Loblolly Pine Pinus Taeda Trees in Summer ILLINOIS RANGE

loblolly pine Pinus taeda Kingdom: Plantae FEATURES Division: Coniferophyta The loblolly pine is also known as the old-field pine. Class: Pinopsida This coniferous tree may grow to a height of 125 Order: Pinales feet and a trunk diameter of two feet. It has a rounded crown. The red-brown bark is divided into Family: Pinaceae plates. The leaves are needlelike, in clusters of three. ILLINOIS STATUS Each light green needle may be nine inches long. Staminate (male) flowers are grouped in yellow common, nonnative spikes up to one-half inch long. Pistillate (female) flowers are in yellow clusters. The fruit is a cone that may grow to six inches long. Each cone scale has a short, sharp prickle. The rounded seed measures about one-fourth inch long with a wing about one inch long. BEHAVIORS The loblolly pine is a native of the southern United States but is planted statewide in Illinois. It grows in dry sites. The wood is used for pulpwood and construction. Old cones often remain on the tree. trees in summer ILLINOIS RANGE © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2021. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © John Hilty © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2021. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Aquatic Habitats © John Hilty none Woodland Habitats coniferous forests Prairie and Edge Habitats none © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2021. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources..

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Hwd”Rni -I I Southern Rest SO-296 Experimen?” Station July, 1963
c=.. United States I &=*$ Departmenlt of ‘$!j’!&’ Argriculture Forest Service hWD”rnI -I I Southern rest SO-296 Experimen?” Station July, 1963 Lightning Strike Simulation for Studying Southern Pine Bark and Engraver Beetle Attacks Mitchel C. Miller SUMMARY Endemic populations of the southern pine beetle is probably conservative; actual values could be (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) and Ips spp. at- considerably higher. tacked loblolly pilnes (Pinus taeda L.) on which light- Lightning struck trees may attract SPB with a re- ning strikes were simulated with detonating cord lease of volatile oleoresin fractions from the shower in the field. Southern pine beetles were reared in of finely divided bark and needle particles (Taylor successive generations in these trees from fall 1981 1973, Lorio and Yandle 1978); struck trees offer a through spring 1982; only Ips spp. attacked treated favorable attack and brood development site for trees through December 1982. Lightning strike SPB and Ips spp. as a result of reduced oleoresin simulation provides an alternative means of studying exudation pressure, reduced oleoresin flow, re- bark beetle attack and opens the way for com- duced relative water content and increased reduc- parisons with nat;ural lightning strikes. ing-sugar content of inner bark (Hodges and Pickard Keywords: Lightning strike simulation, southern 1971). Anderson and Anderson (1968) associated pine beetle, Ips, Dendroctonus frontalis. successful attack by three Ips species on a light- ning struck loblolly pine with reduced oleoresin
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Overcoming Dormancy in Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.)
Reprinted from: Edwards, D.G.W., compiler and editor. 1993. "Dormancy and barriers to germination." Proc. Internal. Sympos. IUFRO Project Group P2.04-00 (Seed Problems). Victoria, British Columbia Canada ' April 23-26, 1991. Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, B.C. Overcoming dormancy in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) F.T. BONNER AND C.A. HARRINGTON u.s. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station, Starkville, MS 39759, U.S.A. and Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98502, U.S.A. Abstract Dormancy patterns in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were examined by comparing various parameters of germination rate. Both linear and polynomial models showed that mean germination time (MGT) was the most sensitive to chilling period. MGT was then used in a test of a new chilling technique that employed 24-h warm interruptions of chilling. This procedure produced faster rates of germination (lower MGT) in one group of 9 lots, but a second test with 15 lots yielded negative responses to any type of stratification. Resume Chez Ie pin a encens (Pinus taeda L.), les caracteristiques de la dormance ont ete examinees par comparaison de differents parametres du taux de germination. Des modeles lineaires comme polynomiaux ont montre que Ie temps moyen de germination etait Ie plus sensible a la periode d'entreposage en chambre froide. Cette duree moyenne a ensuite ete mise a profit dans l'essai d'une nouvelle technique d'entreposage en chambre froide qui comporte des interruptions de 24 h de rechauffement. Cette technique a accelere les taux de germination (temps moyen de germination raccourci) dans un groupe de 9 lots, mais lors d'un second essai sur 15 lots, a conduit a des resultats negatifs, peu importe Ie type de stratification.
