DOCSLIB.ORG

Southern Hemisphere Assessment of Palaeoenvironments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Southern Hemisphere Assessment of Palaeoenvironments Announcing SHAPE, Lorrey et al. | REPORT The Australian National University and their motivation is unknown. Study of exchange networks in chemically distinctive bronzes related to DE130101703 early Buddhism and their likely production centre in Flexner, Dr James L eastern India will establish a sound economic basis Mission archaeology and colonial encounters in Southern underlying long-term cultural influence. Vanuatu $350,505, ARCHAEOLOGY DE130100046 The remains of Christian missions in southern Vanuatu Reepmeyer, Dr Christian H are important heritage sites for local communities, and Foundations of Island Southeast Asian maritime interac- for their place in world history as part of one of the tion: unravelling cause and consequence for the transfor- final frontiers of European colonialism. This project mation of past societies explores these sites to produce a new picture of every- $374,575, ARCHAEOLOGY day life that includes the perspectives of missionaries The successful spread of Neolithic innovations across and native people. the world was one of the most important transforma- tions in human history. This project combines the geo- DE130100153 chemical and technological analysis of stone tools to Pryce, Dr Thomas O track the evolution of maritime colonisation in Island Radiogenic bronze and the Indianisation of Southeast Southeast Asia, the foundation for the success of agri- Asia culture in this region. $347,556, ARCHAEOLOGY Intense South/Southeast Asian maritime activity QA began circa 2500 years ago, but the societies involved Announcing SHAPE: Southern Hemisphere Assessment of PalaeoEnvironments Andrew Lorreya, Helen Bostocka, Steven Phippsb and Jessica Reevesc a National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand b Climate Change Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia c Science, Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Australia We are proud to announce the successor of the AUS- SHAPE will support two existing INQUA INTIMATE initiative, which ran for two successive International Focus Groups: CELL-50K (Calibrating INQUA inter-congress periods from 2003 to 2011, Environmental Leads and Lags over the last 50 ka) and and culminated in the upcoming AUS-INTIMATE ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental special issue in Quaternary Science Reviews. Responses). Thus, the timescale of the project extends back to 50-60 ka (the limit of radiocarbon dating). SHAPE (Southern Hemisphere Assessment of PalaeoEnvironments; INQUA PALCOMM project The main objectives of SHAPE are to: #1302) will start in 2013 and continue until the next • generate defensible chronologies for SH proxy INQUA Congress in Japan in 2015. SHAPE will carry records forward the goals of AUS-INTIMATE, such as the • refine and extend regional climate event production of high resolution palaeoclimate records stratigraphies during the Late Quaternary. However, it will have • provide robust interpretations of proxies (qualita- a wider spatial scope, incorporating New Zealand, tive and quantitative) Australia, the Pacific Islands, South America, South • generate regional reconstructions of past environ- Africa, Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. There will mental and climatic change (temporal-geographic also be a stronger emphasis on climate modelling, data- syntheses) model integration, development of new research tools • integrate the results into a hemispheric-wide story and training activities for early career researchers. for key time slices, highlighting the changes and testing hypotheses for their causes Quaternary AUSTRALASIA 30 (1) | 31 REPORT | Lorrey et al., Announcing SHAPE Thomas Ronald Paton, Williams & Hesse | OBITUARY • conduct new climate model simulations for key • At Geosciences New Zealand Conference in periods November 2013, there will be a geochronology • integrate proxies with climate model simulations session covering the last 50 ka. • train the next generation of Quaternary scientists • The INQUA-ECR meeting in Wollongong, in key techniques. Australia, in December 2013 will allow young researchers to present their work from specific Suites of quantitative and qualitative marine and ter- regions. SHAPE will support this by providing restrial climate reconstructions will underpin transects travel support, mentoring in authorship of publica- from the tropics to the mid- and high-latitudes, illus- tions, and training on tools and model use within a trating changes in currents, fronts and temperature SHAPE session. gradients. Like the goals of AUS-INTIMATE, the • AQUA in Mildura in July 2014 will be a joint meet- SHAPE project will highlight the timing of critical ing with CELL-50K. changes, and identify synchronous versus asynchro- nous changes in climate. Training will be a key SHAPE activity. It will focus on using new tools designed for