Corp. completed several exploration programs targeting potassium-, uranium- and thorium-anomalous zones in the EBC and Badwater intrusive complex areas that may reflect IOCG (referred to by East West Resource Corp. as Olympic Dam-style mineralization; Middleton, Tweedie and Baker 2001). Several zones of drill core, anomalous in rare earth elements, were discovered in alkalic granitic rocks suggestive of a favourable environment for IOCG style mineralization. Summaries of those activities can be found in the Thunder Bay North Report of Activities for 2003 to 2005 (Smyk et al. 2004, 2005, 2006), as well as various assessment files available through the Ontario Geological Survey online data warehouse, GeologyOntario (www.ontario.ca/geology).

Oxidized Felsic Intrusion Targets in the Onaman–Tashota Greenstone Belt Proximity to magnetic felsic intrusions has been noted for many Archean gold occurrences in the Superior Province, including some in the eastern Wabigoon Subprovince. Hattori (1987) suggested that magnetite- rich felsic intrusions and the identification of oxidized magmatic–hydrothermal alteration may aid in targeting favourable areas for Archean gold deposits. Hattori (1987) cites the following gold deposits in the Onaman–Tashota greenstone belt (in the eastern Wabigoon Subprovince), which occur near the contacts of and/or within felsic stocks: • the Quebec Sturgeon Mine (Elmhirst Lake and Coyle Lake stocks) • the Mitto and Greenoaks deposits (Elmhirst Lake stock) • the Dik-Dik/Orphan Mine (Kaby Lake stock)

Beakhouse (2007) further proposed a magmatic–hydrothermal model for Archean lode gold that suggests the timing of gold mineralization is synchronous with late-stage plutonic activity, regional metamorphism and the later stages of regional deformation. Plutons that are emplaced synchronously with this main- stage gold introduction event are those associated with the late, mantle-derived (sanukitoid and alkalic) suites that are often anomalously oxidized. Beakhouse (2007) further suggests that magmatic–hydrothermal fluids are primarily responsible for the generation of a subset of Archean lode gold deposits and are a major to minor fluid component within other deposits. Many intrusions present in the Wabigoon Subprovince, particularly those mentioned in the Onaman–Tashota greenstone belt, resemble the late, oxidized, mantle-derived plutons described by Beakhouse (2007). Further work is warranted in the eastern Wabigoon Subprovince and elsewhere in the Superior Province, to establish the relationship between gold mineralization and late-stage plutonic activity. While the Archean magmatic–hydrothermal gold models of Hattori (1987) and Beakhouse (2007) are definitely applicable to the Onaman–Tashota greenstone belt, the potential for discovery of Proterozoic IOCG type gold mineralizing systems in this area should not be discounted given the potential for previously unrecognized Geon15 magmatism in the Lake Nipigon region.

Summary The potential for rocks associated with the Geon15 magmatic event in the Lake Nipigon region to host gold mineralization remains high and relatively untested. It is recommended that individuals focus exploration efforts toward rocks associated with the EBC and Badwater intrusive complex as they remain ideal geological environments to host IOCG style mineralization. It is also recommended that individuals further investigate the magmatic–hydrothermal component of gold deposits associated with late-stage, magnetic, felsic intrusions described by Beakhouse (2007) because it may shed light on previously under- appreciated deposit models for many gold occurrences, thereby increasing the potential for significant discovery.

35 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Multi-Commodity Potential in Gzowski and Kowkash Townships

Note: The following recommendation is modified from Paju (2021).

The Tontine Group of occurrences is located within an underexplored portion of the Onaman–Tashota greenstone belt that is prospective for volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) and lode gold mineralization. The group consists of 6 mineral occurrences of gold, silver, nickel, zinc and copper (Table 9; Ontario Geological Survey 2020a) straddling the boundary between Gzowski and Kowkash townships approximately 70 km north of Geraldton. At the time of writing, the area remains open for claim registration. The Onaman–Tashota greenstone belt straddles the width of the eastern Wabigoon Subprovince. It is mainly composed of Neoarchean metavolcanic rocks, including basalt, dacite and rhyolite that occur as flows, autobreccia and pyroclastic rocks (Stott et al. 2002). Older Mesoarchean metavolcanic rocks also occur near the western margin of the belt where it wraps around the Robinson pluton. The supracrustal rocks of the belt also include metasedimentary units that form the youngest supracrustal assemblages and reflect uplift and erosion of the underlying volcanic and plutonic rocks (Stott et al. 2002). The Tontine Group is primarily hosted within a subcircular unit of Neoarchean (2730–2759 Ma) intermediate metavolcanic rocks consisting of dacitic flows and tuff to lapilli tuff and pyroclastic breccia with a monzonite- monzodiorite-syenite core within the Willet assemblage (Figure 14). The Willet assemblage is the dominant assemblage within the Onaman–Tashota greenstone belt and is composed of massive to pillowed tholeiitic

Figure 14. Geology and location of mineral occurrences and diamond-drill holes of the Tontine Group area in Gzowski and Kowkash townships. Geology from Ontario Geological Survey (2011) and from Stott, Straub and Fortin (1999). Drill-hole data from Ontario Geological Survey (2020b). All UTM co-ordinates provided in NAD83, Zone 16. Claim units current as of October 14, 2020.

36 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Table 9. Mineral occurrences of the Tontine Group (data from Ontario Geological Survey 2020a).

MDI Number Occurrence Name Primary Commodity Secondary Commodity Deposit Status MDI42L06SW00014 McCann Gold Iron, Silver Occurrence MDI42L06SW00013 Tontine, 70-10 Nickel Gold, Silver Occurrence MDI42L06SW00010 Tontine Silver 1 Silver Copper Discretionary Occurrence MDI42L06SW00009 Tontine Silver 1 Silver Copper Discretionary Occurrence MDI42L06SW00006 Tontine, 70-12 Copper, Silver Gold Discretionary Occurrence MDI42L06SW00003 Tontine, 70-8 Zinc Silver Discretionary Occurrence basalt with rare interbeds of dacitic tuff or resedimented tuff (Stott 1984; Stott, Straub and Fortin 1999; Stott et al. 2002). Rare-magnetite–chert ± sulphide iron formation occurs as magnetic high anomalies on aeromagnetic maps (McCannell 1952; Zurowski 1974; Burton 1990; Ontario Geological Survey 2003a, 2003b). Such iron formation horizons were noted in the logs of diamond-drill holes that were advanced by Tontine Mining Limited (Zurowski 1970a, 1970b). Gold has been the primary exploration target in the Tontine Group area since it was first discovered in 1915 at the King Dodds occurrence near Howard Falls on the Kawashkagama River (MDI42L06SW00007; Hopkins 1916). The King Dodds occurrence is located approximately 10 km northeast of the Tontine Group (see Figure 14). A diamond-drilling program was completed in the Tontine area in 1952. This program was completed by an unknown party and consisted of 2 holes (1180 feet), with no assays reported (assessment file 42L06SE0051: Sudbury–Onaman Pyrites Limited 1952). In 1970, Tontine Mining Limited completed a 13 hole diamond-drilling program, totalling 1588 m, with the deepest hole (DDH 70-6) extending 226 m and including an assay of 0.56 ounces per ton silver over 4.9 m (Zurowski 1970a, 1970b; Peterson 1970a, 1970b, 1970c). Several airborne and ground-based geophysical surveys have also been completed in the area by exploration companies (McCannell 1952; Zurowski 1974; Moffat 1976; Burton 1990) and the Ontario Geological Survey (2003a). The 1970 diamond-drilling program intersected various cherty and graphitic metasedimentary rock horizons, oxide ± sulphide iron formations and tuff horizons. These stratigraphic intervals were sulphide mineralized, with sulphide content ranging up to 40 to 100%. Mineralization ranged from disseminated to massive and included pyrrhotite and pyrite, with local instances of 40 to 80% disseminated to massive marcasite (DDH 70-3 and 70-6; Zurowski 1970a, 1970b). The sulphide mineralized horizons are described as being interbedded with porphyry intrusions, presumed pillowed mafic volcanic flows and poorly sorted to foliated dacitic pyroclastic breccia that is generally massive in appearance. One drill hole (DDH 70-2) encountered a 300 foot-thick zone of dacitic breccia containing disseminated sulphide throughout, with the main sulphide mineralization occurring in intervals of 40 to 60% pyrrhotite and pyrite contained in chert bands ranging from roughly 15 to 60 cm thick (Zurowski 1970a). Carbonate, chlorite and silica alteration were reported in various lithologies, particularly within the dacite breccia, iron formation and metasedimentary rock–tuff horizons, possibly indicative of the presence of a nearby VMS feeder zone. The 1970s drill program appears to have been targeting small magnetic high anomalies (Figures 15 and 16). The program found elevated levels of silver (0.56 ounces per ton), copper (0.4% Cu), nickel (0.03% Ni), zinc (0.4% Zn) and gold (0.005 ounces per ton) (Peterson 1970a, 1970b, 1970c; Zurowski 1970a, 1970b). The Tontine Group area has geological characteristics that suggest that it has potential for the discovery of VMS and gold mineralization. These include • anomalous base and precious metal values that were obtained from historical exploration programs • physical and geochemical trap lithologies (e.g., chert and iron formation horizons) • hydrothermal alteration (carbonatization, chloritization and silicification)

