DOCSLIB.ORG

2019 Cultural Journeys

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ZEGRAHM EXPEDITIONS PRESENTS 2019 CULTURAL JOURNEYS Contents Dear Adventurer, Zegrahm Expeditions and Travcoa—two companies synonymous with immersive, 2 Ethiopia with the Timket Festival inventively crafted journeys—have created a lineup of distinct cultural experiences in the 4 Cultural Gems of Sri Lanka world’s most exotic locales! We’re calling this collaboration Cultural Journeys Inspired 6 Intriguing Indochina by Travcoa, and are thrilled to share these adventures with you. Those of you who have traveled on Travcoa’s Escorted Journeys in the past can expect the same quality and 8 Cultural Treasures of Northern Vietnam & Laos services that Travcoa has cultivated over the past 60 years, with added benefits that guests have grown to love from Zegrahm. 10 DEARMystical Israel 12 Imperial Japan Continuing the Travcoa tradition of delivering meaningful, memorable, and valuable experiences, journeys are limited to 12 to 18 guests, allowing for an intimate experience 14 Morocco: Minarets & Medinas and the chance to get to know your fellow travelers. Exquisite accommodations are a 16 Bhutan: Journey Through hallmark of these journeys; you’ll stay in spacious rooms with stunning views, at the a Himalayan Kingdom ADVENTURER,world’s leading hotels and select boutique properties. You’ll also enjoy the services of 18 Along the Dalmatian Coast: an experienced Travel Director (your personal trip concierge), expert local guides, and Croatia & Slovenia the generous Dine-Around Program.* 20 Cultural Mongolia with the Naadam Festival In addition to all of these benefits, all Cultural Journeys Inspired by Travcoa will now 22 Uruguay & Argentina: Tango, include intra-tour airfare, gratuities to your Travel Director, an $80 per person gear credit, Vino & Patagonian Glaciers and medical expense coverage and emergency evacuation insurance in the upfront cost. 24 In the Footsteps of the Pharaohs This all-inclusive experience allows for less complexity while traveling and is the perfect setup to enjoy your journey without worrying about additional costs. Within these pages you’ll discover tried-and-true Travcoa favorites, like Intriguing Indochina and Imperial Japan, along with exciting new itineraries like Cultural Gems of Sri Lanka and Ethiopia with the Timket Festival. I hope this catalog will inspire you to discover more of the fascinating world we live in on one (or more) of these carefully crafted journeys. To make your reservation, contact your travel consultant, or an Expedition Advisor at 844.482.6044 today. Warm regards, Van Perry President *Dine-Around Program Many years ago, Travcoa created the most generous and flexible travel dining plan imaginable: dine wherever you wish, and we’ll pick up the bill! It’s really that simple, with no limits on where you dine or the price of a meal. Enjoy any restaurant, inside or outside of the hotel and, with the exception of caviar and alcohol, it’s all included in the upfront tour price; even the service charges and gratuities. In that spirit, you can enjoy the flexibility of dining anywhere, giving you the peace of mind that comes with knowing the cost of your adventure before you even depart. Whether you make advance reservations for fine dining at a renowned, Michelin-starred restaurant or discover a small, family-run place for yourself, we believe it’s all about thoroughly enjoying the moment—without having to worry about unexpected costs. Meet Your Travel Directors Travcoa Travel Directors are renowned for their connections and ability to personalize journeys to the preferences of their travelers to create special, “WOW” moments. Whether setting up a private tour, or making reservations at a top restaurant, our Travel Directors are available to make all of your travel dreams come true. Pamela Boudrot Pamela has been a Shirley Campbell Dr. Shirley Campbell Travel Director since 1991, and her career is a social anthropologist and Research has taken her all over the world. She has led Fellow at the Australian National University, tours to Dubai, China, Scandinavia, Greece, with a special interest in the indigenous Italy, Cuba, Croatia, Ireland, and all over the peoples of Australia, Melanesia, and the US and Canada. She has an obvious love of Pacific. Her impressive academic career history, culture, and travel. Pamela grew up in has led to a sound knowledge of many the Boston area and attended Emerson College. cultures and the theoretical foundations She was an instructor for over 15 years at the prestigious tour that human societies share. In addition to contributing to several management school, I.T.M.I. (International Tour Management academic publications, she has written a book recounting her time Institute), a school from which she herself is a graduate. Join Pamela in the Trobriand Islands, The Art of Kula. Join Shirley on Cultural on Dalmatian Coast (May) and Imperial Japan (October). Treasures of Northern Vietnam & Laos. Harry Davis Harry has led journeys for Marta Luna A native of Buenos Aires, Travcoa for over 30 years. While he has Argentina, Marta speaks Portuguese, traveled the world over, his favorite destination French, Italian, and