palaeoclimate research. However, unlike INTIMATE, there will be a larger We will utilise the Past Interpretation of Climate focus on using these proxy-based reconstructions to Tool (PICT), currently under development to gener- compare with climate model simulations to determine ate targets for Southern Hemisphere circulation pat- distinct circulation and climate modes of the past. terns based on Australasian data, and other areas of SHAPE will aim to reconstruct atmospheric and oce- the Southern Hemisphere, to assist in interpreting anic circulation patterns for several critical periods in hydroclimatic and circulation conditions linked to a the Late Quaternary (including 32 ka, 21 ka, 6 ka) to wide array of climate drivers. Proxy reconstructions improve our understanding of Southern Hemisphere and understanding of local responses to circulation climate and environmental changes. These reconstruc- changes will also help improve the interpretation of tions will be compared to the PMIP3 (Paleoclimate proxy data. Modelling Intercomparison Project) and CMIP5 multi-model ensemble for these same time periods Expertise and assembly of proxy data for different and a transient simulation for the last 8 ka. Integration subregions of the Southern Hemisphere will be under- with climate model simulations will also help us to pinned by existing and new INTIMATE ‘groups’. The formulate new hypotheses about triggers of climate work within each subregion, much like in the previ- change, climate dynamics, and mechanisms of inter- ous AUS-INTIMATE project, will be coordinated hemispheric climate teleconnections. by steering committee members who will also be responsible for the exchange of information during We encourage you to attend the SHAPE meetings and hemisphere-wide integrations. workshops over the next few years. SHAPE welcomes participation from early career researchers as well As with INTIMATE, we encourage you all to partici- as established Quaternary scientists. There is a small pate in this new project. Please contact Andrew Lorrey amount of financial support for early career research- ([email protected]) or Steven Phipps (s.phipps@ ers to attend the SHAPE meetings listed below. unsw.edu.au) for further details about SHAPE and how you can get involved. QA 32 | Quaternary AUSTRALASIA 30 (1).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • North America Other Continents
    Arctic Ocean Europe North Asia America Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Africa Pacific Ocean South Indian America Ocean Oceania Southern Ocean Antarctica LAND & WATER • The surface of the Earth is covered by approximately 71% water and 29% land. • It contains 7 continents and 5 oceans. Land Water EARTH’S HEMISPHERES • The planet Earth can be divided into four different sections or hemispheres. The Equator is an imaginary horizontal line (latitude) that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres, while the Prime Meridian is the imaginary vertical line (longitude) that divides the earth into the Eastern and Western hemispheres. • North America, Earth’s 3rd largest continent, includes 23 countries. It contains Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, the United States of America, all Caribbean and Central America countries, as well as Greenland, which is the world’s largest island. North West East LOCATION South • The continent of North America is located in both the Northern and Western hemispheres. It is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and by the Pacific Ocean in the west. • It measures 24,256,000 sq. km and takes up a little more than 16% of the land on Earth. North America 16% Other Continents 84% • North America has an approximate population of almost 529 million people, which is about 8% of the World’s total population. 92% 8% North America Other Continents • The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of Earth’s Oceans. It covers about 15% of the Earth’s total surface area and approximately 21% of its water surface area.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya | Year 2| Important Questions Key Knowledge Vocabulary 1 Where Is Kenya on a a Large Solid Area of Land
    Kenya | Year 2| Important Questions Key Knowledge Vocabulary 1 Where is Kenya on a A large solid area of land. Earth has Kenya is in East Africa. Nairobi is the 1 continent world map? seven continents. capital city and Mombasa is the largest An area set aside by a country’s 2 What is life like for city in Kenya. 2 National people living in Kenya? park government. The Tana river is the longest river in 3 Maasai one of the best-known groups of 3 What is a national Kenya. people in Africa. They live in park? southern Kenya Mount Kenya is the highest mountain in 4 Endangered Any type of plant or animal that is 4 Which are the main Kenya. in danger of disappearing forever. animals living in Kenya? 5 migrate Many mammals, birds, fishes, 5 What is Maasai insects, and other animals move culture? Kenya lies on the Equator, which means from one place to another at the climate is hot, sunny and dry for most certain times of the year. What is life like for a 6 of the year. ocean A large body of salt water, which Kenyan child compared 6 The Great Rift Valley is an enormous covers the majority of the earth’s to my life? valley of mountains which runs from the surface. north to south of Kenya. The valley has a 7 Capital A large town. Each country has a chain of volcanoes which are still ‘active’ . city capital city, which is usually one of Lake Victoria, the second largest the largest cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerosol Optical Depth and Direct Radiative Forcing for INDOEX Derived from AVHRR: Observations, January–March 1996–2000 William R