37 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Figure 15. Map of the Tontine Group area overlain by the residual magnetic image showing magnetic anomalies of the western Kowkash Township. Geophysical data from Ontario Geological Survey (2003a, 2003b). Drill-hole data from Ontario Geological Survey (2020b). All UTM co-ordinates provided in NAD83, Zone 16. Claim units current as of October 14, 2020.

Figure 16. Map of the Tontine Group area overlain by the second vertical derivative magnetic image showing magnetic anomalies of western Kowkash Township. Geophysical data from Ontario Geological Survey (2003a, 2003b). Drill-hole data from Ontario Geological Survey (2020b). All UTM co-ordinates provided in NAD83, Zone 16. Claim units current as of October 14, 2020.

38 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

The area has seen limited exploration since the 1970s, with none utilizing modern gold or VMS targeting methods. Detailed prospecting and till and/or soil sampling in the vicinity of known occurrences and host lithology extensions could aid in delineating mineralized areas, including barren iron sulphides and alteration halos not previously discovered in outcrop which may vector to further mineralization. Conducting such work in conjunction with modern geochemical and geophysical (e.g., magnetic and electromagnetic) surveys will aid in refining prospective lithologies and prioritizing explorations targets.

Property Examinations Geodatabase: A Recently Expanded Tool for Referencing Historical Geological Information

Starting in the 1960s, the Ontario Geological Survey’s Resident Geologist Program (RGP) has included “Property Examinations” in its annual Reports of Activities. These articles serve as valuable point-source summaries for mineral exploration and development properties in Ontario. Although the format and level of detail provided in the “Property Examination” articles have varied over the years, they are all based on field visits by RGP geologists. Almost all of these articles capture exploration history, significant assay results and geological summaries for specific properties and/or mineral occurrences. Most notably, these articles provide third-party geological interpretations and assay results from the field visit, thus giving the mineral rights holder and potential investors an objective evaluation of the geology and mineral potential of the property. Additionally, “Property Examinations” articles often provide recommendations to guide further exploration work. The Property Examination Geodatabase♦ (PEG) has been developed to serve as a tool that will allow users to more easily discover RGP “Property Examinations” articles. These articles are currently easy to overlook, as they are included as relatively brief articles embedded within the annual Report of Activities that have been published in various formats over the years. From 1967 to 1996, the respective Resident Geologists’ reports were compiled within single volumes covering the entire province (as Miscellaneous Papers until 1992 and Open File Reports from 1993 to 1996); individual Open File Reports have been published for each region since 1997. Resident Geologist District boundaries have also changed numerous times over the years, adding to the challenge of locating articles for specific areas of interest. The PEG simplifies the process of locating property examinations by providing a spatially referenced point for each article, presented as a data layer (.kml file) through OGSEarth (www.ontario.ca/ogsearth), which can be viewed Google Earth™ mapping service (Figure 17). A pop-up for each point displays metadata that include a link to the article, location information, report references, availability of assay data and information on associated Mineral Deposit Inventory occurrences and Assessment Files (Figure 18). This product was initially made available for the Thunder Bay North and Thunder Bay South districts as a pilot project to highlight potentially overlooked sources of geological interpretations and data that are available in historical government reports. The project and the database has expanded to cover the entirety of the RGP Northwest Region, now including Red Lake and Kenora. The product highlights the value of the expert geological evaluation services, and the research-quality laboratory services that are provided by the Ontario Geological Survey. The PEG can be useful for immediate and adjacent property holders who may not be aware of the availability of applicable property examination articles. The PEG can also be useful for targeting purposes, as several PEG points relate to properties or portions of properties that are currently open for acquisition. The PEG for the Thunder Bay North, Thunder Bay South, Kenora and Red Lake districts is available online as a data layer (.kml file) through OGSEarth (www.ontario.ca/ogsearth | Northern Ontario | Property Examination Articles), which can be viewed using Google Earth™ mapping service. The entire geodatabase, which includes a Microsoft® Excel® workbook and corresponding data layer (.kml file), is also available directly from RGP Northwest Region staff.

♦See also “Geographic Information System Data Specialists Activities—Northwestern and Northeastern Ontario” “New Data Products” “Property Examination Geodatabase” in this report.

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Figure 17. Map showing the results of the Property Examination Geodatabase pilot data layer (.kml) and the distribution of points (“Property Examinations” articles) in the RGP Northwest Region.

Figure 18. Image of a “pop-up” message showing the metadata displayed for a point in the Property Examination Geodatabase data layer.

40 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS

Public health restrictions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cancellation of the 2020 field season for the OGS Earth Resources and Geoscience Mapping Section (ERGMS). However, activities that did not require field work continued for the following projects. • M. Duguet (OGS–ERGMS) continued a two-year, 1:50 000 scale mapping project in the Georgia Lake area (Duguet 2020). The objectives of the project are to address the geoscience gaps in the map area related to structure, metamorphism, plutonism and the timing of tectonic events in the Quetico Subprovince. Additionally, the project aims to assess the level of structural control on the S-type plutonism, particularly for the rare-element pegmatites, and document in detail the various Proterozoic mafic dike swarms present using geophysical interpretation, mapping, geochemistry and geochronology. In 2020, geochemical results and preliminary geochronology from the Archean volcaniclastic rocks and mafic intrusive rocks sampled previously were released. • R.M. Easton (OGS–ERGMS) completed a compilation of geological characteristics for carbonatites across the province and provided the estimated exploration potential for 50 complexes (Easton 2020). • G. Gao (OGS–ERGMS) continued work in support of the Far North Terrain Mapping Project with a focus on the Pickle Lake–Cat Lake area (Gao and Yeung 2020). Results and interpretations from this project contribute to Far North land-use planning initiatives and the assessment of aggregate resources for infrastructure development. Additionally, interpretations contribute to an improved understanding of the glacial history in this region. Currently, work is ongoing to produce a series of 10 Quaternary geological maps at 1:100 000 scale for the study area. The majority of the laboratory analysis results on the previously collected 80 bulk till samples (~10 kg) each are pending, but preliminary analytical results for indicator minerals are available. • E.C.G. Hastie (OGS–ERGMS) continued work on a multi-year collaborative project between the Ontario Geological Survey, the Royal Ontario Museum and the Metal Earth research program. The project is developing a method for analyzing major and trace elements associated with gold and working towards a public database for gold geochemistry across Ontario and the world. The project currently makes use of samples from 5 deposits in the Thunder Bay North District (Hastie et al. 2020).

The following 3 projects were active in the Thunder Bay North District during 2020 and form part of the Geological Survey of Canada’s Targeted Geoscience Initiative 5 (TGI-5) ore systems program (Bleeker and Houlé 2020). • W. Bleeker (GSC) provided new U/Pb ages for 10 mineralized intrusions of the Midcontinent Rift to better understand and temporal distributions of the intrusions. The results favour a relatively sharp onset of high-volume basaltic magmatism at circa 1106–1110 Ma in the main part of the rift, with coeval more alkalic magmatism in the eastern Midcontinent Rift. Mineralized intrusions of the Midcontinent Rift do not all fall in this early age group, but show a temporal distribution that correlates with all the main volcanic phases of the rift. The age of the Kitto intrusion (circa 1117 Ma) remains as an older age outlier and is still being tested. • M. Houlé (GSC) contributed to the TGI-5 ore systems program with a study on the magmatic architecture of the Esker intrusive complex in the “Ring of Fire” intrusive suite, McFaulds Lake greenstone belt. The project argues a new model for the complex’s magmatic architecture and a new model of formation for the significant chromite layers in the intrusive complex. These new models will aid in determining ore systems’ prospectivity and where nickel-copper-PGE sulphide deposits may be located within those systems (Bleeker and Houlé 2020).