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Introgression Between Pinus Taeda L. and Pinus Echinata Mill
Introgression between Pinus taeda L. and Pinus echinata Mill. Jiwang Chen 1, C. G. Tauer l , Guihua Bai1, and Yinghua Huang1 Key words: cpDNA; introgression; microsatellite; nuclear ribosomal DNA; loblolly pine; shortleaf pine INTRODUCTION Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) have widely overlapping geographic ranges. Hybridization between the two species has interested tree breeders for a long time. Morphologically, the two pine species are different. The needles of loblolly pine are 6 to 9 inches long, usually with three yellow-green needles per fascicle; but shortleaf pine needles are 3 to 5 inches long, with two or three dark yellow- green slender and flexible needles per fascicle. Loblolly pine also has larger cones than shortleaf, as well as other differences, however, these characters offer limited help when the genotypes of the parents and their probable hybrids are compounded by environmental factors The limitations of morphological characters resulted in the identification of the allozyme marker IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) to identify hybrids (Huneycutt and Askew, 1989). The high frequency of IDH variation seen in natural shortleaf pine populations outside the natural range of loblolly pine (Rajiv et al., 1997) suggests either profuse hybridization between the two species or that IDH is an unreliable marker. These data required us to look for new markers to confirm the identity of putative hybrids. A more extensive study (relative to the study of Rajiv et al., 1997), sampling a larger portion of shortleaf-loblolly pine sympatric population, was conducted to further explore the nature and extent of these hybrids in the native populations.
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Tfsbbstudy.Pdf
Introduction Results Pine bark beetles, including the mountain pine beetle (MPB), Table 1. Effects of abamectin (Aba) injection treatments on the success of Ips engraver beetle adult Trial 1: Evaluation of bolts collected from treated and untreated Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and southern pine beetle (SPB), D. attack, brood development, and success of cerambycid larvae in loblolly pine logs in Texas: 2008 - loblolly pine trees in 2008 - 2011 indicated that a similar number frontalis Zimmermann, are some of the more important forest pests in 2011. of Ips engraver beetles attacked the bolts regardless of treatment the United States (Billings et al. 2004) with local and regional outbreaks (Table 1). However, the success of the Ips in constructing galleries causing severe economic losses on a nearly annual basis. Other species (> 2.5 cm) or producing brood was significantly less for both of pine bark beetles, including the secondary pests Ips avulsus (Eichoff), injection treatments, regardless of season, compared to the I. grandicollis (Eichoff), and I. calligraphus (Germar), also are known to checks (Fig. 3). Similarly, the number of cerambycid egg niches cause significant tree mortality particularly during severe drought periods was similar for all treatments, but there were significantly less in the southeastern U.S (Wilkinson & Foltz 1982). The current abundance phloem consumed by larvae in the injected logs. of susceptible trees and forests underlines the need to develop new methods to protect individual trees from bark beetle attacks. Trial 2: Nearly all baited trees were heavily attacked by MPB within 3 weeks. A final assessment for the 2010 season was Protection of individual trees with conducted in September 2011 and showed heavy mortality (60%, insecticides has historically 18 of 30) of untreated lodgepole pine trees (Fig.
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Rhizopogon Togasawariana Sp. Nov., the First Report of Rhizopogon Associated with an Asian Species of Pseudotsuga
Rhizopogon togasawariana sp. nov., the first report of Rhizopogon associated with an Asian species of Pseudotsuga Mujic, A. B., Hosaka, K., & Spatafora, J. W. (2014). Rhizopogon togasawariana sp. nov., the first report of Rhizopogon associated with an Asian species of Pseudotsuga. Mycologia, 106(1), 105-112. doi:10.3852/13-055 10.3852/13-055 Allen Press Inc. Version of Record http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47245 http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Mycologia, 106(1), 2014, pp. 105–112. DOI: 10.3852/13-055 # 2014 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Rhizopogon togasawariana sp. nov., the first report of Rhizopogon associated with an Asian species of Pseudotsuga Alija B. Mujic1 the natural and anthropogenic range of the family Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon and plays an important ecological role in the State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902 establishment and maintenance of forests (Tweig et Kentaro Hosaka al. 2007, Simard 2009). The foundational species Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature concepts for genus Rhizopogon were established in the and Science, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan North American monograph of Smith and Zeller (1966), and a detailed monograph also has been Joseph W. Spatafora produced for European Rhizopogon species (Martı´n Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon 1996). However, few data on Asian species of State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902 Rhizopogon have been incorporated into phylogenetic and taxonomic studies and only a limited account of Asian Rhizopogon species has been published for EM Abstract: Rhizopogon subgenus Villosuli are the only associates of Pinus (Hosford and Trappe 1988).
