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Wisdom in Daniel and the Origin of Apocalyptic
WISDOM IN DANIEL AND THE ORIGIN OF APOCALYPTIC by GERALD H. WILSON University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 In this paper, I am concerned with the relationship of the book of Daniel and the biblical wisdom literature. The study draws its impetus from the belief of von Rad that apocalyptic is the "child" of wisdom (1965, II, pp. 304-15). My intent is to test von Rad's claim by a study of wisdom terminology in Daniel in order to determine whether, in fact, that book has its roots in the wisdom tradition. Adequate evidence has been gathered to demonstrate a robust connection between the nar ratives of Daniel 1-6 and mantic wisdom which employs the interpreta tion of dreams, signs and visions (Millier, 1972; Collins, 1975). Here I am concerned to dispell the continuing notion that apocalyptic as ex hibited in Daniel (especially in chapters 7-12) is the product of the same wisdom circles from which came the proverbial biblical books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Job and the later Ben Sirach. 1 I am indebted to the work of Why bray ( 1974), who has dealt exhaustively with the terminology of biblical wisdom, and to the work of Crenshaw (1969), who, among others, has rightly cautioned that the presence of wisdom vocabulary is insufficient evidence of sapiential influence. 2 Whybray (1974, pp. 71-154) distinguishes four categories of wisdom terminology: a) words from the root J:ikm itself; b) other characteristic terms occurring only in the wisdom corpus (5 words); c) words char acteristic of wisdom, but occurring so frequently in other contexts as to render their usefulness in determining sapiential influence questionable (23 words); and d) words characteristic of wisdom, but occurring only occasionally in other OT traditions (10 words). -
The King Who Will Rule the World the Writings (Ketuvim) Mako A
David’s Heir – The King Who Will Rule the World The Writings (Ketuvim) Mako A. Nagasawa Last modified: September 24, 2009 Introduction: The Hero Among ‘the gifts of the Jews’ given to the rest of the world is a hope: A hope for a King who will rule the world with justice, mercy, and peace. Stories and legends from long ago seem to suggest that we are waiting for a special hero. However, it is the larger Jewish story that gives very specific meaning and shape to that hope. The theme of the Writings is the Heir of David, the King who will rule the world. This section of Scripture is very significant, especially taken all together as a whole. For example, not only is the Book of Psalms a personal favorite of many people for its emotional expression, it is a prophetic favorite of the New Testament. The Psalms, written long before Jesus, point to a King. The NT quotes Psalms 2, 16, and 110 (Psalm 110 is the most quoted chapter of the OT by the NT, more frequently cited than Isaiah 53) in very important places to assert that Jesus is the King of Israel and King of the world. The Book of Chronicles – the last book of the Writings – points to a King. He will come from the line of David, and he will rule the world. Who will that King be? What will his life be like? Will he usher in the life promised by God to Israel and the world? If so, how? And, what will he accomplish? How worldwide will his reign be? How will he defeat evil on God’s behalf? Those are the major questions and themes found in the Writings. -
The Johannine Perspective on Christian Diversity in the Late First Century Author(S): Raymond E
"Other Sheep Not of This Fold": The Johannine Perspective on Christian Diversity in the Late First Century Author(s): Raymond E. Brown Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 97, No. 1 (Mar., 1978), pp. 5-22 Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3265832 . Accessed: 06/04/2012 11:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Biblical Literature is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biblical Literature. http://www.jstor.org JBL 97/1 (1978) 5-22 "OTHER SHEEP NOT OF THIS FOLD": THE JOHANNINE PERSPECTIVE ON CHRISTIAN DIVERSITY IN THE LATE FIRST CENTURY* RAYMOND E. BROWN, S.S. UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW YORK, NY 10027 Wl ASthe Johannine communitya sect? This has become a burning issue with implicationsboth for Fourth Gospel studiesand for our understandingof Christian origins.1To some extent the answer to the questiondepends on the definitionof "sect."Does one define"sect" in terms of a stanceover against another religious body (in thisinstance, either against parentJudaism or againstother Christians), or of a stanceover against society at large (against"the world")?2 Workingin the context of the latterunderstanding of "sect,"R. -
Syllabus, Deuterocanonical Books