41 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

• N. Zuccarelli (GSC and Laurentian University) provided the results of a petrographic and sulphide textural study of nickel-copper-PGE mineralized samples from the Eagle’s Nest deposit, McFaulds Lake greenstone belt. The project studied 200 representative core samples to define the distribution of different ore types within the Eagle’s Nest dike-like host. Advanced µXRF imaging was used to map detailed composition and textural features within polished core specimens.

The following information was provided to the Thunder Bay North Resident Geologist’s office concerning a research project by faculty at an accredited university, which was in progress in 2020. This is not a comprehensive summary of university research in the Thunder Bay North District. • P. Hollings (Lakehead University) carried out whole-rock geochemistry and U/Pb geochronology analyses on samples from the Pillar Lake volcanics, which are flat-lying, undeformed mafic volcanic rocks exposed near the northwestern margin of the Mesoproterozoic Nipigon Embayment just south of Armstrong. The project involves determining the age of the Pillar Lake volcanics and comparison of the Pillar Lake volcanics to the nearby Inspiration sill, to integrate understanding of the Pillar Lake volcanics with the overall Midcontinent Rift system.

New publications received by the Thunder Bay North Resident Geologist’s office in 2020 that document recent geological studies in the district are shown in Table 10. A complete listing of active and recently completed university geological research projects in the Thunder Bay North District is provided in Table 11.

Table 10. Publications received by the Thunder Bay North District Geologist office in 2020.

Title Author Type and Year of Publication Recommendations for Exploration 2019–2020 Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Recommendations for Exploration, 2020 Lake Geochemistry of Ontario Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Lake Geochemistry of Ontario—2019 (LakeGeochemON), online database, 2020 Report of Activities 2019, Resident Geologist R.M. Cundari, G.F. Paju, M. Dorado- Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Thunder Bay North Regional Resident Troughton, C.M. Daniels, S.P. Fudge, Open File Report 6364, 2020 Geologist Report: Thunder Bay North District T.K. Pettigrew and G. Dorland Precambrian Geology of the McFaulds Lake “Ring R.T. Metsaranta and M.G. Houlé Ontario Geological Survey, of Fire” Region, Northern Ontario Open File Report 6359, 260p., 2020 Summary of Field Work and Other Activities, 2020 Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6370, 2020 Specific articles of interest: Geochemistry of Archean Volcaniclastic and M. Duguet OFR 6370, article 8, 10p. Mafic Intrusive Rocks, Georgia Lake Area, Quetico Subprovince, Northwestern Ontario Exploration Guidelines for Carbonatites in R.M. Easton OFR 6370, article 9, 10p. Ontario Gold Fingerprinting: Using Major and Trace E.C.G. Hastie, J.A. Petrus, OFR 6370, article 10, 10p. Elements Associated with Native Gold to H.L. Gibson and K.T. Tait Work Toward a Global Gold Database Far North Terrain Mapping in the Pickle Lake– C. Gao and K.H. Yeung OFR 6370, article 12, 13p. Cat Lake Area, Northwestern Ontario: Preliminary Indicator Mineral Results Geographic Index to Published Reports, Maps Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper and Digital Data, 2011–2019 (MP) 178 (Supplement 2011–2019), 2020 Index to Published Reports, Maps Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper and Digital Data, 2011–2019 (MP) 177 (Supplement 2011–2019), 2020 Index to Maps, Bedrock Geology, 1991–2019 Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, set of 4 maps, scale 1:1 000 000, 2020 Index to Maps, Surficial Geology, 1991–2019 Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, set of 4 maps, scale 1:1 000 000, 2020

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Table 11. University theses and other research projects undertaken in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020.

Student University Research Topic(s) PhD Thesis Heather Carson Laurentian University Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis of the Black Thor Intrusive Complex (in progress) and Associated Cr and Ni-Cu-PGE Mineralization, McFaulds Greenstone Belt, Ontario Keaton Strongman Laurentian University Metallogeny of the Onaman–Tashota Greenstone Belt, Eastern Wabigoon Domain, (in progress) Northern Ontario MSc Thesis Naghmeh Farhangi Laurentian University Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis of Ni-Cu-PGE Mineralization in Black Thor (in progress) Igneous Complex, McFaulds Greenstone Belt, Ontario Anna Haataja Laurentian University The Timing and Type of Metamorphism of the Wabigoon Subprovince near (in progress) Geraldton, Ontario Spencer Killins Lakehead University Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Pyroxenite Plugs in NW Ontario (in progress) Christine Legrand Laurentian University Weathering of Rocks from the Ring of Fire: Understanding the Release and (in progress) Mobilization of Cr and V Benjamin Mark Laurentian University Structural Evolution of the Tashota Shear Zone, Northern Onaman–Tashota (in progress) Greenstone Belt Kaveh Mehrmanesh Laurentian University Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis of the Black Label Chromite Horizon, (in progress) Black Thor Igneous Complex, McFaulds Greenstone Belt, Ontario Natascia Zuccarelli-Pegoraro Laurentian University Sulfide Textural Variations and Multiphase Ore Emplacement in the Eagle’s Nest (in progress) Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, McFaulds Lake Greenstone Belt, Ontario, Canada

MINERAL DEPOSITS NOT BEING MINED

Table 12. Mineral deposits not being mined in the Thunder Bay North District in 2020.

Abbreviations AF ...... Assessment Files MDC ...... Mineral Deposit Circular [No.15–] AR ...... Annual Report [formerly Mineral Resources Circular, No.1–14] CAMH ...... Canadian and American Mines Handbook MDIR ...... Mineral Deposit Inventory record [since 2004–2005] MLS ...... Mining Lands, Sudbury CMH ...... Canadian Mines Handbook MR ...... Mining Recorder [up to and including 2003–2004] NM ...... The Northern Miner GR ...... Geological Report OFR ...... Open File Report MD&A ...... Management Discussion and Analysis PC ...... Personal Communication

Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve Status and NTS and/or Dimensions References* Arseno Lake Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag 920 000 t @ 8.7% Zn+Pb, CAMH 2006–2007, p.157 Active (53 B/14NE) 1.5 opt Ag B4-7 Ni, Cu, Co, PGE Indicated Resource: Landore Resources Canada Inc., Active (42 L/5NW) 3.292 Mt @ 0.62% Ni, NI 43-101 Technical Report, 0.42% Cu, 0.05% Co, 0.13 g/t Pt, January 16, 2018 0.53 g/t Pd, 0.03 g/t Au (amended January 7, 2019) (1.20% Ni Equivalent) (Pressacco and Masun 2019) Inferred Resource: 0.568 Mt @ 0.61% Ni, 0.52% Cu, 0.05% Co, 0.08 g/t Pt, 0.5 g/t Pd, 0.03 g/t Au (1.26% Ni Equivalent) (NI 43-101–compliant resource) Barton Bay Fe 453.59 Mt (grade ~25.2%) Fe Thunder Bay North Resident Inactive (42 E/10NW) Geologist’s office files

43 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve Status and NTS and/or Dimensions References* BAM Au Indicated Resource: Landore Resources Inc., Active (42 L/5NW) 21.930 Mt @ 1.06 g/t Au NI 43-101 Technical Report, (747 000 ounces) April 17, 2020 Inferred Resource: (Fitzpatrick 2020) 9.153 Mt @ 0.91 g/t Au (268 000 ounces) Big Daddy Cr Measured and Indicated Resource: Noront Resources Ltd., Inactive (43 D16SE) 29.1 Mt @ 31.7% Cr2O3 NI 43-101 Technical Report, Inferred Resource: July 27, 2015 (Aubut 2015a) 3.4 Mt @ 28.1% Cr2O3 (cut-off grade of 20% Cr2O3) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Blackbird Cr Measured and Indicated Resource: Noront Resources Ltd., Active (43 D/9NW) 20.5 Mt @ 35.76% Cr2O3 NI 43-101 Technical Report, Inferred Resource: September 4, 2012 23.5 Mt @ 33.1% Cr2O3 (Burgess et al. 2012) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Black Creek Cr Measured and Indicated Resource: CAMH 2016–2017, p.347 Inactive (43 D/16SE) 8.645 Mt @ 37.41% Cr2O3 Inferred Resource: 1.61 Mt @ 37.78% Cr2O3 (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Black Horse Cr Inferred Resource: KWG Resources Inc., Inactive (Koper Lake) 85.9 Mt @ 34.5% Cr2O3 NI 43-101 Technical Report, (43 D/16SW) (cut-off grade of 20% Cr2O3) July 14, 2015 (Aubut 2015b) (NI 43-101–compliant resource)