English. She’s an to share with fellow explorers is the Middle “insatiable traveler,” very interested in East—Harry has led over 60 tours to the history, art, and literature, and paints as region and lived in Egypt for over a year. a hobby. Marta became an American He believes that the birthplace of so many citizen in 1983 and the same year, began religions, coupled with ancient history and accompanying and translating for special modern development, offers the curious traveler an experience groups such as archaeologists and museum curators. She has found nowhere else. Join Harry on Mystical Israel, Morocco: served as a Travel Director for Travcoa since 1985, and lives in Minarets & Medinas, and In the Footsteps of the Pharaohs. both Argentina and Italy. Join Marta on Uruguay & Argentina. Amber Medkiff Amber is a graduate Tese Neighbor After receiving her BA of the University of London, and prior to in Journalism and Political Science from entering the travel industry, lived in Florence Indiana University, Tese worked in Beijing working in fashion design. She also worked in the early 1980s as the English editor for an international incentive company, for China Pictorial magazine and taught taking care of top entertainers and CEOs English at Beijing University. In Hong from Fortune 500 companies. Amber Kong, she organized some of the first speaks French, Italian, and Spanish, and bicycle tours across China and worked is a member of the Italian Institute and the French Institute as a freelance writer/photographer for publications such of San Francisco, where she resides. Join Amber on Intriguing as the Asian Wall Street Journal. Tese received her MA in Indochina (February), Imperial Japan (April), and Dalmatian China Regional Studies and Seattle is now her home-base. Coast (September). Join Tese on Cultural Mongolia. Jan Wheatley Jan was born in Logan, Gary Wintz Gary graduated cum Utah, and grew up in Newport Beach, laude from Michigan’s Duns Scotus California, where he studied political science College with a degree in philosophy. He and design. His travel career began in has spent the last 35 years outside the US 1977, escorting groups for the National researching, writing, and lecturing about Retired Teachers Association of America. distant lands and cultures, and has traveled His career advanced as he became associated to over 220 countries and territories. with People to People, leading political Gary was one of the first Westerners to delegations around the world. Working with Travcoa has been actually reside in Tibet since the communist Chinese occupation the highlight of his travel career, helping curious travelers discover and has met with His Holiness the Dalai Lama many times. exotic locales. Join Jan on Ethiopia with the Timket Festival, Join Gary on Bhutan: Journey through a Himalayan Kingdom. Cultural Gems of Sri Lanka, and Intriguing Indochina (November). ZEGRAHM EXPEDITIONS | 2019 | CULTURAL JOURNEYS INSPIRED BY TRAVCOA 1 ETHIOPIA WITH THE TIMKET FESTIVAL January 10 – 21, 2019 | 12 Days | Travel Director: Jan Wheatley RED Axum SEA Journey Highlights Gondar • Attend the Timket Festival in Lalibela and witness exuberant songs, spontaneous dances, and colorful Bahir Dar Lalibela GULF OF ADEN processions. • Search for several endemic species—gelada baboons, Ethiopian wolves, klipspringers, and bushbucks—in Addis Ababa Simien Mountains National Park. • Visit some of the earliest churches known to Langano ETHIOPIA Christendom—the ancient rock-hewn churches of Bale Mountain Lalibela, Ethiopia’s “New Jerusalem.” Jinka Arba Minch National Park • Take a cruise on Lake Tana and step ashore on several Konso Main Tour Turmi Extension islands where you will find beautiful monasteries and MAP NOT TO SCALE churches, some dating back to the 14th century. $9,980 per person, double occupancy Rates $11,980 per person, solo occupancy Limited to 12 guests. You will need to purchase airfare from your home city/Addis Ababa and Addis Ababa/home city. Domestic flights within Ethiopia are included in the cost of the journey. Please contact our in-house Air Department for fare quotes, reservations, or other air-related questions. A 25% per person deposit will secure your space on this journey. OPTIONAL POST-TRIP EXTENSION TO THE OMO VALLEY GELADA BABOON LALIBELA January 20 – 28, 2019 2 TO LEARN MORE, VISIT ZEGRAHM.COM/TIMKET-FESTIVAL CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF ZION BLUE NILE FALLS Wednesday, January 16 Itinerary GONDAR / SIMIEN MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK Based on the expeditionary nature of our trips, there may be ongoing This morning, travel to Simien Mountains National Park, enhancements to this itinerary. made up of several plateaus separated by broad river valleys, with many peaks soaring over 13,000 feet. This Thursday & Friday, January 10 & 11, 2019 UNESCO World Heritage Site offers three botanical areas, DEPART USA / ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA a wide variety of flora, and some of Africa’s most dramatic Arrive in Addis Ababa early on Friday and transfer to your scenery.
Recommended publications
  • Water Access and Distribution in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

