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Thalassas 25 Thalassas, 26 (2): 47-73 An International Journal of Marine Sciences REMARKS ON THE GENUS TROPHON (S.L.) MONTFORT, 1810 (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND ADJACENT AREAS CRISTIAN ALDEA(1,2) & JESÚS S. TRONCOSO(1) Key words: Trophon, distribution, bathymetry, morphology, Antarctica, South-America, Sub-Antarctic islands. ABSTRACT of this genus, no summarizing data from these areas are known and some records are confused by using of Among the several groups of molluscs in the combining genera/subgenera (i.e. Coronium Simone, southern hemisphere, the genus Trophon Montfort, 1996, Pagodula Monterosato, 1884, Nodulotrophon 1810 has a particular importance, because it is a highly Habe & Ito, 1965 and Fuegotrophon Powell, 1951). In diversified taxon in the Southern Ocean and Sub- this work we gathered data of the distribution, shell Antarctic waters. In the middle of the XX century, 27 morphology and taxonomic remarks of 46 species species were known, which increased to 33 species at of Trophon (s.l.) starting from a performed database the beginning of the XXI century, but more than 100 with all records toward the pole from about 20ºS species were described under this genus along the time, in South-American waters, and from about 45ºS in most of them being synonyms or belonging to other the Eastern Atlantic, Indian and Western Pacific genera at the moment. Despite the great diversification Oceans. Seventeen species were found inhabiting exclusively in South-America, three in Antarctica, five in Western Sub-Antarctic waters, and five in Eastern Sub-Antarctic waters; 16 species presented (1) Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, a wide range of distribution. Bathymetrically, 22 Facultad de Ciencias del Mar. species were exclusive of the continental shelf, 23 Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310. reached the slope and one the deep-sea (>3,000 m). Universidad de Vigo, ESPAÑA. E-mail: [email protected] (C. Aldea), [email protected] From the shell morphology, five main morphotypes were recognized. Affinities between species and with (2) Fundación Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego- Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), combining genera were discussed from the obtained Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, CHILE. data. 47 CRISTIAN ALDEA & JESÚS S. TRONCOSO Figure 1: Distribution of species of Trophon (s.l.) in South-America: T. acanthodes (ac), T. amettei (am), T. bahamondei (ba), T. columbarioides (cb), T. ceciliae (ce), T. clenchi (cl), T. condei (co), T. declinans (de), T. fasciolarioides (fa), T. geversianus (ge), T. iarae (ia), “T.” malvinarum (ma), T. minutus (mi), T. ohlini (oh), T. pallidus (pa), T. pelseneeri (pe), T. plicatus (pl), T. parodizi (pr), T. patagonicus (pt), T. triacanthus (tr), T. vangoethemi (va) and T. veronicae (ve). 48 Fig.�1/10 REMARKS ON THE GENUS TROPHON (S.L.) MONTFORT, 1810 (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND ADJACENT AREAS Figure 2: Distribution of species of Trophon (s.l.) around Antarctica: T. coulmanensis coulmanensis (cc), T. coulmanensis multilamellatus (cm), T. cuspidarioides (cu), T. drygalskii (dr), T. echinolamellatus (ec), T. enderbyensis (en), T. leptocharteres (le), T. longstaffi (lo), T. minutus (mi), T. nucelliformis (nu), T. poirieria (po), T. shackletoni paucilamellatus (sp), T. shackletoni shackletoni (ss) and T. scotianus (st). INTRODUCTION the morphologic pattern with all fusiform and/or lamellate –usually with spiral ornamentation– The genus Trophon Montfort, 1810 represents muricids (Pastorino and Scarabino, 2008) are particular importance among the several genera highlighted points of shell morphology in the of molluscs in the southern hemisphere since it identity of this genus. has a high diversification, mainly in the Southern Ocean and adjacent waters. The austral origin, From the proposal of the genus for Buccinum being the older species traced as far back as the geversianus Pallas, 1774, numerous records with Oligocene (Griffin and Pastorino, 2005), and taxonomic remarks and new species from research Fig.�2/10 49 CRISTIAN ALDEA & JESÚS S. TRONCOSO Figure 3: Distribution of species of Trophon (s.l.) in western Sub-Antarctica: T. acanthodes (ac), T. albolabratus (al), T. arnaudi (ar), T. brevispira (br), T. coulmanensis coulmanensis (cc), T. cribellum (cr), T. cuspidarioides (cu), T. distantelamellatus (di), T. drygalskii (dr), T. echinolamellatus (ec), T. emilyae (em), T. leptocharteres (le), T. longstaffi (lo), T. minutus (mi), T. nucelliformis (nu), T. shackletoni paucilamellatus (sp), T. shackletoni shackletoni (ss) and T. scotianus (st). expeditions were published (e.g. Rochebrune and species have been noticed (e.g. McLean and Mabille, 1889; Strebel, 1908; Powell, 1951; Powell, Andrade, 1982; Dell, 1990; Numanami, 1996; 1958), giving a first account of 27 species by Houart, 1997), considering morphological aspects, Powell (1960). Later on, new records and new but regardless of their real affinities. 