Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise at the Monmouth County Raritan Bayshore
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Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise at the Monmouth County Raritan Bayshore Developed in partnership with the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve‐Rutgers University, Sandy Hook Unit, Gateway National recreation Area‐National Park Service, and the American Littoral Society June 4, 2009 Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise at the Monmouth County Raritan June 4, Bayshore 2009 Table of Contents Issue/Background 1 Workshop Objective 1 Workshop Summary 2 Agenda 5 Workshop Participants 6 More Information Coastal Resources 7 GIS Resources 7 Workshop Presenters 8 Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise at the Monmouth County Raritan June 4, Bayshore 2009 Issue/Background The impacts of global warming and sea‐level rise are currently affecting many elements of the Monmouth County Raritan Bayshore communities. The Raritan Bayshore is home to over 120,000 residents and is situated in the northern region of Monmouth County, NJ. The ecological area is a mix of developed community, wetlands, micro‐estuaries, and beach systems. Because the area is relatively close to local mean sea level, flooding is common during storm events. The erosion of the estuarine beaches and dunes, along with absolute sea‐level rise, impacts the built and the natural environment. The projected climate change impacts for coastal regions are an increased rate of sea‐level rise, displacement of natural features related to a sea‐level position, increased frequency of flooding of low‐ lying, fixed infrastructure, and increased vulnerability to inundation caused by storms. These coastal changes are impacting the vital marine resources and coastal ecosystems, as well as posing potential damage to building, business, and infrastructure. Effective adaptation measures often meet obstacles due to finite financial resources and a lack of community awareness and understanding of scientific projections Workshop Objective The main objective of the workshop is to provide the communities with a better understanding of New Jersey’s Bayshore dynamics, and to promote a collective approach to adaptation of the impact of sea‐level rise in the Raritan Bayshore Area. In an effort to convey information about the scale of sea‐ level rise and its variety of impacts on the natural and cultural systems of the Bayshore of Monmouth County, Gateway National Recreation Area at Sandy Hook and the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve held a workshop to aid the communities in conducting vulnerability assessments and developing a community adaption plan. Together, the efforts of this workshop would like to help the Raritan Bayshore communities prepare for adaptation, develop initiatives to reduce coastal hazard risks, establish a system to incorporate local concerns, and improve the resilience of the communities. Our goal was to reach five to seven members from the planning and zoning boards, environmental commissions, and engineering offices from each of the seven municipalities. Contact with the communities began with e‐mails informing the municipalities that a workshop was being planned. A Coastal Needs Assessment was sent in April 2009, along with a follow up letter in the beginning of May 2009. An invitation to the workshop and agenda was sent out, via mail and e‐mail, in the middle of May. A week before the workshop, phone calls were made to the members of the Environmental Commissions. 1 Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise at the Monmouth County Raritan June 4, Bayshore 2009 Workshop Summary Rutgers, The State University partnered with the JCNERR, the National Park Service: Gateway National Recreation Area and the American Littoral Society to host a workshop that focused on adaptation to sea‐level rise at the Monmouth County Raritan Bayshore. The workshop was directed at local officials and board members that are interested in protecting their municipalities from sea‐level rise. In the morning we heard from Barry Sullivan, Superintendant of Gateway National Recreation Area (GNRA). Barry identified the global and local changes that will be occurring due to climate change. He compared observed and predicted changes using data from the IPCC and other reports. The park will be developing their new general management plan to preserve the parks resources in light of climate change. A study done at Columbia University looking at the effects of climate change for Gateway identified key problem areas for the park; including wetlands loss, flooding, erosion, and damage to existing structures. Future projects for mitigation and adaption could involve decreasing hard structures along the shoreline and restoring wetlands, natural dune systems, and the natural shoreline. The systems cannot be restored to the way they were, but adaptation and mitigation can occur. Gateway National Recreation Area will continue to collaborate with other agencies to share information and resources on sea‐level rise. Dr. Norbert Psuty , Director of Sandy Hook Cooperative Research Programs, Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, presented data showing sea level rise and climate change in the Bayshore Region of Monmouth County. He used DEM models to show how sea level rise will affect sections of Spermaceti Cove, Sandy Hook and Jamaica Bay, NY. He presented historical data from the Sandy Hook tide gauge that indicated relative sea level, the combination of sea level rising and land sinking was about 16 inches over the past century. The natural system dynamics would cause the dunes and marsh to roll back as sea level rises, but with hard structures in place, the marshes will shrink in area as they migrate vertically. Currently there are tide gauge and satellite data to monitor the current rate of sea level rise (about 3.9 mm/yr). Darlene Finch, NOAA Coastal Services Center (CSC), presented tools and resources for adaptation to the impacts of sea‐level rise. The tools that the Coastal Services Center created were developed to help coastal communities evaluate their present exposure and simulate options that alter land use and community services. The CSC also provides various trainings, such as GIS for Strategic Conservation Planning and Coastal Inundation Mapping. Eric Anderson, GIS Coordinator for the Monmouth County GIS Office, identified the GIS resources that Monmouth County can provide to the coastal communities. Data are available from federal, state, local, and non‐profit sources; including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers SLOSH (Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) Model. State data are available from the NJ Geographic Information Network and includes 2007 aerial photographs and municipal boundary maps. Monmouth County elevation maps are available at 2 foot contour intervals. Future projects for Monmouth County include updating parcel (real estate lots) during the summer of 2009. 2 Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise at the Monmouth County Raritan June 4, Bayshore 2009 Sarah Newkirk, Coastal Program Director for the Nature Conservancy, spoke about different considerations for adapting to sea‐level rise. The Nature Conservancy partnered with NOAA’s CSC, Pace Law School, and the Association of State Floodplain Managers to create an online Coastal Resilience tool for Long Island (www.coastalresilience.org). The project is giving complete information to natural resource and land use managers, enabling them to move towards socioeconomic and ecological resilience. The data layers in the program include wetlands, population density, economic value of property, and possible future impacts in 2020, 2050, and 2080. Three different flooding scenarios are used: the 5 year flood, Category II storm, and Category III storm. The recommendations for adaption were to amend key laws, realign public structures, promote voluntary land acquisition, plan for post‐ storm redevelopment, and restore key coastal habitats. Tom Dillingham, Executive Director for the American Littoral Society, led a group discussion with the participants of the workshop. The following is a summary of the concerns and suggestions expressed during the exercise. Expressed Concerns: • There are conflicting policies between FEMA and Flood insurance. • COAH mandates development in areas that should not be built where development should not occur. • There is no more money coming from Coastal Blue Acres Program (lack of funding in general). • Townships plan for today not the long term (6 yr. management plans). • There is a lack of leadership from upper agencies (FEMA, NJDEP, Army Corps of Engineers). • Existing State & Federal infrastructure is not being maintained by the agencies that originally constructed the components of the infrastructure. • Beach nourishment only offers short‐term shoreline stabilization and not ecological function (structure ≠ function). • Home Owner Conflicts: a. Home owners need assistance to move from vulnerable locations (who buys their property?) b. There are concerns that if flood maps/LIDAR is shown then property value goes down. c. Different approaches seem to apply for multifamily housing vs. single homes. Connecting with the Communities: • Municipalities react to upper agencies. a. SLR should be handled at a regional scale, not local. b. Experience shows that there needs to be a mandate from the state level for the communities to change (e.g., ‐ communities did not take an interest in storm water management until it was mandated). • Members of local governments are often volunteer positions; workshops need to be in the evening and short.