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Record of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus Roseus) in Reservoirs of Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Record of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus Roseus) in Reservoirs of Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh, India JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH Journal homepage: www.jakraya.com/journal/jwr ORIGINAL ARTICLE Record of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus ) in Reservoirs of Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Akhilesh Kumar, Sonika Kushwaha * and Abhishek Namdev Indian Biodiversity Conservation Society-Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. Abstract Counts and monitoring of the Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus ) in reservoirs of Lalitpur have been carried out since 2015. Despite *Corresponding Author: the sporadic nature of the counts, the available data indicate the nomadic Sonika Kushwaha nature of this species within the water bodies of Lalitpur. In Lalitpur district Email: [email protected] 6 sites had Greater flamingos. For three years, the lowest number of birds recorded was 77 at Sajnam Reservoir, and the highest, 616 at Rajghat Reservoir. The total population of the Greater Flamingo for 3 years (2017- Received: 15/03/2019 2019) is 1695±10 birds. Conservation efforts in Lalitpur should include the Accepted: 24/03/2019 regular monitoring and controlled human activities around the aquatic systems. Keywords: Greater Flamingo, Reservoir, Conservation. 1. Introduction secondary wing feathers (Unger and Elston, 2009). Lalitpur the southernmost district of Uttar Sexes alike, female smaller and generally with less Pradesh is known as the city of dams because of the pronounced rose colour (Fig 1). In flight, the long neck large number of reservoirs. These reservoirs are known and legs stretched to full length with contrasting black to supports rich faunal biodiversity specially the winter and scarlet under wing (Fig 2). Juvenile are Greyish- migratory birds. In one of the reservoirs, Govind Sagar brown with brownish bill and dark plumbeous legs. Six 74 water bird species have been reported in a study species of flamingos are found in the world. In India (Kumar et al ., 2016). Every year various organizations only two species are found- The Greater and the Lesser and forest department conduct surveys and celebrate Flamingo. The largest and most widespread species in various days such as Bird Watching day and World the world is the Greater Flamingo, standing up to 120 Wetlands Day to welcome the winter migratory birds cm to 150 cm (3 ft 11 inches to 4 ft 11 inches) tall and and also to create awareness amongst the people weighing up to 3.5 kg (Allen, 1956). In India, the (Chauhan et al., 2018). However, the sightings of Greater Rann of Kutch is their breeding ground (Ali Greater Flamingos ( Phoenicopterus roseus ), the State and Ripley, 1987; Rasmussen and Anderton, 2012). In Bird of Gujarat have been a reason of curiosity winters they are widespread visitors in the plains amongst the local people. (Grimmett et al., 2011). Flamingos are known to utilize the uninterrupted shallow regions of inland wetlands, 1.1 Classification tidal mudflats, lagoons, estuaries, lakes, large alkaline • Kingdom: Animalia lakes, open shores, and salt pans (Ramesh and • Phylum: Chordata Ramachandran, 2005) for roosting and nesting. According to IUCN Red List it is categorized as Least • Class: Aves Concern (Bird Life International, 2019). However it is • Order: Phoenicopteriformes included in the India’s National Action Plan for • Family: Phoenicopteridae Conservation of Migratory Birds and their habitats • Genus: Phoenicopterus along Central Asian Flyway (CAF) by Ministry of • Species: roseus Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF and CC), Government of India (CAF National Action Plan 1.2 Identifying Features 2018 - India). Greater Flamingo is one of the priority These are one of the most easily identifiable species of Bombay Natural History Society. It birds, with their long necks and legs, atypical thick organized the first National level coordinated Flamingo lamellate bill shape, and their plumage varying from Count for both Greater (Phoenicopterus rosues ) and pale pink to red or orange with black primary and Lesser (Phoeniconaias minor ) flamingos on 23 rd -24 th – Journal of Wildlife Research | January-March, 2019 | Volume 07 | Issue 01 | Pages 11-15 © 2019 Jakraya Kumar et al...Record of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) in Reservoirs of Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh, India February, 2019. There is scarce data related to the forms the district's southeastern boundary. In Lalitpur 6 distribution and migration of Greater Flamingos in sites had Greater flamingos (Table 1 and Fig 3). India (Rao, 1983; Singh, 1987; Ramesh and Ramachandran, 2005), moreover Uttar Pradesh have Table 1: Site details in Lalitpur been no studies so far. For this reason, this research article intends to report the sites of Greater flamingos S. no Reservoir GPS coordinates River/Area in Lalitpur district that is to a certain extent 1 Matatila N 25°05 ′53.92 ″ Betwa E 078°22 ′22.43 ″ unexpected. 