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Proceedings 33Rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference Using Tree Improvement to Grow New Products for a Changing World Ho
Proceedings 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference Using Tree Improvement to Grow New Products for a Changing World Hosted by: Arkansas Forest Resources Center; University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture School of Forest and Natural Resources; University of Arkansas at Monticello Weyerhaeuser Inc. Hot Springs, AR June 8-11, 2015 Proceedings of the 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference Edited by Joshua P. Adams Louisiana Tech University Ruston, LA 71270 The papers and abstracts in these proceedings were submitted by the authors as electronic files. Modifications were made in format to provide for consistency and to allow best possible placement of figures and tables. The authors are responsible for the technical content of their respective papers. Citation for the 33rd SFTIC Proceedings: Adams, J.P., editor. 2016. Proceedings of the 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference; 8-11 June 2015; Hot Springs, Arkansas. http://www.sftic.org 113 p. Citation of papers in the 33rd SFTIC Proceedings: Authors’ Names. 2016. Name of paper. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference; 8-11 June 2015 Hot Springs, Arkansas. http://www.sftic.org , pp. x-y. Links to electronic copies may be obtained at: http://www.sftic.org ii Foreword The 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference (SFTIC), marking 64 years of biennial technical conferences, was held June 8-11, 2015 in Hot Springs, Arkansas. This marks the first time the conference has been in the state of Arkansas. Direction of the conference was coordinated by the Southern Forest Tree Improvement Committee and with co-hosts Arkansas Forest Resources Center; University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture School of Forest and Natural Resources; University of Arkansas at Monticello and Weyerhaeuser Inc.
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Species Comparison of the Physical Properties of Loblolly and Slash Pine Wood and Bark Thomas L
1495 ARTICLE Species comparison of the physical properties of loblolly and slash pine wood and bark Thomas L. Eberhardt, Joseph Dahlen, and Laurence Schimleck Abstract: Composition of the southern pine forest is now predominated by two species, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), owing to fire suppression activities, natural regeneration on abandoned agricultural lands, and extensive planting. Comparison of the wood and bark physical properties of these pines is of interest in terms of the yields of usable biomass and, for the bark, its ecological functionality on a living tree. Trees from a species comparison study were used to generate wood and bark property data, on a whole-tree basis, and for stem disks collected at breast height. Models were constructed to explain the effect of relative height on wood and bark properties. When comparing the whole-tree data, slash pine wood (0.523 versus 0.498) and bark (0.368 versus 0.311) specific gravity values were higher, both offset by lower moisture contents; slash pine also produced a higher percentage of bark on a dry-mass basis (17% versus 12.5%). Unlike wood properties, bark properties showed significant between-species differences when determined at breast height alone, the exception being moisture content. In terms of yield, harvests of a green tonne of loblolly pine and slash pine would give approximately the same dry mass of wood, but slash pine provides more bark. Key words: bark thickness, moisture content, specific gravity, wood quality, yield. Résumé : La composition de la forêt de pins du sud est maintenant dominée par deux espèces, le pin a` encens (Pinus taeda L.) et le pin d’Elliott (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) a` cause des activités de suppression des feux, de la régénération naturelle sur les terres agricoles abandonnées et de la plantation intensive.
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Alien Flora of Europe: Species Diversity, Temporal Trends, Geographical Patterns and Research Needs
Preslia 80: 101–149, 2008 101 Alien flora of Europe: species diversity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs Zavlečená flóra Evropy: druhová diverzita, časové trendy, zákonitosti geografického rozšíření a oblasti budoucího výzkumu Philip W. L a m b d o n1,2#, Petr P y š e k3,4*, Corina B a s n o u5, Martin H e j d a3,4, Margari- taArianoutsou6, Franz E s s l7, Vojtěch J a r o š í k4,3, Jan P e r g l3, Marten W i n t e r8, Paulina A n a s t a s i u9, Pavlos A n d r i opoulos6, Ioannis B a z o s6, Giuseppe Brundu10, Laura C e l e s t i - G r a p o w11, Philippe C h a s s o t12, Pinelopi D e l i p e t - rou13, Melanie J o s e f s s o n14, Salit K a r k15, Stefan K l o t z8, Yannis K o k k o r i s6, Ingolf K ü h n8, Hélia M a r c h a n t e16, Irena P e r g l o v á3, Joan P i n o5, Montserrat Vilà17, Andreas Z i k o s6, David R o y1 & Philip E. H u l m e18 1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Hill of Brathens, Banchory, Aberdeenshire AB31 4BW, Scotland, e-mail; [email protected], [email protected]; 2Kew Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; 3Institute of Bot- any, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 4Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected]; 5Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; 6University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology & Systematics, 15784 Athens, Greece, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 7Federal Environment Agency, Department of Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria, e-mail: [email protected]; 8Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser- Str.
