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The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: a Comparative Study Among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia

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The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: a Comparative Study Among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia Ministry of Labor, Cooperatives, and Social Welfare of Iran The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE January 2016 This report was prepared under the “The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia” Project (2014- IRNPOVER-027) funded by the COMCEC Ministry of Labor, Cooperatives, and Social Welfare of Iran The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia This report was prepared under the The Role of Community based Rehabilitation Programs in Poverty Reduction among Iran, Indonesia and Malaysia” Project (2014- IRNPOVER-027) is funded by the COMCEC The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia Any views or opinions presented in this document are solely those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of COMCEC Coordination Office. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................... VI INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... XII 1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY .............................. 1 1.1 OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY BASED-REHABILITATION ....................................... 1 1.2 THE ROLE OF CBR IN POVERTY REDUCTION ..................................................... 2 1.3 CBR MATRIX ................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Health ..................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Education ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 Livelihood ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.4 Social ...................................................................................................... 6 1.3.5 Empowerment ......................................................................................... 6 1.4 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON IMPLEMENTING CBR STRATEGIES ........................ 7 1.5 METHODOLOGY & FRAMEWORK FOR EXAMINE CBR STRATEGIES .................... 7 2. OVERVIEW OF CBR PROGRAM IN THE COMCEC MEMBER STATES 9 2.1 POVERTY AND DISABILITY IN THE COMCEC MEMBER STATES ....................... 9 2.1.1 The relationship between poverty and disability in monetary terms ... 11 2.1.2 The relationship between poverty and disability in non-monetary terms……………………............................................................ 14 2.2 CBR STRATEGIES FOR POVERTY REDUCTION .................................................. 14 2.3 SUMMARY OF CBR STRATEGIES FOR POVERTY REDUCTION ............................ 18 3. CASE STUDIES .................................................................................................... 20 3.1 IRAN ............................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Background .......................................................................................... 20 3.1.2 Socioeconomic status of people with disabilities ................................. 20 3.1.3 History and background of CBR in the country ................................... 23 3.1.4 The association of people with disabilities in the country ................... 30 3.1.5 The CBR governance ........................................................................... 33 3.1.6 CBR services for people with disabilities ............................................ 37 3.1.7 Best practice ......................................................................................... 40 3.1.8 The Way forward .................................................................................. 44 3.2 MALAYSIA ...................................................................................................... 45 3.2.1 Background .......................................................................................... 45 3.2.2 Socioeconomic status of people with disabilities ................................. 46 3.2.3 History and background of CBR in the country ................................... 51 3.2.4 The association of people with disabilities in the country ................... 52 3.2.5 The CBR governance ........................................................................... 53 3.2.6 CBR services for people with disabilities ............................................ 56 3.2.7 Best practice ......................................................................................... 57 3.2.8 The Way forward .................................................................................. 66 3.3 INDONESIA ...................................................................................................... 68 3.3.1 Background .......................................................................................... 68 I 3.3.2 Socioeconomic status of people with disabilities ................................. 69 3.3.3 History and background of CBR in the country ................................... 74 3.3.4 The association of people with disabilities in the country ................... 78 3.3.5 The CBR governance ........................................................................... 81 3.3.6 CBR services for people with disabilities ............................................ 87 3.3.7 Best practice ......................................................................................... 99 3.3.8 The way forward ................................................................................ 101 4. CROSS CUTTING RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................. 103 4.1 CBR NATIONAL POLICY ................................................................................ 103 4.2 THE ASSOCIATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE COUNTRY .............. 104 4.3 CBR SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES ............................................ 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 107 II List of Figures Figure 1: Disability Prevalence Rates .................................................................................................. 9 Figure 2: Disability Prevalence Rates in some Countries ........................................................... 10 Figure 3: High Income OIC Member Countries and YLD ......................................................... 11 Figure 4: Upper-Middle Income OIC Member Countries and YLD ....................................... 12 Figure 5: Lower-Middle Income OIC Countries and YLD ........................................................ 12 Figure 6: Low Income OIC Member Countries and YLD .......................................................... 13 Figure 7: The Relationship between OIC Countries and YLD based on Monetary term .. 13 Figure 8: The Relationship between HDI and YLD in OIC Countries ................................... 14 Figure 9: CBR Programs in OIC Member Countries ................................................................... 15 Figure 10: The Relationship between the Components of CBR Matrix ................................. 19 Figure 11: Percentage of Male and Female among People with Disabilities ........................ 21 Figure 12: The Level of Education .................................................................................................... 21 Figure 13: The Level of Employment ............................................................................................. 22 Figure 14: The Level of Occupation ................................................................................................. 23 Figure 15: Identified People with Disabilities through CBR Programs .................................. 26 Figure 16: The Number of Rural Areas Covered by CBR Programs ...................................... 26 Figure 17: CBR Structure in Iran ....................................................................................................... 36 Figure 18: Population of People with Disabilities in Indonesia ................................................ 70 Figure 19: The Category of Disabilities ........................................................................................... 70 Figure 20: Disability Prevalence Based on Age ............................................................................ 71 Figure 21: People with Disabilities who Attending Schools...................................................... 72 Figure 22: Education Levels of People with Disabilities ............................................................ 72 Figure 23: Employment of People with Disabilities .................................................................... 73 Figure 24: Sectors of Employment of People with Disabilities ................................................ 73 Figure 25: Sectors of Employment of People with Disabilities in 2013 ................................. 74 Figure 26: Map of CBR Projects Sites in Indonesia ..................................................................... 87 III List of Tables Table 1 : CBR Matrix .................................................................................................... 4 Table 2: Methodology and Framework for Examining CBR
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