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Nolichucky River

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Nolichucky River DRAFT· wild and scenic river study january 1980 NOLICHUCKY RIVER NORTH CAROliNA/TENNESSEE AS THE NATION'S PRINCIPAL CONSEHVATION AGENCY, THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAS BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES FOR WATER, FISH, WILDLIFE, MINERAL, LAND, PARK AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES. INDIAN P,ND TERRITORIAL AFFAIRS ARE OTHER MAJOR CONCERNS OF AMERICA'S "DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES." THE DEPARTMENT WORKS TO ASSURE THE WISEST CHOICE IN MANAGING ALL OUR RESOURCES SO EACH WIU MAKE ITS FULL CONTRIBUTION TO A BEITER UNITED STATES NOW AND tN THE FUTURE. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary United States Department of the Interior OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240 APR 16 1SbtJ Honorable Douglas M. Castle Administrator Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 Dear Mr. Castle: In accordance with the prov~s~ons of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (82 Stat. 906) copies of the Department's draft report on the Nolichucky River are enclosed for your review and comment. As provided in Section 4(b) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, your views on the report will accompany it when transmitted to the President and Congress. The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act provides for a review period of up to 90 days for the draft report. In order to expedite the study process, we would appreciate receiving your comments within 45 days of the date of this letter. The National Park Service is providing staff assistance on this proposal and can provide any further information you need to complete your review. Please contact Mr. Robert Eastman of that agency (telephone 202/343-5213) if you have any questions. Sincerely, .:;CJ F. l bles A~ting Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks Enclosures .. 11 I l DRAFT THE NOLICHUCKY RIVER A WILD AND SCENIC RIVER' STUDY Southeast Region NATIONAL PARK SERVICE January, 1980 THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED PURSUANT TO PUBLIC LAW 90-542, THE WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS ACT, AS AMENDED. PUBLICATION OF THE FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS HERliN SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING EITHER THE APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO PROVIDE THE INFORMATION AND ALTERNATIVES FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, AND OTHER FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Findings, Recommendations, and Summary 1-1 II. Introduction 2-1 Acknowledgements 2-4 III. Description of the Study Area 3-1 Location 3-1 Watershed 3-1 Physiography and Geology 3-4 Soils 3-7 Mineral Resources 3-11 Climate 3-13 Air Quality 3-15 Population 3-15 Economy 3-17 Land-Use 3-22 Transportation Systems 3-25 Fish and Wildlife Resources 3-27 Vegetation 3-29 Archeology and History 3-30 Recreational Resources 3-32 IV. Description of the River Corridor 4-1 Streamflow 4-14 Water Quality 4-14 Navigability and Riparian Rights 4-19 Landownership 4-22 Access to the River 4-23 Recreation Use of the River 4-24 Potential Non-Recreational Use of the Nolichucky's Water Resources 4-25 Land Values and Other Costs 4-26 V. Criteria and Study Findings 5-l Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 5-l Guidelines 5-2 Evaluation of the River's Qualities by Segments 5-2 General Assessment of River's Qualifications 5-6 i Page VI. Suggested Action Plan 6-1 VII. Appendix 7-1 Letters of Review 7-1 Glossary of Geologic Terms 7-2 Geology - Stratographic Units 7-6 Structural Developments in the Nolichucky River Corridor - HCRS Inventory Evaluation 7-7 Sites on the National Register of Historic Places 7-9 Rafting, Article on the Nolichucky Gorge 7-11 i i MAPS Map Number Title 1 National Wild and Scenic River System and Potential Additions v 2 Location Map Viii 3 River Basin 3-2 4 Physiographic Provinces 3-4 5 General Soils Map 3-8 6 Mineral Resources and Mining Activities 3-12 7 Land-Use 3-24 8 Transportation Facilities 3-25 9 Tennessee Valley Region 3-26 10 Regional Recreation Resources 3-33 11 State/National Wild and Scenic Rivers 3-37 12 a-h Section Map - Nolichucky River 4-5 - 4-12 FIGURES Figure Number Title Page 1 River Profile 3-3 2 Water Quality - Point Sources in North Carolina 4-17 3 Water Quality - Point Sources in Tennessee 4-18 4 Graph of Structural Development Points 7-8 iii TABLES Table Number Title 1 Value of Minerals Extracted in Mitchell, Yancey, and Avery Counties, 1968-1973 3-13 2 U.S. Weather Bureau Mean Temperature and Percipitation Data 3-14 3 Populations for North Carolina, Tennessee and the Nolichucky River Study Area 3-16 4 Projected Population of Nolichucky River Seven-County Study Area 3-17 5 Employment of Persons Over 16 by Industry for Counties in the Study Area 3-19 6 Population; Employment; Personal