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The Story of Argentona

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The Story of Argentona THE STORY OF ARGENTONA CASE STUDY #2 The town of Argentona, northeast from Barcelona, introduced door-to-door collection in 2004, managing to more than double its recycling rates and becoming a pioneering reference in Catalonia. Case study 1 CHANGING WASTE COLLECTION By giving the contract for collection ration. In 2001-2002, with increasing “Our motivation to services to a local social enterprise, rates of waste generation, those mu- improve the system the municipality also boosted local nicipalities that were sending waste was environmental employment and raised the environ- to the incinerator realised they had but also social, as we mental awareness of the community, a choice to make: Either they would believed that is was showing once more that zero waste have to expand the incinerator, or very important for is not only about waste, but about they could develop a system that people to be aware our relationship with our surround- would increase recycling rates and and engage on is- ings and the empowerment of com- make incineration redundant. Fortu- sues around waste” munities. nately, the mayors chose the latter - Joan Pujol (at the and committed to improve the sep- time Town Council Without the tradition of recycling arate collection of waste. Technical Expert on boasted by many Western European Waste) nations, this area of 18,000 inhabi- Argentona, being one of the closest tants has leapfrogged the recycling towns to the incinerator, was espe- rates of many better-established cially sensible to the waste issue, programmes around Europe, reach- and began a ground-breaking initia- ing 76.17% separate collection of tive to look into alternatives. At the municipal solid waste (MSW) and time, three small-sized towns in Cat- aiming to reach 82% in the next 5 alonia had already started a door-to- years. door collection system, Tiana, Tona and Riudecanyes. Drawing from the Up until 2004, Argentona had fol- experiences of these pioneering lowed the most common waste col- towns, the Argentona Town Council lection system in Spain, consisting of was convinced that door-to- door the separate collection of four waste collection was the way forward. streams – glass, paper, lightweight packaging such as plastics and As the waste collection contract with cans/tins, and residual, in separate FCC (Fomento de Construcciones y containers placed on streets. Organ- Contratas) was coming to an end in ic waste would not be collected sep- 2004, the Town Council, which was arately, usually resulting in signifi- controlled by a non-partisan group » Population: 12,000 cant contamination in the recyclable of locals, devoted time to discuss » Recycling rate 2012: 68,5 % and residual waste streams. Follow- the door-to-door proposal with the » The door-to-door collection system is imple- ing this system, recycling rates were Town Environmental Council, which mented in the old town, which is home to around stable below 20% and most of the included the town’s environmental 8,500 residents, with the rest of the population waste generated was taken to the civil society and other engaged in- living in houses in the outskirts incinerator in Mataró, located 5km dividuals. Together, they decided to away. take the opportunity to replace the street container collection system The opportunity to move away from with a separate doorstep collection this system came after the inciner- system. ator in Mataró showed signs of satu- Case study 2 STEP BY STEP: ORGANIC & RESIDUAL WASTE FIRST Before kicking-off with the new sys- went a long way to reducing impu- “at the beginning tem, the inhabitants of Argentona rities in other waste streams and it wasn’t easy, a were informed about the upcoming made it possible in 2006 for sepa- minority of people changes with an awareness-raising rate collection rates to peak at 80% refused to change campaign. In the first phase, a small in the Argentona areas with doorstep their habits... brown bin was distributed to every- collection, which in turn raised the ...the Town Hall de- one to separate food waste at home, overall Argentona rates up to 50% cided to stay strong... and step-by- step the system start- of separate collection. At the same ... a few weeks ed functioning. Businesses were time, the quality of the organic ma- later the system charged for their food container, terial achieved records of only 2% was already running according to the size of the organic contamination in 2009! Later on, the smoothly without waste bin they required. Residual recycling rates continued to increase complaints” waste –what is not recyclable – was until they peaked again in 2012 at also collected door to door whereas 68,5%. other waste streams continued to be collected in containers. Incentives were also provided for residents to begin composting at Joan Pujol remembers that, “at the home, and in 2007 the municipality