The Deuterocanonical Books (Tobit, Judith, 1 & 2 Maccabees, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, and additions to Daniel & Esther) Caravaggio. Saint Jerome Writing (oil on canvas), c. 1605-1606. Galleria Borghese, Rome. with Dr. Bill Creasy Copyright © 2021 by Logos Educational Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this course—audio, video, photography, maps, timelines or other media—may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval devices without permission in writing or a licensing agreement from the copyright holder. Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible, revised edition © 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C. and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner. 2 The Deuterocanonical Books (Tobit, Judith, 1 & 2 Maccabees, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, and additions to Daniel & Esther) Traditional Authors: Various Traditional Dates Written: c. 250-100 B.C. Traditional Periods Covered: c. 250-100 B.C. Introduction The Deuterocanonical books are those books of Scripture written (for the most part) in Greek that are accepted by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches as inspired, but they are not among the 39 books written in Hebrew accepted by Jews, nor are they accepted as Scripture by most Protestant denominations. The deuterocanonical books include: • Tobit • Judith • 1 Maccabees • 2 Maccabees • Wisdom (also called the Wisdom of Solomon) • Sirach (also called Ecclesiasticus) • Baruch, (including the Letter of Jeremiah) • Additions to Daniel o “Prayer of Azariah” and the “Song of the Three Holy Children” (Vulgate Daniel 3: 24- 90) o Suzanna (Daniel 13) o Bel and the Dragon (Daniel 14) • Additions to Esther Eastern Orthodox churches also include: 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees, 1 Esdras, Odes (which include the “Prayer of Manasseh”) and Psalm 151. -
Proverbs Part One: Ten Instructions for the Wisdom Seeker
PROVERBS 67 Part One: Ten Instructions for the Wisdom Seeker Chapters 1-9 Introduction.Proverbs is generally regarded as the COMMENTARY book that best characterizes the Wisdom tradition. It is presented as a “guide for successful living.” Its PART 1: Ten wisdom instructions (Chapters 1-9) primary purpose is to teach wisdom. In chapters 1-9, we find a set of ten instructions, A “proverb” is a short saying that summarizes some aimed at persuading young minds about the power of truths about life. Knowing and practicing such truths wisdom. constitutes wisdom—the ability to navigate human relationships and realities. CHAPTER 1: Avoid the path of the wicked; Lady Wisdom speaks The Book of Proverbs takes its name from its first verse: “The proverbs of Solomon, the son of David.” “That men may appreciate wisdom and discipline, Solomon is not the author of this book which is a may understand words of intelligence; may receive compilation of smaller collections of sayings training in wise conduct….” (vv 2-3) gathered up over many centuries and finally edited around 500 B.C. “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge….” (v.7) In Proverbs we will find that certain themes or topics are dealt with several times, such as respect for Verses 1-7.In these verses, the sage or teacher sets parents and teachers, control of one’s tongue, down his goal: to instruct people in the ways of cautious trust of others, care in the selection of wisdom. friends, avoidance of fools and women with loose morals, practice of virtues such as humility, The ten instructions in chapters 1-9 are for those prudence, justice, temperance and obedience. -
The Gospel of John
A NOW YOU KNOW MEDIA STUDY GUIDE The Gospel of John Presented by Rev. Donald Senior, C.P., S.T.D. THE GOSPEL OF JOHN STUDY GUID E Now You Know Media Copyright Notice: This document is protected by copyright law. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. You are permitted to view, copy, print, and distribute this document (up to seven copies), subject to your agreement that: Your use of the information is for informational, personal, and noncommercial purposes only. You will not modify the documents or graphics. You will not copy or distribute graphics separate from their accompanying text and you will not quote materials out of their context. You agree that Now You Know Media may revoke this permission at any time and you shall immediately stop your activities related to this permission upon notice from Now You Know Media. WWW.NOWYOUKNOWMEDIA.COM / 1 - 8 0 0 - 955- 3904 / © 2 0 1 5 2 THE GOSPEL OF JOHN STUDY GUID E Table of Contents Program Summary ............................................................................................................... 4 About Your Presenter ........................................................................................................... 5 Topic 1: Introducing the Gospel of John ....................................................................... 6 Topic 2: The Prologue of John’s Gospel as Its “Center” ............................................... 9 Topic 3: The Prologue and the Christology of John .................................................... 11 Topic 4: The Meaning of Discipleship in John’s Gospel -
The Book of Proverbs: Wisdom for Life August 5Th, 2015 Text
