The Institutional Effects of Executive Scandals Brandon Rottinghaus Index More Information
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10297-2 - The Institutional Effects of Executive Scandals Brandon Rottinghaus Index More information Index Abramoff, Jack, 47 Arkansas Abu Ghraib, 18 state executive scandals in, 31 , 33 , 38 , 74 Accessibility, effect of scandals on, 169 stonewalling in, 51 – 3 Accountability, effect of scandals and, 11 – 12 Ashcroft, John, 21 Accountability, effect of scandals on, 168 – 71 Associated Press, 20 , 57 , 176n. 9 Adegbile, Isaiah O., 146 Admissions. See “Coming clean” Baird, Zoe, 73 Agenda Baker, James, 26 Presidential scandals, effect of, 107 – 8 Basinger, Scott, 6 , 50 state executive scandals, effect of, 99 , 110 , Beach, Eldridge, 48 111 – 12 Behavioral impact of scandals, 3 – 5 Agenda-setting role of scandals, 15 Bernstein, Carl, 91 Agnew, Spiro, 28 – 9 Beyle, Thad L., 55 , 99 Agriculture Department, Offi ce of Inspector Bills introduced and enacted, effect of state General, 147 executive scandals on, 98 , 108 – 9 Alabama Black, Frederick, 47 Executive Orders in, 98 – 9 Blagojevich, Rod, 28 , 34 , 38 , 67 , 73 , 160 , 173 state executive scandals in, 93 Blunt, Matt, 72 Alaska Book of the States, 98 , 99 , 100 , 122 , impeachment in, 178n. 2 177n. 15 state executive scandals in, 71 , 93 Bourne, Peter, 73 Albright, Madeleine, 172 Bowler, Shaun, 7 Allen, Richard, 28 – 9 Brace, Paul, 98 American National Election Study, 98 Brawner, Larry, 48 American Presidency Project, 9 6 “Bridgegate,” 165 Analysis of scandals, 12 , 37 – 9 . See also Broaddrick, Juanita, 24 Classifi cation of scandals ; Types of Brown, Ron, 28 – 9 scandals Budget of the United States Government, Anderson, James E., 141 Fiscal Year 2012, 148 Anderson, William D., 69 , 117 , 135 Busby, Robert, 5 , 9 , 70 , 138 , 161 Andolina, Molly W., 70 Bush, George H.W. Annual Letters to the President, 147 “coming clean” by, 48 Annual Statistical Report of the United States executive-legislative relations under, 117 Attorneys’ Offi ces, 148 frequency of scandals under, 22 – 4 Antitrust Division (DOJ), 141 generally, 17 Apostolidis, Paul, 16 stonewalling by, 50 – 1 Arizona, Executive Orders in, 98 – 9 types of scandals under, 24 – 31 205 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10297-2 - The Institutional Effects of Executive Scandals Brandon Rottinghaus Index More information 206 Index Bush, George W. Watergate scandal, 24 , 26 , 29 , 30 executive action and policy, effect of Clinton, Bill scandals on, 15 “Chinagate” ( See “Chinagate” ) frequency of scandals under, 22 – 4 economy and, 67 , 70 – 1 generally, 96 as effective leader, 6 investigations of corruption under, 155 executive action and policy, effect of National Guard service, 24 scandals on, 92 party support and, 125 executive-legislative relations and, 117 , 167 party unity and, 182n. 10 forgiveness by public, 166 popularity of during second term, 81 frequency of scandals under, 22 – 4 prosecutions of corruption under, 143 fundraising by, 124 , 175n. 3 stonewalling by, 47 , 50 – 1 , 169 generally, 15 , 167 types of scandals under, 24 – 31 investigations of corruption under, 155 Bush, Jeb, 31 legacy of scandals, 5 Lewinsky affair ( See Lewinsky affair ) Cabinet members, scandals involving media coverage of scandals under, 6 chief executive scandals compared, 165 party support and, 125 overview, 25 – 6 party unity and, 119 , 182n. 10 survival of scandals, 83 remaining active, 171 – 2 California Rich, pardon of, 17 Executive Orders in, 98 – 9 scandals as Governor, 33 state executive scandals in, 31 stonewalling by, 50 – 1 , 82 – 3 , 169 Cameron, Charles M., 2 strategic decisions by, 41 , 176n. 3 , 177n. 6 Canon, David T., 167 types of scandals under, 24 – 31 Carcieri, Donald, 37 Whitewater scandal ( See Whitewater Carter, Jimmy scandal ) Bourne and, 73 Clinton, Hillary, 74 , 124 frequency of scandals under, 22 – 4 Codifi cation of Presidential Proclamations “good government” platform, Disposition Table, 9 6 effect of, 44 Coffey, Daniel J., 99 Jordan and, 44 Collins, Gail, 31 , 166 Lance affair and, 40 – 1 Colorado stonewalling by, 50 – 1 , 169 executive action and policy in, 100 strategic decisions by, 44 Executive Orders in, 98 – 9 types of scandals under, 24 – 31 “Coming clean” Casey, William, 26 overview, 12 Celeste, Richard, 19 defi ning, 45 – 6 Census Bureau, 146 dichotomous coding and, 47 Chavez, Linda, 28 , 73 by George H.W. Bush, 48 Cheney, Dick, 18 by Obama, 48 Chief of Staff, scandals involving, 26 in Presidential scandals, 48 “Chinagate,” 24 , 29 – 30 , 175n. 3 sources of research regarding, 45 Christie, Chris, 31 , 161 , 165 special investigations, effect of “Circuit breakers,” 112 – 13 requesting, 46 CIS Information to Presidential