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As Representações Discursivas Sobre O Cavaleiro Bertrand Du Guesclin (†1380) Carmem Druciak

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As Representações Discursivas Sobre O Cavaleiro Bertrand Du Guesclin (†1380) Carmem Druciak A escrita da história na França de 1380 a 1404 : as representações discursivas sobre o cavaleiro Bertrand Du Guesclin (†1380) Carmem Druciak To cite this version: Carmem Druciak. A escrita da história na França de 1380 a 1404 : as representações discursivas sobre o cavaleiro Bertrand Du Guesclin (†1380). History. Université de Poitiers; Universidade federal do Paraná (Brésil), 2018. Portuguese. NNT : 2018POIT5002. tel-01992286 HAL Id: tel-01992286 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01992286 Submitted on 24 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. CARMEM LÚCIA DRUCIAK A escrita da história na França de 1380 a 1404: as representações discursivas sobre o cavaleiro Bertrand Du Guesclin (†1380) Tese apresentada como requisito à obtenção do grau de Doutora em História do Curso de Pós-Graduação em História, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes da Universidade Federal do Paraná em cotutela com a Université de Poitiers (CESCM). Orientação : Prof.ª Dr.ª Marcella Lopes Guimarães (UFPR) e Prof. Dr. Stéphane Boissellier (Un. de Poitiers) Curitiba, abril de 2018 THESE Pour l’obtention du Grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE POITIERS (Diplôme National - Arrêté du 25 mai 2016) U.F.R. : Sciences Humaines et Arts Ecole Doctorale : Lettres, Pensée, Arts et Histoire Section CNU : 21 Présentée par : Mme Carmem Lucia DRUCIAK ************************ L’écriture de l’histoire en France de 1380 à 1404 : les représentations narraves concernant le chevalier Bertrand Du Guesclin († 1380) ************************ Directeurs de Thèse : M Stéphane BOISSELLIER et Mme Marcella LOPES GUIMARAES (UFPR – Brésil) JURY Mme Andrea Carla DORÉ (UFPR – Brésil) Mme Fátima Regina FERNANDES (UFPR – Brésil) M Charles GARCIA (Université de Poitiers) Mme Isabelle GUYOT-BACHY (Université de Lorraine) M ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soutenue le : 12 juin 2018 ii Sumário I) Agradecimentos p. v II) Resumo p. vi III) Résumé p. vii IV) Abstract p. viii V) Resumo longo em francês p. ix 1) Introdução Geral p.1 2) Uma vida e um mito forjados pelas armas: a gesta de Bertrand Du Guesclin p. 13 2.1) Introdução à primeira parte p. 13 2.2) Cavaleiro antes da cavalaria: o cerco de Rennes (1356-1357) p. 23 2.3) Pela causa do rei: a batalha de Cocherel, quinta-feira, 16 de maio de 1364 p. 34 2.4) Cavaleiro adubado: a batalha de Auray, domingo, 29 de setembro de 1364 p. 50 2.5) Legitimado pelos poderosos: a Campanha das Grandes Companhias p. 61 2.5.1) A campanha das Grandes Companhias como banimento dos mercenários p. 61 2.5.2) Intrépido prisioneiro e fiel aos Valois: as batalhas de Nájera e Montiel p. 72 2.6) Du Guesclin, condestável das hostes régias (2 de outubro de 1370) p. 85 2.7) O nascimento do mito: a morte de Bertrand Du Guesclin em 13 de julho de 1380 p. 99 3) A Escrita da História na França da Baixa Idade Média p. 113 3.1) Introdução à segunda parte p. 113 3.2) A representação na história e a poética do relato cronístico p. 119 3.3) A memória nos prólogos de Cuvelier, do autor anônimo e de Christine de Pizan p. 128 3.4) La chanson de Bertrand Du Guesclin de Cuvelier (1380-1385) e o uso renovado de p. 136 um gênero estabelecido 3.5) Histoire de Messire Bertrand Du Guesclin (1387) e a prosa historiográfica p. 154 3.6) Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roi Charles V de Christine de Pizan (1404) p. 166 e a historiografia a serviço de uma dinastia 4) A cavalaria como tema da Escrita da História na França da Baixa Idade Média p. 179 4.1) Introdução à terceira parte p. 179 4.2) Philippe de Mézières e a proposta de uma nova cavalaria para a defesa do bem p. 183 comum 4.3) Honoré Bovet e o perfil de um bom cavaleiro p. 205 4.4) O conceito de cavalaria na Chanson de Cuvelier, na Histoire do autor anônimo e no p. 219 Livre des fais de Christine de Pizan 4.5) Bertrand Du Guesclin como preux chevalier na Chanson de Cuvelier, na Histoire do p. 231 autor anônimo e no Livre des fais de Christine de Pizan 5) Conclusão p. 238 6) Anexos p. 244 6.1) Dossiê iconográfico p. 244 6.2) Quadro comparativo dos despachos régios p. 247 7) Referências bibliográficas p. 249 iii Table de matières I) Remerciements p. v II) Resumo en portugais p. vi III) Résumé p. vii IV) Abstract p. viii V) Résumé long en langue française p. ix 1) Introduction générale p.1 2) Une vie et un mythe forjés par les armes : la geste de Bertrand