Income; and Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Total Earnings, Nolichucky River Study Area, Selected Years, 1969-2020 3-20 7 Farm Operators, Tenure and Characteristics, All Farms, Nolichucky River Study Area, 1969 3-21 8 Projected Market Va 1ue of Major· Commodity Sales Nolichucky River Study, Area, Selected Years 3-22 9 Land Use in the Nolichucky River Study Area 3-23 10 Physical Characteristics of the Nolichucky River 4-2 11 Flow Extremes (c.f.s.) of the Nolichucky River Recorded at U.S. Geological Survey Gauging Stations 4-13 12 Water Quality Criteria and Field Sampling Data 4-16 iv I NATIONAL wiLD-A~vn-SCENiC RIVERs sYsiEM I As Authorized by P.L. 90-542 ·----------·----------As Amended ----- I ·-··-·.f I .r{IJEN!CiK, K. fl. • xote: fma not u~aHHea \ JllE6HEHT l.. rl ~· cw:ox j . < lDDIUiiKE'it.e \ ~mm llU&IU \ \ ,_,..,,.~;:£1,•10!0!1 "'-lTI®i]lliilliD - SIUOY lK PROSRESS LllliHEMfltl DR SIUDY IIS1'0MS!3!LJJT * mr of lo!erl&r • Oepl ar Wicui!Ur2 * Stale/lOCal I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau· of Outdoor Recreation October 1977 ---------------· -- ~- -------- --- - --- ~------------- KEY MAP AMERICAN ENKA PLANT & DAM MAP TWO LOCATION MAP THE NOLICHUCKY RIVER WILD AND SCENIC RIVER. ?TUDY 15 zo MILES. SCALE ~~~~~====~'0----~==~· - ,J USDI NPS October 1978 viii I .. I. FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY Findings The study of the Nolichucky River and its environs produced the following findings: 1. The Nolichucky gorge between Poplar, North Carolina, and Unaka Springs, Tennessee, has outstanding scenic and geologic values but the segment is too short--(8 miles) for it to stand alone as a suitable addition to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Furthermore, the scenic values of this segment have been significantly diminished by a railroad line constructed by cut-and-fill along the entire length of the south bank of this segment. The water quality of this part of the river is dependent upon that of the segment above and its tributaries and is at times below acceptable standards. 2. The gorge offers outstandiJI_g_rec~':l_~]__o.ppart•mities_ for boating and rafting in a relatively remote setting. There is no access to the gorge between its upper and lower ends except on foot. The rail­ road, through its summer excursion trains, provides a passing view of the gorge without stopping. 3. Because of the difficulty of traversing the gorge by boat or raft during high flows, the absence of suitable boat put-in and take-out facilities, the hazards of walking the well-used railroad line and trestles, and the absence of roads for emergency uses, the gorge presents certain problems for public recreational use and safety. Federal landownership and present Federal programs make it possible for Federal agencies to take appropriate action to improve conditions for public use and safety as well as for protection and preservation of the scenic values of the gorge corridor. 4. The ~olichucky River~ with the exception of the gorge, does not possess the outstandingly remarKable values required by the Wild and Scen1c R1vers Act. Poor water quality in the upper river, extensive modification of the streamside lands for agriculture, and buildings and other structures reduce the qualities of the river to below the standards set for wild and scenic river areas. 5. The Nolichucky River, exclusive of the gorge segment, offers important recreational opportunities. Its recreational potential for boating, fishing and other purposes is sufficient to warrant the attention of State and Federal agencies having programs that can be used to improve conditions along the riverway. 1-1 Recommendations and Conclusions Based on the finding that the Nolichucky River does not possess the outstanding qualities required of units of the Wild and Scenic Rivers System the following recommendations are made with respect to the river: 1. No action should be taken to include the Nolichucky River in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System under· the provisions of Section 3(a) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. '~· The U.S. Forest Service, as principal landowner in the gorge area, should provide for protection and preservation of the scenic and other natural values of the gorge between the railroad bridge below Poplar, North Carolina, and the railroad bridge above Unaka Springs, Tennessee. Furthermore, the Forest Service, in cooperation with the respective States and the private organizations using the gorge, should take such appropriate action as will enhance public use of and safety in the gorge. 3. The Tennessee Valley Authority and the U.S. forest Service, in cooperation with State, local, and privat~ agencies, should take such action as may be feasible and appropriate to provide public access points and facilities near the beginn·ing and ending points of the gorge and at any other suitable points along the river to provide for the public use of the river.
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