Black Label Cr Measured and Indicated: Noront Resources Ltd., Inactive (43 D/16SE) 5.4 Mt @ 25.3% Cr2O3 NI 43-101 Technical Report, Inferred Resource: July 27, 2015 (Aubut 2015a) 0.9 Mt @ 22.8% Cr2O3 (cut-off grade of 20% Cr2O3) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Black Thor Cr Measured and Indicated: Noront Resources Ltd., Inactive (43 D/16SE) 137.7 Mt @ 31.5% Cr2O3 NI 43-101 Technical Report, Inferred Resource: July 27, 2015 (Aubut 2015a) 26.8 Mt @ 29.3% Cr2O3 (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Brookbank Au Open Pit: Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc., Active (42 E/12NW) Indicated Resource: Centerra Gold Inc. and Premier 2.638 Mt @ 2.02 g/t Au Gold Mines Ltd., (171 000 ounces) NI 43-101 Technical Report, Inferred Resource: December 21, 2016 0.171 Mt @ 2.38 g/t Au (Gignac et al. 2016) (13 000 ounces) Underground: Indicated Resource: 1.851 Mt @ 7.21 g/t Au (429 000 ounces) Inferred Resource: 0.403 Mt @ 4.02 g/t Au (53 000 ounces) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Central Onaman Range Fe 181.44 Mt @ ∼30% Fe MDC 11 (Shklanka 1968, p.407) Inactive (42 L/3NW) Dobie Zone Au 301 000 t @ 5.5 g/t Au OFR 5869 Active (52 O/6NE) (Seim 1993, p.161-162) Doran Lake Fe 155.13 Mt @ 22.3% magnetic Fe; MDC 11 (Shklanka 1968, p.450) Inactive (52 J/15NE) 185.97 Mt @ 16.7% magnetic Fe

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Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve Status and NTS and/or Dimensions References* Eagle Island Fe Indicated Resource: CAMH 2016–2017, p.366 Inactive (52 J/14NE) 1287 Mt grading 28.39% Fe Inferred Resource: 108 Mt grading 31.03% Fe (31.3% iron cut-off grade) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Eagle’s Nest Ni, Cu, PGE, Au Reserves (Proven and Probable): CAMH 2016–2017, p.309 Inactive (43 D/9NW) 11.13 Mt @ 1.68% Ni, 0.87% Cu, 0.89 g/t Pt, 3.09 g/t Pd, 0.18 g/t Au Inferred Resource: 8.966 Mt @ 1.10% Ni, 1.14% Cu, 1.16 g/t Pt, 3.49 g/t Pd, 0.30 g/t Au (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Eva Township Fe, P A.L. 414: 3.18 Mt @ 33.5% Fe, MDC 11 (Shklanka 1968, p.378) Inactive (52 H/9NE) 0.118% P to 600 foot depth A.L. 416: 4.54 Mt @ 30% Fe Georgia Lake NSPA Li Measured and Indicated Resource: Rock Tech Lithium Inc., Active (Nama Creek Main Zone 6.58 Mt @ 1.01% Li2O NI 43-101 Technical Report, North, Nama Creek Main (cut-off grade of 0.65% Li2O) April 18, 2018 Zone Southwest, Harricana, Inferred Resource: (Peters and Lowicki 2018) Conway, Line 60) 3.85 Mt @ 1.01% Li2O (52 H/8NE) (cut-off grade of 0.65% Li2O) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Georgia Lake SSPA Li Inferred Resource: Rock Tech Lithium Inc., Active (McVittie, Jean Lake (west), 2.54 Mt @ 1.41% Li2O NI 43-101 Technical Report, Newkirk, Aumacho) (cut-off grade of 0.65% Li2O) April 18, 2018 (52 H/8NE) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) (Peters and Lowicki 2018) Goss Lake Au 271 000 t @ 5.10 g/t Au Landore Resources Canada Inc., Inactive (Frond Lake) Annual Report, 2016 (52 P/9SW) Hardrock Au Open Pit (>0.35 g/t Au cut-off): Premier Gold Mines Ltd., Active (42 E/10NW) Proven Reserve: NI 43-101 Technical Report, 5.623 Mt @ 1.28 g/t Au January 26, 2021 (232 000 ounces) (Gignac et al. 2021) Probable Reserve: 129.7 Mt @ 1.27 g/t Au (5 307 000 ounces) Open Pit (>0.3 g/t Au cut-off): Indicated Resource: 5.972 Mt @ 1.21 g/t Au (231 400 ounces) Inferred Resource: 0.356 Mt @ 1.14 g/t Au (13 100 ounces) Underground (>2.00 g/t Au cut-off): Indicated Resource: 9.792 Mt @ 3.93 g/t Au (1 237 400 ounces) Inferred Resource: 24.93 Mt @ 3.87 g/t Au (3 059 100 ounces) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Headway Coulee Zn, Ag 226 796 t @ 4.44% Zn, 1.32 opt Ag OFR 5630 Inactive (42 L/4SE) (Mason and White 1986, p.41) Hercules Au Indicated Resource: CAMH 2012–2013, p.539 Inactive (Elmhirst) 231 800 t @ 14.95 g/t Au (42 E/13SE) (111 450 ounces) Inferred Resource: 761 300 t @ 4.13 g/t Au (101 050 ounces) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Howells Lake Au 75 296 t @ 0.07 opt Au OFR 5926 Inactive (52 P/10SW) (+1.37% Sb) and 598 741 t (Mason and White 1995, p.75) (+3.1% Sb) with erratic gold values

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Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve Status and NTS and/or Dimensions References* Ishkoday Au Indicated (low-grade stockpile): CAMH 2015–2016, p.256 Active (Sturgeon River) 144 070 t @ 1.59 g/t Au (42 E/13SW) (7383 ounces Au) Indicated (tailings): 137 501 t @ 0.67 g/t Au (2944 ounces Au) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Jacobus Cu, Ni 907 184 t @ 0.94% Cu+Ni CAMH 2006–2007, p.305 Inactive (42 E/13SE)

Jean Lake Li 1.53 Mt @ 1.30% Li2O Jean Lake Lithium Mines Ltd., Active (42 E/5NW) Annual Report 1957 Kailey Lake Au Open Pit: Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc., Active (Ashmore) Measured and Indicated Resource: Centerra Gold Inc. and Premier (42 E/10NW) 8.630 Mt @ 0.95 g/t Au Gold Mines Ltd., (265 000 ounces) NI 43-101 Technical Report, Inferred Resource December 21, 2016 3.688 Mt @ 0.97 g/t Au (Gignac et al. 2016) (115 000 ounces) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Karl Zeemel Au Historical Resource: n/a Active (53 B/9SW) 327 000 t @ 4.6 g/t Au; revised resource figures n/a Kasagiminnis Lake Au Inferred Resource: Ardiden Ltd., news release, Active (52 O/8SW) 0.79 Mt @ 4.3 g/t Au September 10, 2019 (110 000 ounces) Key Lake Au Open Pit: Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc., Active (Lindsley) Indicated Resource: Centerra Gold Inc. and Premier (42 E/11NE) 2.572 Mt @ 1.17 g/t Au Gold Mines Ltd., (97 000 ounces) NI 43-101 Technical Report, Inferred Resource: December 21, 2016 1.345 Mt @ 1.29 g/t Au (Gignac et al. 2016) (56 000 ounces) Underground: Indicated Resource: 0.031 Mt @ 6.48 g/t Au (6000 ounces) Inferred Resource: 0.058 Mt @ 3.57 g/t Au (7000 ounces) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Kilometre 61 Mo, Cu, Ag Indicated Resource: CAMH 2016–2017, p.401 Inactive (52 I/8NW) 66.6 Mt @ 0.053% Mo, 0.09% Cu and 2.6 g/t Ag (78.2 million lbs Mo, 127.7 million lbs Cu and 5.5 million ounces Ag) Inferred Resource: 38.9 Mt @ 0.054% Mo, 0.09% Cu and 2.7 g/t Ag (46.5 million lbs Mo, 78.0 million lbs Cu and 3.4 million ounces Ag) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Koval–Ohman Au 471 589 t @ 5.81 g/t Au OFR 5869 (Seim 1993, p.317) Active (52 O/7SE) Lake St. Joseph Fe North zone: Sage and Breaks (1982) Inactive (Soules Bay) 342.6 Mt @ 23.78% soluble Fe (52 O/1SW) South zone: 275.6 Mt @ 22.19% soluble Fe Lamaune Fe 545 519 350 t Landore Resources Canada Inc., Inactive (42 L/5NW) at an average grade of 36.6% Fe news release, June 4, 2010 @ a cut-off grade of 30% Fe, to a depth of 400 m

