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A Winter Survey of Syrian Wetlands Final Report of the Syrian Wetland Expedition January – February 2004

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A Winter Survey of Syrian Wetlands Final Report of the Syrian Wetland Expedition January – February 2004 A Winter Survey of Syrian Wetlands Final Report of the Syrian Wetland Expedition January – February 2004 Murdoch DA, Vos R, Abdallah A, Abdallah M, Andrews I, al-Asaad A, van Beusekom R, Hofland R, Roth T, Saveyn B, Serra G and Wells C A Winter Survey of Syrian Wetlands Final Report of the Syrian Wetland Expedition, January – February 2004 Murdoch DA, Vos R, Abdallah A, Abdallah M, Andrews I, al-Asaad A, van Beusekom R, Hofland R, Roth T, Saveyn B, Serra G and Wells C (2005) COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Iraq Babbler by Ian Andrews Please cite this report as follows: 1. Within a text; ‘(Murdoch et al 2005)’. 2. In a reference list; Murdoch, DA, Vos R, Abdallah A, Abdallah M, Andrews I, al-Asaad A, van Beusekom R, Hofland R, Roth T, Saveyn B, Serra G and Wells C. A Winter Survey of Syrian Wetlands (Final Report of the Syrian Wetland Expedition, January – February 2004). Privately published. London UK. 2 Contents List of tables and maps 4 Abbreviations 5 Participants 5 Financial support 5 Nomenclature 5 Acknowledgements 6 Introduction 7 Aims of expedition 7 Background 7 Wetlands of major importance 8 Methods 9 Results 10 Team itineraries 10 Sites information 44 Species list 68 Conservation Issues 100 Gifts and donations 101 Summary and Recommendations 102 Tables 108 References 124 Appendix 1: Index of sites 125 Appendix 2: Site Maps 127 3 List of Tables and Maps Tables 1 Total numbers of waterbird species recorded, Syrian Wetland Expedition, Jannuary-February 2004 108 2 Lake of Homs counts, January 2004 110 3 Lake Tishreen counts, January 2004 111 4 Ba’ath Lake counts, January 2004 112 5 Lake Assad (sample sites) counts, January 2004 113 6 River Euphrates (North) counts, January 2004 114 7 River Euphrates (South) counts, January 2004 116 8 Miscellaneous wetlands counts, January 2004 117 9 Index of wetland sites in Syria with assessment of condition and conservation significance 118 10 Non-wetland sites visited during the Expedition 122 11 Recommendations regarding IBA status of sites visited during the Expedition 122 12 Further recommended fieldwork on Syrian wetlands/ wetland species with assessment of degree of urgency 123 Maps 1 Syria – showing key sites visited 7 2 Sabkhat al-Jabbul 127 3 Lake Tishreen 128 4 Western oxbows 129 5 Central oxbows 130 6 Mheimideh 131 7 Eastern oxbows 132 8 Abu Hammam 133 9 Lake of Homs 134 10 Khabur 135 4 Abbreviations IBA Important Bird Area Directions N, S, E, W and NW, NE, SW, SE for north, south, east, west and north-west, north-east, south-west, south-east P present NC not counted Wxx (1-33) IA’s nomenclature (developed using satellite photographs) of promising wetland sites Rxx refers to IA’s nomenclature of promising riverine habitat Pxx refers to GPS co-ordinates (see Appendix 1) (50000) an estimated number Participants’ names – see below Participants Name Abbreviation Nationality Team Ahmed Abdallah AA Syria C Mahmoud Abdallah MA Syria B Ian Andrews IA UK B Adeeb al-Asaad Aal-A Syria A Ruud van Beusekom RB Netherlands C Remco Hofland RH Netherlands C David Murdoch DM UK A Tobias Roth TR Switzerland A Bert Saveyn BS Belgium B Gianluca Serra GS Italy B Rene Vos RV Netherlands C Colin Wells CW UK A Contact address Dr. David Murdoch, Flat 3, 5 Eaton Crescent, Bristol BS8 2EJ, UK email: [email protected] Financial support This project was supported by funds from the following sources, to which we would like to express our thanks: • Van Tienhoven Foundation • Ornithological Society of the Middle East (OSME) • Birdlife International • African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) • Avifauna • North of England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo Nomenclature For English and scientific names we have largely followed Porter, Christensen and Schiermacker-Hansen (1996). 5 Acknowledgements We wish to thank Keith Betton, Dawn Balmer and Mike Blair of OSME for their invaluable support and advice. We were privileged to meet the Governor of ar-Raqqa Province, His Excellency Faisal Qasim, who showed great interest in the work of the Expedition. We are very grateful to to Dr. Imad Hassoun Hosmi (Deputy Minister of Ministry of Local Affairs and Environment) and Dr. Akram Darwish (Director of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Directorate, Ministry of Local Administration and Environment), for providing governmental documentation that greatly assisted the work of the Expedition. We are very grateful to Mr. Osama al-Nouri of Transtour for his invaluable support for the Expedition, in particular for providing four-wheel drive vehicles; the A-team much appreciated his hospitality on their last evening. Mr. Saleh Mohammmed (Tour Co-ordinator, Transtour) kindly met Expedition members at Damascus and Aleppo Airport. Mr. Mohammed al-Sageer, of the Environmental Protection Co-operative in ar-Raqqa, also kindly entertained us in ar-Raqqa. Mr. Imad Dahman gave invaluable advice on how to survey Sabkhat al-Jabbul. We wish to acknowledge with gratitude the outstanding hospitality of many Syrians that made visiting Syria such a pleasant experience. 