The Book of Proverbs: Wisdom for Life August 5th, 2015 Text: Proverbs 1:1-7 Background/Theme: The book of Proverbs was written mainly by Solomon (known as Israel’s wisest king) yet some of the later sections were written by men named Lemuel and Agur (See Prov. 1:1). It was written during Solomon’s reign (970-930 B.C.). Solomon asked God for wisdom to rule God’s nation and God granted it (1 Kings 3:6-14). Proverbs along with Job, Psalms, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon are known as the writings or “Wisdom Books” addressing practical living before God. The theme of Proverbs is wisdom (the skilled and right use of knowledge). The main purpose of this book is to teach wisdom to God’s people through the use of proverbs. The word Proverb means “to be like.” Therefore, Proverbs are short statements, which compare and contrast common, concrete images with life’s most profound truth. They are practical and point the way to godly character. These proverbs address subjects such as: life, family, friends, good judgment, and distinctions between the wise and foolish man. Proverbs is not a do-it-yourself success kit for the greedy but a guidebook for the godly. This starts with fearing the LORD. Memory Verse: Prov. 1:7 Outline: Ch 1-9-Solomon writes wisdom for younger people. Ch 10-24 - There is wisdom on various topics that apply to the average person. Ch 25-31 - Wisdom for leaders is provided. Tips for reading proverbs-Proverbs are statements of general truth and must not be taken as divine promises (Prov. -
Current Source Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Some Methodological Questions
JBL 97/3 (1978) 411-29 CURRENT SOURCE CRITICISM OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL: SOME METHODOLOGICAL QUESTIONS D. A. CARSON TRINITY EVANGELICAL DIVINITY SCHOOL, DEERFIELD, IL 60015 O SPEAK of the current source criticism of the fourth gospel is to raise T questions in three interrelated but distinguishable areas: first, the relation between the fourth gospel and the synoptics; second, recent developmental theories concerning the construction of the fourth gospel, theories which postulate several layers of tradition developing as a process under the hands of a number of writers, from (perhaps) an apostle through an evangelist to final redactor(s); and third, recent attempts to identify and isolate concrete literary sources. The method followed in this paper is: (1) to comment briefly on these three areas; (2) to survey rapidly the most important literary source theories; (3) to concentrate critical attention on the literary source theory of Fortna and his followers; and (4) to conclude with a gentle plea for probing agnosticism in this matter. I If the fourth gospel were demonstrably dependent in a literary way on one or more of the synoptic gospels, that would quite clearly be the place to start in any search for literary sources. A few scholars believe that John depends on Mark, Luke, or both; 1 but those who hold this position are forced to admit that John has treated these sources in such a way as to make their retrieval impossible if we did not already possess them. More commonly, scholars follow the line of P. Gardner-Smith 2 and deny any direct dependence of the fourth gospel on the synoptics; or, alternatively, they take a middle road and suggest that the fourth evangelist leans on pre-Markan and/or pre-Lucan 'E.g. -
The Authorship of the Johannine Epistles
Running head: AUTHORSHIP OF JOHANNINES 1 The Authorship of the Johannine Epistles Thaddaeus S. Taylor A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2011 AUTHORSHIP OF JOHANNINES 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Wayne A. Brindle, Th.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Robert Rencher, M.B.A. Committee Member ______________________________ Paul R. Fink, Th.D. Committee Member ______________________________ James Nutter, D.A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date AUTHORSHIP OF JOHANNINES 3 Abstract The first century church believed Jesus’ return would be immediate and as a result, compiling the writings of the apostles was not an immediate priority. In the few hundred years that followed, authentic letters from apostles as well as pseudepigraphical works had begun to circulate. Therefore, a process began of acceptance and rejection for the writings. The book of 1 John was immediately accepted into the Canon along with the Gospel of John. However, 2 John and 3 John were at first disputed and then later included in the twenty-seven books of the New Testament. This thesis will examine the process of canonization and examine the letters attributed to John in order to reveal the authorship of the Johannines. AUTHORSHIP OF JOHANNINES 4 The Authorship of the Johannine -
The Gospel of John and the Future of Israel by Christopher Mark