46 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve Status and NTS and/or Dimensions References* Lang Lake Cu 23 MT @ 0.2% Cu Thunder Bay North Resident Inactive (52 O/12SE) Geologist’s office files Lavoie Lake Cu, Ni 13.24 Mt @ 0.58% Cu, 0.37% Ni OFR 5926 Inactive (43 D/5NE) (Mason and White 1995, p.101) Lynx (Onaman) Cu, Ag, Au Inferred Resource: Sage Gold Inc., news release, Inactive (42 L/4SE) 1.936 Mt @ 1.44% Cu, January 26, 2015 39.6 g/t Ag, 0.58 g/t Au (NI 43-101–compliant resource) Magnet Mine Au Measured and Indicated Resource: CAMH 2006–2007, p.376 Inactive (42 E/11NE) 62 777 t @ 0.34 opt Au Marshall Lake Cu, Zn, Ag, Au 2.01 Mt @ 1.22% Cu, 4.2% Zn, CAMH 2005–2006, p.289 Active (42 L/5NE) 2.45 opt Ag, 0.012 opt Au McCombe prospect Li 2 333 752 t (2 297 000 T) MP 90 (Breaks 1979, p.6) Inactive (52 J/13NE) @ 1.3% Li2O McFaulds 1 Cu, Zn Inferred Resource: Noront Resources Ltd., Active (43 D/16SE) 600 000 t @ 1.1% Cu, 2.5% Zn, NI 43-101 Technical Report, 5.1 g/t Ag, 0.1 g/t Au June 1, 2020 (Aubut 2020) (NI 43-101–compliant resource) McFaulds 3 Cu, Zn Indicated Resource: Noront Resources Ltd., Active (43 D/16SE) 850 000 t @ 2.92% Cu, 1.67% Zn, NI 43-101 Technical Report, 8.33 g/t Ag, 0.31 g/t Au June 1, 2020 (Aubut 2020) Inferred Resource: 500 000 t @ 2.5% Cu, 2.1% Zn, 7.3 g/t Ag, 0.3 g/t Au (NI 43-101–compliant resource) McFaulds 8 Cu, Zn Inferred Resource: Noront Resources Ltd., Active (43 D/16SE) 2 900 000 t @ 2.2% Cu, 1.1% Zn, NI 43-101 Technical Report, 5.7 g/t Ag, 0.2 g/t Au June 1, 2020 (Aubut 2020) (NI 43-101–compliant resource)

McVittie Li 236 775 t @ 1.03% Li2O GR 31 (Pye 1965, p.89) Active (52 H/8NE) Miminiska Lake Au 232 000 t @ 5.62 g/t Au Landore Resources Canada Inc., Inactive (52 P/9SW) Annual Report, 2016 Nortoba–Tyson Mo 65 317 t @ 1.04% Mo Roxmark Mines Limited, Inactive (52 H/9NE) Technical Report, P.A. Bevan, April 2006 (Thunder Bay North Resident Geologist’s office files) Norton Lake Ni, Cu, Co, Pd Measured and Indicated Resource CAMH 2016–2017, p.130, 353 Inactive (42 M/14NW) 2 258 654 t @ 0.67% Ni, 0.61% Cu, 0.03% Co and 0.46 g/t Pd Inferred Resource: 198 571 t @ 0.66% Ni (NI 43-101–compliant resource) Northern Empire Mine Au Indicated Resource: CAMH 2016–2017, p.345 Inactive (42 E/12SW) 86 652 t @ 10.70 g/t Au (29 807 ounces) Inferred Resource: 64 748 t @ 9.95 g/t Au (20 719 ounces) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Paulpic Au 200 000 t @ 0.231 ounce Au per ton OFR 5630 Inactive (42 L/4NE) (Mason and White 1986, p.465) Pickle Crow Mine Au Inferred Resource: Auteco Minerals Ltd., Active (52 O/9SE) 2.8 Mt @ 11.3 g/t Au news release, September 1, 2020 (1 000 000 ounces) (JORC–compliant resource) Seymour Lake Li Indicated Resource: Ardiden Ltd., news release, Active (North Aubry) 2.13 Mt @ 1.29% Li2O, 210 ppm Ta2O5 March 6, 2019 (52 I/8NW) Inferred Resource: 1.7 Mt @ 1.50% Li2O, 189 ppm Ta2O5 (JORC–compliant resources)

47 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve Status and NTS and/or Dimensions References* Seymour Lake Li Inferred Resource: Ardiden Ltd., news release, Active (South Aubry) 1.00 Mt @ 0.80% Li2O, 128 ppm Ta2O5 March 6, 2019 (52 I/8NW) (JORC–compliant resources) Skibi Lake Fe 303.91 Mt @ 26.2% acid-soluble Fe MDC 11 (Shklanka 1968, p.445) Inactive (42 L/10NW) Springer shaft Au No.6 vein: Thunder Bay North Resident Inactive (52 O/8NE) 1000 T @ 0.16 to 0.20 oz/ton Au Geologist’s office files adjacent iron formation: 4000 T @ 0.18 oz/ton Au Stewart Lake Fe 44.91 Mt @ 30% Fe MDC 11 (Shklanka 1968, p.446) Inactive (42 L/11NW, NE) Summit Lake Fe 36.29 Mt @ 30% Fe MDC 11 (Shklanka 1968, p.438) Inactive (42 L/5NE) to 1000 foot depth Thierry Mine Cu, Ni, PGE Main Deposit (Underground): CAMH 2016–2017, p.97 Active (52 O/8NW) Measured and Indicated Resource: 8.131 Mt @ 1.46% Cu, 0.18% Ni, 3.7 g/t Ag Inferred Resource: 11.507 Mt @ 1.46% Cu, 0.15% Ni, 6.1 g/t Ag K1-1 deposit (Open Pit): Inferred Resource: 51.044 Mt @ 0.31% Ni, 0.08% Cu, 1.5 g/t Ag (NI 43-101–compliant resource) Umex–Dorothy Lake Au 236 220 t @ 6.17 g/t Au OFR 5869 (Seim 1993, p.260); Active (52 O/6NW) NM, June 11, 1990, p.13 VW Ni, Cu Indicated Resource: Landore Resources Canada Inc., Active (42 L/5NW) 1.084 Mt @ 0.63% Ni, 0.07% Cu, NI 43-101 Technical Report, 0.02% Co, 0.04 g/t Pt, 0.05 g/t Pd, January 16, 2018 0.01 g/t Au (0.71% NiEq) (amended January 7, 2019) Inferred Resource: (Pressacco and Masun 2019) 0.180 Mt @ 0.60% Ni, 0.07% Cu, 0.02% Co, 0.02 g/t Pt, 0.04 g/t Pd, 0.01 g/t Au (0.68% NiEq) (NI 43-101–compliant resources) Wabassi Cu, Zn, Ag, Au Inferred Resource: Wabassi Resources, ULC, Active (42 M/10NE) 1.041 Mt @ 1.10% Cu, 4.21% Zn, 2016 Exploration Update, 29.8 g/t Ag, 0.14 g/t Au Greenstone Economic (2.78% CuEq; NSR cut-off) Development Corporation Mining Update Presentation, November 2016 Zulapa Au 635 029 t @ 0.28 opt Au to 213 m OFR 5926 Inactive (42 M/12SW) (Mason and White 1995, p.208) (within First Nation boundary) Note: This table contains tonnage and grade estimates referred to as reserves (indicated, possible, probable), which were determined at various times by methods largely unreported. Except where noted, none of these estimates are known to conform to the standards required for National Instrument 43-101 and should be considered inferred mineral resources not reserves. Unit abbreviations used: g/t = grams per tonne; lbs = pounds; Mt = million tonnes; MT = million tons; opt = ounces per ton; t = tonnes, T = tons.