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. D19, 8010, 10.1029/2000JD000183, 2002 Aerosol optical depth and direct radiative forcing for INDOEX derived from AVHRR: Observations, January–March 1996–2000 William R. Tahnk and James A. Coakley Jr. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Received 20 November 2000; revised 13 July 2001; accepted 12 November 2001; published 20 August 2002. [1] Visible and near infrared reflectances from NOAA-14 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) daytime passes are used to derive optical depths at 0.55 mm, an index of aerosol type, continental or marine, and the direct effect of the aerosol on the top of the atmosphere and surface solar radiative fluxes for the oceans in the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) region (30°Sto30°N and 50°–110°E) during the January–March 1996–2000 winter monsoons. Comparison of aerosol optical depth and radiative forcing in the Northern Hemisphere with those in the Southern Hemisphere suggests that the additional pollution sources augment the 0.55-mm optical depth by, on average, 0.1 in the Northern Hemisphere. As a result of the aerosol, the region of the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere loses about 1.6 WmÀ2 in reflected sunlight and the ocean surface loses about 5 WmÀ2 during the months of the winter monsoon. Aerosol burdens and the aerosol direct radiative forcing are a relatively constant feature of the Northern Hemisphere, although the southeastern Arabian Sea experienced considerably larger aerosol burdens during the February–March 1999 INDOEX Intensive Field Phase (IFP) than in other years.
    [Show full text]
  • Coriolis Effect
    Project ATMOSPHERE This guide is one of a series produced by Project ATMOSPHERE, an initiative of the American Meteorological Society. Project ATMOSPHERE has created and trained a network of resource agents who provide nationwide leadership in precollege atmospheric environment education. To support these agents in their teacher training, Project ATMOSPHERE develops and produces teacher’s guides and other educational materials. For further information, and additional background on the American Meteorological Society’s Education Program, please contact: American Meteorological Society Education Program 1200 New York Ave., NW, Ste. 500 Washington, DC 20005-3928 www.ametsoc.org/amsedu This material is based upon work initially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. TPE-9340055. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. © 2012 American Meteorological Society (Permission is hereby granted for the reproduction of materials contained in this publication for non-commercial use in schools on the condition their source is acknowledged.) 2 Foreword This guide has been prepared to introduce fundamental understandings about the guide topic. This guide is organized as follows: Introduction This is a narrative summary of background information to introduce the topic. Basic Understandings Basic understandings are statements of principles, concepts, and information. The basic understandings represent material to be mastered by the learner, and can be especially helpful in devising learning activities in writing learning objectives and test items. They are numbered so they can be keyed with activities, objectives and test items. Activities These are related investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Climatology of South American Seasonal Changes
    Vol. 27 N° 1 y 2 (2002) 1-30 PROGRESS IN PAN AMERICAN CLIVAR RESEARCH: UNDERSTANDING THE SOUTH AMERICAN MONSOON Julia Nogués-Paegle 1 (1), Carlos R. Mechoso (2), Rong Fu (3), E. Hugo Berbery (4), Winston C. Chao (5), Tsing-Chang Chen (6), Kerry Cook (7), Alvaro F. Diaz (8), David Enfield (9), Rosana Ferreira (4), Alice M. Grimm (10), Vernon Kousky (11), Brant Liebmann (12), José Marengo (13), Kingste Mo (11), J. David Neelin (2), Jan Paegle (1), Andrew W. Robertson (14), Anji Seth (14), Carolina S. Vera (15), and Jiayu Zhou (16) (1) Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, USA, (2) Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, (3) Georgia Institute of Technology; Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, USA (4) Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, USA, (5) Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, USA, (6) Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, USA, (7) Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, USA, (8) Instituto de Mecánica de Fluidos e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, (9) NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory, USA, (10) Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, (11) Climate Prediction Center/NCEP/NWS/NOAA, USA, (12) NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, USA, (13) Centro de Previsao do Tempo e Estudos de Clima, CPTEC, Brazil, (14) International Research Institute for Climate Prediction, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, USA, (15) CIMA/Departmento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, (16) Goddard Earth Sciences Technology Center, University of Maryland, USA. (Manuscript received 13 May 2002, in final form 20 January 2003) ABSTRACT A review of recent findings on the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: John V
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MIAH ALLAN BEAL for the Doctor of Philosophy (Name) (Degree) in Oceanography presented on August 12.1968 (Major) (Date) Title:Batymety and_Strictuof_thp..4rctic_Ocean Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: John V. The history of the explordtion of the Central Arctic Ocean is reviewed.It has been only within the last 15 years that any signifi- cant number of depth-sounding data have been collected.The present study uses seven million echo soundings collected by U. S. Navy nuclear submarines along nearly 40, 000 km of track to construct, for the first time, a reasonably complete picture of the physiography of the basin of the Arctic Ocean.The use of nuclear submarines as under-ice survey ships is discussed. The physiography of the entire Arctic basin and of each of the major features in the basin are described, illustrated and named. The dominant ocean floor features are three mountain ranges, generally paralleling each other and the 40°E. 140°W. meridian. From the Pacific- side of the Arctic basin toward the Atlantic, they are: The Alpha Cordillera; The Lomonosov Ridge; andThe Nansen Cordillera. The Alpha Cordillera is the widest of the three mountain ranges. It abuts the continental slopes off the Canadian Archipelago and off Asia across more than550of longitude on each slope.Its minimum width of about 300 km is located midway between North America and Asia.In cross section, the Alpha Cordillera is a broad arch rising about two km, above the floor of the basin.The arch is marked by volcanoes and regions of "high fractured plateau, and by scarps500to 1000 meters high.The small number of data from seismology, heat flow, magnetics and gravity studies are reviewed.The Alpha Cordillera is interpreted to be an inactive mid-ocean ridge which has undergone some subsidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire History in Western Patagonia from Paired Tree-Ring Fire-Scar And
    Clim. Past, 8, 451–466, 2012 www.clim-past.net/8/451/2012/ Climate doi:10.5194/cp-8-451-2012 of the Past © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Fire history in western Patagonia from paired tree-ring fire-scar and charcoal records A. Holz1,*, S. Haberle2, T. T. Veblen1, R. De Pol-Holz3,4, and J. Southon4 1Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA 2Department of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia & the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia 3Departamento de Oceanograf´ıa, Universidad de Concepcion,´ Chile 4Department of Earth System Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA *present address: School of Plant Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia Correspondence to: A. Holz ([email protected]) Received: 2 September 2011 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 10 October 2011 Revised: 25 January 2012 – Accepted: 27 January 2012 – Published: 9 March 2012 Abstract. Fire history reconstructions are typically based recorded by charcoal from all the sampled bogs and at all on tree ages and tree-ring fire scars or on charcoal in sedi- fire-scar sample sites, is attributed to human-set fires and is mentary records from lakes or bogs, but rarely on both. In outside the range of variability characteristic of these ecosys- this study of fire history in western Patagonia (47–48◦ S) in tems over many centuries and probably millennia. southern South America (SSA) we compared three sedimen- tary charcoal records collected in bogs with tree-ring fire- scar data collected at 13 nearby sample sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Hemisphere Teleconnections and Climate