The Gospel of John and the Future of Israel by Christopher Mark Blumhofer Graduate Program in Religion Duke University Date: October 23, 2017 Approved: ___________________________ Richard B. Hays, Supervisor ___________________________ Joel Marcus ___________________________ C. Kavin Rowe ___________________________ Stephen Chapman ___________________________ Daniel Boyarin Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Program in Religion in the Graduate School of Duke University 2017 ABSTRACT The Gospel of John and the Future of Israel by Christopher Mark Blumhofer Graduate Program in Religion Duke University Date: October 23, 2017 Approved: ___________________________ Richard B. Hays, Supervisor ___________________________ Joel Marcus ___________________________ C. Kavin Rowe ___________________________ Stephen Chapman ___________________________ Daniel Boyarin An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Program in Religion in the Graduate School of Duke University 2017 Copyright by Christopher Mark Blumhofer 2017 Abstract The canonical gospels are each concerned to present the significance of Jesus vis-à-vis the Jewish tradition. Yet the Gospel of John exhibits a particularly strained relationship with Judaism, especially through its frequent description of Jesus’s opponents as “the Jews,” its presentation of numerous hostile exchanges between Jesus and characters described as “Jews,” and its application of significant Jewish imagery (e.g., “the temple of his body,” “I am the true vine”) to the person of Jesus rather than to traditional Jewish institutions or figures. This dissertation argues that the Gospel of John presents Jesus as the one through whom the Jewish tradition realizes its eschatological hopes in continuity with the stories and symbols of its past. -
The Book of Proverbs Is Not Mysterious, Nor Does It Leave Its Readers Wondering As to Its Purpose
INTRODUCTION The book of Proverbs is not mysterious, nor does it leave its readers wondering as to its purpose. At the very outset we are clearly told the author’s intention. The purpose of these proverbs is to teach people wisdom and discipline, and to help them understand wise sayings. Through these proverbs, people will receive instruction in discipline, good conduct, and doing what is right, just, and fair. These proverbs will make the simpleminded clever. They will give knowledge and purpose to young people. Let those who are wise listen to these proverbs and become even wiser. And let those who understand receive guidance by exploring the depth of meaning in these proverbs, parables, wise sayings, and riddles. NLT, 1:2-6 The book of Proverbs is simply about godly wisdom, how to attain it, and how to use it in everyday living. In Proverbs the words wise or wisdom are used roughly125 times. The wisdom that is spoken of in these proverbs is bigger than raw intelligence or advanced education. This is a wisdom that has to do skillful living. It speaks of understanding how to act and be competent in a variety of life situations. Dr. Roy Zuck’s definition of wisdom is to the point. Wisdom means being skillful and successful in one’s relationships and responsibilities . observing and following the Creator’s principles of order in the moral universe. (Zuck, Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, p. 232) The wisdom of Proverbs is not theoretical.1 It assumes that there is a right way and a wrong way to live. -
History, Theology, and Symbol
REV. ROBERT C. GARAFALO HISTORY, THEOLOGY, AND SYMBOL THE MOTHER OF JESUS IN THE CANA ~ARRATIVE (JOHN 2:1-12), 1950-2005 A DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN SACRED THEOLOGY IN MARIAN STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF SACRED THEOLOGY DIRECTED BY REV. BERTRAND A. BUBY, S.M., S.T.D. INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON DAYTON, OHIO Aprill7, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE: FOCUS ON THE MOTHER OF JESUS The Text in Context Framing the Question The Work ofF.-M. Braun A Reply to Braun by Christian Ceroke History, Theology, and Symbol in Braun and Ceroke An Attempt at Synthesis: J.-P. Michaud The Controversial Exchange The Use of"Woman" The "Hour" of Jesus A Symbolic Interpretation Mariological Symbolism Michaud, Ceroke, and Braun: A Review History, Theology, and Symbol An Abiding Portrait: Rene Laurentin An Ecclesiastical Portrait: Maria/is Cultus Reconstructing the Text: John McHugh McHugh and His Predecessors History, Theology, and Symbol Transitional Summary A Feminist Portrait: Leonardo Boff Miriam-Mary in the Fourth Gospel The Radical Feminine History, Theology, and Symbol 2 Toward a New Synthesis: Aristide Serra The Sign at Cana The Wine ofCana Individual Phrases The Mother of Jesus at Calvary History, Theology, and Symbol A Pneumatological Portrait: Cohen and Grassi Portrait of Mary as Perfect Disciple: P. Bearsley The Perfect Disciple at Cana The Perfect Disciple at Calvary History, Theology, and Symbol A New Ecclesiastical Portrait: Redemptoris Mater A Theological Portrait: Ignace de Ia Potterie The Cana Narrative Christological Significance Mariological Significance Spiritual Maternity Evaluation and Critique History, Theology, and Symbol Review of the Research: L.