Du Guesclin p. 13 2.1) Introduction à la première partie p. 13 2.2) Chevalier avant la chevalerie : le siège de Rennes (1356-1357) p. 23 2.3) Pour la cause du roi : la bataille de Cocherel, jeudi 16 mai 1364 p. 34 2.4) Chevalier adoubé : la bataille d’Auray, dimanche 29 septembre 1364 p. 50 2.5) Légitimé par les puissants : la Campagne des Grandes Compagnies p. 61 2.5.1) La Campanha des Grandes Compagnies en tant que banissement des p. 61 mercenaires 2.5.2) Prisonnier hardi et fidèle aux Valois : les batailles de Nájera et Montiel p. 72 2.6) Du Guesclin, connétable des armées royales, 2 octobre 1370 p. 85 2.7) La naissance du mythe : la mort de Bertrand Du Guesclin le 13 juillet 1380 p. 99 3) L’Écriture de l’Histoire en France au Bas Moyen Âge p. 113 3.1) Introdução à la deuxième partie p. 113 3.2) La représentation en histoire et la poétique du récit historique p. 119 3.3) La mémoire dans les prologues de Cuvelier, de l’auteur anonyme et de Christine de p. 128 Pizan 3.4) La chanson de Bertrand Du Guesclin de Cuvelier (1380-1385) et l’usage renouvelé p. 136 d’un genre établi 3.5) Histoire de Messire Bertrand Du Guesclin (1387) et la prose historiografique p. 154 3.6) Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roi Charles V de Christine de Pizan (1404) p. 166 et l’historiografie au service d’une dynastie 4) La chevalerie comme thème de l’Écriture de l’Histoire en France au Bas Moyen Âge p. 179 4.1) Introduction à la troisième partie p. 179 4.2) Philippe de Mézières et la proposition d’une nouvelle chevalerie pour la défense du p. 183 bien commun 4.3) Honoré Bovet et le portrait d’un bon chevalier p. 205 4.4) Le concept de chevalerie dans la Chanson de Cuvelier, dans l’ Histoire de l’auteur p. 219 anonyme et dans le Livre des fais de Christine de Pizan 4.5) Bertrand Du Guesclin en tant que preux chevalier dans la Chanson de Cuvelier, dans p. 231 l’ Histoire de l’auteur anonyme et dans le Livre des fais de Christine de Pizan 5) Conclusion p. 238 6) Anexes p. 244 6.1) Dossier iconographique p. 244 6.2) Tableau comparatif des ordonnances royales p. 247 7) Références bibliographiques p. 249 iv I) Agradecimentos Agradeço a meus orientadores, Prof.ª Dr.ª Marcella Lopes Guimarães e Prof. Dr. Stéphane Boissellier pelo trabalho que dedicaram a meu projeto nesses últimos anos e que agora chega a seu termo, para mim, motivo de grande satisfação. Da mesma forma, agradeço aos examinadores, Prof.ª Fátima Regina Fernandes, Prof.ª Dr.ª Andréa Doré, Prof.ª Dr.ª Isabelle Guyot-Bachy e Prof. Dr. Charles Garcia pela leitura e preciosa contribuição para a conclusão desta tese. Sou grata à minha família, aos amigos e aos colegas que contribuíram, cada um a seu modo, para a realização deste trabalho. Não posso deixar de expressar meu agradecimento a Deus que, em Jesus Cristo, dá sentido a tudo que faço em minha vida. v II) Resumo A presente tese analisa as representações discursivas sobre o cavaleiro Bertrand Du Guesclin na escrita da história na França da Baixa Idade Média, nas obras do trovador Cuvelier, La chanson de Bertrand Du Guesclin (1385), do autor anônimo da Histoire de Messire Bertrand Du Guesclin (1387) e de Christine de Pizan em seu Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roi Charles V (1404). Nossa análise se pauta sobre os conceitos de representação na história de Paul Ricoeur, com ênfase nos preceitos de representância e de identidade narrativa do autor, bem como na poética do relato histórico , metodologia desenvolvida por Leonardo Funes. A partir da leitura das fontes, verificamos que a construção da identidade narrativa de Bertrand Du Guesclin pelos autores se dava sobre uma reflexão do perfil de um preux chevalier , e principalmente sobre a cavalaria que estava em transformação naquele final de século XIV. Com base nessa análise, apontamos que a Escrita da História elegeu Bertrand Du Guesclin como modelo para uma redefinição da cavalaria cujos princípios se dariam pelo serviço à coroa francesa, pela disposição permanente das tropas, pela remuneração regular e pela performance guerreira de seus membros em detrimento dos laços linhagísticos. Palavras-chave: Escrita da história; Representação; Cavalaria francesa; Bertrand Du Guesclin. vi III) Résumé La présente thèse analyse les représentations narratives concernant le chevalier Bertrand Du Guesclin dans l'écriture de l'histoire en France du Bas Moyen Age, dans les œuvres du trouvère Cuvelier, La chanson de Bertrand Du Guesclin (1385), l'auteur anonyme de l’Histoire de Messire Bertrand Du Guesclin (1387) et Christine de Pizan dans son Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roi Charles V (1404).
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