    Southern Hemisphere TeleconnectionsandClimate predictability Carolina Vera CIMA/CONICETͲUniversity ofBuenosAires,ͲUMIͲIFAECI/CNRS BuenosAires,Argentina Motivation • LargeͲscalecirculationvariabilityintheSouthernHemisphere(SH) exhibitlargevaluesatmiddleandhighlatitudes,particularlyinthe South Pacific sector, and fromsubseasonal to interannual and decadaltimescales. •TheactivityoftheleadingpatternsofSHcirculationvariabilityhasa large influenceon the climate of South America, Africa, Antarctica andAustraliaͲNewZealand. •In particular, they seem to have a role explaining seasonal predictabilityatsubtropicalandextratropical regionsofSouth America. SeasonalpredictabilityinSouthAmerica JJA DJF Surface Temperature Ensembleof13 modldelsof WCRP/WGSIP/CHFP Database Precipitation Osman andVera(2013) The La Plata Basin •The Plata Basin covers about 3.6 million km2. •The La Plata Basin is the fifth largest in the world and second only to the Amazon Basin in South America in terms of geographical extent. •The principal sub-basins are those of the Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay rivers. •The La Plata Basin covers parts of five countries, AiArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Global relevance of the la Plata Basin •LPB is home of more than 100 million people including the capital cities of 4 of the five countries, generating 70% of the five countries GNP. • There is more than 150 dams, and 60% of the hydroelectric potential is already used. • It is one of the largest food producers (cereals, soybeans and livestock) of the world. Extratropical
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Mid-Latitude Ecotone: Sustainability and Environmental Challenges J
    СИБИРСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ ЖУРНАЛ. 2017. № 6. С. 41–53 UDC 630*181 AN INTRODUCTION TO MID-LATITUDE ECOTONE: SUSTAINABILITy AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES J. Moon1, w. K. Lee1, C. Song1, S. G. Lee1, S. B. Heo1, A. Shvidenko2, 3, F. Kraxner2, M. Lamchin1, E. J. Lee4, y. Zhu1, D. Kim5, G. Cui6 1 Korea University, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology East Building, 322, Anamro Seungbukgu, 145, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea 2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz, 1, Laxenburg, 2361 Austria 3 Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch Akademgorodok, 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russian Federation 4 Korea Environment Institute Bldg B, Sicheong-daero, 370, Sejong-si, 30147 Republic of Korea 5 National Research Foundation of Korea Heonreung-ro, 25, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06792 Republic of Korea 6 Yanbian University Gongyuan Road, 977, Yanji, Jilin Province, China E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 18.07.2016 The mid-latitude zone can be broadly defined as part of the hemisphere between 30°–60° latitude. This zone is home to over 50 % of the world population and encompasses about 36 countries throughout the principal region, which host most of the world’s development and poverty related problems. In reviewing some of the past and current major environmental challenges that parts of mid-latitudes are facing, this study sets the context by limiting the scope of mid- latitude region to that of Northern hemisphere, specifically between 30°–45° latitudes which is related to the warm temperate zone comprising the Mid-Latitude ecotone – a transition belt between the forest zone and southern dry land territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Australia As a Southern Hemisphere Power
    STRATEGIC INSIGHTS Australia as a Southern Hemisphere power 61 Benjamin Reilly Abstract Australia’s key economic, foreign and security relations are overwhelmingly focused to our north—in Asia, North America and Europe. But our ‘soft’ power in the realms of aid, trade, science, sport and education is increasingly manifested in the Southern Hemisphere regions of Africa, South America, the Indonesian archipelago and the Southwest Pacific, as well as Antarctica. Our developmental, scientific, business and people-to-people linkages with the emerging states of sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America are growing rapidly. At the same time, new forms of peacemaking have distinguished Australia’s cooperative interventions in our fragile island neighbourhood. This paper looks at these different ways Australian power is being projected across the Southern Hemisphere, particularly in relation to new links with Africa and South America. Rapid growth in our southern engagement has implications for the future, but also harks back to Australia’s past as ‘Mistress of the Southern Seas’. Introduction The Australian Government’s Australia in the Asian century White Paper, published in October 2012, was the latest in a long line of reviews emphasising the importance of countries to our north—in this case, the major economies of East Asia—for Australia’s future. Such a focus, while valid, risks overlooking rapid developments in Australia’s relations in our own hemisphere. While Asia is clearly the main game for our hard economic and security interests, Southern Hemisphere regions such as Africa, Latin America and the Southern Ocean are becoming increasingly important to us across a range of other ‘softer’ dimensions of power.