    Water Access and Distribution in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

    From Public Pipes to Private Hands Water Access and Distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Marianne Kjellén Department of Human Geography Stockholm University 2006 Abstract In cities around the world, public water systems have increasingly come to be operated by private companies. Along with an internationally funded investment program to refurbish the dilapidated water infrastructure, private operations were tested also in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only about a third of the households, however, are reached by the piped water system; most households purchase water from those with pipe-connections or private boreholes. Thus, water distribution was informally privatized by way of water vending long before formal private sector participation began. This thesis explores individual and collective endeavors in water development, distribution, and access, along with the global and local influences that shaped the privatization exercise. With regard to the lease of Dar es Salaam’s water system, the institutional set-up has been found to mix the British and French models, having influenced the local situation through development assistance and conditionalities tied to loans. The institutional contradictions may have contributed to the conflictive cancellation of the lease arrangement. Due to the public utility company’s lack of operating capital and investment planning, infrastructure development has responded mainly to immediate individual demands, resulting in a spaghetti-like network and structural leakage. The long-standing under-performance and low coverage of the piped water system have forced many people to devise their own ways to access water. This thesis argues that the individually devised artisan ways of water provisioning constitute the lifeline of Dar es Salaam’s water system.
  • CHAP 9 Sri Lanka

    CHAP 9 Sri Lanka

    79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura
  • Facets-Of-Modern-Ceylon-History-Through-The-Letters-Of-Jeronis-Pieris.Pdf

    Facets-Of-Modern-Ceylon-History-Through-The-Letters-Of-Jeronis-Pieris.Pdf

    FACETS OF MODERN CEYLON HISTORY THROUGH THE LETTERS OF JERONIS PIERIS BY MICHAEL ROBERT Hannadige Jeronis Pieris (1829-1894) was educated at the Colombo Academy and thereafter joined his in-laws, the brothers Jeronis and Susew de Soysa, as a manager of their ventures in the Kandyan highlands. Arrack-renter, trader, plantation owner, philanthro- pist and man of letters, his career pro- vides fascinating sidelights on the social and economic history of British Ceylon. Using Jeronis Pieris's letters as a point of departure and assisted by the stock of knowledge he has gather- ed during his researches into the is- land's history, the author analyses several facets of colonial history: the foundations of social dominance within indigenous society in pre-British times; the processes of elite formation in the nineteenth century; the process of Wes- ternisation and the role of indigenous elites as auxiliaries and supporters of the colonial rulers; the events leading to the Kandyan Marriage Ordinance no. 13 of 1859; entrepreneurship; the question of the conflict for land bet- ween coffee planters and villagers in the Kandyan hill-country; and the question whether the expansion of plantations had disastrous effects on the stock of cattle in the Kandyan dis- tricts. This analysis is threaded by in- formation on the Hannadige- Pieris and Warusahannadige de Soysa families and by attention to the various sources available to the historians of nineteenth century Ceylon. FACETS OF MODERN CEYLON HISTORY THROUGH THE LETTERS OF JERONIS PIERIS MICHAEL ROBERTS HANSA PUBLISHERS LIMITED COLOMBO - 3, SKI LANKA (CEYLON) 4975 FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1975 This book is copyright.
  • And of the Sinhalese (Tfecese)

    And of the Sinhalese (Tfecese)