Executive in state executive scandals, 48 Orders and Proclamations, 9 6 stonewalling compared, 41 – 5 Classifi cation of scandals Commerce Department fi nancial scandals, 28 – 9 generally, 56 multiple targets, scandals with, 29 – 30 Census Bureau, 146 overview, 12 Offi ce of Inspector General, 184n. 13 personal scandals, 28 , 29 Congress political scandals, 28 , 29 effect of scandals on, 6 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10297-2 - The Institutional Effects of Executive Scandals Brandon Rottinghaus Index More information Index 207 executive scandals compared to legislative Denial. See Stonewalling scandals, 10 Dewan, Torun, 95 hearings on scandals ( See Hearings on Dichotomous coding, 47 scandals ) DiLeo, Daniel, 99 interbranch friction and, 122 – 4 Divided government political party, effect of scandal by, 7 executive action and policy, as variable in response to scandals, 166 measuring, 97 , 99 scandals involving, 166 Presidential scandals, effect on, 63 , 97 , 173 Congressional Quarterly Support state executive scandals, effect on, Scores as variable in measuring 59 – 60 , 99 executive-legislative relations, 121 , 182n. 4 stonewalling, effect on, 66 Corruption, scandals and DOJ. See Justice Department overview, 14 , 140 – 1 , 157 – 9 Domke, David, 6 investigations of corruption ( See Doss, Marion T., Jr., 137 Investigations of corruption ) Doyle, Jim, 33 prosecutions of corruption ( See Duration of scandals Prosecutions of corruption ) effect on survival, 71 – 4 Corzine, John, 32 overview, 162 – 3 Cox proportional hazard model, 74 – 8 , Presidential scandals, effect on survival, 73 178n. 4 – 9 state executive scandals, effect on Cox-Snell residuals, 75 – 8 survival, 71 – 3 Cumulative scandals effect on survival, 83 – 6 Economic variables in analysis of strategic overview, 163 decisions, 56 under Nixon, 163 Economy, importance to survival of scandals under Truman, 163 overview, 67 , 70 – 1 Cuomo, Andrew, 44 , 53 , 93 , 161 in Presidential scandals, 83 in state executive scandals, 80 D’Amato, Alphonse, 124 Education Department, Offi ce of Inspector Daschle, Tom, 48 General, 147 Dash, Abraham, 82 Edwards, Edwin, 49 Dean, John, 44 , 48 , 61 Eisenhower, Dwight, 43 Defense Department Election variables in analysis of strategic Offi ce of Inspector General, 147 decisions, 56 scandals involving, 152 Energy Department, Offi ce of Inspector Defi nition of scandal, 17 – 18 General, 147 corruption, exclusion of, 19 , 21 “Entertainment” value, importance to incompetence or unpopular policies, survival of scandals, 67 exclusion of, 18 , 21 Entman, Robert M., 18 , 119 legal acts, exclusion of, 19 Erlichman, John, 48 mismanagement, exclusion of, 19 Examination of scandals, 9 – 10 negative publicity, exclusion of, 18 , 21 Executive action and policy overview, 16 – 17 action versus distraction, 91 – 3 persons involved, 19 , 21 “circuit breakers,” 112 – 13 sex scandals, inclusion of, 18 , 21 under Clinton, 92 unproven connections with wrongdoing, comparison of Presidential scandals and exclusion of, 19 , 21 state executive scandals, 113 – 14 Delaware, Executive Orders in, 98 – 9 divided government as variable, 97 , 99 Democratic Party effect of scandals on, 11 , 13 , 90 – 1 , 112 – 14 Congressional scandals, effect of, 7 election year as variable, 97 Presidential scandals, effect of, 13 , 127 – 9 , executive staff as variable, 97 138 , 165 – 6 , 167 – 8 , 173 under George W. Bush, 15 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10297-2 - The Institutional Effects of Executive Scandals Brandon Rottinghaus Index More information 208 Index Executive action and policy (cont.) type of scandal as variable, 120 , 122 institutional power as variable, 99 variables in Presidential scandals, 120 – 1 Iran-Contra scandal, effect of, 91 variables in state executive scandals, 122 measures of, 95 – 6 vetoes and, 13 , 118 – 19 , 121 , 122 , 133 – 7 , 139 new President as variable, 97 Whitewater scandal, effect of, 117 under Nixon, 91 Executive Orders under Obama, 92 Presidential scandals, effect of, 96 , 106 past win percent as variable, 99 state executive scandals, effect of, 98 – 9 , Poisson count models, 100 – 3 , 180n. 9 – 1 , 109t. 4.4. – 10 181n. 10 “Exorcising” scandal, importance of, 172 political scandals, 93 – 5 in Presidential scandals, 91 – 3 , 96 – 8 , 100 – 8 Fan, David P., 6 under Reagan, 6 , 15 , 91 , 92 , 94 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 145 regression analysis of, 100 – 3 , 180n. 9 – 1 , Federal Code, 9 6 181n. 10 Federal Emergency Management second half of term as variable, 98 Agency, 21 in state executive scandals, 93 , 98 – 100 , Federal Register, 9 6 108 – 11 , 113 Ferrell, Fred, 72 state revenue and personnel as variable, 100 Financial scandals statistical