Rank these groups 1-4 in order of the most dangerous.

NAACP - National The Black Panther Party NOI – Nation of Islam SNCC – Student Association for the A militant group that A religious group that Nonviolent Coordinating Advancement of believed in arming all argued that Christianity Committee Colored People African Americans with was a “white” religion They started of Lawyers who would guns and aggressively and Islam was a “black” promoting non-violence, find court cases that fighting for black rights. religion. but decided this wasn’t were targeting black working and changed They set up black The group became more Americans and “Nonviolent” in their “militias” or people’s and more violent and provide them with name to “National”. armies that protected were responsible for legal defence. black neighbourhoods. some murders. Argued that black people should use Challenge: violence to overthrow Explain why you have ranked them in this order the white government. How is this different to the teachings of Martin Luther King Jr.? Fundamental British Values: Respect and Tolerance 09/12/2020

Today’s Title: Previous lesson: Peaceful Protest Malcolm X and Black This lesson: Power Malcolm X Next lesson:

US Government Response

Learning Outcomes: Key Words:

Describe who Malcom X was. Culture – The ideas, customs, and Is violence behaviour of a particular people. necessary for Explain what the Black Power Movement was. change? Nationalism – supporting your Assess how important the Black Power Movement own people, especially to the was. exclusion or detriment of the interests of others. Who was Malcom X?

Beliefs and Aims: Significant events in his life:

“It was not Malcolm X’s fault that he became violent and radical” 5 mins Skills/qualities: Do you agree? Explain What was Black Power? A new movement developed from the mid 1960s onwards became known as black nationalism or black power.

Black power was very different to the Civil Rights campaign of Dr Martin Luther King. Black nationalists thought that:

• Non-violent protest was too slow, violence was needed. • US society would never change anyway - ruled by rich white males so black people should work for their own aims and not for equality with white people. • Islam not Christianity was 'black religion'. • Blacks should reject integration. Some called for a separate black society. Why did Black Power emerge? The assassination of Martin Non-violent methods Luther King led to huge violence were too slow

Why would black Many inspirational black Americans turn away nationalists (e.g. Malcom from non-violence and Continued racism in X). No key voice for non- begin to the the south. Nothing support violence after MLK more aggressive black had changed. assassinated. nationalism?

Laws passed due to non- Violence against black people violence had not been had made many angry enforced by local police https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjgjeNv7t-E Was black nationalism effective?

Look at your table and shade the boxes in TWO DIFFERENT COLOURS. EXTENSION

• One colour that shows that black Was Black Nationalism nationalism improved the lives of successful? black Americans Explain in a paragraph in • Another colour that shows that black nationalism damaged the lives of your book black Americans Black nationalism improved the lives of black Americans Black nationalism damaged the lives of black Americans

Some their solutions to black problems The Nation of Islam persuaded members The NOI argued that the peaceful Martin Luther King described the NOI as a such as a return to Africa or a separate to live a religious life and work to increase philosophy of Martin Luther King led to “hate group”, they called him an black state were unrealistic. black self-esteem and self-confidence. the enslavement of black people. They “embarrassing fool”. This split people into said violence and aggressive action was two groups and made each group less the only way to end black suffering. effective.

Many attacked Malcolm X for staying safe They were not as successful as the Malcolm X inspired many other black Malcolm X drew attention to the suffering in New York, while Martin Luther King put peaceful Civil Rights Movement in actually leaders to step forward. Many of these of poor black Americans and helped his life on the line over and over again getting laws passed and making real supported violent, aggressive protest. This create links to other black communities protesting in the American south. change. They mostly just created more further divided the Civil Rights Movement. around the world. He was an icon and role racial tension and division. model for many young African Americans.

They refused to march or protest with The movement was poorly organised. Black Panthers set up clinics in poor black The violence of black nationalism meant white supporters of the Civil Rights Nobody agreed on what “Black Power” neighbourhoods to advise on health, that the FBI made destroying them their Movement. They kicked all the white actually was, with some arguing it meant a welfare and legal rights. They also set up top priority. By 1970 most black nationalist members out of their organisations. total separation of black and white people the “Free Breakfast” program that leaders had been killed, imprisoned or and others arguing in favour of co- provided over 1700 meals weekly to the were on the run. operation. poor.