    The Story of the [and of the Sinhalese (tfeCese) Ariesen Ahubudu Translated in to English by Nuwansiri Jayakuru B.A (Hon.) cey A Stamford Lake Publication 2012 First Print 2012 8 Ariesen Ahubudu Translated in to English by Nuwansiri Jayakuru (B.A.Hon) cey. ISBN 978-955-658-313-7 Price: Rs. 350.00 Type Setting by Stamford lake Cover Design by Rex Hamilton Fernando Printed and Published by Stamford Lake (Pvt) Ltd. 366, High Level Road, Pannipitiya, Sri Lanka. Tele/Fax : 011-2846002, 011-4208134 E-mail: [email protected] Web purchasing: www.lakehousebookshop.com INTRODUCTION 'Hela Sada Peheliya' is a book that I began to write giving detailed meanings to Sinhala (Hela) words in the style of a dictionary. My intention is to divide it into a number of Volumes such as 'Hela Derana Vaga' (the story of the land of the Sinhalese-Helese), Hela Avurudu Vaga (the story of the Hela New Year), Hela Gam Nam Vaga (the story of the village names of the Helese), Hela Dev Vaga (the story of the Hela Gods), Hela Bas Vaga (the story of the Hela Language), Rukliya Vaga (the story of the trees and creepers) Sat Vaga (the story of animals), Siruru Vaga (the story of the human body), Do Satara Vaga (the story of Astrology) Keli Vaga (the story of our games) Na Siya Vaga (the story of relationships). Hela Derana Vaga is the first in that series. Since it is bulky in terms of facts and size, I thought of having it published as a separate book.
  • The Journal of Gemmology Editor: Dr R.R

    The Journal of Gemmology Editor: Dr R.R

    he Journa TGemmolog Volume 25 No. 8 October 1997 The Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain 27 Greville Street, London Eel N SSU Tel: 0171 404 1134 Fax: 0171 404 8843 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gagtl.ac.uklgagtl President: Professor R.A. Howie Vice-Presidents: LM. Bruton, Af'. ram, D.C. Kent, R.K. Mitchell Honorary Fellows: R.A. Howie, R.T. Liddicoat Inr, K. Nassau Honorary Life Members: D.). Callaghan, LA. lobbins, H. Tillander Council of Management: C.R. Cavey, T.]. Davidson, N.W. Decks, R.R. Harding, I. Thomson, V.P. Watson Members' Council: Aj. Allnutt, P. Dwyer-Hickey, R. fuller, l. Greatwood. B. jackson, J. Kessler, j. Monnickendam, L. Music, l.B. Nelson, P.G. Read, R. Shepherd, C.H. VVinter Branch Chairmen: Midlands - C.M. Green, North West - I. Knight, Scottish - B. jackson Examiners: A.j. Allnutt, M.Sc., Ph.D., leA, S.M. Anderson, B.Se. (Hons), I-CA, L. Bartlett, 13.Se, .'vI.phil., I-G/\' DCi\, E.M. Bruton, FGA, DC/\, c.~. Cavey, FGA, S. Coelho, B.Se, I-G,\' DGt\, Prof. A.T. Collins, B.Sc, Ph.D, A.G. Good, FGA, f1GA, Cj.E. Halt B.Sc. (Hons), FGr\, G.M. Howe, FG,'\, oo-, G.H. jones, B.Se, PhD., FCA, M. Newton, B.Se, D.PhiL, H.L. Plumb, B.Sc., ICA, DCA, R.D. Ross, B.5e, I-GA, DGA, P..A.. Sadler, 13.5c., IGA, DCA, E. Stern, I'GA, DC/\, Prof. I.
  • Thesis Organization

    Thesis Organization

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2012-03 Role of Military in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka Herath, Ihalagedera Herath Mudiyanselage Nishantha Nandaji Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6812 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ROLE OF MILITARY IN POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION IN SRI LANKA by Ihalagedera Herath Mudiyanselage Nishantha Nandaji Herath March 2012 Thesis Advisor: Douglas Porch Second Reader: Arturo Sotomayor Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED March 2012 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Role of Military in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Ihalagedera Herath Mudiyanselage Nishantha Nandaji Herath 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8.
  • GEOGRAPHY Grade 11 (For Grade 11, Commencing from 2008)

    GEOGRAPHY Grade 11 (For Grade 11, Commencing from 2008)