6 7 MAP 1 Syria (showing key sites visited) Introduction Aims of the Expedition: 1. To improve knowledge of Syria’s wetland birds, particularly of species threatened on a global scale, by: • making counts of significant winter visitors, particularly wildfowl, waders and raptors • making observations of the distribution of resident species and documenting fully records of globally important populations • identifying areas of conservation value. 2. To encourage study and conservation of wildlife in Syria, by • forming links with Syrian nationals, training them in conservation techniques and supplying them with relevant equipment and information • documenting threats to wildlife and habitats, in particular hunting pressure. Background Little is known about the Syrian avifauna. The inventory ‘The Important Bird Areas in the Middle East’ (Evans 1994) - referred to as the IBA Inventory - stated that ‘Many parts of the country have never been visited by birdwatchers, and there has been almost no systematic fieldwork.’ The IBA Inventory was based on observations by Kumerloeve in the 1960s (Kumerloeve 1967-69, 1972), MacFarlane in the 1970s (MacFarlane 1978) and Baumgart and Stephan in the early 1980s (Baumgart and Stephan 1986a, 1986b); these were summarised in ‘The Birds of Syria’ (Baumgart, Kasparek and Stephan 1995). Most of these observations were made over 20 years ago, since when the population has increased rapidly and there have been major changes in agricultural practices. It is likely that Syria’s wildlife has changed dramatically in this period. There have been few recent systematic observations, but independent visits by holidaying European birdwatchers (trip reports published at OSME website, eg Hofland 1994, Wester 1998, Vandemeutter and Soors 2001, Murdoch 2002, Murdoch 2003) have indicated that much of the information in the IBA Inventory is outdated. Some IBAs have been severely damaged (Murdoch 2002) and it seems unlikely that significant bustard populations can still winter in the now densely populated northern steppes. On the positive side, there have been significant range extensions, notably of Iraq Babbler Turdoides altirostris, a species endemic to the Mesopotamian basin (Vandemeutter and Soors 2001, Murdoch 2003). The most exciting discovery was the location of a tiny colony of Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita by Serra et al in April 2002 (Serra et al 2003) in the desert mountains near Palmyra. An expedition to Syria was organised for the winter of 2003-04 under the auspices of OSME. Its major objective was to make a comprehensive assessment of Syria’s wetlands, with a secondary aim to train and support Syrian conservationists. 8 Wetlands of major importance: This list follows the IBA Inventory (Evans 1994). All Important Bird Areas (IBAs) are numbered accordingly. 1. Sabkhat al-Jabbul (Jabbul Salt-lake; IBA 006; a Ramsar site) This large salt-lake is south of Jabbul village and 35 km south-east of Aleppo. It used to dry out in most summers but the IBA Inventory (Evans 1994) states that the water level had become higher and more stable with Phragmites beds on its southern shores; in the early 1990s, the lake measured about 20 x 5 km (Evans 1994). Before the Expedition, there were recent observations of an interesting variety of herons, ducks and waders, notably Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris and White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala (Wester 1998, Vandemeutter and Soors 2001); 150-170 White-headed Ducks were counted on 6 Feb 2003 (G. Serra pers comm). Its international importance has been recognised by Ramsar site status in 1998. A comprehensive count of such a large area was expected to be a major undertaking requiring several days’ fieldwork and access to a four-wheel drive vehicle. 2. Euphrates Valley (IBA 010), including Lake Assad (IBA 007) and Ba’ath Lake (IBA 008) The entire Euphrates valley from Turkey to Iraq (420 km long) was included in the IBA Inventory, although very few data were available when it was compiled. The Inventory indicated that the valley was a very important migration route for waterbirds such as storks, waders and terns, and for passerines. Lake Assad, a reservoir of 63,000 ha constructed in the 1960s, was visited in the 1970s, when huge numbers of geese and waterfowl were noted; hundreds of Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons were seen on a brief visit in 2002. Ba’ath Lake is a shallow reservoir 10 km long just below the dam that forms Lake Assad; when it was surveyed in November 1992, good numbers of ducks were recorded. A brief visit in June 2003 revealed a large wetland in good condition. Almost all the information on other sites has come from holidaying birdwatchers. Mheimideh/Sfeira Tahtani, a small oxbow near Deir ez-Zor, has been visited on several occasions (Hofland 1994, Murdoch 2003); White-headed Duck, Marbled Teal, Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca and Iraq Babbler are known to breed (Murdoch 2003).
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