50 Fig.�3/10 REMARKS ON THE GENUS TROPHON (S.L.) MONTFORT, 1810 (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND ADJACENT AREAS Figure 4: Distribution of species of Trophon (s.l.) in eastern Sub-Antarctica: T. albolabratus (al), T. coulmanensis coulmanensis (cc), T. declinans (de), T. eversoni (ev), T. geversianus (ge), T. macquariensis (mc), T. minutus (mi), T. mawsoni (mw), T. pallidus (pa), T. scolopax (sc), T. septus (se) and T. shackletoni shackletoni (ss).. Then Pastorino (2002a) revised the species from more than 100 proposed species names morphological patterns of the systematics under the genus for South America and Antarctica, and phylogeny of the genus in Patagonia and many of which are now junior synonyms or belong Antarctica, pointing out the existence of 33 to other genera (i.e. Xymenopsis Powell, 1951). The Fig.�4/10 51 CRISTIAN ALDEA & JESÚS S. TRONCOSO Figure 5: Bathymetry of species of Trophon (s.l.). Three bathymetric boundaries were marked at 400 m, 800 m and 3,000 m; in brackets the depth range of the species; species with large distribution with black bars. T. acanthodes (ac), T. albolabratus (al), T. amettei (am), T. arnaudi (ar), T. bahamondei (ba), T. brevispira (br), T. columbarioides (cb), T. coulmanensis coulmanensis (cc), T. ceciliae (ce), T. clenchi (cl), T. coulmanensis multilamellatus (cm), T. condei (co), T. cribellum (cr), T. cuspidarioides (cu), T. declinans (de), T. distantelamellatus (di), T. drygalskii (dr), T. echinolamellatus (ec), T. emilyae (em), T. enderbyensis (en), T. eversoni (ev), T. fasciolarioides (fa), T. geversianus (ge), T. iarae (ia), T. leptocharteres (le), T. longstaffi (lo), “T.” malvinarum (ma), T. macquariensis (mc), T. minutus (mi), T. mawsoni (mw), T. nucelliformis (nu), T. ohlini (oh), T. pallidus (pa), T. pelseneeri (pe), T. plicatus (pl), T. poirieria (po), T. parodizi (pr), T. patagonicus (pt), T. scolopax (sc), T. septus (se), T. shackletoni paucilamellatus (sp), T. shackletoni shackletoni (ss), T. scotianus (st), T. triacanthus (tr), T. vangoethemi (va) and T. veronicae (ve). same author (Pastorino, 2005) developed a review The last works known on the genus are the review of all living species from both coasts of southern of the last described species of Trophoninae from South America, involving those taxa living in Chilean waters (Houart and Sellanes, 2006) and environments associated with the continental the description of two species from Argentinean shelf, but not considering deeper water species. deep-sea by Pastorino and Scarabino (2008). 52 Fig.�5/10 REMARKS ON THE GENUS TROPHON (S.L.) MONTFORT, 1810 (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND ADJACENT AREAS Despite the extensive information existing at RESULTS the present time, no summarizing data are available mainly in the Antarctic and East Sub-Antarctic areas Distribution and bathymetry and some records are confused by using combining genera/subgenera (i.e. Coronium Simone 1996, Forty-six species of the genus Trophon (s.l.) were Pagodula Monterosato, 1884 and Fuegotrophon found (Table 1) inhabiting in the study area. Twenty- Powell, 1951). Therefore, the aim of this paper is two species were distributed in South America (Fig. to gather the scattered literature of all Trophon 1), of which 17 species presented an exclusive South- (s.l.) species in the Southern Ocean and adjacent American distribution (T. amettei, T. bahamondei, T. areas, standing out the morphology of the shell and ceciliae, T. clenchi, T. columbarioides, T. condei, T. geographical, bathymetrical and some systematics fasciolarioides, T. iarae, “T.” malvinarum, T. ohlini, aspects to help to the identification of the species. T. parodizi, T. patagonicus, T. pelseneeri, T. plicatus, T. triacanthus, T. vangoethemi and T. veronicae). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen species were found in Antarctic waters (Fig. 2), from which three are exclusive from there (T. A complete database with about 700 records coulmanensis multilamellatus, T. enderbyensis and T. of Trophon (s.l.) and related genus (Coronium and poirieria). Eighteen species are from western Sub- Pagodula) of species distributed in the Southern Antarctic islands and waters (Fig. 3), five of which Ocean and adjacent areas was performed. Concretely, being endemic from there (T. arnaudi, T. brevispira, those records toward the pole from about 20ºS in the T. cribellum, T. distantelamellatus and T. emilyae). western Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean Twelve species are from eastern Sub-Antarctic waters –South America–, and from about 45ºS in the eastern
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