48 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES—NORTHWEST REGION

Land-Use Planning Activities

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist, based in Thunder Bay, co-ordinates input into land-use planning activities in the Thunder Bay South, Thunder Bay North, Red Lake and Kenora Resident Geologist districts. In 2020, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist position was staffed from late January through December by Sarah Ferguson, P.Geo. For the early portion of January, the duties were carried out by the northeast Regional Land Use Geologist (and now Land Use Planning and Policy Coordinator), Catherine Daniels, P.Geo. The boundaries of the Regional Land Use Geologists’ regions are indicated on Figure 19.

Figure 19. Extent of the Regional Land Use Geologists’ (“RLUG”) areas of responsibility (red lines indicate the regional boundaries; grey lines indicate the municipal boundaries).

49 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

The objective of the position is to ensure that geoscience information is considered in policy and land-use planning decisions. The geoscience information relates to • mineral-related values and economic opportunities • natural geological and mining-related hazards • renewable and non-renewable energy sources • groundwater resources

Program activities that support this objective include helping develop, deliver and administer provincial policies, practices and procedures; and providing advice and guidance to municipalities, agencies and others involved in or affected by land use planning regarding geoscience-related matters.

In 2020, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist dealt with a variety of land-use planning issues throughout the northwest region. The following sections summarize the work that was done.

CROWN LANDS The Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines (ENDM) engages with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) when Crown land-use planning activities have the potential to impact provincial mineral interests, or to expose those using Crown lands to natural geological or mining-related hazards. These activities relate to forest management planning; energy and other major infrastructure projects; Far North land use planning; proposals to modify existing parks or create new ones; and various other initiatives related to Crown land use.

Crown Land Disposition The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist provided geoscience information to MNRF regarding a proposed minor amendment to the Red Lake and Lac Seul General Use Areas to allow for the disposition of Crown lands for cottaging in the Township of Ear Falls.

Forest Management Planning The forest management planning process involves consideration of a wide range of values, including mineral values, in the context of forestry activities, and the relevance of legislation other than the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, such as the Mining Act. The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist provided input into the development of the following Forest Management Plans • Whitefeather Forest Management Plan 2022–2032 • Armstrong Forest Management Plan 2021–2031

In addition, the mining and exploration section of the draft Dryden 2021–2031 Forest Management Plan was reviewed with the Kenora District Geologist; no edits were necessary.

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist also provided information pertaining to road construction, road closures, water crossing decommissioning and slash pile burn plans to local District Geologists and Regional Resident Geologists so they could inform any applicable stakeholders. Information was provided for the Trout Lake, Lake Nipigon, Dog River–Matawin, Black Spruce, Boundary Waters, Dryden, English River and Wabigoon Forest Management Units.

50 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

Approved forest management plans, with detailed information about annual operations, including plans for creating new access routes or decommissioning existing routes, and maps showing forest access roads are posted on the MNRF Web site (https://nrip.mnr.gov.on.ca).

Far North Land Use Planning The Far North Land Use Planning Initiative is about working with First Nations to identify where development may occur and where land will be designated for protection in the Far North of Ontario. The Far North encompasses 42% of Ontario’s land mass in an area generally north of the areas where forest management planning is done (for the planning area boundary, see www.ontario.ca/rural-and-north/far-north- ontario). For detailed information about Far North Land Use Planning and the Far North Act, see www.ontario.ca/page/far-north-land-use-planning-initiative.

All but a few First Nation communities in the Far North are working on a range of land-use planning activities, although they are not all at the same stage in the planning process. In northwestern Ontario, ENDM has provided geoscience information to a number of communities working on gathering information for their planning areas, and learning about the land-use planning process, as listed in Table 13.

Table 13. Far North Act planning initiatives with ENDM, northwestern Ontario, 2020.

Completed Plan Pikangikum First Nation Cat Lake and Slate Falls First Nations (working jointly) Pauingassi First Nation Little Grand Rapids First Nation

Completed Draft Plan Deer Lake First Nation

Completed Terms of Reference Deer Lake First Nation Eabametoong and Mishkeegogamang First Nations (working jointly) Marten Falls First Nation* Mishi Sakahiganiing First Nation (McDowell Lake)* North Spirit Lake First Nation Peawanuck First Nation Wawakapewin First Nation Webequie First Nation* *Input provided in 2020

In 2020, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist • participated in Community-Based Land Use Planning discussions with MNRF and ENDM to discuss withdrawals, and areas of protection balanced with areas of mineral development for Webequie and Marten Falls First Nations; and • provided input to MNRF for the preparation of McDowell Lake First Nation draft plan regarding areas of high mineral potential.

In 2020, MNRF undertook a review of the Far North Act, during which time the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist provided support and input as needed. The proposed amendments were posted on the Environmental Registry of Ontario on November 30, 2020: a decision is expected for 2021.

51 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

Withdrawal Orders Other work related to Crown land use in the northwest region may include reviews of applications for withdrawal of lands from staking under Section 35 of the Mining Act. Applications may be for mining rights only, surface rights only and for both mining and surface rights. Reviews by the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist ensure that mineral potential, mineral sector activity and mining-related hazards are identified and considered before decisions are made. In 2020, there were no withdrawal orders received for the northwest.

Aggregates The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist ensured that mineral potential, mineral sector activity and mining-related hazards were identified and considered before decisions were made regarding 6 aggregate permit applications that were received in 2020. These applications were located in the Township of Sioux Narrows–Nestor Falls, and the geographic townships and areas of Rowe (District of Rainy River), Horne (District of Thunder Bay), Prideaux Lake Area (District of Kenora), Voltaire Lake Area (District of Thunder Bay) and Woodchuck Island Area (District of Rainy River). Information was also provided for 2 early consultations for aggregate permit application in the Township of Sioux Narrows–Nestor Falls and the geographic township of Rowe (District of Rainy River).

MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE LANDS The Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines supports municipal and private land use planning through the One Window Planning Service, led by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH), and through the Municipal Plan Review process where a municipality has approval authority. When requested, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist provides input into, and reviews, draft Official Plans, Official Plan Amendments, draft plans of subdivision and consent (severance) applications to ensure that provincial mineral interests, natural geological hazards and mining-related hazards are appropriately considered in the planning process.

Municipal Planning The Provincial Policy Statement (PPS), which guides municipal planning in Ontario, is issued under the provisions of the Planning Act. The PPS helps to ensure that municipal Official Plans recognize mining operations and areas with significant mineral potential, so that they can be protected from incompatible land uses. The PPS was last modified in 2020. There were no revisions in 2020 directly applicable to the review process of the Regional Land Use Geologist.

As a participant in MMAH’s One Window Planning Service for Official Plans and their amendments, the Regional Land Use Geologist provides comments, mineral values mapping and other input as required for Official Plans and Official Plan Amendments. Where a municipality has approval authority, ENDM participates in the Municipal Plan review directly with the municipality for Official Plan amendments and related planning initiatives.

In addition, reviews are completed, and information provided for pre-consultation for consent applications and formal consent applications, and plan of subdivision/condominium applications. Although such decisions are normally made by municipal governments, most of the area of the northwest region is outside of towns and cities. In the absence of a municipal government to manage planning decisions related to private land in those areas, decisions are made by the MMAH, with the support of partner ministries, including ENDM.

52 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

In 2020, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist provided maps, comments and other input as required for municipal planning activities that included • 46 consent (severance) and plan of subdivision/condominium applications, including early consultations, in 5 single-tier municipalities and 7 unorganized geographic townships or areas • 34 Official Plans and related planning initiatives (such as Offical Plan amendments, zoning by-laws, and minor variances) in 4 communities • 2 new draft Official Plans or Official Plan updates

The municipalities involved in these planning initiatives are listed below in Table 14.

Table 14. Municipal planning initiatives with ENDM input, northwestern Ontario, 2020.

