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Rwanda Education Country Status Report Toward Quality Enhancement

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Rwanda Education Country Status Report Toward Quality Enhancement 57926 RWANDA EDUCATION COUNTRY STATUS REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized TOWARD QUALITY ENHANCEMENT AND ACHIEVEMENT OF UNIVERSAL NINE YEAR BASIC EDUCATION An Education System in Transition; a Nation in Transition Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of Education www.mineduc.gov.rw ©2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA Telephone: 202 473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 5 09 08 07 10 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: [email protected]. ii Contents Page Contents ............................................................................................................................ iii Foreword ............................................................................................................................. ix Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... xi Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... xiii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................... 1 RÉSUMÉ ANALYTIQUE ................................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 20 An Education System in Transition ....................................................................................... 20 Objectives and Structure of this Report ................................................................................. 20 Main Findings of the 2004 CSR ............................................................................................. 22 Recent Reform Initiatives ....................................................................................................... 23 Demographic and Socio-Economic Context .......................................................................... 25 Aid Modalities and External Financing of the Education Sector ........................................... 29 Public Expenditure on Education ........................................................................................... 31 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 33 CHAPTER 2: GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT ............................................................... 35 Chapter Overview .................................................................................................................. 35 Decentralizing and Deconcentrating the Education Sector .................................................... 35 Analytical Framework ............................................................................................................ 38 Strategic Management ............................................................................................................ 39 Administration ........................................................................................................................ 44 Pedagogical Management ...................................................................................................... 48 Conclusions and Policy Implications ..................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER 3: SCHOOLING PATTERNS ................................................................................... 56 Chapter Overview .................................................................................................................. 56 Structure of the Education System ......................................................................................... 56 Enrollment Trends .................................................................................................................. 57 Overview of Schooling Dynamics ......................................................................................... 61 School Coverage Analysis ..................................................................................................... 63 Equity in School Coverage ..................................................................................................... 73 Equity in the Distribution of Public Resources ...................................................................... 78 Internal Efficiency .................................................................................................................. 80 Retention in Primary and Transition from Primary to Tronc Commun ................................. 84 Conclusions and Policy Implications ..................................................................................... 87 iii CHAPTER 4: QUALITY IN EDUCATION – LEARNING CONDITIONS AND OUTCOMES ...... 89 Chapter Overview .................................................................................................................. 89 Definition of Quality of Education in Rwanda ...................................................................... 89 Learning Conditions in Primary and Secondary Education ................................................... 91 Learning Outcomes ................................................................................................................ 97 Conclusions and Policy Implications ................................................................................... 105 CHAPTER 5: TEACHERS ....................................................................................................... 108 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................................ 108 Teacher Deployment and Characteristics ............................................................................. 108 Teacher Education ................................................................................................................ 116 Teacher Motivation and Incentives ...................................................................................... 126 Projected Teacher Demand .................................................................................................. 133 Conclusions and Policy Implications ................................................................................... 141 CHAPTER 6: COST AND FINANCING ................................................................................... 144 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................................ 144 Overview of Education Expenditure .................................................................................... 144 Public Recurrent Expenditure in 2008 ................................................................................. 149 Estimation of Average Unit Costs ........................................................................................ 156 Conclusions and Policy Implications ................................................................................... 161 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION: MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN A CHANGING EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................................... 163 Meeting Capacity Building Needs ....................................................................................... 163 Enhancing Access and Internal Efficiency ........................................................................... 164 Eliminating Disparities in Education ................................................................................... 165 Providing Quality Education for All .................................................................................... 165 Improving the Management and Deployment of Teachers .................................................
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