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The Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System Standards and Specifications Document

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The Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System Standards and Specifications Document The Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System Standards and Specifications Document Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System Standards & Specifications Table of Contents Introduction, Purpose, and Scope ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Authority ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Living Document .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1: History ........................................................................................................................................................................................10 1.1 - North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) ......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 - North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.3 - Differences Between NAD 27 and NAD 83 (NADCON) ................................................................................................. 16 1.4 - NAD 83 Adjustments and Realizations, HARN, FBN, and Epochs (oh my) .......................................................... 21 1.5 – Kentucky Height Modernization and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) ........................ 23 1.6 – Future Reference Frames Planned for 2022..................................................................................................................... 24 1.7 – SPCS Planned for 2022 ............................................................................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 2: Mapping Projections and SPCS Design Techniques ...............................................................................................37 2.1 - Map Projections .............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 2.1.1 - Map projection types and conformality ........................................................................................................................... 37 2.1.2 - Map projection distortion ...................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.2 - SPCS Design Techniques ............................................................................................................................................................. 44 2.3 - Ground to Grid Optimization .................................................................................................................................................... 45 2.4 - Projection Optimization and Low Distortion Design ..................................................................................................... 48 Chapter 3: Policy and Standards ...........................................................................................................................................................53 3.1 - Conformance with NGS Policy ................................................................................................................................................. 53 3.2 - Meter to Customary Foot Conversion Factors .................................................................................................................. 53 References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................56 Appendix A: Kentucky Revised Statutes .............................................................................................................................................59 A.1 - 1.010 Legislative intent in establishing Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System. ........................................ 59 A.2 - 1.020 Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System. .............................................................................................................. 59 Appendix B: Kentucky Administrative Regulations......................................................................................................................61 B.1 - 200 KAR 041:010. The Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System .......................................................................... 61 Appendix C: Series Specifications .........................................................................................................................................................64 C.1 - Series 1: North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) ...................................................................................................... 64 C.2 - Series 2: North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) ...................................................................................................... 66 C.3 - Series 3: North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022) ............................................... 68 Appendix D .......................................................................................................................................................................................................71 D.1 - Projection Distortion Performance Maps........................................................................................................................... 71 May, 2021 2 Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System Standards & Specifications NAD 1983 Kentucky Single Zone (KY1Z-1983) ......................................................................................................................72 NAD 1983 Kentucky North Zone (KYNZ-1983) ......................................................................................................................73 NAD 1983 Kentucky South Zone (KYSZ-1983) .......................................................................................................................74 NATRF 2022 Kentucky Single Zone (KY1Z-2022; NGS: 210001 KY) ............................................................................75 NATRF 2022 Kentucky LDP Zone 1 - South West (KYLDP1SW-2022; NGS: 211001 KY SW) ............................ 76 NATRF 2022 Kentucky LDP Zone 2 - South Central (KYLDP2SC-2022; NGS: 211002 KY SC) ........................... 77 NATRF 2022 Kentucky LDP Zone 3 - South East (KYLDP3SE-2022; NGS: 211003 KY SE) ................................. 78 NATRF 2022 Kentucky LDP Zone 4 – Mid West (KYLDP4MW-2022; NGS: 211004 KY MW) ............................ 79 NATRF 2022 Kentucky LDP Zone 5 – Mid Central (KYLDP5MC-2022, NGS 211005 KY MC) ............................ 80 NATRF 2022 Kentucky LDP Zone 6 – North East (KYLDP6NE-2022; NGS: 211006 KY NE) .............................. 81 NATRF 2022 Kentucky LDP Zone 7 – North Central (KYLDP7NC-2022; NGS: 211007 KY NC) ........................ 82 Appendix E: Six Steps Illustrating Low Distortion Projection (LDP) Design ..................................................................... 83 E.1 - Determine distortion objective and representative ellipsoid height for area of interest ............................. 83 E.2 - Choose projection type and place projection axis near centroid of project area .............................................. 84 E.3 - Scale projection axis to the representative ground height, h0 ................................................................................... 85 E.4 - Compute distortion throughout project area and refine design parameters ..................................................... 86 E.5 - Keep the definition SIMPLE and CLEAN! ............................................................................................................................. 87 E.6 - Explicitly define linear unit and geometric reference system (i.e., geodetic datum) ...................................... 88 Appendix F: SPCS Conformal Mapping Projection Equations ..................................................................................................91 F.1 - Lambert Conformal Conic Projection –Single Standard Parallel .............................................................................. 92 F.2 - Transverse Mercator Projection ............................................................................................................................................. 94 F.3 - Oblique Mercator Projection – Natural Origin .................................................................................................................. 98 Bryan W. Bunch, PLS, PG Commonwealth of Kentucky Principal Author Cover Image By: Michael Dennis (National Geodetic Survey) Revision History: Release v1.0 (January 20, 2021) May, 2021 3 Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System Standards & Specifications The Kentucky State Plane Coordinate System Standards and Specifications Document
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