2 Shahzad N 24°56 ′53.53 ″ Shahzad/Length E 078°28 ′03.83 ″ 4160m 3 Sajnam N 25°44 ′14.29 ″ Sajnam/Length E 079°03 ′15.32 ″ 4524m 4 Jamini N 24°22 ′00.57 ″ Jamini/Length E 078°41 ′13.25 ″ 6400m 5 Govind N 24°38 ′47.58 ″ Shahzad/Length Sagar E 078°26 ′55.59 ″ 3606m 6 Rajghat N 24°37 ′25.00 ″ Betwa Dam E 078°19 ′30.24 ″ 2. Methodology From December 2017 to February 2019, the IBCS team visited all possible wetlands of Lalitpur district. Survey work was carried out from 9 AM in the Fig 1: Adult Greater Flamingo. morning till 5 PM in the evening. Observations were made along line transects with the aid of 10x50 mm binoculars and Canon 7D SLR Camera. Point count stations were made within the study plot either in a systematic manner or in a random manner. GPS was recorded with 20e-trex. The distance between the two points was at least 200 meters. Photographs of birds and their habitat were taken in most cases. Secondary data was also collected from volunteers and local people. 3. Results and Discussion According to the surveys done, the Greater Fig 2: Flamingos in flight. Flamingos are the winter visitors in Lalitpur. Previously, Greater flamingos were observed only at 1.3 Study Area Govind Sagar reservoir because of its location close to Lalitpur district lies in the southern Uttar Lalitpur city and, these birds were considered winter Pradesh that comes in Bundelkhand region separated stragglers, or mainly passage migrants. With later by the Vindhyan ranges. The area with poor soil cover observations it was found that the Greater flamingos and uncertain rainfall has limited agricultural are winter migrants in Lalitpur districts. They are development (CSE, 1999; Singh, 1989). It comes in known to be regular winter visitors, in huge flocks, to semi-arid climatic zone. The water sources are the south-eastern coasts of India, migrating from deficient. The forest cover of Uttar Pradesh accounts Gujarat over peninsular India (Nagarajan and for about 5.71 percent of the total 240,928 km 2 Thiyagesan, 1996; Balachandran, 2006, 2012) but are geographic area. Lalitpur district has 11.07 percent rare winter visitors in Uttar Pradesh. So far flamingos forest cover within its 5039 km 2 of geographic area. have been reported only from few places in Uttar The undulating topography has an elevation ranging Pradesh such as Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Dhanauri from 350 to 650 m above mean sea level (Farooqui, wetlands and Govind Sagar reservoir in Lalitpur 2011). The Average rainfall per year is 800-900 mm (Kumar et al., 2016). In Uttar Pradesh, these birds are and dry months in a year may range between 3 mm to 7 reported from December to February, which mm. The highest temperature is 48 °C in summers. The demonstrates their wintering preference. The present northern and western boundaries of Lalitpur are formed study shows the presence of Greater Flamingos at six by the Betwa River. The Jamni River, a tributary of the reservoirs in Lalitpur district (Table 2). For three years, Betwa, forms the eastern boundary. The Dhasan River the lowest number of birds recorded was 77 at Sajnam Reservoir, and the highest, 616 at Rajghat Reservoir. Journal of Wildlife Research | January-March, 2019 | Volume 07 | Issue 01 | Pages 11-15 © 2019 Jakraya 12 Kumar et al...Record of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) in Reservoirs of Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Fig 3: Map of study area (Source: Google Earth). The mean, variance and population standard number of individuals of Greater Flamingos within and deviation was calculate for Greater Flamingos at all the among lakes (Kumssa and Bekele, 2014). five sites (Table 2). At Matatila reservoir, 28 flamingos Greater Flamingos are generalists consuming were reported during the summers in 2018. Flamingos copepods, mollusks, and other small planktonic and foraged in various parts of the reservoirs particularly benthic animals in addition to algae (Childress et al., the shallow areas (Fig 4). No observations were 2008). They filter the invertebrates from water or mud undertaken at night due to lack of facilities. Greater over a large range of habitats (Zweers et al ., 1995). Flamingos avoided the mudflats of reservoirs. The Phytoplankton and larvae are a rich source of food for birds rested on the shores of reservoirs during the benthic fauna, which form a major part of a Flamingo’s midday and foraged during late morning and evening. diet (Ramesh and Ramachandran, 2005). Flamingos are Feeding opportunities may be one of the major reasons social birds that form large foraging flocks, which can for the abundance of Greater Flamingos in the be interpreted as a consequence of the high patchiness reservoirs of Lalitpur (Fig 5a-c). Any habitat that of food distribution. The reservoirs in
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