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Why Manage Weeds?

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Why Manage Weeds? Life after Glyphosate – Alternatives for Weed Management in Vineyards John Roncoroni UCCE Weed Science Farm Advisor, Napa Essentials of Good IPM Program for Weeds Essentials of Good IPM Program for Weeds •Know the ecology and dynamics of your crop. Northern California Weed Control Calendar • September herbicides Contact Harvest Horseweed • October Ryegrass Filaree • November Dependable (?) Malva glyphosate Frost-leaf drop Precipitation Preemergence Fluvellin • December for incorporation Herbicides • January • February “Summer” • March Bud annuals Break herbicides Contact Drip Drip irrigation • April glyphosate • May Horseweed Summer grasses* • June Fluvellin • July Verasion • August Essentials of Good IPM Program for Weeds •Know the ecology and dynamics of your crop. •Know your weeds: Identification and biology. Malva C155-15 C155-11 Essentials of Good IPM Program for Weeds •Know the ecology and dynamics of your crop. •Know your weeds: Identification and biology. •Have a monitoring program- and use it! Ryegrass • Species Lolium perenne L. – perennial ryegrass • Subspecies - multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot – Italian ryegrass • Subspecies - perenne – perennial ryegrass • Species Lolium rigidum Gaudin – Wimmera ryegrass Confirmed Herbicide Resistance in Italian Ryegrass in Northern California •Glyphosate (Roundup and others) (Lanini) •Glufosinate(Rely, Lifeline and others) (Jasieniuk) •Fluazifop( Fusilade) (Hanson, Brunharo) •Paraquat (Gramoxone) (Hanson, Brunharo) •Sethoxydim (Poast) (Hanson,Brunharo) (reduced effectiveness) Sharp-point Fluvellin (Kickxia elatine(L.)Dumort) • Reproduces by seeds • Most seeds germinate in spring or summer • Will germinate thru fall if moisture is present. C236-02 • Seeds can last up to 20 years! C236-01 C236-04 Transects 126 ft. long/ 252 points Transects 126 ft. long/ 252 points Transects 126 ft. long/ 252 points Essentials of Good IPM Program for Weeds •Know the ecology and dynamics of your crop. •Know your weeds: Identification and biology. •Have a monitoring program- and use it! •Consider all management techniques and determine which is best for you Mechanical and Cultural Control Undervine Covercrop Undervine Covercrop Undervine Covercrop Row # willowherb fluvellin bindweed oxtounge sow/prec let bur clover 7 40.1% 21.8% * 0.8% 2.0% 1.6% 0.0% *73% in first 1/3 of plot Glyphosate Only 16 36.1% 15.5%* 1.2% 2.8% 1.2% 0.0% *99% in first 1/3 of plot 22 33.3% 3.6% 8.7% 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 37 30.2% 1.6% 1.6% 29.8% 11.5% 0.0% 4 1.2% 0.4% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Glyphosate + 19 1.2% 0.0% 9.1% * 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% *50% in first 1/6 of plot Pre-emergence 28 9.5% * 0.0% 5.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% *75% in first 1/3 of plot 34 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% * 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% *70% in first 1/3 of plot dry grass 10 3.2% 0.0% 4.4% 2.4% 0.0% 4.4% 92.9% 13 1.2% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6% 87.3% Cultivation 25 1.6% 0.0% 5.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1.2% 85.7% 31 0.0% 0.0% 4.0% 2.8% 0.0% 2.0% 96.4% Transects 126 ft. long/ 252 points Undervine Covercrop Row # willowherb fluvellin bindweed oxtounge sow/prec let bur clover dry grass 10 3.2% 0.0% 4.4% 2.4% 0.0% 4.4% 92.9% 13 1.2% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6% 87.3% 25 1.6% 0.0% 5.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1.2% 85.7% 31 0.0% 0.0% 4.0% 2.8% 0.0% 2.0% 96.4% Transects 126 ft. long/ 252 points Undervine Covercrop Undervine Covercrop Could increase vertebrate pest pressure Mechanical cultivation Mechanical cultivation C212-05 C212-09 Mechanical cultivation Mechanical cultivation Hand Hoeing Mulching Mulching Disadvantages Flaming Flaming Disadvantages Organic Herbicides Weed Slayer consists of two separate products (Parts A & B) that you mix together to make one exceedingly effect weed killer. Part A is the Weed Slayer, a broad spectrum herbicide crafted from Eugenol (an essential oil from cloves) and molasses. Part B is Agro Gold, a biological adjuvant containing Streptomyces and Bacillus microbes. The Eugenol and molasses in Part A will make its way down to and kill the roots and/or root ball of the undesired plant. The soil enhancing bacteria in Part B clears the way for and drives the Eugenol down into the roots. This action allows Weed Slayer to kill the whole plant quickly, including the root system, making it more effective than "burndown herbicides" for ongoing weed control. Animals Sheep TREATMENT FALL LATE WINTER/SPRING EARLY SUMMER 1 WHITE Total cultivation Cultivate Cultivate Cultivate Post herbicide BLUE/WHITE Cultivate +post herbicide Cultivate Glyphosate 2 (Glyphosate) 