Much of the money that supported the Their focus on black culture and black Poor black Americans felt that the The black nationalist leaders supported Civil Rights Movement had come from rich history was key in raising the self- peaceful Civil Rights Movement did not many black people who opened new white people who were in favour of confidence and pride of African help them in any real way, while black businesses, such as restaurants, grocery equality. When the black nationalists Americans. This has continued to be nationalism and the NOI helped raise stores and bakeries. This gave kicked whites out of their movement they important today. awareness of poverty and unemployment. employment and opportunities to many lost all their funding. The SNCC collapsed vulnerable families in black after they ran out of money. neighbourhoods. Black nationalism improved the lives of black Americans Black nationalism damaged the lives of black Americans

Some their solutions to black problems The Nation of Islam persuaded members The NOI argued that the peaceful Martin Luther King described the NOI as a such as a return to Africa or a separate to live a religious life and work to increase philosophy of Martin Luther King led to “hate group”, they called him an black state were unrealistic. black self-esteem and self-confidence. the enslavement of black people. They “embarrassing fool”. This split people into said violence and aggressive action was two groups and made each group less the only way to end black suffering. effective.

Many attacked Malcolm X for staying safe They were not as successful as the Malcolm X inspired many other black Malcolm X drew attention to the suffering in New York, while Martin Luther King put peaceful Civil Rights Movement in actually leaders to step forward. Many of these of poor black Americans and helped his life on the line over and over again getting laws passed and making real supported violent, aggressive protest. This create links to other black communities protesting in the American south. change. They mostly just created more further divided the Civil Rights Movement. around the world. He was an icon and role racial tension and division. model for many young African Americans.

They refused to march or protest with The movement was poorly organised. Black Panthers set up clinics in poor black The violence of black nationalism meant white supporters of the Civil Rights Nobody agreed on what “Black Power” neighbourhoods to advise on health, that the FBI made destroying them their Movement. They kicked all the white actually was, with some arguing it meant a welfare and legal rights. They also set up top priority. By 1970 most black nationalist members out of their organisations. total separation of black and white people the “Free Breakfast” program that leaders had been killed, imprisoned or and others arguing in favour of co- provided over 1700 meals weekly to the were on the run. operation. poor.

Much of the money that supported the Their focus on black culture and black Poor black Americans felt that the The black nationalist leaders supported Civil Rights Movement had come from rich history was key in raising the self- peaceful Civil Rights Movement did not many black people who opened new white people who were in favour of confidence and pride of African help them in any real way, while black businesses, such as restaurants, grocery equality. When the black nationalists Americans. This has continued to be nationalism and the NOI helped raise stores and bakeries. This gave kicked whites out of their movement they important today. awareness of poverty and unemployment. employment and opportunities to many lost all their funding. The SNCC collapsed vulnerable families in black after they ran out of money. neighbourhoods. On your whiteboards…

Score the Black Nationalist movement out of 10:

1/10 – It did nothing to help black people in America.

10/10 – It dramatically improved the lives of black people in America

Write a sentence underneath explaining your number. GCSE Focus

“The black nationalist movement was much more successful than the Civil Rights Movement at improving the lives of black Americans.” How far do you agree with this statement? (16 marks)

Write a paragraph that either agrees or disagrees with this statement. TIP: Include these second order concept phrases: “I agree / disagree with the statement that black nationalism was more successful than the Civil Rights Movement …this was caused by… because… this is significant because… Another reason is… a consequence of this was… A third reason is… This clearly …a consequence of this was… shows that… because…” …was significant because… …showed a change because... EXTENSION: …showed continuity because… Write a new paragraph that argues the other way, but aim to …this was typical for… show why your argument is still correct. …this was unusual… “It can also be argued that… This shows… However…”