    [Show full text]
  • Antipodes: in Search of the Southern Continent Is a New History of an Ancient Geography
    ANTIPODES In Search of the Southern Continent AVAN JUDD STALLARD Antipodes: In Search of the Southern Continent is a new history of an ancient geography. It reassesses the evidence for why Europeans believed a massive southern continent existed, About the author and why they advocated for its Avan Judd Stallard is an discovery. When ships were equal historian, writer of fiction, and to ambitions, explorers set out to editor based in Wimbledon, find and claim Terra Australis— United Kingdom. As an said to be as large, rich and historian he is concerned with varied as all the northern lands both the messy detail of what combined. happened in the past and with Antipodes charts these how scholars “create” history. voyages—voyages both through Broad interests in philosophy, the imagination and across the psychology, biological sciences, high seas—in pursuit of the and philology are underpinned mythical Terra Australis. In doing by an abiding curiosity about so, the question is asked: how method and epistemology— could so many fail to see the how we get to knowledge and realities they encountered? And what we purport to do with how is it a mythical land held the it. Stallard sees great benefit gaze of an era famed for breaking in big picture history and the free the shackles of superstition? synthesis of existing corpuses of That Terra Australis did knowledge and is a proponent of not exist didn’t stop explorers greater consilience between the pursuing the continent to its sciences and humanities. Antarctic obsolescence, unwilling He lives with his wife, and to abandon the promise of such dog Javier.
    [Show full text]
  • An Intraseasonal Genesis Potential Index for Tropical Cyclones During Northern Hemisphere Summer
    15 NOVEMBER 2018 M O O N E T A L . 9055 An Intraseasonal Genesis Potential Index for Tropical Cyclones during Northern Hemisphere Summer JA-YEON MOON Climate Service and Research Department, Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center, Busan, South Korea BIN WANG Department of Atmospheric Sciences, International Pacific Research Center and Atmosphere–Ocean Research Center, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, and Earth System Modeling Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China SUN-SEON LEE Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, and Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea KYUNG-JA HA Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea (Manuscript received 9 August 2018, in final form 24 August 2018) ABSTRACT An intraseasonal genesis potential index (ISGPI) for Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer is proposed to quantify the anomalous tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) frequency induced by boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO). The most important factor controlling NH summer TCG is found as 500-hPa vertical motion (v500) caused by the prominent northward shift of large-scale circulation anomalies during BSISO evolution. The v500 with two secondary factors (850-hPa relative vorticity weighted by the Coriolis parameter and vertical shear of zonal winds) played an effective role globally and for each individual basin in the northern oceans. The relative contributions of these factors to TCG have minor differences by basins except for the western North Atlantic (NAT), where low-level vorticity becomes the most significant contributor. In the eastern NAT, the BSISO has little control of TCG because weak convective BSISO and dominant 10– 30-day circulation signal did not match the overall BSISO life cycle.
    [Show full text]