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Pseudotsuga Menziesii)
120 - PART 1. CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS ON BIOLOGY OF TREES Section 4. Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 1. Taxonomy Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco is generally called Douglas-fir (so spelled to maintain its distinction from true firs, the genus Abies). Pseudotsuga Carrière is in the kingdom Plantae, division Pinophyta (traditionally Coniferophyta), class Pinopsida, order Pinales (conifers), and family Pinaceae. The genus Pseudotsuga is most closely related to Larix (larches), as indicated in particular by cone morphology and nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA phylogenies (Silen 1978; Wang et al. 2000); both genera also have non-saccate pollen (Owens et al. 1981, 1994). Based on a molecular clock analysis, Larix and Pseudotsuga are estimated to have diverged more than 65 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene (Wang et al. 2000). The earliest known fossil of Pseudotsuga dates from 32 Mya in the Early Oligocene (Schorn and Thompson 1998). Pseudostuga is generally considered to comprise two species native to North America, the widespread Pseudostuga menziesii and the southwestern California endemic P. macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr (bigcone Douglas-fir), and in eastern Asia comprises three or fewer endemic species in China (Fu et al. 1999) and another in Japan. The taxonomy within the genus is not yet settled, and more species have been described (Farjon 1990). All reported taxa except P. menziesii have a karyotype of 2n = 24, the usual diploid number of chromosomes in Pinaceae, whereas the P. menziesii karyotype is unique with 2n = 26. The two North American species are vegetatively rather similar, but differ markedly in the size of their seeds and seed cones, the latter 4-10 cm long for P.
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Pollination and Germination As Limiting Factors in the Propagation of Threatened Cycads, Encephalartos (Zamiaceae)
Pollination and germination as limiting factors in the propagation of threatened cycads, Encephalartos (Zamiaceae) Phakamani M’Afrika Xaba A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology of the University of Western Cape. Date of submission: 12 November 2014 KEY WORDS Encephalartos latifrons Encephalartos altensteinii Pollen viability Pollen storage Pollen germination Artificial wet pollination Artificial dry pollination Seed storage Seed pre-treatment Seed germination i ABSTRACT Cycads are the most threatened living organisms assessed to date (IUCN, 2010). Encephalartos is an African cycad genus which in South Africa has a high diversity but threatened status. This study focuses on the Critically Endangered cycad Encephalartos latifrons, which exhibits low seed viability (< 10) in ex situ living collections in the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden (KNBG). This is the largest known ex situ collection of E. latifrons, and the conservation programme of this species has been negatively affected by the unknown cause of low seed germination. This study hypothesised that low seed germination in E. latifrons at KNBG was caused by: firstly, low pollen viability as a result of storage or environmental conditions; secondly by factors with the wet artificial pollination method and its synchronous application to the diurnal formation of pollination droplets in ovules; thirdly, seed storage factors (period and environmental conditions) and the lack of seed pre-treatment (scarification and hormone). This study compared E. latifrons to a more common cycad E. altensteinii with high seed viability (> 60%) at KNBG. Encephalartos latifrons pollen viability results show that fresh and stored pollen of specimens cultivated at KNBG was high (>60%) and comparable to pollen from the wild, that was above the recommended standard (>40%) (Stanley & Linskens, 1974), and only started losing viability after three years.
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List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
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Conifer Exploration Head to Alpine Lane to Explore Our Conifer Collection! Tag Us on Instagram: @Scbgarden "Taxonomy" Is How Scientists Classify Plants and Animals
Conifer Exploration Head to Alpine Lane to explore our conifer collection! Tag us on Instagram: @SCBGarden "Taxonomy" is how scientists classify plants and animals. Below, we use taxonomy to compare humans to a well-known pine tree species. Can you pronounce the scientific terms? Use the parenthesis to sound it out! TORREY PINE HUMAN (YOU!) Kingdom: Plantae (plant-ey) Kingdom: Animalia (ani-mall-ee-uh) Division: Pinophyta Phyllum: Chordata (cord-ott-ah) (pine-oh-fie-tuh) Order: Pinales (peen-all-ess) Order: Primates (prime-ates) Family: Pinaceae Family: Hominidae (pin-ey-see-ey) (homm-in-id-ey) Genus: Pinus Genus: Homo (ho-mo) (Pine-us) Species: Pinus torreyana Species: Homo Sapiens (pine-us tohr-ey-awe-nah) (ho-mo say-pee-ens) Most conifers (plants with needle-like leaves and cones with seeds) are evergreens, meaning that their leaves remain green throughout the year. Plants have green leaves because they help them with... PPPHHHOOOTTTOOOSSSYYYNNNTTTHHHEEESSSIIISSS!!! Photosynthesis is how plants stay alive. They use water and sunlight to make their own food. They also convert carbon dioxide to oxygen, and that's what we breathe to stay alive! Can you rearrange the images below to create the process of photosynthesis? Turn this page upside down for the answer key. PLANT FOOD OXYGEN WATER SUNLIGHT CARBON DIOXIDE n e g y x O . 5 , e d i x o i D n o b r a C . 4 , d o o F t n a l P . 3 , r e t a W . 2 , t h g i l n u S . 1 Conifer exploration Find a spot on Alpine Lane where you can no longer hear the sounds of the street or see other people.
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