    GEOGRAPHY Grade 11 (for Grade 11, commencing from 2008) Teachers' Instructional Manual Department of Social Sciences Faculty of Languages, Humanities and Social Sciences National Institute of Education Maharagama. 2008 i Geography Grade 11 Teachers’ Instructional Manual © National Institute of Education First Print in 2007 Faculty of Languages, Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Social Science National Institute of Education Printing: The Press, National Institute of Education, Maharagama. ii Forward Being the first revision of the Curriculum for the new millenium, this could be regarded as an approach to overcome a few problems in the school system existing at present. This curriculum is planned with the aim of avoiding individual and social weaknesses as well as in the way of thinking that the present day youth are confronted. When considering the system of education in Asia, Sri Lanka was in the forefront in the field of education a few years back. But at present the countries in Asia have advanced over Sri Lanka. Taking decisions based on the existing system and presenting the same repeatedly without a new vision is one reason for this backwardness. The officers of the National Institute of Education have taken courage to revise the curriculum with a new vision to overcome this situation. The objectives of the New Curriculum have been designed to enable the pupil population to develop their competencies by way of new knowledge through exploration based on their existing knowledge. A perfectly new vision in the teachers’ role is essential for this task. In place of the existing teacher-centred method, a pupil-centred method based on activities and competencies is expected from this new educa- tional process in which teachers should be prepared to face challenges.
  • The Worldmaking Role of Sri Lankan Travel Writers: Negotiating Structure and Agency in the Study of Travel Representations

    The Worldmaking Role of Sri Lankan Travel Writers: Negotiating Structure and Agency in the Study of Travel Representations

    The Worldmaking Role of Sri Lankan Travel Writers: Negotiating Structure and Agency in the Study of Travel Representations Gauthami Kamalika Jayathilaka Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy September 2019 i The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Assertion of moral rights The right of Gauthami Kamalika Jayathilaka to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Gauthami Kamalika Jayathilaka in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. ii Acknowledgements Foremost, I extend my sincere gratitude to my two supervisors Dr Rodanthi Tzanelli and Prof Nick Emmel for their continued patience and unparalleled support throughout the three years leading up to the completion of this study. I thank you both for the inspiring stories, anecdotes and the humour that made an otherwise dreary process seem more exciting and enjoyable. Above all, I appreciate your guidance and encouragement from the incipient stages of this research to the very end. I am also grateful to the University of Leeds for granting me with the Leeds Anniversary Research Scholarship, the financial assistance without which this journey could not have been possible. This research project could also not have been conceivable if not for the interview participants who committed to supporting the process of data collection despite their busy schedules.
  • Society and ( Time Ideology of Troubles', in Ceylon During A

    Society and ( Time Ideology of Troubles', in Ceylon During A

    Society and Ideology in Ceylon during a ( Time of Troubles', /795-/850. (2) THE RISE OF ECONOMIC INDIVIDUALISM 'No economic order can be brought into existence so long as the corresponding human type does not also emerge'. (KARL 1I!AN?\HEI11) HE Sir Henry Maine, in a classic phrase, suggested that' the move- ment of the progressive societies has hitherto been a movement from W status to contract', he was adverting to that momentous historical process by which individual obligation took the place of group-sanctions as the organizing principle of dynamic or ' progressive' societies.! Certain societies were clearly more < progressive' than others in this sense, and among the least 'progressive' were the static communities of the Eternal East. Social organization and social philosophy bowray this c progress', and the processes of social change which characterize a Time of Troubles are seldom intelligible unless society and ideology are regarded as correlated variables. An exposi- tion of two' ideal types' of social order is a necessary methodological pre- requisite for an analysis of the interactions between society and ideology in Ceylon during the period under review.s In a society governed by what Tennies distinguishes as gemeinschaft social relations, the individual is conscious of himself only through some general category such as the family, the community, the tribe, or the guild.s In these sociocentric communities, 'individualism' is but imperfectly deve- loped; in extreme cases even natural events are normatively interpreted through the medium of the principle of retribution, and every misfortune experienced (e.g. flood, drought, famine, and disease) is regarded as the I.
  • Chatting Sri Lanka: Powerful Communications in Colonial Times