3 ORANGE/WHITE Cultivate + organic herbicide Cultivate Suppress 7% 17-cultivate; 18-mow; 19-suppress 4 BLACK Conventional Post then Pre +Post Glyphosate Glyphosate + Flumioxazin --------- 5 BLUE No-Till Post herbicide (glyphosate) Glyphosate Glyphosate Glyphosate 6 PINK No-Till Post herbicide (glufosinate) Glufosinate Glufosinate Glufosinate Undervine Mow ORANGE Organic-No-Till Suppress 7% Suppress 7% 7 (weed eater) 1st cultivation November 10, 2016 2nd cultivation March 15,2017 3rd cultivation May31,2017 2016-2017 1st Herbicide application Dec 20, 2016 2nd Herbicide application Mar 9, 2017 3rd Herbicide app June 9, 2017 Weed Eater (Mow) June 9, 2017 1st cultivation October 31 2017 2nd cultivation March 20, 2018 No cultivation, mow only #1,3,7 (6/1/18) No glyphosate-glufosinate only #2,5,6 2017-2018 1st Herbicide application Dec 13 2017 2nd Herbicide application Mar 5, 2018 due to vine growth (6/6/18) 1st cultivation December 6, 2018 2nd cultivation March 19, 2019 3rd cultivation June June 3, 2019 2018-2019 1st Herbicide application Dec 12, 2018 2nd Herbicide appl March 4, 2019 3rd Herbicide app May 29, 2019 Weed Eater (Mow) May 28, 2019 Trt 1 Total cultivation Trt 2 Cultivate +glyphosate Trt 3 Cultivate + Suppress Trt 4 Conventional Post then Pre +Post all 3 years Trt 4 Conventional Post then Pre +Post-2 year only Trt 5 No-Till Post herbicide (glyphosate) 3x Trt 6 No-Till Post herbicide (glufosinate) 3x Trt 7 Organic-No-Till(Suppress 2x + mowing) Amount in 2 Gallons of Water • Suppress 7% v/v 529 mls (18 oz) • Roundup WeatherMax 32oz/ac 47 mls (1.6 oz) • Rely 48 oz/ac 71 mls (2.4 oz) • Tuscany (flumioxazin) 12 oz/ac 18 mls (0.6 oz) • Single nozzle- AIXR 8004; XRS 8004; XRS 8003 • Applications made at 40 GPA TREATMENT No Fluvellin Plantain Brome Bindweed Bermuda OTHER Weeds* 1 WHITE Total cultivation 34.50 6.75 14.75 3.50 4.00 0.00 41.75 2 BLUE/WHITE Cultivate +post herbicide 74.00 1.25 0.75 0.25 0.00 1.25 27.50 3 ORANGE/WHITE Cultivate + organic herbicide 14.50 11.25 22.75 1.00 0.25 0.00 53.75 4 BLACK Conventional Post then Pre +Post 11.25 0.00 0.00 14.00 6.50 2.25 67.50 5 BLUE No-Till Post herbicide (glyphosate) 63.75 12.50 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.25 24.00 6 PINK No-Till Post herbicide (glufosinate) 62.00 1.25 1.50 2.75 0.25 0.50 33.50 7 ORANGE Organic-No-Till 7.25 9.75 24.25 4.00 13.75 0.00 43.50 Ratings made 6/28/18 using 100 ft. transect at ft. mark. * No Weeds = bare soil or no living weeds ( dead grass) Herbicides Registered for Use on Bearing Grapes Surflan Casoron Glyphosate 2,4-D Chateau Karmex Gramoxone Poast Princep Devrinol Rely Venue Goal Trellis Goal Solicam Shark Kerb Prowl Fusilade Alion Matrix Mission Herbicides Registered for Use on Bearing Grapes Surflan Casoron Glyphosate 2,4-D Chateau Karmex Gramoxone Poast Princep Devrinol Rely Venue Goal Trellis Goal Solicam Shark Kerb Prowl Fusilade Alion Matrix Mission Herbicides Registered for Use on Bearing Grapes Surflan* Casoron1 Glyphosate 2,4-D* Chateau Karmex* Gramoxone* Poast Princep* Devrinol1 Rely# Venue Goal Trellis Goal Solicam* Shark Kerb* Prowl Fusilade* Alion Matrix Mission Herbicides Registered for Use on Bearing Grapes Chateau Poast Venue Goal Trellis Goal Shark Prowl Alion Matrix Mission Herbicides Registered for Use on Bearing Grapes Chateau Trellis Goal Poast Goal Prowl Shark Venue Alion Matrix Mission Prop 65 STATE OF CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOXIC ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1986 CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE TO CAUSE CANCER OR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY July 7, 2017 The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 requires that the Governor revise and republish at least once per year the list of chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. The identification number indicated in the following list is the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number. No CAS number is given when several substances are presented as a single listing. The date refers to the initial appearance of the chemical on the list. For easy reference, chemicals which are shown underlined are newly added. Chemicals or endpoints shown in strikeout were placed on the Proposition 65 list on the date noted, and have subsequently been removed. CHEMICAL TYPE OF CAS No. Date Listed TOXICITY Wood dust cancer December 18, 2009 Bracken fern cancer January 1, 1990 Diesel engine exhaust cancer October 1, 1990 Alcohol beverages cancer July 1, 1988 (when associated with alcohol abuse) Leather dust cancer April 29, 2011 Orange oil SS cancer 2646-17-5 April 1, 1988 Glyphosate cancer 1071-83-6 July 7, 2017 Salted fish, Chinese-style cancer April 29, 2011 October 1, 1989 Saccharin cancer 81-07-2 Delisted April 6, 2001 If you want to continue to use glyphosate- minimize the chance for wine contamination How? No glyphosate after budbreak.
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