beginning it wasn’t easy, a minority provided families with 113 compost- of people refused to change their ing bins for gardens (most of them habits and even protested against as a donation) and 15 wormery bins the doorstep collection. Fortunately (at the cost of citizens), along with the Town Hall decided to stay strong, training on composting techniques. to focus on making the first phase of The initiative was much-welcomed implementation a success and let it by their neighbours, with many of calm down. And indeed, a few weeks them converting into passionate later the system was already run- composters. ning smoothly without complaints”. In the second phase, Argentona rolled out collection of paper and IMMEDIATE INCREASE packaging waste at the doorstep, OF RECYCLING RATES which took place in 2008. Glass collection remained through ‘bottle The positive results were felt from banks’ dotted around the municipal- the beginning, and progressively, the ity. As a result the rates of separate percentage of separate collection collection continued to climb. increased by 10% each year. This Separate collection rates Case study 3 BOOSTING THE LOCAL ECONOMY GREEN LOCAL JOBS! WHAT IS COLLECTED Sr. Josep Salvador WHEN? Bosch became a pas- Another co-benefit of the door-to- sionate composter door collection system was the boost Waste fractions are collected door- after he participated in local employment, which tripled to-door every day of the week, in composting train- the number of jobs and improved according to the different waste ing and received a social inclusion. The municipality streams, by rear-loading trucks. compost bin. Now he awarded the collection contract to Residents put out their waste at a uses all his kitchen a local social enterprise called Arca specific time – between 8 and 9pm, and garden waste Maresme, specialising in employing with collection starting at 10pm. to make compost workers at risk of social exclusion. and feeds it back Arca Maresme committed to employ Collection is organised as follows: into the soil in his at least 30% of its staff from difficult thrice weekly collection of organic allotment. “This has to employ locals. waste (food scraps and small gar- been such a positive den wastes – grass cuttings, leaves), experience. It’s a bit Before switching to door-to-door twice a week for lightweight packag- of work indeed, but collection, the waste collection com- ing such as plastics and cans/ tins, it’s more important pany (FCC - Fomento de Construc- once a week for each paper and re- to close the loop ciones y Contratas) employed three sidual waste and a daily collection with nature and stop people to carry out collection. Given service for used, disposable nappies using chemical fer- the increased resources required for (a separate container on the collec- tilizers, which I don’t collecting 7 days a week over longer tion truck is used for this). The spe- need anymore. This shifts, that number increased to 11. cific collection for nappies is intend- is definitely the way Arca Maresme currently employs all ed to keep a user-friendly scheme forward.” of them. This is one of the main les- that meets the needs of families us- sons to learn from implementation ing nappies/diapers, while enabling of collection at the doorstep: apart a very low collection frequency for from boosting recycling rates, the the rest of the residual waste. In this largest share of collection costs are way, the system manages to cut col- shifted from costs related to equip- lection costs, and drives most of the ment, technologies and disposal, to recyclables and compostable waste creating new jobs, which ultimately towards the appropriate containers. feeds back into the local economy. Case study 4 “ARGENTONA INTRODUCES PAY-AS-YOU-THROW SYSTEM IN 2009” All of the collected recyclables are residual waste in special, taxed bags. Waste fractions are taken directly to the various local After the latest reform, the cost of collected door-to- processing plants, while the residual waste management is now covered door every day of the fraction is taken to a sorting hub in through a combination of a fixed rate week, according to nearby Mataró, where neighbouring tax, which is intended to cover the the different waste municipalities also bring their resid- partial fixed costs of the system, and streams. ual waste to go through a Mechani- a variable fee charged in proportion cal- Biological Treatment (MBT). This to the waste disposed of. process pools further some of the unsorted recyclables within the re- REDUCING WASTE & sidual waste, including organic ma- SAVING COSTS terial, and incinerates the rest. “This is indeed not ideal”, recognizes Joan Since 2003, this system has effec- Pujol, from the Argentona Council tively reduced residual waste by “but we are sending less and less more than 50% and packaging waste waste to incineration as our residu- by 21%, although some of this can al fraction is continually minimized.
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