    Chatting Sri Lanka: Powerful Communications in Colonial Times

    Chatting Sri Lanka: Powerful Communications in Colonial Times Justin Siefert PhD 2016 Chatting Sri Lanka: Powerful Communications in Colonial Times Justin Siefert A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Manchester Metropolitan University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History, Politics and Philosophy Manchester Metropolitan University 2016 Abstract: The thesis argues that the telephone had a significant impact upon colonial society in Sri Lanka. In the emergence and expansion of a telephone network two phases can be distinguished: in the first phase (1880-1914), the government began to construct telephone networks in Colombo and other major towns, and built trunk lines between them. Simultaneously, planters began to establish and run local telephone networks in the planting districts. In this initial period, Sri Lanka’s emerging telephone network owed its construction, financing and running mostly to the planting community. The telephone was a ‘tool of the Empire’ only in the sense that the government eventually joined forces with the influential planting and commercial communities, including many members of the indigenous elite, who had demanded telephone services for their own purposes. However, during the second phase (1919-1939), as more and more telephone networks emerged in the planting districts, government became more proactive in the construction of an island-wide telephone network, which then reflected colonial hierarchies and power structures. Finally in 1935, Sri Lanka was connected to the Empire’s international telephone network. One of the core challenges for this pioneer work is of methodological nature: a telephone call leaves no written or oral source behind.
  • 6. Whatever the Weather. Media Attitudes to Reporting Climate Change

    6. Whatever the Weather. Media Attitudes to Reporting Climate Change

    PANOS LONDON Whatever the weather Media attitudes to reporting climate change Contents 1 Climate change and the media 1 Global policy on climate change 2 Carbon trading standards 3 The survey 4 Key findings 4 Recommendations 6 2 Case studies 7 Honduras 7 Jamaica 10 Sri Lanka 12 Zambia 14 Cover: © Panos London, 2006 Villagers returning with relief aid through heavy rains. Monsoon Panos London is part of a worldwide rains caused flooding in 40 network of independent NGOs working of Bangladesh’s 64 districts, displacing up to 30 million people with the media to stimulate debate and killing several hundred. on global development. GMB AKASH/PANOS PICTURES All photographs available from Panos Pictures www.panos.co.uk For further information contact: Environment Programme Written by Rod Harbinson with Panos London case studies by Dr Richard Mugara 9 White Lion Street (Zambia) and Ambika Chawla London N1 9PD (Sri Lanka, Jamaica and Honduras). United Kingdom Thanks to Panos Caribbean and Panos Southern Africa for Tel: +44(0)20 7278 1111 their contribution. Fax: +44(0)20 7278 0345 Designed by John F McGill [email protected] Printed by Digital-Brookdale www.panos.org.uk/environment Whatever the weather: media attitudes to reporting climate change 1 Climate change and the media 1 YOLA MONAKHOV/PANOS PICTURES The media play an important role in stimulating discussion in developing countries. Yet journalists asked by Panos say that the media have a poor understanding of the climate change debate and express little interest in it. Public discussion of the policies and issues involved is urgently needed.
  • Media Freedom in Post War Sri Lanka and Its Impact on the Reconciliation Process

    Media Freedom in Post War Sri Lanka and Its Impact on the Reconciliation Process

    Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper University of Oxford MEDIA FREEDOM IN POST WAR SRI LANKA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RECONCILIATION PROCESS By Swaminathan Natarajan Trinity Term 2012 Sponsor: BBC Media Action Page 1 of 41 Page 2 of 41 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank James Painter, Head of the Journalism Programme and the entire staff of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism for their help and support. I am grateful to BBC New Media Action for sponsoring me, and to its former Programme Officer Tirthankar Bandyopadhyay, for letting me know about this wonderful opportunity and encouraging me all the way. My supervisor Dr Sujit Sivasundaram of Cambridge University provided academic insights which were very valuable for my research paper. I place on record my appreciation to all those who participated in the survey and interviews. I would like to thank my colleagues in the BBC, Chandana Keerthi Bandara, Charles Haviland, Wimalasena Hewage, Saroj Pathirana, Poopalaratnam Seevagan, Ponniah Manickavasagam and my good friend Karunakaran (former Colombo correspondent of the BBC Tamil Service) for their help. Special thanks to my parents and sisters and all my fellow journalist fellows. Finally to Marianne Landzettel (BBC World Service News) for helping me by patiently proof reading and revising this paper. Page 3 of 41 Table of Contents 1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Challenges to Press Freedom