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Oglądaj/Otwórz Studia nad cywilizacją żydowską w Polsce edited by Michał Galas Institute of Jewish Studies, Jagiellonian University pod redakcją Michała Galasa Instytut Judaistyki, Uniwersytet Jagielloński W ostatnich kilku dekadach nastąpił w Polsce, ale także w Izraelu, USA i innych krajach, rozwój studiów nad historią i kulturą Żydów polskich i relacjami polsko- -żydowskimi. Niniejsza seria wydawnicza „Studies in Jewish Civilization in Poland – Studia nad cywilizacją żydowską w Polsce” powstała, aby prezentować badania pol- skich uczonych międzynarodowemu środowisku akademickiemu i promować osiąg- nięcia w tej dziedzinie powstałe w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim. Seria ukazuje się dzięki wsparciu Pracowni Badań nad Historią i Kulturą Żydów w Polsce i Relacjami Polsko-Żydowskimi im. Marcella i Marii Roth w Instytucie Judaistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Serdecznie zapraszamy Autorów zainteresowanych publikacją swoich badań w ni- niejszej serii do kontaktu z redaktorem serii. Do tej pory w serii ukazały się: A Romantic Polish-Jews. Rabbi Ozjasz Thon from Various Perspectives, ed. Michał Ga- las, Shoshana Ronen, Kraków 2015 Magdalena Ruta, Without Jews? Yiddish literature in the People’s Republic of Poland on the Holocaust, Poland and Communism, Kraków 2017 W przygotowaniu: Hanna Kozińska-Witt, Politycy czy klakierzy? Żydzi w krakowskiej Radzie Miejskiej w XIX wieku Seria Studies in Jewish Civilization in Poland Redaktor naukowy serii dr hab. Michał Galas Recenzent prof. dr hab. Marcin Wodziński Projekt okładki Barbara Widłak Niniejsza książka powstała dzięki funduszom przyznanym autorce w ramach pobytu badawczego GEOP (IV–V 2017), realizowanego w Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich i w Żydowskim Instytucie Historycznym im. Emanuela Ringelbluma, w ramach Global Education Outreach Program, ufun- dowanego przez William K. Bowes Jr. Foundation, Taube Philanthropies i Stowarzyszenie Żydow- ski Instytut Historyczny. Odpowiedzialność za stwierdzenia i poglądy zawarte w publikacji ponosi wyłącznie autorka. Badania, prowadzone w latach 2011–2017, które doprowadziły do powstania niniejszej książki, były częściowo finansowane z następujących źródeł: • grant Narodowego Centrum Nauki, DEC-2011/01/N/HS3/04470 (badania nad biografią Szy- mona Dankowicza), • Polsko-Amerykańska Komisja Fulbrighta (finansowanie rocznego pobytu w Stanach Zjedno- czonych 2013/14, University of Maryland, College Park), • dotacja celowa Wydziału Historycznego UJ (sfinansowanie tygodniowej kwerendy we Lwowie), • The Institute for the History of Polish Jewry and Israel-Poland Relations, Tel-Aviv University (dwumiesięczny grant na badania nad związkami między synagogami postępowymi). Druk książki został sfinansowany przez Wydział Historyczny UJ oraz Instytut Judaistyki UJ © Copyright by Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska & Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Wydanie I, Kraków 2018 All rights reserved Niniejszy utwór ani żaden jego fragment nie może być reprodukowany, przetwarzany i roz powszechniany w jakikolwiek sposób za pomocą urządzeń elektronicznych, mechanicznych, kopiujących, nagrywających i innych oraz nie może być przechowywany w żadnym systemie informatycznym bez uprzedniej pisemnej zgody Wydawcy. ISBN 978-83-233-4494-0 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Redakcja: ul. Michałowskiego 9/2, 31-126 Kraków tel. 12-663-23-80, tel./fax 12-663-23-83 Dystrybucja: tel. 12-631-01-97, tel./fax 12-631-01-98 tel. kom. 506-006-674, e-mail: [email protected] Konto: PEKAO SA, nr 80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 SpiS treści Wykaz skróTóW ............................................................................................. 11 WstęP...................................................................................................................... 13 Wyjaśnienie dotyczące używanych pojęć ....................................................... 15 Istniejące tradycje badawcze ............................................................................ 16 Przedwojenne badania nad synagogami postępowymi ............................... 19 Krótko o stanie badań nad krakowską synagogą postępową ...................... 22 Podstawa źródłowa badań ................................................................................ 23 Metodologia ....................................................................................................... 26 Nota techniczna........................................................................................... 31 Podziękowania ............................................................................................. 32 Rozdział I Na styku pojęć: haskala, postęP, reforma judaizmu ........... 35 Dlaczego „postęp”? ............................................................................................ 37 Postęp w XIX wieku .......................................................................................... 38 Termin „postęp” w użyciu przez grupę identyfikującą się jako „postępowa” ........................................................................................... 39 „Postęp”: kontekst warszawski................................................................... 42 „Postęp” w historiografii ............................................................................ 43 Związki „postępu” i „haskali” .......................................................................... 46 Termin „reforma” .............................................................................................. 61 Rozdział II Stowarzyszenie Postępowe: organizacja, zarząd i finanse 65 Struktura władz Stowarzyszenia Postępowego .............................................. 71 Skład zarządu Stowarzyszenia Postępowego ........................................... 72 6 Spis treści Finanse Stowarzyszenia Postępowego ............................................................ 74 Źródła przychodu ....................................................................................... 75 Wydatki ........................................................................................................ 78 Podsumowanie .................................................................................................. 81 Rozdział III PostępowcY W GMINIE, wobec GMINY I wobec rabina ortodoksYJNEGO ........................................................................................... 83 „Wielki Meisels” i „zacofany Schreiber” ......................................................... 85 Tendencje separatystyczne środowiska postępowego: próba oddzielenia się od gminy ................................................................................................. 94 Postępowcy we władzach gminy żydowskiej ................................................. 98 Pozycja kaznodziei ............................................................................................ 102 Konflikty o finansowanie kaznodziei ....................................................... 102 Śluby postępowe .......................................................................................... 105 Tytuł noszony przez kaznodzieję postępowego ...................................... 110 Rozdział IV Postępowców portret zbiorowy ...................................................... 115 Początki środowiska postępowego .................................................................. 115 Analiza społeczna – wyzwania źródłowe ....................................................... 118 Ilu było postępowców? ..................................................................................... 122 Kobiety i mężczyźni .......................................................................................... 125 Pochodzenie postępowców .............................................................................. 126 Miejsce zamieszkania........................................................................................ 128 Pouczająca historia jednej kamienicy ....................................................... 135 Struktura zawodowa ......................................................................................... 136 Klasa i status majątkowy .................................................................................. 142 Służba domowa ........................................................................................... 144 Pozycja społeczna i prestiż ......................................................................... 146 Język .................................................................................................................... 148 Związki między rodzinami i sieci społeczne ................................................. 152 Podsumowanie .................................................................................................. 156 Rozdział V POSTęPOWCóW PORTRET WŁASNy ........................................................... 159 Austriackość, czyli stosunek do monarchii habsburskiej ............................ 160 Polskość .............................................................................................................. 164 Spis treści 7 Żydowskość ........................................................................................................ 172 Niemieckość ....................................................................................................... 175 Trójdzielna tożsamość? ..................................................................................... 176 O „niemieckości” raz jeszcze: autoidentyfikacja społeczno-religijna ......... 178 Rozdział VI DZIAŁALNOŚĆ DOBROCZyNNA I EDUKACyJNA ..................................
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