Consent (Severance) and Subdivision/Condominium Applications Consent, Municipality of Oliver Paipoonge (24) Consent, City of Thunder Bay (9) Consent, Township of Conmee (1) Consent (early consultation), Township of Manitouwadge (1) Plan of condominium, Municipality of Shuniah (1) Consent, Gorham, District of Thunder Bay (2) Consent, Ware, District of Thunder Bay (2) Consent, Lyon, District of Thunder Bay (1) Consent (early consultation), Jacques, District of Thunder Bay (1) Consent, Van Horne, District of Kenora (1) Consent (early consultation), Winnipeg River, District of Kenora (2) Consent, Lake of the Woods, District of Kenora (1)

Official Plans and Related Initiatives Official Plan amendment, Municipality of Greenstone (1) Official Plan amendment (early consultation), Municipality of Shuniah (1) Official Plan amendment, Municipality of Shuniah (1) Minor variance, City of Thunder Bay (15) Zoning by-law amendment, City of Thunder Bay (11) Development agreement, City of Thunder Bay (1) Official Plan amendment, City of Thunder Bay (1) Minor variance, Municipality of Oliver Paipoonge (3)

Draft Official Plans and Official Plan Updates Kenora, City of Dorion, Township of

Exemptions from Mining Tax Section 189 (1) of the Mining Act allows owners of patented land to apply for exemption from paying mining tax. Key factors that are considered when applications are reviewed include whether or not the lands are being used for mining-related purposes, and whether or not there would be third-party interest in using the lands for mining-related purposes (e.g., the surrounding lands are being explored or the sites in question have provincially significant mineral potential). During 2020, 6 applications were reviewed for the northwest region. The locations were as follows Snowshoe Bay, District of Kenora (1); Unorganized Township of Crooks, District of Thunder Bay (1); Agate Cove, District of Thunder Bay (1); and Vert Island, District of Thunder Bay (3). Comments were provided to ENDM’s Mining Lands Section to be consolidated with other information for the Ministry’s consideration and decision.

53 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

FIRST NATIONS In addition to doing work related to Far North land-use planning, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist provided information on mineral occurrence sites, past or present mining and exploration activity, geology and mineral potential for 2 Treaty Land Entitlement Claim areas in northwestern Ontario. Information about the mineral potential evaluation process undertaken by the Regional Land Use Geologists using the Metallic Mineral Potential Estimation Tool (MMPET) was also provided to the Strategic Support Unit (ENDM). This information is being utilized to inform the Aboriginal Participation Fund Values Mapping program. The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist worked with staff from the Thunder Bay North and South Resident Geologist districts to provide geological information and a mineral exploration activity summary to Long Lake First Nation for their traditional land use area.

Other Activities

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist also undertook a number of additional activities in 2020, as outlined below.

CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS

Class Environmental Assessments (“Class EAs”) are documents that set out a standard environmental assessment process to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a project. There are currently 11 Class EAs in effect in Ontario (www.ontario.ca/page/class-environmental-assessments-approved-class-ea- information), relating to the development of new infrastructure, such as dams, transmission lines, pipelines, highway corridors, commuter rail stations and bus terminals, and sewer and water facilities; the establishment of new parks and conservation reserves; forest management plans; and Crown land dispositions. The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist worked with staff from MNRF and other ministries to ensure that relevant geoscience information and provincial mineral interests were identified and accommodated early in the planning process of projects subject to Class EAs. In 2020, feedback was provided for reviews of 10 documents related to the following 4 Class EA projects within northwestern Ontario: • Hydro One Networks Inc., Waasigan Transmission Line Project – Draft Terms of Reference; Proposed Terms of Reference • Marten Falls First Nation Community Access Road – Draft Terms of Reference; Draft Physiography, Geology, Geochemistry, Terrain and Soils Work Plan; Proposed Terms of Reference • Webequie First Nation Supply Road Project – Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines; Draft Geology, Terrain and Soils Work Plan; Draft Terms of Reference; Proposed Terms of Reference • GWP 6333-14-00 MTO Hewitson Creek Culvert Rehabilitation – worked with Mining Hazards Technical Specialist to provide information about an Abandoned Mines Information System (AMIS) site adjacent to the project area

In 2020, the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) undertook a review of the Class Environmental Assessment process. The proposed amendments to Class EAs and regulatory exemptions were reviewed by the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist. Input was provided to the Environmental Assessment Coordinator (ENDM), who co-ordinated ENDM’s response to MECP.

54 T.K. Pettigrew et al.

POLICY AND GUIDANCE

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist assisted staff from the Resident Geologist Program offices in Kenora, Red Lake, Thunder Bay South and Thunder Bay North with inquiries that included a land-use component. Land use–related inquiries from other ENDM branches, partner ministries and the general public, such as abandoned mines information, mineral potential and mining land status, were also addressed. Support was also provided to the Minister’s Office when requested.

Input was provided for the global consultation on Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA) of the United Nations Expert Group on Land Administration and Management. The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist reviewed the document and provided input that was incorporated into ENDM’s response to Natural Resources Canada.

CONFERENCES AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES

Because of public health restrictions that were implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, all Resident Geologist Program (RGP) staff worked remotely during the time period between March 16 and December 31, 2020. No conferences were attended by the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist in 2020. However, prior to March 16, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist attended the Science North Science Carnival, with the Thunder Bay North District Geologist, as a booth demonstrator on February 22, 2020.

MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOSCIENTIST ACTIVITIES— NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

The Mineral Deposit Compilation Geoscientists (MDCG) investigate and document mineral deposits and occurrences across the province. Through field visits, comprehensive literature research and personal research, they work with regional and district Resident Geologist Program staff to ensure that the Mineral Deposit Inventory (MDI) database is regularly updated. Regular updates are required to ensure that the Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines is using the most up-to-date information in making land-use planning and policy decisions and that mineral industry clients have access to comprehensive and up-to-date records. Records for certain areas are reviewed and updated in support of bedrock mapping and other field work conducted by the Earth Resources and Geoscience Mapping Section (ERGMS) of the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS). For 2020, Therese Pettigrew was the northwestern Ontario MDCG. The MDI database is a dynamic compilation of over 19 200 records describing most of the known mineral occurrences in Ontario. It is an important reference tool for explorationists interested in exploring and acquiring mining properties in Ontario. When used in conjunction with other spatial databases generated by the Ontario Geological Survey, it provides additional tools for making mineral discoveries in Ontario. During much of the year, focus was placed on updating MDI records that did not have exploration histories yet entered, as well as ensuring that production information for producing mines is current and complete. As listed below, MDI records for the following townships or areas were updated and/or added to the MDI database.

• Kenora District: Bennett, Bennett Lake, Bliss Lake, Carpenter, Dash Lake, Dunne Lake, Echo, English Bay, Ewart, Fourbay Lake, Glass, GTP Block 7, Handcuff Lake, Hartman, Kabik Lake, Lash, Lval, Little Turtle Lake, Lomond, Lower Manitou Lake, Moosin Bay, Parnes Lake, Penassi Lake, Pickerel, Press Lake, Shoal Lake, Six Mile Lake, Snowshoe Bay, Squash Lake, Valora Lake, Vermilion, Webb, Zealand

55 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

• Red Lake District: Baird, Ball, Balmer, Bateman, Curie Lake, Dixie Lake, Dome, Fairlie, Ferdinand Lake, Hewitt Lake, Heyson, Killala, McDonough, Mulcahy, Setting Net Lake, Shabu Lake, Todd • Thunder Bay North District: BMA 527 861, Caley Lake, Elmhirst, Little Oching Lake, Matapesatakun Bay, Maun Lake, O Sullivan Lake, Rickaby • Thunder Bay South District: Dorion, Factor Lake, Glen, Greenwich Lake, Lambert Island, MacGregor, McTavish, Onion Lake, Tartan Lake, Weaver Lake

Total contributions to the MDI database completed by the northwestern Ontario MDCG in 2020 included 568 updated records, 54 deleted records and 63 new records. Deletion of an MDI record occurs when there is a duplication of data or where similar occurrences are within 400 m of each other. A breakdown, by district, of the MDI records revised by the northwestern Ontario Mineral Deposit Compilation Geoscientist is provided in Table 15.

Table 15. Mineral Deposit Inventory records revision in northwestern Ontario in 2020.

