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Oświecenie Żydowskie W Królestwie Polskim Wobec Chasydyzmu

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Oświecenie Żydowskie W Królestwie Polskim Wobec Chasydyzmu Oświecenie żydowskie w Królestwie Polskim wobec chasydyzmu Marcin Wodziński Na miejscu HORIZON Oświecenie żydowskie w Królestwie Polskim wobec chasydyzmu Dzieje pewnej idei WYDAWNICTWO CYKLADY WARSZAWA 2003 Copyright O by Marcin Wodziński 2003 Copyright © for this édition by Wydawnictwo Cyklady Wydanie pierwsze, Warszawa 2003 Publikacja dofinansowana przez Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego M$OM ió Recenzent prof. Theodore R. Weeks Redaktor prowadzący Regina Gromacka Redaktor Maria Konopka-Wichrowska Redaktor techniczny Zbigniew Garwacki Projekt okładki Michał Brzozowski Korekta Marzena Zalewska ISBN 83-86859-73-3 Adres do korespondencji: Wydawnictwo Cyklady 04-026 Warszawa 50, skr. poczt. 36 tel./faks (22)810-71-87 e-mail: [email protected] www.cyklady.com.pl Bibi. UAM 03.K Rodzicom Spis treści Wprowadzenie ........................................................................................................................ 11 Rozdział 1: „Prehistoria”. Krytyka antychasydzka w ostatnich latach Rzeczypo­ spolitej ................................................................................................................................... 21 Oponenci (mitnagdim) ........................................................................................................ 22 Pierwsze głosy haskali........................................................................................................ 27 Z Litwy do Berlina: Salomon Majmon ............................................................................. 30 Z Podola do Galicji: Mendel Lefin ................................................................................... 33 Pierwszy maskil Rzeczypospolitej: Jacques Calmanson ................................................ 38 Rozdział 2: Haskala w Królestwie Polskim. Charakterystyka ................................... 46 Czym było Królestwo Polskie? .......................................................................................... 47 Kim byli maskile Królestwa Polskiego? ........................................................................... 49 Instytucje haskali ................................................................................................................. 52 Geografia polskiej haskali .................................................................................................. 54 Ideologia i program ............................................................................................................ 57 Czy język czyni maskila? .................................................................................................. 70 Dlaczego po polsku? Specyfika haskali w Królestwie Polskim ..................................... 74 Rozdział 3: W dobie konstytucyjnej. Formowanie się krytyki antychasydzkiej wśród maskili Królestwa Kongresowego ..................................................................... 81 Demonizacja chasydyzmu: Friedländer, Radomiński, Niemcewicz............................... 82 Głos polskiej haskali w debacie lat 1818-1822: Antoni Eisenbaum............................... 87 Województwo kaliskie: pierwsze śledztwa i pierwsze raporty.......................................... 91 Rządowe dochodzenia z lat 1818-1824 i rola Abrahama Sterna .................................... 95 Dlaczego maskile Królestwa Polskiego ignorowali chasydyzm?..................................... 103 Rozdział 4: Między powstaniami. Wzrost zainteresowania chasydyzmem i jego pierwsze reinterpretacje ....................................................................................................121 Wzrost zainteresowania chasydyzmem.............................................................................. 121 Teatr chasydów Efraima Fischelsohna .............................................................................. 127 Projekty reform: Eliasz Moszkowski................................................................................... 129 8 Spis treści Nowa faza ekspansji chasydyzmu ..................................................................................... 132 Życie codzienne konfliktu: anatomia sporu ..................................................................... 139 Pierwsza haskalowa obrona chasydyzmu: Jakub Tugendhold ........................................ 146 Rozdział 5: U progu lat sześćdziesiątych. Przemiany ideowe i schyłek haskali w Królestwie Polskim ........................................................................................................ 157 Od polskiego języka do polskiej świadomości ................................................................. 158 Polski patriotyzm ................................................................................................................. 162 Narodowość: polska czy żydowska?................................................................................. 167 Maskile - integracjoniści - asymilatorzy ......................................................................... 168 Wobec chasydyzmu ............................................................................................................ 173 Rozdział 6: Zbratanie nie tylko polsko-żydowskie. Przełom w postawach wobec chasydyzm u...........................................................................................................................183 Diagnoza............................................................................................................................... 185 Rozwiązania......................................................................................................................... 188 Przymioty chasydyzmu i wady postępu ........................................................................... 191 Neufelda pochwała chasydyzmu ........................................................................................ 193 Kontra z prowincji: anatomii sporu ciąg dalszy ............................................................... 197 Rozdział 7: Coraz mniej entuzjazmu. „Izraelita” i umiarkowany nurt integracji . 204 Dziedzictwo „Jutrzenki” ...................................................................................................... 206 Peltyna wyznanie w ia ry ........................................................................................................ 208 Ku poznaniu ........................................................................................................................... 211 Izrael Leon Grosglik: Listy młodego eks-chasyda .............................................................217 Wielkie rozczarowanie.......................................................................................................... 221 Bezradność historyka: Hilary Nussbaum ........................................................................... 225 Nowe zagrożenia ...................................................................................................................229 Rozdział 8: Koniec pewnej idei. Polityczna, historyczna i poetyczna wizja cha­ sydyzmu ...............................................................................................................................235 Kryzys ideologiczny formacji integracyjnej .......................................................................235 Polityczny aspekt chasydyzmu: Nachum Sokołów.............................................................239 Poza haskalową historiografią chasydyzmu ....................................................................... 244 „Ze śpiewami i tańcami” - literacka moda na chasydyzm ................................................250 Między marginalizacją, demonizacją i nostalgią. Podsumowanie i wnioski 259 Aneksy ........................................................................................................................................267 I. Calmanson o chasydyzmie ................................................................................................267 II. Raport Sterna.....................................................................................................................268 III. Raport Schónfelda .......................................................................................................... 271 IV. Memoriał Moszkowskiego..............................................................................................275 Spis treści 9 V. Eol i Phoebus (Bajka) ...................................................................................................... 277 VI. Cadyk Brukman kontra piotrkowscy doktorzy ..............................................................278 Wykaz skrótów .......................................................................................................................... 284 Źródła i literatura wykorzystane w pracy ..........................................................................285 Źródła archiwalne .................................................................................................................285 Źródła drukowane .................................................................................................................286 Literatura ............................................................................................................................... 291 Indeks ........................................................................................................................................ 307 Spis ilustracji 322 Wprowadzenie Konflikt między przedstawicielami żydowskiego oświecenia (haskali) i konkurującym z nim
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