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RESPUBLIC of AZERBAIJAN on the Rights of the Manusctipt ABSTRACT RESPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN On the rights of the manusctipt ABSTRACT dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy HYDROLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE BAKU BAY CONTAMINATION Speciality: 5406.01 - Hydrology Field of science: Geography Applicant: Balakhanym Arif kizi Agharzayeva Baku – 2021 The work was performed at National Aerospace Agency, The Institute of Ecology in “Aerospace monitoring of water reservoirs and the Caspian Sea” department Scientific supervisor: Doctor of Geographical Sciences, professor Telman Magomet oglu Tatarayev Official opponents: doctor of geographical sciences, professor Rza Nadir oglu Mahmudov doctor of geographical sciences Vagif Agha Ali oglu Mammadov candidate of geographical sciences Rustam Fahreddin oglu Racabov Dissertation council ED 1.23 of Supreme Attestation Commission Under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan operating at Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography named acad. H.A. Aliyev Chairman of the Dissertation council: academic, professor Ramiz Mahmud oglu Mammadov Scientific secretary of the Dissertation council: candidate of geographical sciences, associate professor Zaur Tahir oglu Imrani Chairman of the scientific seminar: doctor of geographical sciences, associate professor Zakir Namin oglu Eminov 2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WORK The relevance of the theme and the degree of development. Baku Bay occupies a special place in the Caspian Sea by its geographical position.The shallowness, semi-closure, specific natural conditions, limited water exchange with the open sea, exposure to sweep and wind surge, and excitement distinguish this water area from other areas of the Caspian Sea.The study of climate variability, the hydrometeorological regime, hydrological conditions, and the ecological status of the Baku Bay is very important. In this water area is the largest port and city on the Caspian Sea – Baku. Baku port is the largest industrial center and transportation center in the Caspian Sea. The presence of islands in this area changes the structure of the hydrophysical areas.Absheron Peninsula affects the wind area and causes an orographic effect, ie strengthening of north and south winds. Considering that there are exploited oil and gas fields and transportation communication in the region, it is clear that Baku port, Baku Bay area is under constant environmental stress.At present, there is an urgent need to examine the spatial and temporal variability of the main hydrophysical areas and the ecological status of Baku sheep, given the increased oil and gas production. The contamination problem of the marine area of Baku Bay, which poses an environmental hazard to the area near the Boulevard, continues. Therefore, pollution control of Baku Bay is of great importance for Baku Boulevard, where many residents and visitors of the city are rested. The purpose and objectives of the study: The aim of the thesis is the geographical conditions, the structure of thehydro-physical fields, the assessment of the ecological state and the search for methods to control the state of the bay according to the observations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were formulated: 3 − to analyze physical and geographical conditions and structures of main hydro-physical areas of Baku-Bay; − investigate the structure of the wind field over the Baku bay; − to assess the hydrological condition in the bay based on observational data taken at various points in the Baku bay; − to evaluate the basic characteristics of the turbulence of the flow in the Baku Bay according to instrumental observations; − make model calculations on the spread of pollutants in the Baku Bay; − to analyze the distribution of lands in the territory of the Baku Bay; − to investigate the ecological state of the waters of the Baku Bay and to group the water area by pollution (phenols, NU, SAL). Research methods. While performing the frequency, statistical analysis methods of observational data and spectral analysis of flows, as well as marine turbulence were applied. In addition, natural modeling and aerial photography methods were used in the sea. Database research. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the State Committee of Statistics of the Republic of Azerbaijan and materials of the foundation of the Institute of Geography named after acad. G.A.Aliev, as well as personal materials collected by the author in 2010-2018. Basic provisions for defense: 1. The results of the analysis of the wind regime and temperature field in the Baku Bay according to instrumental observations. 2. Space-time structure of currents according to instrumental observations. 4 3. Wind swell data in Baku Bay and wind sweeps, and surge data from observations and compilation. 4. Results of model calculations for the spread of pollutants in the Baku Bay. 5. Comparative-time analysis of the ecological status and zoning of pollution of the Baku Bay water area. Scientific innovations of research: 1. Based on the data of long-term observations conducted in different points of the Baku Bay, the hydrological conditions of the water area were estimated.It was revealed that the temperature regime of the Caspian Sea, in particular the Baku Bay, is formed under the influence of the variability of the components of the heat balance, since the proximity of the coast, shallow water, the presence of islands formed as a result of sea level increases the dependence of water temperature on air temperature 2.According to instrumental observations, the main directions of flow have been determined for various meteorological conditions, at different depths. 3. It was determined that currents of two opposite directions are mainly observed in the Baku Bay: north and south. At the exit from the bay, the currents are mainly directed to the south, while northern currents prevail in the central part and on the coasts. And also at the selected observation points, the repeatability of the direction of currents in percent was determined. 4. Model calculations of the spread of pollutants in various hydro meteorological conditions in the Baku Bay are carried out. 5. According to the distribution of the characteristics of the hydrochemical indicators of the quality of water and soils in the water area of the Baku Bay, its ecological state is zoned. Research theory and practical significance: The results of the thesis can be used in the organization of complex monitoring of the water area of the Baku Bay of the Caspian Sea. In addition, they are important for the forecast of 5 hydrometeorological conditions in the Baku Bay, as well as the peculiarities of the ecological state in certain areas of the Bay. Realization of work results. The main results of the thesis were reported at the seminars of the Institute of Ecology of NASA, in the department “Center of Problems of the Caspian Sea” of the Institute of Geography of ANAS, as well as at the following international conferences and symposia: − International scientific-practical conference“Emergencies and the environment”, Baku, 15-16.12.2009; − International scientific-practical conference “Modern problems of remote sensing of the Earth from space”, Moscow, Institute of Space Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 15- 19.11.2010; − International scientific-practical conferenceOpen Joint Stock Company "Azersu" of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 14.11.2011; − International scientific-practical conference “Innovative Development of Corporate Governance and Economics”, Baku, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Scientific Innovation Center, 31.03.2011; − International scientific-practical conference “Interaction of local executive authorities and municipalities in preparing communities for protection of population, economy and environment”, Baku, 15-16.11.2011; − International scientific-practical conference “Increasing stability, the readiness of the community to emergency situations, and the rise of risk culture among the population in regions most affected by natural disasters”, Baku, 19-20.11.2012; − International scientific-practical conference “Risk assessment and safety issues in the construction industry”, Baku, 25-26.04.2013; − International scientific-practical conference “Modern problems and ecology of water management, engineering 6 communication systems”, Baku, Azerbaijan Architectural and Construction University, 2014. The results of the work were implemented during the implementation of planned research work carried out at the Institute of Ecology of the National Aerospace Agency, as well as in the department "Center for Caspian Sea Problems" of the Institute of Geography of ANAS. On the topic of the dissertation, 24 publications have been published. The dissertation work was carried out at the Institute of Ecology, the Institute of Space Research of Natural Resources of the National Aerospace Agency, as well as in the department “Center for the Problems of the Caspian Sea” of the Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences. Structure and scope of work: The dissertation consists of an introduction, 4 chapters, the conclusion, a list of literature used in 113 names and an appendix. Introduction includes 6 pages, the 1st chapter includes 34pages, the 2nd – 29 pages, the 3rd – 23 pages, 4th– 60 pages, and the work totally – 200390 symbols. SUMMARY OF THE WORK In the introduction of the work the validity of the dissertation topic
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