District Updates Deletions New Kenora 231 26 19 Red Lake 205 15 11 Thunder Bay North 42 3 16 Thunder Bay South 90 10 17 Total 568 54 63

The publicly available version of the MDI database is updated monthly and is available from the OGS online data warehouse, GeologyOntario (www.ontario.ca/geology). The Mineral Deposit Inventory can also be viewed geographically using the OGSEarth application (www.ontario.ca/ogsearth), which helps users discover data through the Google Earth™ mapping service. The activity reports on mineral exploration, available using the OGSEarth application, includes monthly and year-to-date listings of the MDI records that have been updated.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA SPECIALISTS ACTIVITIES—NORTHWESTERN AND NORTHEASTERN ONTARIO

The Geographic Information System (GIS) Data Specialists, based out of Thunder Bay and Timmins, design and construct electronically derived maps, graphs, tables and other graphics for land-use planning purposes, geoscience compilations, reports, posters, displays and presentations. The northwestern Ontario GIS Data Specialist position was staffed by Genevieve Dorland and northeastern Ontario position staffed by Curtis Patterson for 2020. They provide ongoing support and maintenance for the Resident Geologist Program by co-ordinating the design and implementation of geoscience data standards for all program offices.

Existing Data Products

ONTARIO ASSESSMENT FILE DATABASE AND ONTARIO DRILL HOLE DATABASE

The Ontario Assessment File Database (OAFD) and Ontario Drill Hole Database (ODHD) are updated on a continual basis by RGP staff using the Ontario Mineral Exploration Information System (OMEIS). An intranet-based application launched in 2018, OMEIS is used by RGP and Mining Lands staff to maintain and update assessment file and drill-hole data. New assessment files and related drill-hole information are

56 T.K. Pettigrew et al. added to the database as soon as the files are received from Mining Lands. Updates to existing data are made on an ongoing basis. These updates can include corrections to address errors reported by clients or other ENDM staff, or improvements, such as the addition of details that had not been captured for older files. Updated information and new files are accessible through the GeologyOntario search tool within 24 hours. Most of the data entry is carried out by the District Geological Assistants. The GIS Data Specialists are responsible for the administration of OMEIS, the creation of GIS data for the new files and for drill holes, as well as corrections to existing assessment file polygons. The GIS Data Specialists extract the tabular and spatial data at the beginning of each month and compile updates for OAFD and ODHD for release each as 1) a graphical interface or data layer (keyhole mark-up language (.kml) files) through OGSEarth (www.ontario.ca/ogsearth), which can be viewed using user- friendly geographic information programs, such as Google Earth™ mapping service; and 2) a compressed (.zip) downloadable file on GeologyOntario (www.ontario.ca/geology). A summary of new items added and existing items updated in 2020 is provided in Table 16.

Table 16. Ontario Mineral Exploration Information System (OMEIS) statistics for 2020.

File Type New Files Existing Files New Drill Holes Existing Drill Holes Added Updated Added Updated Approved Assessment 444 2665 4782 1462 Non-Assessment Exploration Work 512 17 400 0 Total 956 2682 5182 1462

New Data Products

OGSFocus

The GIS Data Specialists were involved in the development of OGSFocus: a new series of data sets that quantify data from the Ontario Assessment File Database (OAFD), the Ontario Drill Hole Database (ODHD) and the Mineral Deposit Inventory (MDI). A score based on the quantity of data available is assigned to each cell in the Mining Lands Administration System (MLAS) provincial grid along with a relative data rating. The resulting “Data Rating Grids” provide a visual representation of the quantity of data available. OGSFocus layers can be used to draw attention to areas that are available for claim acquisition, and where considerable historical exploration has occurred. The “Data Hot Spots” layer highlights significant contiguous areas with robust data that are available for acquisition. Each “Data Hot Spot” and “Data Rating Grid” cell is linked to a summary of data available in that area. OGSFocus is available as a data layer (.kml file) through OGSEarth (www.ontario.ca/ogsearth), which can be viewed using Google Earth™ mapping service; and in GIS format as a compressed (.zip) downloadable file. OGSFocus is updated bi-weekly.

PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS GEODATABASE

Starting in the 1960s, the RGP has included “Property Examinations” as an integral part of its annual Reports of Activities. The articles are based on field visits by RGP geologists and capture exploration history, significant assay results and geological summaries for specific properties and/or mineral occurrences. They provide third-party geological interpretations from the field visit and often provide recommendations to guide further exploration work. The GIS Data Specialists assisted in the creation of a geodatabase containing locations and attributes for 872 property examination articles encompassed by the Thunder Bay North, Thunder Bay South, Kenora and Red Lake districts. Work is currently underway to compile and eventually add property examinations from the other RGP districts to the geodatabase. Data include location information, Web links to each property examination article, a listing of associated

57 THUNDER BAY NORTH DISTRICT—2020

MDI points, OGS geoscience report and Assessment File references, and information about the availability of assay data. The Property Examination Articles geodatabase is available as a compressed data layer (.kmz file) through OGSEarth (www.ontario.ca/ogsearth).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Mark Puumala (Senior Manager (Acting), RGP–OGS), Robert Cundari (Northwest Regional Manager (Acting), RGP–OGS) and staff of the Publication Services Unit, OGS, edited this manuscript. Mateo Dorado-Troughton tabulated plans, permit and assessment file data, as well as contributing “Recommendation for Exploration” “Property Examination Geodatabase”. Genevieve Dorland produced the map figures. Contributions provided by Scott Burgess and staff, Mineral Development and Lands Branch, and Brad Dragon, Rehabilitation and Compliance Section, ENDM, are greatly appreciated. Prospectors and company personnel are also thanked for their contributions and assistance throughout the year.

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62 Metric Conversion Table

Conversion from SI to Imperial Conversion from Imperial to Sl SI Unit Multiplied by Gives Imperial Unit Multiplied by Gives LENGTH 1 mm 0.039 37 inches 1 inch 25.4 mm 1 cm 0.393 70 inches 1 inch 2.54 cm 1 m 3.280 84 feet 1 foot 0.304 8 m 1 m 0.049 709 chains 1 chain 20.116 8 m 1 km 0.621 371 miles (statute) 1 mile (statute) 1.609 344 km AREA 1 cm2 0.155 0 square inches 1 square inch 6.451 6 cm2 1 m2 10.763 9 square feet 1 square foot 0.092 903 04 m2 1 km2 0.386 10 square miles 1 square mile 2.589 988 km2 1 ha 2.471 054 acres 1 acre 0.404 685 6 ha VOLUME 1 cm3 0.061 023 cubic inches 1 cubic inch 16.387 064 cm3 1 m3 35.314 7 cubic feet 1 cubic foot 0.028 316 85 m3 1 m3 1.307 951 cubic yards 1 cubic yard 0.764 554 86 m3 CAPACITY 1 L 1.759 755 pints 1 pint 0.568 261 L 1 L 0.879 877 quarts 1 quart 1.136 522 L 1 L 0.219 969 gallons 1 gallon 4.546 090 L MASS 1 g 0.035 273 962 ounces (avdp) 1 ounce (avdp) 28.349 523 g 1 g 0.032 150 747 ounces (troy) 1 ounce (troy) 31.103 476 8 g 1 kg 2.204 622 6 pounds (avdp) 1 pound (avdp) 0.453 592 37 kg 1 kg 0.001 102 3 tons (short) 1 ton(short) 907.184 74 kg 1 t 1.102 311 3 tons (short) 1 ton (short) 0.907 184 74 t 1 kg 0.000 984 21 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1016.046 908 8 kg 1 t 0.984 206 5 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1.016 046 9 t CONCENTRATION 1 g/t 0.029 166 6 ounce (troy) / 1 ounce (troy) / 34.285 714 2 g/t ton (short) ton (short) 1 g/t 0.583 333 33 pennyweights / 1 pennyweight / 1.714 285 7 g/t ton (short) ton (short) OTHER USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS Multiplied by 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 31.103 477 grams per ton (short) 1 gram per ton (short) 0.032 151 ounces (troy) per ton (short) 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 20.0 pennyweights per ton (short) 1 pennyweight per ton (short) 0.05 ounces (troy) per ton (short)

Note: Conversion factors in bold type are exact. The conversion factors have been taken from or have been derived from factors given in the Metric Practice Guide for the Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Industries, published by the Mining Association of Canada in co-operation with the Coal Association of Canada.

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ISSN 1484-9429 (print) ISBN 978-1-4868-5028-0 (print) ISSN 1916-6176 (online) ISBN 978-1-4868-5029-7 (PDF))